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2025年高考英语语法定语从句
定语含义：
修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
（定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词（现在分词或过去分词）、副词、不定式（短语）以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。）
定语从句含义：
修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时在从句中充当某种成分。
先行词：
是被定语从句所修饰的词 （通常是名词或代词）
关系词
1.引导定语从句
2.在从句中替代先行词，
3.在定语从句中充当一定的成分，
（关系代词通常是充当主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。关系副词通常是充当地点状语、时间状语、原因状语）
关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
关系代词 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物/事 主语、宾语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词（the reason） 原因状语
关系代词具体用法：
关系代词 用法 例子
that 先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 ①This is the person that you are looking for. ②This is an old computer that works much slower.
which 先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 ①Mary likes music which is quiet and gentle. ②The film which we saw last night was very interesting.
who/whom 先行词是人， who的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语， whom的先行词只在从句中作宾语。 ①Here comes the man who wants to see you. ②This is the boy who/whom you wants to find.
whose 先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语，后面有名词，表示“……的”。 ①This is the girl whose parents are very busy. ②I'd like a room whose windows are big.
注意：
先行词指物，可用which，也可用that,但下面情况用 that 不用which。
（1）当先行词是 all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, some等不定代词时。
　He did everything that he could to help us.
　When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine.
（2）当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, the last, few, just等修饰时。
　The very air(that)I breathed was filled with sand!
　Many trees line the road, including some pine trees that were first planted during the Ming Dynasty.
（3）当先行词既有人又有物时。
　She described in her diary the people and the places that impressed her most.
（4）当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
The first thing that came into my mind was his words.
It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation that I've ever been in.
（5）当关系代词出现在以who或which开头的疑问句中时，为避免重复，关系代词用that。
Who is the boy that is talking to Tina in English
不可用that的情况：
关系代词前有介词时。
The garden in which a variety of flowers are planted attracts a great many visitors.
在非限制性定语从句中。
He failed in the match, which was a pity.
补充：
whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“·····的”。
whose + n.=the + n. + of whom/which=of which/whom + the + n.
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
　= I live next door to a couple ___________________ often make a lot of noise.
　＝I live next door to a couple_________________often make a lot of noise.
关系副词具体用法：
关系副词 用法 例子
when 表示时间的名词 I want to know the day when he was born.
where 表示地点的名词 He still loves the school where we studied together two years ago.
why 表示原因的名词reason Do you know the reason why he was late for school？
注意：先行词为place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等表示地点的名词或point(地步），case(情况），situation(情形），position(位置），stage(阶段）等表示抽象地点的名词，用where.
关系副词主要有 when, where, why, 在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，常可以用 “介词+ which ”结构代替。
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词前介词的选用
（1）依据定语从句中动词、形容词等的习惯搭配来确定。
（2）依据与先行词的搭配来确定。
（3）根据所表达的意思来确定。
注意
有些“动词（＋名词）＋介词”的固定搭配，如look for, look after, call on，take care of等，不能把介词提到关系代词前。
定语从句分类：
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 与主句之间不用逗号隔开 与主句之间一般用逗号隔开
位置 放在所修饰的先行词后 as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中或句尾
先行词 名词或名词性短语 名词、名词性短语或整个句子
引导词 所有的关系代词和关系副词 除that和why之外的关系代词和关系副词
功能 对先行词进行限定或修饰，去掉定语从句，剩余部分的意义不完整 对先行词作附加说明解释，去掉定语从句后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整
翻译 常译成前置定语 常译成并列分句
as 的用法
（1）as 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式.
such + n. + as... 像...一样的，像...之类的
the same + n. + as... 和...同样的
She is such a girl as is always finding fault with other people.
I have the same book as he has.
（2）as 引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为整个主句或主句中的部分内容。
_______is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.
The moon travels round the earth, __________ is known to everybody.
注意：as用于一些习惯表达：as everybody can see, as is well- known to all, as we had expected, as often happens, as has been said before, as is mentioned above ...
引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词as与关系代词which的异同
关系代词as 关系代词which
不同点 位置 位于句首，句中，句尾 位于主句后
翻译 “正如……” “这，那”
相同点 形式 需要用逗号
特殊情况：
定语从句中的主谓一致问题
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词保持一致。
（1） I作先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词应该与I保持一致。
I, who am your teacher, will try to answer all kinds of questions.
（2）当关系代词as或which 指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
（3）当“one of + the(+形容词最高级）＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。
The Lord of the Rings is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.
当“the only one of + the(+形容词最高级）＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是the only one,从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。
Titanic is the only one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.

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