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Unit 2
UNIT 2
No Rules, No Order
Imperatives; Modal verbs (can, have to, must)
能够理解并归纳祈使句的句式结构、表意功能和用法。
能够理解区分情态动词can、must、have to，以及句子的结构特点和它们的表意功能。
能够在语境中准确使用祈使句和情态动词，做到自然得体。
Let’s listen to a song and complete the blanks.
______let them in, ______ let them see
______ the good girl you always
have to be
Conceal, don't feel
______ let them know
Well, now they know
________ _______
Can't hold it back anymore
Let it go, let it go
______ away and slam the door
I don't care what they're going to say
______ the storm rage on
The cold never bothered me anyway
Don't
don't
Be
don't
Let it go, let it go
Turn
Let
Don't let them in, don't let them see
Be the good girl you always have to be
Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know
Well, now they know
Let it go, let it go
Can't hold it back anymore
Let it go let it go
Turn away and slam the door
What do they have in common
动词原形开头
没有主语
句子单词数量较少
表示“劝告”
祈使句
Read the sentences. Do the verbs in red need to change forms Why
Walk in the hallway. Don’t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter.
No, they don’t.
Because they are imperative sentences.
祈使句
英语句子按照用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。
祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，否定式在动词原形前加don’t。
Be the good girl you always have to be
Let it go, let it go
Turn away and slam the door
Let the storm rage on
肯定祈使句
Don't let them in, don't let them see
否定祈使句
以动词be开头，简称Be型。
以行为动词原形开头，简称Do型。
以Let开头，简称Let型。
Come in!
Don’t come in!
Do型祈使句
Go along this street and turn left.
Practise the guitar every day.
Don’t practise the guitar every day.
肯定：动词原形+宾语 +其它成分
否定：在句首加don’t。
Be careful when you cross the street.
肯定： Be+表语 (名词或形容词 + 其它成分)
否定： 句首加don’t。
Be型祈使句
Be quite in the library.
Don’t be late for class.
Let型祈使句
Let’s go!
Don’t let him go.
Let’s not go there.
肯定： Let +宾语+动词原形 +其它成分
否定： 句首加don’t / Let + not +动词原形 +其它成分
常用于第一人称和第三人称，表示建议和劝说等。
为表示礼貌，祈使句经常在句首或句末加please。
句开用please时，前面通常加逗号。
e.g. Please write and tell me about yourself.
Please call Karen at 555-8823.
Come in, please.
注意：
“No+名词/动词 ing形式”表示禁止或规劝，常用于公共场所。
e.g.
No photos! 禁止拍照！
No smoking！ 禁止吸烟！
Find more imperative sentences in “Section A”.
Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time.
Don’t run in the hallways.
Don’t eat in the classroom.
Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy.
Wear the school uniform.
Be polite and treat everyone with respect.
Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question.
动词原形开头
Don’t+ 动词原形开头
1) 快点走。
Walk quickly.
2) 别让他们说话。
Don’t let them talk.
3) 安静点！
Be quiet!
4) 不要在这儿吃东西。
Don’t eat here.
【语境应用】翻译句子。
5) 在走廊要走。
Walk in the hallway.
6) 不要跑。
Don’t run!
7) 安静点，要互相尊重
Be quiet and treat one another with respect.
8) 不要乱扔垃圾。
Don’t litter.
Let’s learn some new words and phrases.
queue n. 队
jump the queue 插队
wait for 等待
When we go to the library, we cannot jump the queue; we must wait for our turn.
leave v. 离开；留下
absent adj. 缺席的；不在的
be absent from 缺席；不在
A: Hey, I need to go to the library to return some books. Can I leave the class
B: I’m afraid you can’t. Don’t be absent from the class.
quietly adv. 轻声地；安静地
noise n. 声音；噪声
In the library, we should read books quietly and not make noise.
在图书馆里，我们应该安静地看书，不要吵闹。
belt n. 安全带；腰带；皮带
feed v. 喂养；饲养
Put on your seat belt before the car starts moving.
在汽车开始行驶之前，请系好安全带。
Please feed the dog before you go to school.
上学前请喂狗。
Have a think:
1. 情态动词在用法上有什么共同点？
2. can在本单元主要表示什么含义？它还可表达什么意思？
3. have to在句法上与其他情态动词有何区别？
You mustn’t litter. /
You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No, we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class No, we can’t eat in class.
We have to eat in the dinning hall.
和动词原形连用
表许可；表能力
Read the sentences. Do the verbs in red need to change forms Why
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如请求、许可、意愿、可能等。
在形式上，情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。
有的情态动词没有时态的变化，如must。
情态动词本身不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用。
常见的情态动词有can、may、must、have to、should、would等。
情态动词一般有多个意义。
情态动词的否定式一般是在其后加not构成，一般疑问句通常将它提到句首。
情态动词的肯定式一般不重读。
can, have to, must
can和could的用法
1. 表示能力。
e.g. We can speak a little English.
I can play badminton, but I can’t play volleyball.
He could swim when he was only six.
2. 表示许可。
e.g. You can play basketball at the weekend.
We can’t run in the hallways.
Father said I could swim in the pool.
3. 表示请求。
e.g. Can you help me with my Chinese
could也可表示请求，但比can的语气更委婉。
e.g. Could you tell him to call me back
肯定句:
主语+can/could+动词原形+其他.
否定句：
主语+can not (can’t) / could not (couldn’t) +动词原形+其他.
