资源简介

2025年高考英语作业考试化40分钟组合卷之 完形填空
最新全国各地真题模拟题（河北省邯郸市） 学生版
新变化——2024年高考全国I卷 完形填空
继续加强对动词和名词等实词的考查力度
今年完形填空较去年相比，注重对实词的考查，名词词义辨析考了5题，动词词义辨析考了8题，对形容词和副词的考查数量有所下降。
选材注重铸魂育人，培养跨文化交际能力
完形填空通过细腻的个人经历叙述，不仅促使学生深刻反思个人目标设定的主观性和个体间差异，还微妙地引导他们在遭遇挑战之际，学会灵活调整策略，培养积极向上的思维模式，以更好地适应个人成长与社会变迁的需求。尤为重要的是，文中作者最终达成的“不盲从、不跟风”的认知结论，鲜明地彰显了命题人旨在培养新一代青年学子独立思考、理性判断的教育导向，鼓励他们在多元化信息时代中坚守自我，坚持走自己的路。
教学建议——2024年高考全国I卷 完形填空
注重探究新课标卷完形填空命题规律
完形填空在高考中属于语言知识的运用，该板块要求学生不仅能正确使用语法和词汇知识，还应该有一定的语篇知识，即能够分析语篇的组织结构、问题特征和语篇的连贯性，厘清上下文的逻辑关系的知识。所以备考过程中，大家一定要注意总结各种语篇的特点（特别是记叙文），养成从整体的层面（文章结构，主线)和句际逻辑关系层面分析的习惯。
提升借助于语境逻辑和褒贬性辨析能力
完形填空大都需要根据上下文进行词义辨析，因而对词汇掌握的要求较高。在平时的复习中，很多词汇不能仅根据单词书背记其汉语意思，更多地应该去语境中去积累词汇的含义和用法。同时，还应当特别注意一词多义和熟词生义等现象并培养根据词汇本义猜测其引申义的能力。
真题例析——2024年高考全国I卷 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve been motivated – and demotivated – by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 42 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run – 15 miles. To be honest, I 44 it! Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 47 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 48 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 49 her bike and went for a ride. The 50 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 51 . That day, I got 52 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 53 .
I’ve 54 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 55 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence
46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason
47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with
48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved
49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked
50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice
51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges
52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped
53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing
54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
【试题说明】
本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。
语篇解读
关键词 motivated, demotivated, goals
主旨概要 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了主人公受到他人成就的刺激和激励，盲目跟风，尝试过跑步和骑自行车，最终意识到无论为自己设定什么目标，都必须切实可行、适合自己。
百科知识 圣地亚哥（San Diego）是美国加利福尼亚州的一个城市，位于美国西海岸，紧邻墨西哥边境。
语言知识
单词 motivate v 激励； demotivate v 使失去动力（de- = apart,away）； enter v 报名参加； uphill adv 朝上坡方向，向山上； regularly adv 定期地，经常，有规律地； appealing adj有吸引力的； mature v 变成熟
词块 refer to 指的是； to be honest 老实说； run after sb 追赶某人； go for a ride 骑车兜风； go through 穿过； come to accept 终于接受，渐渐认识到； turn to sth 改为做某事； set a goal for oneself 为自己设定目标
派生词与 合成词 派生词： biodiversity n 生物多样性（bio- + diversity）； observation n 观察（observe + -ation）； humanity n 人类（human +-ity ）； outnumber v 比… … 多（ out- + number ）； observational adj 观察的（observation + -al）； usable adj 可用的，适用的（use + -able）； sampling n（选取的有代表性的）样本（sample + -ing）；likelihood n 可能（性）（likely + -hood）； flowering adj 开花的，有花的（flower + -ing）； coverage n 覆盖范围（cover + -age）； imperfect adj 不完美的（im- + perfect）； oversampled adj过度采样的（over- + sample + -ed）；identification n 身份（identify + -ication）； uploaded adj 已上传的（upload+ -ed）； outdated adj 过时的（out- + date + -ed）； threatened adj 受到威胁的，感到危险的（threaten + -ed）； improper adj 不当的，错误的（im- + proper）； unreliable adj 不可靠的（un- + reliable）； guidance n 指导（guide+ -ance） 合成词： dataset n 数据集（data + set）； eye-catching adj 抢眼的，引人注目的（eye + catch + -ing）； well-sampled adj 充分采样的（well + sample + -ed）
长难句分析 Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! 【翻译】那个女孩让我觉得自己的成就微不足道，加上慢跑让我感觉无聊，我决定以后再也不跑步了，除非有一只大狗追着我跑！ 【分析】句子的主干为I decided that。Between ...and ... 为介词短语作状语，其中making my achievement seem small为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the girl；that 引导的宾语从句中，the reason (that) ... 表示“……的原因/ 理由”。
【答案】
41-45 CADCB 46-50 DCBBA 51-55 DADBC
【解析】
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。
42.考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。
43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。
45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。
46.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。
47.考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only6I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。
49.考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。
50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 51 .”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。
51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“The 50 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。
52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such 51 .”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。
53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信赖的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got 　52　by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured (情感和认识)成熟；C. missed思念；D. worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 　15　 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。
55.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境。故选C项。
【习题精做 试题说明】
试题来源 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 序号
2024·河北邯郸·三模 人与自然之大熊猫“福宝”于周三晚上从韩国乘坐包机抵达成都 新闻报道 228 较易(0.85) 1
2024·河北邯郸·一模 人与自然之竹子在中国的寓意 说明文 224 适中(0.65) 2
2024·河北邯郸·二模 人与社会之中国邯郸太极拳 记叙文 221 适中(0.65) 3
2023·河北邯郸·三模 人与社会之历史文化名城邯郸 新闻报道 202 适中(0.65) 4
2023·河北邯郸·二模 人与社会之电子邮件对环境的不好的影响 说明文 238 适中(0.65) 5
2023·河北邯郸·一模 人与社会之瑞典习俗引发交通混乱 说明文 226 适中(0.65) 6
习题精做 河北省邯郸市近年模拟题
1
（2024·河北邯郸·三模）Dr. Franeis Collins is one of America’s leading scientists. In an interview, Dr. Collins was asked if there was any special spark (火花) or any moment in particular that 1 him to pursue a life of science. Dr. Collins 2 that in fact there was. He said that when he was in high school, on the first day of his first science course, the teacher handed each student a box 3 . The boxes were sealed (封住) on the outside and hollow (空的) on the inside. But each box 4 something. And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around, he could 5 something rolling around inside.
What was it The teacher told the students that their 6 was to determine what was inside the box. They could 7 any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box. But they couldn’t 8 the box. They had to find ways to 9 what was in the box.
“That’s what 10 is,” the teacher carefully 11 , “being curious, and thinking of questions to ask, until you find out the answer.” Dr. Collins was 12 . He said that that day in class completely 13 his life. From then on, he was 14 to spending a life in science, where his job was to be 15 and ask lots of questions.
1. A. forced B. inspired C. ordered D. requested
2. A. doubted B. recognized C. imagined D. replied
3. A. carefully B. hurriedly C. secretly D. impatiently
4. A. represented B. meant C. contained D. told
5. A. see B. hear C. fancy D. monitor
6. A. campaign B. desire C. ambition D. assignment
7. A. avoid B. design C. pass D. mark
8. A. open B. roll C. throw D. hit
9. A. pick up B. draw on C. figure out D. stick to
10. A. experiment B. science C. education D. study
11. A. answered B. apologized C. argued D. explained
12. A. attracted B. confused C. frightened D. disappointed
13. A. controlled B. improved C. saved D. changed
14. A. opposed B. exposed C. committed D. used
15. A. curious B. smart C. generous D. optimistic
2
（2024·河北邯郸·一模）I was struggling earlier in the year, even though I’m a(n) 16 person by nature. The entire world seemed to have come to a stop all of a sudden. I was 17 with worry about my family and paying the bills, and whether life would ever be the same again.
Then, one evening I went outside and 18 . The sky was dark and the stars were shining so brightly that I almost held my breath. As I stood under that splendid ceiling, I was filled with 19 .
