资源简介

初中英语语法精讲精练专题七 动 词
基础考点1 实义动词和助动词
【考点全解】
1.动词的分类。
分类 例子
实义动词 及物动词 ask, love, hate, say
不及物动词 go, walk, work, die
连系动词 be, become, turn, get, look
助动词 be, do, have, will, shall
情态动词 Will, would, can.could, may
2.实义动词是表示行为、动作或状态的词，可单独作谓语。
例 I live in Beijing with my mother. 我和妈妈住在北京。
It has a round face.它有一张圆脸。
He runs very fast.他跑得非常快。
3.助动词,本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能与实义动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态表示句子的否定与疑问。
例He does not speak English well.
他英语讲得不好。(一般现在时，否定句)
Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast
他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗 (一般过去时，疑问句)
【题模全练】
1.-Mom, |'m sad because I failed my exam again.
-Don't give up. hard and you'll succeed in the end.
A. Study B. Studies C. Studying D. To study
【解析】句意:--妈妈，我很难过，因为我又没通过考试。--不要放弃。努力学习，你最终会成功的。根据题意，可以推断出这是在考查祈使句,祈使句的肯定形式是动词原形开头,故选A。
2.Cindy can't basketball, but she volleyball well.
A.play; plays B.plays; plays D. play; play C.plays; play
【解析】句意:辛迪不会打篮球，但她排球打得很好。根据第一个空前的“can't”,can 是情态动词,后加动词原形，共同构成调语，所以排除B、C选项;第二句是一般现在时，描述现在的情况，she 作主语，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数，排除D选项。故选A。
3. It's nice to sec you again. We each other since 2014.
A. won't see B. don't see C. haven't seen D. didn't see
【解析】句意:很高兴再次见到你。我们从2014年开始就没见过面了。句中出现了“since 2014”“since+时间点”，一般现在时和现在完成时连用，现在完成时的结构是have/has+done，故选C。
基础考点2及物动词和不及物动词
【考点全解】
1.及物动词。
能直接跟宾语的动词称之为及物动词,英语中的动词大多数都是及物动词。及物动词必须接宾语，意思才完整。
例 如果你们有问题，你们可以举手。
If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.√
If you have any questions, you can raise. x
I want to drink two cups of water.我想喝两杯水
Please give me a book.请给我一本书。
Would you like to watch a movie with me tonight 你今天晚上想不想和我一起看电影
2.不及物动词。
本身意义完整，后面不需跟宾语的动词称之为不及物动词。不及物动词可以加宾语，也可以不加宾语。如果加宾语，则需要加上相应的介词，构成一个动词短语。
例listen to me 听我说 listen to sb.听某人讲(说) laugh at...嘲笑...
talk about sth.谈论某事 succeed in sth.在…方面成功
He smiled,他笑了。
He smiled to me.他对我笑了。
Birds fy.鸟会飞。
My watch stopped,我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
3.及物动词与不及物动词的难点解析。
(1)许多动词既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。
例 Who is going to speak at the meeting 谁打算在会上发言
不及物动词
Few people outside China speak Chinese.在中国以外，几乎很少人讲汉语。
及物动词
The door opened. 门打开了。
不及物动词
Someone opened the door.有人打开了门。
及物动词
(2)要特别注意某些动词英汉之间的差异，某些词在英语中是不及物动词，而在汉语中却是及物动词，即所谓的在动词后面不直接接名词的动词。
例 arrive 到达 agree 同意 listen 听
We arrived at the railway station at noon,我们中午到达火车站。
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都饶有兴趣地听着讲座。
Do you agree with me 你同意我的观点吗
【题模全练】
1. As the story , the secret of the castle is discovered little by little.
A. ends B. begins C.develops D. happens
【解析】句意:随着故事的发展,城堡的秘密逐渐被发现了。A选项,end结束;B选项，begin开始;C选项，develop发展;D选项，happen发生。结合句意，故选C。
2.-The school net will be shut down for safety reasons.
That doesn't me at all, I'm not a net-worm, anyway.
A. fit B. worry C. satisfy
【解析】句意:--出于安全考虑，学校网络将被关闭。--我一点儿也不担心，因为我不是一个网虫。A选项，ft合适;B选项，worry担心，烦恼;C选项，satisfy令人满意的。再结合题意我不是网虫，说明断网不让我担心，worry sb.使某人担心;worry about sb.担心某人，故选 B。3. My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn’t to see them after several months away from home.
A. wait B. help C. expect D. afford
【解析】句意:我的父母说他们将要来看我。离开家几个月后，我迫不及待想见他们。can't wait to do sth.译为“等不及想要做某事”;can’t help doing sth,译为“忍不住做某事”;expect 期待，期望;afford 买得起，负担得起。故选A。
4.-Who dinner yesterday
-My sister
A.did; cooked B. cooked; did C.cooked; cooked
【解析】句意:--昨天谁做的晚餐 --是我妹妹做的。根据句中的yesterday，可以判断这句的时态是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，即cooked;中，为了避免重复，cooked换成助动
词 did，故选 B。
5. A new underground Wuxi Shanghai will be built soon.
A. connect; and B. connects; with
C. connected; to D.connecting; to
【解析】句意:一条连接无锡和上海的地下通道即将建成。这里的“连接”有主动的意义，在这里用现在分词短语作定语修饰underground;connect..with….表示“和……有关，和……有联系”connect to表示“把……连接到…”，故选D。
6. My grandma in 1993, she has been for more than twenty years.
A. died; died B. dead; dead
C. died; dead D. dead; died
【解析】句意:我奶奶1993年去世了，她已经死了二十多年了。第一个空，根据“in 1993”这个过去时间的标志，可知动词要用过去式，die的过去式即 died;第二个空，根据“for more than twenty years”可知，表示的是一段时间，因 die是瞬间动词，不能和时间段连用，需要换成be dead，故选C。
进阶考点3 四朵金花--cost/spend/pay/take
【考点全解】
1.cost，译为“价格为”。主语是物，后跟金钱。常用结构“sth.cost(sb.)+ money 某物花费某人多少钱”。
例 It costs me $200.它花了我 200 美金。
The sweater costs 300yuan.这件毛衣花了 300 元。
2.spend，译为“花费”。主语是人，后跟金钱/时间。常用结构有两个:
(1)sb.spend+money/time (in) doing sth.某人花费金钱/时间做某事
例She spent300 yuan (in) buying the sweater.她花 300元买这件毛衣。
He spent three days (in)doing the work.他花了三天做这项工作。
(2)sb.spend+money/time on sth.某人花费金钱/时间在某事上
例She spent300 yuan on the sweater,她花 300元买这件毛衣。
He spent three days on the work.他花了三天做这项工作。
3.pay，译为“支付”。主语是人，后跟金钱。常用结构为“sb.pay+money for sth.某人为某物花了多少钱”。
例I paid $l,500 for my car. 我为我的车花了1500美金。
I paid 300 yuan for the sweater.我为这件毛衣花了 300元。
He paid 3000 yuan for the computer.他为这台电脑花了3000 元。
4.take，译为“花费”。常用结构为“It takes sb.+ time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间”。it 为形式主语，后面接时间。
例 It took me one hour to wash your car.我花了一个小时洗你的车。
It took me three days to do the work. 做这项工作花了我三天时间。
It took them three years to build this road.修这条路花了他们三年时间。
【题模全练】
1. DIY is very popular now, It means you don't need to anyone to do it.
A. pay B. cost C. take D. spend
【解析】句意:DIY现在非常受欢迎。这意味着你不需要付钱给任何人来做这件事。A选项，pay支付;B选项，cost 花费，物作主语;C选项，take花费，其结构为“It takes sb. sometime to do sth.”，表示“花费某人多长时间去做某事”;D选项，spend 花费，其常用结构为“spend+主语+时间+doing sth.，或主语+spend+时间+onsth.”。根据语境，故选A。
2.It takes forty minutes this English class.
A.us; have B.we; has C.us; to have D.we; having
【解析】句意:我们上这节英语课要花四十分钟。It takes sb.some time to do sth.表示“花费某人多长时间做某事”。根据题意，故选C。
3.I have to them 20 pounds for this room each month.