I really wanted to find out more about them. Suddenly, I remembered I’d 20 an app on my phone a couple of months earlier, which 21 all the stars and planets. Together with my daughters, I raced to the upstairs, where we had a perfect 22 of the night sky. Using the app, we were excited to 23 that bright white star hanging over the horizon was Venus. Then we looked past Betelguese, a dying red supergiant star 700 times the size of Earth, and many more. 24 , the world no longer seemed like an unfamiliar place. It 25 me that the Earth had been around for 4. 5 billion years and had experienced things much more 26 . That realization 27 brought my worries into a much broader perspective (眼界).
Plus, that twinkling night sky was just so beautiful — I felt happier and calmer just looking at it. It became our 28 to sit at the window every evening, gazing at the stars. Not only did it help us 29 the reality, but for half an hour each day we got to 30 outside our four walls.
16. A. optimistic B. patient C. independent D. considerate
17. A. combined B. questioned C. consumed D. impressed
18. A. pulled over B. looked up C. headed off D. calmed down
19. A. wonder B. pride C. anxiety D. guilt
20. A. designed B. downloaded C. advertised D. tested
21. A. reflects B. connects C. measures D. identifies
22. A. view B. memory C. record D. example
23. A. explain B. imagine C. discover D. indicate
24. A. By the way B. At first sight C. At that moment D. By all means
25. A. benefited B. warned C. challenged D. struck
26. A. informal B. flexible C. conventional D. dramatic
27. A. constantly B. instantly C. secretly D. randomly
28. A. regret B. routine C. adventure D. responsibility
29. A. describe B. ignore C. stress D. face
30. A. train B. gather C. travel D. recover
3
（2024·河北邯郸·二模）Janet Kelly and her husband, DaQuan Davis, were out shopping one afternoon when DaQuan’s brother, Demetrius, called in a panic. Some children playing with a lighter in the downstairs apartment 31 a fire, and the whole house was on fire. 32 , Janet’s two youngest children were still inside. But when they got back, they learned that their children were 33 .
That’s when Janet 34 that their dog, named Blue, had played a big role in 35 their youngest daughter. Demetrius 36 the older one of the two children out first, but when he 37 for the younger one, the smoke was 38 and things were falling all around him, Blue had 39 Demetrius outside, and then he ran back into the house for the younger child. “He was circling around my daughter and 40 . Firefighters arrived in minutes. They followed Blue’s sounds to 41 the child,” Janet said.
The family were especially 42 to Blue. “He’s the sweetest dog,” Janet said. “Blue will bark at strangers, but once he knows you’re OK, he’ll drop onto his back for belly rubs.” Blue has clearly been affected by the 43 and he now barks whenever he sees candles or someone lighting a cigarette. 44 , Blue has become a bit of a 45 for the family. Blue, you’re the ultimate good boy
31. A. found B. started C. fought D. stopped
32. A. As a result B. In addition C. On the contrary D. Worse still
33. A. safe B. healthy C. panic D. hungry
34. A. assumed B. learned C. decided D. predicted
35. A. rescuing B. persuading C. contacting D. adopting
36. A. ordered B. took C. picked D. pointed
37. A. looked out B. made room C. went back D. brought food
38. A. gone B. mild C. detectable D. thick
39. A. checked B. threw C. followed D. cheated
40. A. staring B. praying C. listening D. barking
41. A. wake B. locate C. comfort D. direct
42. A. grateful B. rude C. familiar D. generous
43. A. news B. incident C. conflict D. change
44. A. Similarly B. Occasionally C. Apparently D. Surprisingly
45. A. babysitter B. housekeeper C. manservant D. firefighter
4
（2023·河北邯郸·三模）Nicholas Bostic works as a pizza maker. He was on his way to get gas one night when he saw 46 leaping from a house. He turned his car around and pulled into the driveway. Then he 47 he’d left his phone at home and couldn’t dial 911.
He ran to the back of the house, found an unlocked door, and 48 inside. All he saw was smoke. He 49 , “Anybody here Get out! Fire!” Not hearing a response, he was about to 50 . Then he saw a teenager at the top of the stairs with some younger kids. Seionna Barrett, 18, was babysitting her four brothers and sisters while their 51 were out. Bostic pushed everyone outside—then Seionna told him a baby was 52 .
Nicholas ran inside but he couldn’t find her. When he got to the stairs that led downstairs, he heard some slight 53 .” The staircase was full of 54 , and the heat seemed unbearable, so he 55 for a moment before plunging (猛冲) down the stairs. He held his breath and followed the crying in the 56 until he reached the baby and quickly lifted her up. He broke open a window with his right fist, 57 wrapped the girl around his left side and leaped two stories to the ground, 58 on his right side, sparing the girl from the force of his fall.
Bostic had saved five 59 in under 15 minutes. There’s only one way to define his action: 60 and heroic.”
46. A. rays B. gases C. flames D. powders
47. A. denied B. realized C. explained D. promised
48. A. rushed B. marched C. drove D. flew
49. A. replied B. scolded C. shouted D. whispered
50. A. rest B. escape C. report D. leave
51. A. parents B. partners C. friends D. neighbours
52. A. injured B. awake C. missing D. anxious
53. A. crying B. singing C. arguing D. talking
54. A. air B. fog C. dust D. smoke
55. A. smelled B. hesitated C. practised D. screamed
56. A. darkness B. shade C. peace D. light
57. A. simply B. tightly C. poorly D. beautifully
58. A. moving B. rolling C. landing D. attacking
59. A. items B. lives C. games D. animals
60. A. creative B. aggressive C. ambitious D. courageous
5
（2023·河北邯郸·二模）Eric is one of the top salesmen in his company. Having to reach a 61 target every month, he often has to work over time. As a father, he always tries his best to 62 only quality time with his family. So despite a busy 63 he has fulfilling relationships and a happy family. 64 , with all the demands in life, he couldn’t find time to stay 65 and he started to gain a lot of weight. He started to feel 66 easily, and couldn’t quite catch his breath playing with his 5-year-old son.
Eric wanted to be healthy again so that he could manage his life better and most 67 , be able to enjoy his 68 with his boy more. After taking a life assessment, he 69 how little effort he had spent on aspects other than 70 , especially on health.
Eric rearranged his time and made time for 71 . It wasn’t easy at first, as he was still sometimes “too busy” to exercise. But with time, he was able to make exercising every morning his 72 . He would go to sleep early so he could 73 early to do some workouts before going to work. What was even surprising was that his habits slowly 74 his family to build a healthy routine too. Now Eric and his 75 always do exercise together during their family time.
61. A. cost B. saving C. production D. sales
62. A. spare B. spend C. squeeze D. gain
63. A. schedule B. career C. period D. company
64. A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Otherwise
65. A. calm B. healthy C. cool D. independent
66. A. energetic B. worried C. tired D. confident
67. A. importantly B. strangely C. recently D. possibly
68. A. hope B. story C. experience D. time
69. A. decided B. prevented C. supposed D. realized
70. A. money B. fame C. work D. relationship
71. A. dreaming B. exercising C. sleeping D. traveling
72. A. habit B. success C. goal D. secret
73. A. check out B. wake up C. stay up D. leave out
74. A. permitted B. reminded C. influenced D. enabled
75. A. workmates B. team C. neighbors D. family
6
（2023·河北邯郸·一模）Jacqueline’s dream of being a world-class runner began when she was a child in Kenya. She soon realized she had to 76 full-time to improve her performance, which meant not being able to work to help support her family. But she was 77 that the training would make her perfect and she could bring home prize money.
Jacqueline traveled to China to 78 in the Zheng-kai marathon knowing she had a good shot at 79 the race, but more importantly, the $10,000 prize that went with it. She was leading the women’s 80 when a male runner 81 the water station at the 20-kilometer mark. The man was running at a good pace but had trouble 82 water because a birth defect (缺陷) had left him without hands. He 83 to drink from the slippery plastic bottles. But any assistance from fans or race officials would result in his 84 . Jacqueline noticed the man and 85 knew that he needed help. She 86 a water bottle and helped him get the fluid his body needed to 87 the race. Then she ran at his 88 with the bottle and helped him sip (小口喝) while they strode along.
Jacqueline missed out on first place, but she 89 with something more important: her humanity. When asked about the bigger 90 , she said that money isn’t everything.