A. pay B. paid C. cost D.took
【解析】句意:我必须每个月为这个屋子花费20英镑。cost的主语是物;take表示“花费”时，所用结构一般是“It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.”;而pay的主语可以是人，所用结构为:“人+pay+金钱+for...”。又因为 have to后接动词原形，故选 A。
基础考点4 连系动词的分类
【考点全解】
1.系动词又称连系动词，表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词。系动词不能单独作谓语必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。
例 We are in Grade Two this year.今年我们上二年级。
2.系动词的分类。
(1)表示“是”的动词be。be动词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中，有不同的形式。
例 He is a teacher他是一名老师。
He was a soldier two years ago.他两年前是一名士兵。
We have been in China for 15 years.我们已经来中国 15 年了。
(2)表示“感觉”“状态”的动词。
例 sound 听起来 smell 闻起来 feel感觉 look看上去
stay 保持 remain 依然 taste尝起来 keep 保持
The weather remained hot after the rain.雨后，天气依然炎热。
(3)表示“变”“变成”的动词。
例 become变得 get 变得 grow 长得 tum 变得
She became a college student. 她成了一名大学生。
He feels sick. His face turns white.他感觉很不舒服。他的脸色变得苍白。
The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.
春天来了，天气变得暖和些了，白天也变得较长些了。
【题模全练】
1. When spring comes, the days longer.
A. get B. turn C. change D. grow
【解析】句意:当春天来临的时候，白天变得更长了。根据题意，可知应选系动词get，后加形容词作表语，故选A。
2. The apples sweet. Would you like another one
A. look B. feel C. smell D.taste
【解析】句意:苹果尝起来很甜。你想要再来一个吗 根据“Would you like another one ”可知刚刚已经吃过了，并且尝起来很甜，taste表示“尝起来”，故选D。
3. Your clothes too bad. You must have smoked too much.
A. smell B. look C. sound D. feel
【解析】句意:你的衣服闻起来太糟糕了。你一定吸了很多烟。根据第二句“You must have smoked too much.”可知你的衣服闻起来太糟糕了，smell 表示“闻起来”，故选 A。
进阶考点5感官动词的用法
【考点全解】
1.感官动词后常接形容词作表语。
例 The apple tastes delicious.苹果尝起来很美味。
The living room smells terrible.客厅闻起来很糟糕
He looks angry.他看起来很生气。
The cat feels soft.这只猫摸起来很软。
2.感官动词后可接介词 like 短语，like 后面常用名词。
例You look like your dad.你看起来像你的爸爸。
That sounds like a good idea.那听起来是一个好主意。
It smells like rotten eggs.它闻起来像臭鸡蛋。
It tastes like chocolate.它尝起来像巧克力。
It feels like silk,它摸起来像丝绸。
【题模全练】
1.-Do you know the song Where Has the Time Gone
-Sure.It beautiful. I like it a lot.
A. smells B. tastes C. sounds D. looks
【解析】句意: --你知道“时间都去哪儿了”这首歌吗 ---当然啦。它听起来很优美。我很喜欢。smell闻起来;taste 尝起来;sound听起来;look看起来。根据语境，故选C。
2.-Can I have the bread on the plate
-Sure, it tastes .
A. good B. well C. bad D. Badly
【解析】句意:--我可以吃盘子里的面包吗 --当然可以，它味道很好。taste为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，所以排除B、D选项。根据题意，故选A。
3. The food smells . I don't like it.
A. well B. good C. bad D. Terribly
【解析】句意:这些食物闻起来很难闻。我不喜欢。A选项，we良好的，健康的;B选项，good好的，不错的;C选项，bad坏的;D选项，terribly副词，非常地，极度地。根据下文“我不喜欢它”，可知前文指的是“这些食物闻起来很不好”。本句中smell用作系动词，后面接形容词作表语，故选C。
进阶考点6既是实义动词又是连系动词的动词
【考点全解】
1. look
(1)作实义动词，译为“看”。
例He is looking at the picture.他正在看那幅画。
(2)作连系动词，译为“看起来”
例 Itlooks beautiful,它看起来很漂亮。
2.feel
(1)作实义动词，译为“摸，碰”。
例 I felt someone touch my arm,我感觉有人碰我的胳膊。
(2)作连系动词，译为“感觉起来”。
例 Are you feeling better today than before 你今天感觉比之前好些了吗
(1)作实义动词，译为“嗅”。
3. smell
例My cousin likes to smell the apple before she eats it. 我表姐喜欢在吃苹果前先闻它的味道。
(2)作连系动词，译为“闻起来”。
例Great! The flowers smell nice.太棒了!这些花闻起来很香。
4. sound
(1)作实义动词，译为“弄响;发音”。
例The letter “h”in houris not sounded.字母“h”在单词“hour”中不发音。
(2)作连系动词，译为“听起来”。
例The gun sounded much closer. 听起来枪声更近了。
5.taste
(1)作实义动词，译为“品尝”。
例Please taste the soup.请尝尝这道汤。
(2)作连系动词，译为“尝起来”。
例 The soup tastes terrible.这汤味道糟糕透了
6. get
(1)作实义动词、译为“得到;获得”。
There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.