76. A. perform B. race C. conduct D. train
77. A. worried B. confident C. proud D. energetic
78. A. compete B. struggle C. serve D. adjust
79. A. taking B. losing C. winning D. completing
80. A. division B. movement C. research D. education
81. A. jumped into B. left for C. escaped from D. arrived at
82. A. finding B. drinking C. carrying D. pouring
83. A. planned B. hated C. struggled D. allowed
84. A. imbalance B. unemployment C. disability D. disqualification
85. A. eventually B. gradually C. immediately D. occasionally
86. A. spotted B. grabbed C. emptied D. packed
87. A. complete B. win C. enjoy D. start
88. A. pace B. position C. command D. best
89. A. connected B. helped C. finished D. met
90. A. event B. prize C. dream D. failure2025年高考英语作业考试化40分钟组合卷之 完形填空
最新全国各地真题模拟题（河北省邯郸市） 教师版
新变化——2024年高考全国I卷 完形填空
继续加强对动词和名词等实词的考查力度
今年完形填空较去年相比，注重对实词的考查，名词词义辨析考了5题，动词词义辨析考了8题，对形容词和副词的考查数量有所下降。
选材注重铸魂育人，培养跨文化交际能力
完形填空通过细腻的个人经历叙述，不仅促使学生深刻反思个人目标设定的主观性和个体间差异，还微妙地引导他们在遭遇挑战之际，学会灵活调整策略，培养积极向上的思维模式，以更好地适应个人成长与社会变迁的需求。尤为重要的是，文中作者最终达成的“不盲从、不跟风”的认知结论，鲜明地彰显了命题人旨在培养新一代青年学子独立思考、理性判断的教育导向，鼓励他们在多元化信息时代中坚守自我，坚持走自己的路。
教学建议——2024年高考全国I卷 完形填空
注重探究新课标卷完形填空命题规律
完形填空在高考中属于语言知识的运用，该板块要求学生不仅能正确使用语法和词汇知识，还应该有一定的语篇知识，即能够分析语篇的组织结构、问题特征和语篇的连贯性，厘清上下文的逻辑关系的知识。所以备考过程中，大家一定要注意总结各种语篇的特点（特别是记叙文），养成从整体的层面（文章结构，主线)和句际逻辑关系层面分析的习惯。
提升借助于语境逻辑和褒贬性辨析能力
完形填空大都需要根据上下文进行词义辨析，因而对词汇掌握的要求较高。在平时的复习中，很多词汇不能仅根据单词书背记其汉语意思，更多地应该去语境中去积累词汇的含义和用法。同时，还应当特别注意一词多义和熟词生义等现象并培养根据词汇本义猜测其引申义的能力。
真题例析——2024年高考全国I卷 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve been motivated – and demotivated – by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 42 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run – 15 miles. To be honest, I 44 it! Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 47 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 48 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 49 her bike and went for a ride. The 50 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 51 . That day, I got 52 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 53 .
I’ve 54 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 55 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence
46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason
47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with
48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved
49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked
50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice
51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges
52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped
53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing
54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
【试题说明】
本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。
语篇解读
关键词 motivated, demotivated, goals
主旨概要 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了主人公受到他人成就的刺激和激励，盲目跟风，尝试过跑步和骑自行车，最终意识到无论为自己设定什么目标，都必须切实可行、适合自己。
百科知识 圣地亚哥（San Diego）是美国加利福尼亚州的一个城市，位于美国西海岸，紧邻墨西哥边境。
语言知识
单词 motivate v 激励； demotivate v 使失去动力（de- = apart,away）； enter v 报名参加； uphill adv 朝上坡方向，向山上； regularly adv 定期地，经常，有规律地； appealing adj有吸引力的； mature v 变成熟
词块 refer to 指的是； to be honest 老实说； run after sb 追赶某人； go for a ride 骑车兜风； go through 穿过； come to accept 终于接受，渐渐认识到； turn to sth 改为做某事； set a goal for oneself 为自己设定目标
派生词与 合成词 派生词： biodiversity n 生物多样性（bio- + diversity）； observation n 观察（observe + -ation）； humanity n 人类（human +-ity ）； outnumber v 比… … 多（ out- + number ）； observational adj 观察的（observation + -al）； usable adj 可用的，适用的（use + -able）； sampling n（选取的有代表性的）样本（sample + -ing）；likelihood n 可能（性）（likely + -hood）； flowering adj 开花的，有花的（flower + -ing）； coverage n 覆盖范围（cover + -age）； imperfect adj 不完美的（im- + perfect）； oversampled adj过度采样的（over- + sample + -ed）；identification n 身份（identify + -ication）； uploaded adj 已上传的（upload+ -ed）； outdated adj 过时的（out- + date + -ed）； threatened adj 受到威胁的，感到危险的（threaten + -ed）； improper adj 不当的，错误的（im- + proper）； unreliable adj 不可靠的（un- + reliable）； guidance n 指导（guide+ -ance） 合成词： dataset n 数据集（data + set）； eye-catching adj 抢眼的，引人注目的（eye + catch + -ing）； well-sampled adj 充分采样的（well + sample + -ed）
长难句分析 Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! 【翻译】那个女孩让我觉得自己的成就微不足道，加上慢跑让我感觉无聊，我决定以后再也不跑步了，除非有一只大狗追着我跑！ 【分析】句子的主干为I decided that。Between ...and ... 为介词短语作状语，其中making my achievement seem small为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the girl；that 引导的宾语从句中，the reason (that) ... 表示“……的原因/ 理由”。
【答案】
41-45 CADCB 46-50 DCBBA 51-55 DADBC
【解析】
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。
42.考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。
43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。
45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。
46.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。
47.考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only6I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。
49.考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。
50.考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 51 .”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。
51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“The 50 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。
52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such 51 .”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。
53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信赖的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got 　52　by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured (情感和认识)成熟；C. missed思念；D. worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 　15　 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。
55.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境。故选C项。
【习题精做 试题说明】
试题来源 主题语境 体裁 词数（含试题） 难度系数 序号
2024·河北邯郸·三模 人与自然之大熊猫“福宝”于周三晚上从韩国乘坐包机抵达成都 新闻报道 228 较易(0.85) 1
2024·河北邯郸·一模 人与自然之竹子在中国的寓意 说明文 224 适中(0.65) 2
2024·河北邯郸·二模 人与社会之中国邯郸太极拳 记叙文 221 适中(0.65) 3
2023·河北邯郸·三模 人与社会之历史文化名城邯郸 新闻报道 202 适中(0.65) 4
2023·河北邯郸·二模 人与社会之电子邮件对环境的不好的影响 说明文 238 适中(0.65) 5
2023·河北邯郸·一模 人与社会之瑞典习俗引发交通混乱 说明文 226 适中(0.65) 6
习题精做 河北省邯郸市近年模拟题
1
（2024·河北邯郸·三模）Dr. Franeis Collins is one of America’s leading scientists. In an interview, Dr. Collins was asked if there was any special spark (火花) or any moment in particular that 1 him to pursue a life of science. Dr. Collins 2 that in fact there was. He said that when he was in high school, on the first day of his first science course, the teacher handed each student a box 3 . The boxes were sealed (封住) on the outside and hollow (空的) on the inside. But each box 4 something. And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around, he could 5 something rolling around inside.
What was it The teacher told the students that their 6 was to determine what was inside the box. They could 7 any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box. But they couldn’t 8 the box. They had to find ways to 9 what was in the box.
“That’s what 10 is,” the teacher carefully 11 , “being curious, and thinking of questions to ask, until you find out the answer.” Dr. Collins was 12 . He said that that day in class completely 13 his life. From then on, he was 14 to spending a life in science, where his job was to be 15 and ask lots of questions.