桌子上有一些香蕉。你们每个人都可以拿一个。
(2)作连系动词，译为“变得”。
例 It is getting cold 天气越来越冷。
7. grow
(1)作实义动词，译为“生长;种植”。
例Do you grow rice in your country 你们国家种植水稻吗
(2)作连系动词，译为“变得”。
例lt's too late.lt's growing dark.太晚了。天都变黑了。
8. turn
(1)作实义动词，译为“转动;翻动”。
例The earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
(2)作连系动词，译为“变得”。
When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.
春天来了，树变绿了，花儿也开了。
Q要点提开
grow,gel,tum 既可以作连系动词，又可以作实义动词。判断这三个词在句中是作连系动词还是实义动词的方法是用be动词替换,句子如果仍然成立,则是连系动词,反之是实义动词。
例The trees turn green when spring comes.春天来临，树叶变绿。
The trees are green when spring comes.句子成立，所以上句的tum是连系动词。
The earth turns around the sun,地球绕着太阳转。
The earth is around the sum.这句话不成立，所以上句的 tum 是实义动词。
【题模全练】
1.-Good morning. I'd like a birthday gift for my mother.
-What about this scarf It is beautiful and it soft and smooth.
A. feels B. looks C. seems D.becomes
【解析】句意:--早上好。我想给我妈妈买一件生日礼物。--这条围中怎么样 它很漂亮,而且摸起来柔软光滑。根据句意，it指代scarf，摸起来用感官动词feel，故选A。
2.-The flowers are very beautiful in the park.
Yes, and they sweet
A. smell B. taste C. sound D. look
【解析】句意:一公园里的花很漂亮。-一是的，而且它们闻起来很香。闻起来用感官动词smell，故选A。
3.-Do you like the songs by Taylor
-Yes. Country music nice and is full of feelings.
A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. Looks
【解析】句意:--你喜欢泰勒的歌吗 --是的。乡村音乐听起来很好听并且充满感觉。听起
来用感官动词sound，故选A。
4, I like dumplings, but these dumplings a little bit too salty.
A. look B. sound C. smell D. taste
【解析】句意:我喜欢吃饺子，但是这些饺子尝起来有点威。taste译为“尝起来”，故选D。5. | will send you a message as soon as l the news.
A. get B. gets C. got D. getting
【解析】句意:我一得到消息就给你发信息。根据句中的as soon as，可以推测出这里用主将从现,从句用一般现在时，所以排除C、D选项，又因为“”作主语，所以排除B选项，故选A。
进阶考点7 持续性动词和瞬间性动词的区别
【考点全解】
1.持续性动词:
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间的动词。常见的持续性动词有:
study,play,do,read,learn, drive, write, clean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。
2.瞬间性动词:
表示一个动作或过程发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。常见的瞬间性动词有:
begin,start,finish,go,come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend.happen, join, lose, die 等。
3.持续性动词和瞬间性动词的区别。
(1)相同:都能用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止结束。
例 He has studied English for three years.他已经学英语三年了
He has joined the Party.他已经人了党。
Mom isn’t at home. She has gone to the library,妈妈不在家。她去图书馆了。
(2)不同:持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，如“for+一段时间”“since+从句”“since+表示时间点的名词”“how long”等，而瞬间性动词则不能。
例His parents have talked with the teacher for half an hour.
他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。
My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.
我父母从1950年起就住在上海了。
【题模全练】
1.-I'm sorry for being late.
-Never mind. The meeting for only 5 minutes. This way, please.
A. has begun B. has ended C. has been on D.began
【解析】句意:-我很抱歉迟到了。--不要介意。会议只开始了5分钟。请这边走。由句中的“for only 5 minutes”，可知这是一段时间，需要选择能和时间段连用的动词，选项中的begin，不是延续性动词，和时间段连用时，需要把begin换成be on，结合主语“The meeting”，可知现在完成时的结构是 has been on，故选C。
2.-ls that a new coat
No, I it for a long time.