1. A. forced B. inspired C. ordered D. requested
2. A. doubted B. recognized C. imagined D. replied
3. A. carefully B. hurriedly C. secretly D. impatiently
4. A. represented B. meant C. contained D. told
5. A. see B. hear C. fancy D. monitor
6. A. campaign B. desire C. ambition D. assignment
7. A. avoid B. design C. pass D. mark
8. A. open B. roll C. throw D. hit
9. A. pick up B. draw on C. figure out D. stick to
10. A. experiment B. science C. education D. study
11. A. answered B. apologized C. argued D. explained
12. A. attracted B. confused C. frightened D. disappointed
13. A. controlled B. improved C. saved D. changed
14. A. opposed B. exposed C. committed D. used
15. A. curious B. smart C. generous D. optimistic
【试题说明】
这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了柯林斯博士上高中时的一堂科学课，彻底改变了他的人生轨迹，从那时起他就致力于科学研究，他的工作就是保持好奇心，提出很多问题。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一次采访中，柯林斯博士被问及是否有任何特别的火花或任何特别的时刻激励他追求科学。A. forced迫使；B. inspired鼓舞；C. ordered命令；D. requested要求。根据上文“any special spark (火花) or any moment in particular”以及下文的高中生活可知，柯林斯博士被问及是否有任何特别的火花或任何特别的时刻激励他追求科学的生活故选B项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：柯林斯医生回答说，事实上是有的。A. doubted怀疑；B. recognized认出；C. imagined想象；D. replied回复，回答。根据上文“in an interview, Dr. Collins was asked if”可知，柯林斯医生回答说，事实上是有的。故选D项。
3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他说，当他上高中的时候，在他第一次上科学课的第一天，老师神秘地递给每个学生一个盒子。A. carefully认真地；B. hurriedly匆匆地；C. secretly秘密地；D. impatiently没有耐心地。根据下文“The boxes were sealed (封住) on the outside and hollow (空的) on the inside.”可知，老师神秘地递给每个学生一个盒子。故选C项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但每个盒子里都装着东西。A. represented代表；B. meant 意味着；C. contained包括；D. told告诉。根据下文“And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around, he could ____5____ something rolling around inside.”可知，每个盒子里都装着东西。故选C项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当年轻的柯林斯把盒子翻过来的时候，他听到里面有什么东西在滚动。A. see看；B. hear听；C. fancy想象；D. monitor监测。根据上文“The boxes were sealed (封住)”可知，盒子是密封地，所以只能听到里面有东西在滚动。故选B项。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师告诉学生们，他们的任务是确定盒子里是什么。A. campaign战役；B. desire愿望；C. ambition抱负；D. assignment任务。根据下文“to determine what was inside the box.”可知，任务是确定盒子里是什么。故选D项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可以设计任何一种测试或问任何一种问题来找出盒子里的东西。A. avoid避免；B. design设计，构思；C. pass通过；D. mark标记。因为要弄清楚盒子里面到底是什么，所以要设计任何一种测试来弄明白。故选B项。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是他们不能打开盒子。A. open打开；B. roll滚动；C. throw扔；D. hit打击。根据But可知，盒子不能打开。故选A项。
9. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们必须想办法弄清楚盒子里是什么。A. pick up拾起；B. draw on利用；C. figure out弄清楚；D. stick to坚持。根据上文“They could ____7____ any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box.”可知，他们必须想办法弄清楚盒子里是什么。故选C项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是科学，”老师认真地解释道，“保持好奇，思考要问的问题，直到你找到答案”。A. experiment实验；B. science科学；C. education教育；D. study学习。根据上文“his first science course”可知，老师在解释科学。故选B项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就是科学，”老师认真地解释道，“保持好奇，思考要问的问题，直到你找到答案”。A. answered回答；B. apologized道歉；C. argued争论；D. explained解释。科学是严肃的，所以老师认真解释道。故选D项。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：柯林斯医生被吸引住了。A. attracted吸引；B. confused使困惑；C. frightened害怕；D. disappointed使失望。根据下文“He said that that day in class completely ____13____ his life.”可知，柯林斯博士被吸引住了。故选A项。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，在课堂上的那一天彻底改变了他的生活。A. controlled控制；B. improved提高；C. saved挽救；D. changed改变。根据下文“From then on, he was ____14____ to spending a life in science”可知，在课堂上的那一天彻底改变了他的生活。故选D项。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他就致力于科学研究，他的工作就是保持好奇心，提出很多问题。A. opposed反对；B. exposed暴露；C. committed致力于；D. used使用。根据下文“spending a life in science”可知，从那时起，他就致力于科学研究。故选C项。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他就致力于科学研究，他的工作就是保持好奇心，提出很多问题。A. curious好奇的；B. smart聪明的；C. generous慷慨的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据上文“being curious”可知，他的工作就是保持好奇心。故选A项。
2
（2024·河北邯郸·一模）I was struggling earlier in the year, even though I’m a(n) 16 person by nature. The entire world seemed to have come to a stop all of a sudden. I was 17 with worry about my family and paying the bills, and whether life would ever be the same again.
Then, one evening I went outside and 18 . The sky was dark and the stars were shining so brightly that I almost held my breath. As I stood under that splendid ceiling, I was filled with 19 .
I really wanted to find out more about them. Suddenly, I remembered I’d 20 an app on my phone a couple of months earlier, which 21 all the stars and planets. Together with my daughters, I raced to the upstairs, where we had a perfect 22 of the night sky. Using the app, we were excited to 23 that bright white star hanging over the horizon was Venus. Then we looked past Betelguese, a dying red supergiant star 700 times the size of Earth, and many more. 24 , the world no longer seemed like an unfamiliar place. It 25 me that the Earth had been around for 4. 5 billion years and had experienced things much more 26 . That realization 27 brought my worries into a much broader perspective (眼界).
Plus, that twinkling night sky was just so beautiful — I felt happier and calmer just looking at it. It became our 28 to sit at the window every evening, gazing at the stars. Not only did it help us 29 the reality, but for half an hour each day we got to 30 outside our four walls.
16. A. optimistic B. patient C. independent D. considerate
17. A. combined B. questioned C. consumed D. impressed
18. A. pulled over B. looked up C. headed off D. calmed down
19. A. wonder B. pride C. anxiety D. guilt
20. A. designed B. downloaded C. advertised D. tested
21. A. reflects B. connects C. measures D. identifies
22. A. view B. memory C. record D. example
23. A. explain B. imagine C. discover D. indicate
24. A. By the way B. At first sight C. At that moment D. By all means
25. A. benefited B. warned C. challenged D. struck
26. A. informal B. flexible C. conventional D. dramatic
27. A. constantly B. instantly C. secretly D. randomly
28. A. regret B. routine C. adventure D. responsibility
29. A. describe B. ignore C. stress D. face
30. A. train B. gather C. travel D. recover
【试题说明】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在面对生活中的困境、孤独无助时，与家人一起遥望星空，获得内心的平静和力量进而以更广阔的视角看待自己的问题，领悟了生命的真谛，汲取生活希望和勇气。
【答案】
16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C
【解析】
16. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我天生是个乐观的人，但今年早些时候我还是在痛苦中挣扎。A. optimistic乐观的；B. patient耐心的；C. independent独立的；D. considerate体贴的。根据上文“I was struggling earlier in the year, even though(今年早些时候我还是在痛苦中挣扎，尽管……)”可推理出下文说的是与“struggling(苦苦挣扎的)”含义相反的形容词，A项“optimistic乐观的”表达的含义符合语境，故选A项。
17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常担心我的家人和支付账单，以及生活是否会再次恢复如常。A. combined联合；B. questioned问问题；C. consumed使充满（强烈的感情）；D. impressed使感动。根据下文“worry about my family and paying the bills, and whether life would ever be the same again(担心我的家人和支付账单，以及生活是否会再次恢复如常)”可知，此处说的是作者被担忧和问题充满了头脑，分析选项，C项“consumed使充满（强烈的感情）”表达的含义符合语境，故选C项。
18. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，一天晚上，我走到外面，抬头看了看。A. pulled over靠边停车；B. looked up抬头看；C. headed off防止……发生；D. calmed down使平静下来。根据下文“The sky was dark and the stars were shining so brightly that I almost held my breath(天空一片漆黑，星星闪烁着耀眼的光芒，我几乎屏住了呼吸)”可推理出作者抬头看向天空，故选B项。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我站在那辉煌的天幕下时，我心中充满了惊奇。A. wonder惊奇；B. pride自豪；C. anxiety忧虑；D. guilt内疚。根据下文“I really wanted to find out more about them(我真的很想更多地了解他们)”可推理出作者内心充满了惊奇，故选A项。
20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我想起几个月前我在手机上下载了一个应用程序，它可以识别所有的恒星和行星。A. designed设计；B. downloaded下载；C. advertised宣传；D. tested测试。根据下文“an app on my phone(在手机上……一个应用程序)”可推理出空白处应填表示“下载”含义的动词，故选B项。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. reflects反射；B. connects连接；C. measures测量；D. identifies辨认。根据下文“that bright white star hanging over the horizon was Venus(悬挂在地平线上的那颗明亮的白星就是金星)”可推理出空白处应填表示“辨认”含义的动词，故选D项。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和我的女儿们一起跑到楼上，在那里我们可以看到夜空的完美景色。A. view视线，景色；B. memory记忆；C. record记录；D. example例子。根据上文“I raced to the upstairs(我跑到楼上)”以及下文“Using the app, we were excited to…that bright white star hanging over the horizon was Venus(使用该应用程序，我们兴奋地……挂在地平线上的那颗明亮的白星是金星。)”可推理出作者跑到楼上是为了更好地看夜空中的星星，短语have a view of“看到，拥有……视野”，符合语境，故选A项。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：使用该应用程序，我们兴奋地发现挂在地平线上的那颗明亮的白星是金星。A. explain解释；B. imagine想象；C. discover发现；D. indicate表明。根据下文“that bright white star hanging over the horizon was Venus(悬挂在地平线上的那颗明亮的白星就是金星)”可推理出此处上下文说的是发现了悬挂在地平线上的那颗明亮的白星就是金星，故选C项。
24. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：在那一刻，世界不再像是一个陌生的地方。A. By the way顺便问一下；B. At first sight乍一看；C. At that moment在那一刻；D. By all means可以，当然行。根据上文“Using the app, we were excited to discover that bright white star hanging over the horizon was Venus. Then we looked past Betelguese, a dying red supergiant star 700 times the size of Earth, and many more.( 使用这个应用程序，我们兴奋地发现悬挂在天际的那颗明亮的白色星星是金星。然后，我们又看到了参宿四——一颗垂死的红色超巨星，它的体积是地球的700倍，还看到了许多其他的星星。)”以及下文“the world no longer seemed like an unfamiliar place(世界不再像是一个陌生的地方)”可推理出作者在和女儿一起看星星的时候感受到世界不再像是一个陌生的地方，可推理出空白处应填表示“在那一刻”含义的介词短语，故选C项。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然意识到，地球已经存在了45亿年，经历了更多令人吃惊的事情。A. benefited有益于；B. warned警告；C. challenged挑战；D. struck猛地意识到，突然想到。根据下文“That realization ___12___ brought my worries into a much broader perspective ( 眼界 ).”可知下文内容是作者突然想到的、意识到的，故选D项。
26. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. informal非正式的；B. flexible灵活的；C. conventional传统的；D. dramatic令人吃惊的，巨大的。根据上文“the Earth had been around for 4. 5 billion years and had experienced things much more(地球已经存在了45亿年，经历了更多……)”以及下文“brought my worries into a much broader perspective(让我的担忧进入了一个更广阔的视角)”可知，此处说的地球已经存在了45亿年，经历了许多很多令人吃惊的大事。故选D项。
27. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种认识立刻让我的担忧进入了一个更广阔的视角。A. constantly不断地；B. instantly立刻；C. secretly秘密地；D. randomly随便地。根据上文“Using the app, we were excited to discover that bright white star hanging over the horizon was Venus. Then we looked past Betelguese, a dying red supergiant star 700 times the size of Earth, and many more. At that moment , the world no longer seemed like an unfamiliar place. It struck me that the Earth had been around for 4. 5 billion years and had experienced things much more dramatic(通过这款应用，我们兴奋地发现那颗悬挂在地平线上明亮的白色星星就是金星。接着，我们又看向了参宿四——一颗比地球大700倍、正在走向终结的红色超巨星，以及其他众多星辰。就在那一刻，世界仿佛不再是一个陌生之地。我突然意识到，地球已经存在了45亿年，并且经历过远比现在更为壮丽的事物。)”可知，作者在观察星空并使用手机应用程序了解星体之后，立刻有了一种对地球和宇宙更广阔的认知，这种认知使得作者的忧虑和担心放到了一个更广阔的视角之下。故选B项。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们每天晚上都坐在窗前，凝视着星星，这成了我们的惯例。A. regret遗憾；B. routine惯例；C. adventure冒险；D. responsibility责任。根据下文“to sit at the window every evening(每天晚上都坐在窗前)”可推理出此处上下文说的是每日必做之事，分析选项，B项“routine惯例”符合语境，故选B项。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它不仅帮助我们面对现实，而且每天有半个小时的时间在自己的四面高墙外“遨游”太空。A. describe描述；B. ignore忽视；C. stress强调；D. face面对。根据上文“That realization ____12____ brought my worries into a much broader perspective (眼界).”可知，作者通过欣赏星空，感受到了宇宙的浩瀚和地球的长久存在，从而让自己的担忧和焦虑得到了缓解，从更广阔的视角看待生活；结合第一段中“I was struggling earlier in the year”可知，欣赏星空帮助作者面对现实，D项“face面对”表达的含义符合语境，它与前文的struggle和worry共同构成了作者在面对困难时的心态转变过程，从最初的挣扎和担忧，到后来的平静和坦然，这一转变是通过面对现实这一行为来实现，符合语境，故选D项。
30. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：同上。A. train训练；B. gather收集；C. travel旅行；D. recover恢复。根据上文“Plus, that twinkling night sky was just so beautiful — I felt happier and calmer just looking at it. It became our ___13____ to sit at the window every evening, gazing at the stars.”以及下文“outside our four walls”可知，作者通过观察星空，宇宙的浩渺，感受到了一种超越日常生活局限的体验，仿佛坐在室内“遨游”太空。travel“旅行”符合语境，故选C项。
3
（2024·河北邯郸·二模）Janet Kelly and her husband, DaQuan Davis, were out shopping one afternoon when DaQuan’s brother, Demetrius, called in a panic. Some children playing with a lighter in the downstairs apartment 31 a fire, and the whole house was on fire. 32 , Janet’s two youngest children were still inside. But when they got back, they learned that their children were 33 .
That’s when Janet 34 that their dog, named Blue, had played a big role in 35 their youngest daughter. Demetrius 36 the older one of the two children out first, but when he 37 for the younger one, the smoke was 38 and things were falling all around him, Blue had 39 Demetrius outside, and then he ran back into the house for the younger child. “He was circling around my daughter and 40 . Firefighters arrived in minutes. They followed Blue’s sounds to 41 the child,” Janet said.
The family were especially 42 to Blue. “He’s the sweetest dog,” Janet said. “Blue will bark at strangers, but once he knows you’re OK, he’ll drop onto his back for belly rubs.” Blue has clearly been affected by the 43 and he now barks whenever he sees candles or someone lighting a cigarette. 44 , Blue has become a bit of a 45 for the family. Blue, you’re the ultimate good boy
31. A. found B. started C. fought D. stopped
32. A. As a result B. In addition C. On the contrary D. Worse still
33. A. safe B. healthy C. panic D. hungry
34. A. assumed B. learned C. decided D. predicted
35. A. rescuing B. persuading C. contacting D. adopting
36. A. ordered B. took C. picked D. pointed
37. A. looked out B. made room C. went back D. brought food
38. A. gone B. mild C. detectable D. thick
39. A. checked B. threw C. followed D. cheated
40. A. staring B. praying C. listening D. barking
41. A. wake B. locate C. comfort D. direct
42. A. grateful B. rude C. familiar D. generous
43. A. news B. incident C. conflict D. change
44. A. Similarly B. Occasionally C. Apparently D. Surprisingly
45. A. babysitter B. housekeeper C. manservant D. firefighter
【试题说明】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了狗狗布鲁在火灾中帮助救出主人孩子的故事。
【答案】
31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D
【解析】
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些孩子在楼下的公寓里玩打火机，引起了火灾，整个房子都着火了。A. found发现；B. started开始，启动；C. fought斗争；D. stopped停止。由下文“the whole house was on fire”可知，房子着火了，这说明在楼下公寓里玩打火机的孩子们点火了，start a fire意为“点火，生火”，故选B。
32. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，珍妮特最小的两个孩子还在里面。A. As a result结果；B. In addition此外；C. On the contrary相反；D. Worse still更糟糕的是。由下文“Janet’s two youngest children were still inside.”可知，珍妮特最小的两个孩子还在着火的公寓里面，这是糟糕的事情。故选D。
33. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当他们回来的时候，他们知道他们的孩子是安全的。A. safe安全的；B. healthy健康的；C. panic恐慌的；D. hungry饥饿的。由下文“Demetrius_________ the older one of the two children out first,”和“Firefighters arrived in minutes. They followed Blue’s sounds to ________the child”可知，他们的两个孩子都得救了，所以此处指孩子事实安全的，故选A。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，珍妮特得知他们的狗——布鲁，在拯救他们最小的女儿的过程中扮演了重要的角色。A. assumed认为；B. learned学习，得知；C. decided决定；D. predicted预测。由下文“that their dog, named Blue, had played a big role in ________ their youngest daughter.”可知，他们的狗在拯救他们最小的女儿的过程中扮演了重要的角色，这是珍妮特所得知的事情，故选B。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，珍妮特得知他们的狗——布鲁，在拯救他们最小的女儿的过程中扮演了重要的角色。A. rescuing救助；B. persuading劝说；C. contacting联系；D. adopting采取。由下文“Firefighters arrived in minutes. They followed Blue’s sounds to ________ the child”可知，消防员循着狗狗布鲁的声音找到了被困在火灾中的孩子，由此可知，布鲁在拯救他们最小的女儿的过程中扮演了重要角色，故选A。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：德米特里厄斯先把两个孩子中较大的那个带出去，但当他回去找小的那个时，浓烟滚滚，东西掉得到处都是，布鲁跟着德米特里厄斯先把两个孩出去了，然后他跑回房子里去找小的那个孩子。A. ordered命令；B. took拿走，带走；C. picked挑选；D. pointed指出。由下文“the older one of the two children out first,”和上文提到公寓着火了可知，应该是把孩子带出公寓，故选B。
37. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：德米特里厄斯先把两个孩子中较大的那个带出去，但当他回去找小的那个时，浓烟滚滚，东西掉得到处都是，布鲁跟着德米特里厄斯出去了，然后他跑回房子里去找小的那个孩子。A. looked out小心；B. made room腾出空间；C. went back返回；D. brought food带来食物。由下文“then he ran back into the house for the younger childe”和上文提到把较大的孩子带出公寓后，应该是返回去救那个较小的孩子，故选C。
38. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德米特里厄斯先把两个孩子中较大的那个带出去，但当他回去找小的那个时，浓烟滚滚，东西掉得到处都是，布鲁跟着德米特里厄斯出去了，然后他跑回房子里去找小的那个孩子。A. gone用完的；B. mild温和的；C. detectable可检测到；D. thick厚的，浓的。由下文“things were falling all around him”可知，东西掉得哪都是，这说明火势很大，所以说浓烟滚滚，故选D。
39. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：德米特里厄斯先把两个孩子中较大的那个带出去，但当他回去找小的那个时，浓烟滚滚，东西掉得到处都是，布鲁跟着德米特里厄斯出去了，然后他跑回房子里去找小的那个孩子。A. checked检查；B. threw扔；C. followed跟随；D. cheated欺骗。由下文“Demetrius outside and then he ran back into the house for the younger child”可知，布鲁先跟着德米特里厄斯跑出去了，但是他又跑回去救那个较小的孩子，故选C。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它围着我女儿转，还狂吠。A. staring主演；B. praying祈祷；C. listening听；D. barking狗叫。由下文“They followed Blue’s sounds”可知，狗狗布鲁在大叫，所以消防员循着声音找到了较小的那个孩子，故选D。
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“他们循着布鲁的声音找到了那个孩子，”珍妮特说。A. wake叫醒；B. locate确定……的位置；C. comfort安慰；D. direct指引。由上文“They followed Blue’s sounds to”可知，消防员循着狗叫找到了女孩所在的位置。故选B。
42. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全家人都特别感激布鲁。A. grateful感恩的；B. rude粗鲁的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. generous大方的。上文“They followed Blue’s sounds to 11 the child,” Janet said.”提到狗狗布鲁返回着火的公寓中，在被困于火灾的小孩子旁边狂叫，以至于消防员循着声音找到了被困的孩子可知，狗狗帮助救了这个孩子，所以全家人感谢布鲁。故选A。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：布鲁显然已经受到这件事情的影响，他现在每当看到蜡烛或有人点燃香烟的时候都会吠叫。A. news新闻；B. incident事件；C. conflict冲突；D. change改变。由上文“Blue has clearly been affected by the”可知，此处指公寓着火这件事，故选B。
44. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，布鲁已经成为了家里的消防员。A. Similarly相似地；B. Occasionally偶尔；C. Apparently明显地；D. Surprisingly令人惊讶地。由上文“he now barks whenever he sees candles or someone lighting a cigarette”和下文“Blue has become a bit of a _______for the family.”可知，布鲁现在每当看到蜡烛或有人点燃香烟的时候都会吠叫，显然他成了家里的消防员，故选C。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，布鲁已经成为了家里的消防员。A. babysitter保姆；B. housekeeper女管家；C. manservant男仆；D. firefighter消防员。由上文“he now barks whenever he sees candles or someone lighting a cigarette”可知，布鲁现在每当看到蜡烛或有人点燃香烟的时候都会吠叫，这提醒主人注意火灾，由此可知，他成了家里的消防员，故选D。
4
（2023·河北邯郸·三模）Nicholas Bostic works as a pizza maker. He was on his way to get gas one night when he saw 46 leaping from a house. He turned his car around and pulled into the driveway. Then he 47 he’d left his phone at home and couldn’t dial 911.
He ran to the back of the house, found an unlocked door, and 48 inside. All he saw was smoke. He 49 , “Anybody here Get out! Fire!” Not hearing a response, he was about to 50 . Then he saw a teenager at the top of the stairs with some younger kids. Seionna Barrett, 18, was babysitting her four brothers and sisters while their 51 were out. Bostic pushed everyone outside—then Seionna told him a baby was 52 .
Nicholas ran inside but he couldn’t find her. When he got to the stairs that led downstairs, he heard some slight 53 .” The staircase was full of 54 , and the heat seemed unbearable, so he 55 for a moment before plunging (猛冲) down the stairs. He held his breath and followed the crying in the 56 until he reached the baby and quickly lifted her up. He broke open a window with his right fist, 57 wrapped the girl around his left side and leaped two stories to the ground, 58 on his right side, sparing the girl from the force of his fall.
Bostic had saved five 59 in under 15 minutes. There’s only one way to define his action: 60 and heroic.”
46. A. rays B. gases C. flames D. powders
47. A. denied B. realized C. explained D. promised
48. A. rushed B. marched C. drove D. flew
49. A. replied B. scolded C. shouted D. whispered
50. A. rest B. escape C. report D. leave
51. A. parents B. partners C. friends D. neighbours
52. A. injured B. awake C. missing D. anxious
53. A. crying B. singing C. arguing D. talking
54. A. air B. fog C. dust D. smoke
55. A. smelled B. hesitated C. practised D. screamed
56. A. darkness B. shade C. peace D. light
57. A. simply B. tightly C. poorly D. beautifully
58. A. moving B. rolling C. landing D. attacking
59. A. items B. lives C. games D. animals
60. A. creative B. aggressive C. ambitious D. courageous
【试题说明】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nicholas Bostic进入着火的房子里，救出了四个孩子的故事。
【答案】
46. C 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. D
【解析】
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，他在去加油的路上，这时候他看到一些火焰从一所房子升起。A. rays光线；B. gases气；C. flames火焰；D. powders粉末。根据下文“Fire!”可知，房子着火了，他看到了火焰从房子升起。故选C。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他意识到他把手机忘在家里了，无法拨打911。A. denied拒绝；B. realized意识到；C. explained解释；D. promised许诺。根据后文“he’d left his phone at home and couldn’t dial 911”可知，他意识到他把手机忘在家里了，无法拨打911。故选B。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一个人跑到房子后面，发现一扇没锁门，就冲了进去。A. rushed冲；B. marched行军；C. drove开车；D. flew飞。根据后文“Anybody here Get out! Fire!”可知，他冲进了着火的房子。故选A。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他呼喊，“有人在这里吗？快出去！出去！着火了！”Bostic喊道。A. replied回答；B. scolded训斥；C. shouted呼喊；D. whispered低语。根据上文“Get out! Get out! Fire!”可知，他在喊叫让人听到。故选C。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有听到任何回应，他打算离开。A. rest休息；B. escape逃跑；C. report报告；D. leave 离开。根据上文“Not hearing a response”可知，没有听到回应，他想要离开。故选D。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：18岁的Seionna Barrett他们的父母外出时照看四个弟弟妹妹。A. parents父母；B. partners伙伴；C. friends朋友；D. neighbors邻居。根据前文“Seionna Barrett, 18, was babysitting her four brothers and sisters”可知，父母不在的时候，Seionna Barrett照看弟妹。故选A。
52. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Bostic帮助了每个人出去，但后来Seinna告诉他一个婴儿不见了。A. injured受伤的；B. awake醒着的；C. missing找不见的；失踪的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据后文“for the baby”可知，他在房子里找孩子，可知是婴儿不见了。故选C。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他走到通往楼下的楼梯上时，他听到了微弱的哭声。A. crying哭泣；B. singing唱歌；C. arguing争论；D. talking谈话。根据后文“He held his breath and followed the crying in the 　　11　　until he reached the baby and quickly lifted her up.”可知是听到了婴儿的哭声。故选A。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：楼梯上满是烟，而且热得让人难以忍受，所以他犹豫了一会儿才冲下楼梯。A. air空气；B. fog雾；C. dust灰尘；D. smoke烟。根据下文“and the heat seemed unbearable”可知，楼梯上满是烟，而且热得让人难以忍受，故选D。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. smelled闻起来；B. hesitated犹豫；C. practised练习；D. screamed尖叫。根据前文“The staircase was full of 　　9　　, and the heat seemed unbearable”可知，楼梯上满是烟，还热得难以忍受，所以他犹豫了一会儿。故选B。