A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. had
【解析】句意:--那是一件新外套吗 --不，我已经买很久了。由句中的“for a longtime”，可知这是一段时间，需要选择能和时间段连用的动词，选项中的bought原形是buy，不是延续性动词，和时间段连用时，需要把buy换成have，综合主语I变成现在完成时结构就是have had，故选C。
3. My parents America for 50 years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
【解析】句意:我父母在美国已经50年了。本题考查现在完成时，根据题干中的“for 50 years”可知，需要选择一个可以和时间段连用的结构。A选项，have been in表示在某地待了多少时间，常与时间段连用;B选项,have been to表示有去有回;C选项,have gone to表示有去无回;D选项have been后要跟地点时需加介词。结合题意，故选A。
动词 专题突破
【实义动词和助动词辨析】
1.-Hi, Peter!
-Hi, Tom. l know you here.How long have you been here
A. don't; are B. didn't; are
C. didn’t; were D. don't; were
2.- your friend Tim have a new i-Pad
-No, he doesn't, but I have one.
A. Are B. Do C. Is D. Does
3. If you find free WiFi in public places, you a password.
A. needn't B. don't need to
C. needn't to D. don't need
4. The accident when we our school.
A. was happened; returned to
B. happened; returned back
C. happened; returned to
D. was happened; was returning to
5.-Tomorrow is Sunday. What's your plan
-I will go camping with my cousin if my brother to help Dad work in our garden.
A. agree B. agrees C. agreed D. will agree
6. Careless driving many terrible traffic accidents every year.
A. causes B. refuses C. happens D. carries
7. Many children their teachers and parents.
A. depend B. decide C. depend on D. refuse
8.-The dress me 500 yuan.
-Really It's nice on you!
A. paid for B. cost C. spent D. taken
9. It will us several years to learn a foreign language well.
A. cost B. take C. spend D. use
10. The Grade 8 students will about two hours on the trip and the is 50 per person.
A. take; cost B. spend; price
C. take; price D. spend; cost
1 1. It will take me two weeks the work.
A. finish B. finishing C. finishes D. to finish
12.I two hours the novel last night. It's interesting.
A. spend; reading B. spent; reading
C. spent; to read D. spend; to read
13. When you break the rules, you should to your teacher.
A. apologize B. introduce C. expect D. compare
14. It is necessary for schools to the need of all the students’ development.
A. cut B. hide C. refuse D. satisfy
15.--I heard you worked in a good company.
-Yes, the boss is kind and the company free lunch for us every day.
A. has B. eats C. feeds D. provides
【系动词辨析】
16.-How much do l pay for it
_Ten dollars enough.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
17.Two months a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.
A. am B.is C. are D. were
18.-There are so many visitors in Slender West Lake in spring.
-Yes, and ninety percent from all over the country.
A.is B. are C.was D.were
19. Please the blackboard.
A. look B. look at C.see D. look for
20.-Why do you so upset
-Because I didn't get the first place in the English competition.
A. look B. sound C. smell D. feel
21.I saw Mr. White when l walked past his office.
A. draw B. to draw C. drew D. drawing
22.-What do you think of the fish
-It looks , but tastes .
A. good; bad B. well; bad
C. well; badly D. good; badly
23. Yesterday I talked to Amy on the phone and she happy.
A. looked B. sounded C. smelled D. tasted
24. There are so many fish swimming in the pool.They very happy.
A. taste B. smell C.sound D.look
25. The air fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue.
A. feels B. tastes C. smells D. sounds
【持续性动词和瞬间性动词辨析】
26.-The boy misses his parents very much.
-So he does. They the hometown for nearly two years.
A. have left B. will leave C. have been away from D. left
27. My brother the army since he was eighteen.
A. has joined B. has been in C. joined D. has been to
28. David has abroad for three days.He will come back soon.
A. gone B. been C. gone to D. been in
29. The plane on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather.
A. ran B. moved C. shook D. remained
参考答案：
1-5 CDDCB 6-10 ACBBD 11-15 DBADD 16-20 ABBBA
21-25 DABDC 26-29 CBBD

展开更多......

收起↑