56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在黑暗中，他屏住呼吸，跟着哭声，直到他走到婴儿身边，迅速把她抱了出来。A. darkness黑暗；B. shade阴凉处；C. peace和平；D. light光。根据前文“The staircase was full of 　　9　　”可知，楼梯上都是烟，一片黑暗。故选A。
57. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他用右拳打破了一扇窗户，把女孩紧紧地抱在身体左侧，然后从两层楼高的地方跳了下来，身体右侧着地，女孩没有受到他摔倒的冲击力。A. simply简直；B. tightly紧紧地；C. poorly糟糕地；D. beautifully美丽地；出色地。根据下文“leaped two stories to the ground, 　　13　　 on his right side, sparing the girl from the force of his fall.”可知，他打算右侧着地，因此把女孩紧紧地抱在左侧。故选B。
58. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. moving移动；B. rolling翻转；C. landing落地；D. attacking攻击。根据上文“wrapped the girl around his left side and leaped two stories to the ground”和下文“sparing the girl from the force of his fall”可知，他左侧抱着孩子，右侧落地，女孩没有受伤。故选C。
59. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bostic在15分钟内救了五个生命。A. items东西；B. lives生命；性命；C. games游戏；D. animals动物。根据前文的讲述和saved可推断，Bostic救了5个人的性命。故选B。
60. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有一种方式来解释他的奉献行为：勇敢和英勇。A. creative有创造性的；B. aggressive挑衅的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. courageous勇敢的。根据后文“heroic”和前文Bostic救人的故事可知，此处解释他的奉献行为，勇敢并英勇，故选D。
5
（2023·河北邯郸·二模）Eric is one of the top salesmen in his company. Having to reach a 61 target every month, he often has to work over time. As a father, he always tries his best to 62 only quality time with his family. So despite a busy 63 he has fulfilling relationships and a happy family. 64 , with all the demands in life, he couldn’t find time to stay 65 and he started to gain a lot of weight. He started to feel 66 easily, and couldn’t quite catch his breath playing with his 5-year-old son.
Eric wanted to be healthy again so that he could manage his life better and most 67 , be able to enjoy his 68 with his boy more. After taking a life assessment, he 69 how little effort he had spent on aspects other than 70 , especially on health.
Eric rearranged his time and made time for 71 . It wasn’t easy at first, as he was still sometimes “too busy” to exercise. But with time, he was able to make exercising every morning his 72 . He would go to sleep early so he could 73 early to do some workouts before going to work. What was even surprising was that his habits slowly 74 his family to build a healthy routine too. Now Eric and his 75 always do exercise together during their family time.
61. A. cost B. saving C. production D. sales
62. A. spare B. spend C. squeeze D. gain
63. A. schedule B. career C. period D. company
64. A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Otherwise
65. A. calm B. healthy C. cool D. independent
66. A. energetic B. worried C. tired D. confident
67. A. importantly B. strangely C. recently D. possibly
68. A. hope B. story C. experience D. time
69. A. decided B. prevented C. supposed D. realized
70. A. money B. fame C. work D. relationship
71. A. dreaming B. exercising C. sleeping D. traveling
72. A. habit B. success C. goal D. secret
73. A. check out B. wake up C. stay up D. leave out
74. A. permitted B. reminded C. influenced D. enabled
75. A. workmates B. team C. neighbors D. family
【试题说明】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了埃里克重新安排自己的工作和生活时间，使自己重新过上健康生活的故事。
【答案】
61. D 62. B 63. A 64. C 65. B 66. C 67. A 68. D 69. D 70. C 71. B 72. A 73. B 74. C 75. D
【解析】
61. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于每个月都要达到销售目标，他经常不得不加班。A. cost花费；B. saving节约；C. production生产；D. sales销售。根据“Eric is one of the top salesmen in his company.”可知，埃里克是推销员，所以要完成销售目标。故选D。
62. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名父亲，他总是尽量只花宝贵的时间和家人在一起。A. spare抽出；B. spend花费；C. squeeze挤压；D. gain获得。spend some time with sb.花点时间和某人在一起。根据“only quality time with his family.”可知，因为埃里克很忙，所以只能花费宝贵的时光陪伴家人。故选B。
63. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，尽管他的日程安排很忙，但他的人际关系很好，家庭也很幸福。A. schedule日程；B. career职业；C. period时期；D. company公司。根据“Having to reach a____1____target every month, he often has to work over time. As a father, he always tries his best to____2____only quality time with his family.”可知，埃里克又要忙于工作，又要陪伴家人，所以日程很忙。故选A。
64. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于生活中的各种需求，他没有时间保持健康，他开始体重增加了很多。A. Therefore因此；B. Besides此外；C. However然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据“with all the demands in life, he couldn’t find time to stay____5____and he started to gain a lot of weight.”可知，前后句之间为转折关系。故选C。
65. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，由于生活中的各种需求，他没有时间保持健康，他开始体重增加了很多。 A. calm平静的；B. healthy健康的；C. cool凉爽的；D. independent独立的。根据“with all the demands in life,”和前文可知，埃里克因为繁忙，所以没有时间保持健康。故选B。
66. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他开始感到很累，和5岁的儿子一起玩耍时，他都喘不过气来。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. worried担心的；C. tired累的；D. confident自信的。根据“and couldn’t quite catch his breath playing with his 5-year-old son.”可知，埃里克感到劳累。故选C。
67. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：埃里克想要恢复健康，这样他就可以更好地管理自己的生活，最重要的是，能够更多地享受和儿子在一起的时光。A. importantly重要地；B. strangely奇怪地；C. recently最近；D. possibly可能地。根据“be able to enjoy his____8____with his boy more.”可知，埃里克想更好地管理自己的生活，最重要的是有更多的时间能够与儿子共度时光。故选A。
68. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃里克想要恢复健康，这样他就可以更好地管理自己的生活，最重要的是，能够更多地享受和儿子在一起的时光。A. hope希望；B. story故事；C. experience经验；D. time时间。根据“Eric wanted to be healthy again so that he could manage his life better and most____7____,”可知，管理自己的生活，目的是有更多的时间能够与儿子共度时光。故选D。
69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在对人生进行评估后，他意识到自己在工作之外的其他方面，尤其是健康方面，付出的努力太少了。A. decided决定；B. prevented阻止；C. supposed假设；D. realized意识到。根据“how little effort he had spent on aspects other than____10____, especially on health.”可知，埃里克意识到自己的状况。故选D。
70. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在对人生进行评估后，他意识到自己在工作之外的其他方面，尤其是健康方面，付出的努力太少了。A. money金钱；B. fame名声；C. work工作；D. relationship关系。根据“how little effort he had spent on aspects”可知，埃里克意识到在工作之外的其他方面的付出。故选C。
71. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：埃里克重新安排了他的时间，腾出时间锻炼。A. dreaming梦想；B. exercising锻炼；C. sleeping睡；D. traveling旅行。根据“It wasn’t easy at first, as he was still sometimes “too busy” to exercise.”可知，埃里克想腾出时间锻炼。故选B。
72. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随着时间的推移，他已经养成了每天早上锻炼的习惯。A. habit习惯；B. success成功；C. goal目标；D. secret秘密。根据“What was even surprising was that his habits slowly____14____his family to build a healthy routine too.”可知，埃里克养成了每天早上锻炼的习惯。故选A。
73. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他会早点睡觉，这样他就可以早起在上班前做一些锻炼。A. check out检验，查核；B. wake up 醒来；唤醒；C. stay up熬夜；D. leave out遗漏。根据“He would go to sleep early”可知，埃里克早点睡觉，为了早上早点醒来做锻炼。故选B。
74. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更令人惊讶的是，他的习惯慢慢地影响了他的家人，让他们也养成了健康的生活习惯。A. permitted允许；B. reminded提醒；C. influenced影响；D. enabled 使能够。根据“his family to build a healthy routine too.”可知，埃里克的好习惯也慢慢地影响了他的家人。故选C。
75. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在埃里克和他的家人总是在他们的家庭时间一起做运动。A. workmates同事；B. team队；C. neighbors邻居；D. family家庭。根据“What was even surprising was that his habits slowly____14____his family to build a healthy routine too.”可知，埃里克和家人在他们的家庭时间一起做运动。故选D。
6
（2023·河北邯郸·一模）Jacqueline’s dream of being a world-class runner began when she was a child in Kenya. She soon realized she had to 76 full-time to improve her performance, which meant not being able to work to help support her family. But she was 77 that the training would make her perfect and she could bring home prize money.
Jacqueline traveled to China to 78 in the Zheng-kai marathon knowing she had a good shot at 79 the race, but more importantly, the $10,000 prize that went with it. She was leading the women’s 80 when a male runner 81 the water station at the 20-kilometer mark. The man was running at a good pace but had trouble 82 water because a birth defect (缺陷) had left him without hands. He 83 to drink from the slippery plastic bottles. But any assistance from fans or race officials would result in his 84 . Jacqueline noticed the man and 85 knew that he needed help. She 86 a water bottle and helped him get the fluid his body needed to 87 the race. Then she ran at his 88 with the bottle and helped him sip (小口喝) while they strode along.
Jacqueline missed out on first place, but she 89 with something more important: her humanity. When asked about the bigger 90 , she said that money isn’t everything.
76. A. perform B. race C. conduct D. train
77. A. worried B. confident C. proud D. energetic
78. A. compete B. struggle C. serve D. adjust
79. A. taking B. losing C. winning D. completing
80. A. division B. movement C. research D. education
81. A. jumped into B. left for C. escaped from D. arrived at
82. A. finding B. drinking C. carrying D. pouring
83. A. planned B. hated C. struggled D. allowed
84. A. imbalance B. unemployment C. disability D. disqualification
85. A. eventually B. gradually C. immediately D. occasionally
86. A. spotted B. grabbed C. emptied D. packed
87. A. complete B. win C. enjoy D. start
88. A. pace B. position C. command D. best
89. A. connected B. helped C. finished D. met
90. A. event B. prize C. dream D. failure
【试题说明】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马拉松选手Jacqueline在中国参加Zheng-kai马拉松比赛时因帮助一位残疾男选手取水耽误了比赛只得到了第二名的成绩，但是她并不觉得遗憾，因为她的行动体现了人性的光辉的故事。
【答案】
76. D 77. B 78. A 79. C 80. A 81. D 82. B 83. C 84. D 85. C 86. B 87. A 88. A 89. C 90. B
【解析】
76. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很快意识到，为了提高自己的表现，她必须接受全职训练，这意味着她无法工作来养家糊口。A. perform表现；B. race比赛；C. conduct行为；D. train训练。根据该句中的“to improve her performance”提高自己的表现，以及下文“ the training ”意味着她无法工作来养家糊口。可推知，此处为Jacqueline意识到为了提高自己的表现，她必须接受全职训练。故选D项。
77. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她有信心，训练会让她变得完美，她可以把奖金带回家。A. worried担心的；B. confident自信的；C. proud自豪的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据下文“that the training would make her perfect and she could bring home prize money.”训练会让她变得完美，她可以把奖金带回家。可知，此处应表示Jacqueline是很有信心的。故选B项。
78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jacqueline来到中国参加Zheng-kai马拉松比赛，她知道自己很有可能赢得比赛，但更重要的是，她知道自己有机会获得1万美元的奖金。A. compete参加比赛；B. struggle斗争；C. serve服务；D. adjust调整。根据句意以及该句中的“in the Zheng-kai marathon”可知，此处为Jacqueline来到中国参加Zheng-kai马拉松比赛。compete in“参加比赛”。故选A项。
79. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jacqueline来到中国参加Zheng-kai马拉松比赛，她知道自己很有可能赢得比赛，但更重要的是，她知道自己有机会获得1万美元的奖金。A. taking带走；B. losing失去；C. winning赢得；D. completing完成。根据下文“but more importantly, the $10,000 prize that went with it.”有机会获得1万美元的奖金，可知，此处应表示Jacqueline知道自己很有可能赢得比赛。故选C项。
80. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一名男子选手到达20公里处的饮水站时，她正在领跑女子组。A. division组；B. movement移动；C. research研究；D. education教育。根据句意以及该句中的“She was leading the women’s”可知，此处应表示Jacqueline正在领跑女子组。 故选A项。
81. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一名男子选手到达20公里处的饮水站时，她正在领跑女子组。A. jumped into跳入；B. left for前往某个地方；C. escaped from从……逃脱；D. arrived at到达。根据该句中的“the water station at the 20-kilometer mark.”以及下文“but had trouble ____7____ water”男子喝水有困难，由此可知，此处应表示这名男子选手到达20公里处的饮水站。故选D项。
82. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个人跑得很快，但是喝水有困难，因为先天缺陷使他没有手。A. finding发现；B. drinking喝；C. carrying携带；D. pouring倒。根据下文“and helped him sip (小口喝)”以及该句中的“because a birth defect (缺陷) had left him without hands.”可推知，这名男子喝水有困难。故选B项。
83. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他努力着从光滑的塑料瓶里喝水。A. planned计划；B. hated讨厌；C. struggled努力；D. allowed允许。根据上文提到的男子因为先天缺陷没有手，以及该句中的“from the slippery plastic bottles.”可推知，此处应表示男子努力着从光滑的塑料瓶里喝水。故选C项。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但粉丝或赛事官员的任何帮助都将导致他被取消资格。A. imbalance失衡；B. unemployment失业；C. disability残疾；D. disqualification取消资格。 根据该句中的But 转折以及下文“any assistance from fans or race officials would result in”可推知，此处应表示粉丝或赛事官员的任何帮助都将导致他被取消资格。故选D项。
85. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Jacqueline注意到了这个人，立刻知道他需要帮助。A. eventually最终；B. gradually逐渐地；C. immediately立刻；D. occasionally偶尔。根据上文“Jacqueline noticed the man”以及下文内容Jacqueline给出的帮助，可知，此处应表示Jacqueline注意到了这个人，知道他立马需要帮助。故选C项。
86. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抓起一个水瓶，帮他补充身体完成比赛所需的水分。A. spotted发现；B. grabbed抓起；C. emptied清空；D. packed打包。根据下文“and helped him get the fluid his body needed to 　　12　　 the race.”帮他补充水分，可知，此处为Jacqueline抓起一个水瓶帮他补充水分。故选B项。
87. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抓起一个水瓶，帮他补充身体完成比赛所需的水分。A. complete完成；B. win赢得；C. enjoy享受；D. start开始。根据该句中的“helped him get the fluid his body”以及“the race.”可知，此处应表示Jacqueline抓起一个水瓶帮他补充水分以便能完成比赛。故选A项。
88. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她拿着瓶子跟着他的步伐跑，帮他喝了一口，而他们则大步向前走。A. pace速度；B. position位置；C. command命令；D. best最好的事物（或人）。根据下文“and helped him sip (小口喝)”可知，Jacqueline拿着瓶子跟着他的步伐跑，保持同一速度，这样才可以帮助他喝水。故选A项。
89. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jacqueline与第一名失之交手，但她赢得了更重要的东西：她的人性。A. connected联系；B. helped帮助；C. finished完成，（比赛中）获得（名次）；D. met遇见。根据上文“Jacqueline missed out on first place”以及该句中的but转折可知，此处应表示虽然Jacqueline与第一名失之交手，但她赢得了更重要的东西。故选C项。
90. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当被问及更大的奖励时，她说钱不是一切。A. event事件； B. prize奖励；C. dream梦想；D. failure失败。根据上文提到的她赢得了更重要的东西，以及下文“she said that money isn’t everything.”可知，此处应表示Jacqueline被问及更大的奖励时，她说钱不是一切。故选B项。

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