一般疑问句:
Can/Could+主语+动词原形+其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+can.
否定回答：No, 主语+can’t.
特殊疑问句式：
疑问词(不作主语) + can/could +主语+动词原形 (+其他)
情态动词can/could的句型结构:
e.g. My sister can dance.
—Can they play the guitar
—Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.
Can we go out for dinner with my friend
Could you go to the bookshop with me
What can you do
must的用法
must表示“必须”。
e.g. Don’t arrive late for class. We must be on time.
You must read a book before you watch TV.
have to的用法
have to表示“不得不；必须”。
e.g. We have to be quiet in the library.
She has to do her homework first when she get home.
have to表示“必须”时，与must意义很接近，有时可与must互换。
它们在以下方面有所不同。
1) must通常表示的是说话人的主观看法，语气比较强烈，have to往往强调客观需要。
e.g. We must hurry. I don’t want to miss the beginning of the show.
We have to hurry. The train is leaving in five minutes.
e.g. We have to / must follow the rules.
2) 它们的否定含义大不相同。
mustn’t表示“不准；禁止”
don’t have to表示“不必”
e.g. You mustn't talk to your mother like that.
You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.
3) must没有人称和数的变化，而have to有人称和数的变化。
e.g. I / We / You / They must do something about it.
I have to finish my work today.
She has to work late today.
They have to get to the station before vie o’clock.
1) 你不能乱扔垃圾。
You mustn’t litter. / You can’t litter.
2) 我们能把手机带到教室吗？
我们不可以。我们必须把它们放在我们的柜子里。
Can we bring our phones to class
No, we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
【语境应用】翻译句子。
3) 我们可以在教室吃零食吗？
不，我们不能在教室吃。我们必须在餐厅吃。
Can we eat snacks in class
No, we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dinning hall.
Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn’t.
Don’t jump the queue. You ____________ wait for your turn.
You __________ feed my dog many kinds of food, but I ___________ give him chocolate. It is bad for him!
A: Can I leave the class if I don’t feel well
B: Yes, but you ______________ tell your teacher about it when you _____________ be absent from class.
must / have to
can
can’t
must / have to
have to
4. A: Hey! Can I look at your book
B: Shh, we _______________ talk quietly in the library.
5. A: Can you put on your seat belt We ______________ wear one when we’re in a car.
B: Sure. Thanks!
must / have to
can, have to / must, can’t / mustn’t
must / have to
Look at the first sign and read the rules.
Then write rules for the other signs.
Do not eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
You can’t / mustn’t eat or drink.
Do not feed the birds.
No swimming.
No photos.
No photography.
Do parking.
In groups, brainstorm three rules for one of the places below. Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean.
library school dining hall park cinema hospital
In the library, we must keep quiet. We mustn’t make noise. We can’t…
Make rules for the computer room in your school.
Computer Room Rules
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Computer Room Rules
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
We must be quiet in the computer room.
Don’t eat or drink in the computer room.
Don’t run in the computer room.
Wear slippers in the computer room.
Clean the computer room every day.
queue n. 队
jump the queue 插队
1. Don’t jump the queue. 不要插队。
e.g. *the bus queue 排队等候公共汽车的人
*We stood in a queue for half an hour.
我们排了半个小时的队。
* You must never jump the queue.
你绝不能插队。
2. You must wait for your turn. 你必须等到轮到你。
wait for 等待
wait for sb. to do sth
e.g. *They are waiting for their teacher.
他们正在等他们的老师。
*They are waiting for Jim to come here.
他们正在等Jim来这里。
【语境应用】请根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。
1) 你妈妈正在等你呢。
Your mother ___________________ you.
2) 我很快就回来。请在家里等着。
I’m coming back soon. Please _________________.
3) 他们正等着见你呢。
They ____________________.
is waiting for
wait at home
are waiting to see you
leave v. 离开
3. Can I leave the class if I don’t feel well
如果我不舒服，我可以离开教室吗？
e.g. * You can leave the room now.
你现在可以离开屋子了。
*He's going to leave Beijing in June.
他计划六月份离开北京。
leave for 去往……
e.g. She's leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.
明天早上她将去往上海。
leave v. 留下
e.g. *Please leave your book on the desk.
请将你的书放在桌子上。
*Don't leave things in taxis.
不要把东西落在出租车里。
【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词(含缩略形式)。
1) 不要把书落在家里。
Don't ________ books at home.
2) 你将去往上海吗？
Are you ________ ________ Shanghai
3) 他每天几点离开家？
What time does he ________ ________ every day
leave
leaving for
leave home
absent adj. 缺席的；不在的 反义词：present 出席；
be absent from 缺席；不在
4. …when you have to be absent from class.
当你不得不缺课的时候。
e.g. *A: Lucy, now who is absent from the meeting
B: Alice. She is very busy, so she won't come.
Lucy, 现在谁缺席会议了？
Alice。她今天非常忙，所以她不来了。
*Mr. Miller is absent from work because he goes to a doctor. Mr. Miller今天没上班因为他去看医生了。
【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子。
如果你经常缺课，你就会考试不及格。
If you __________________________, you will fail the examination.
are always absent from class
noise n. 声音；噪声（可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词）
make noise / make a noise 吵闹；制造噪音
5. We mustn’t make noise. 我们不能制造噪音。
e.g. *I can't sleep because there's too much noise.
我睡不着，因为噪音太大了。
*Don’t make noise in public places.
不要在公共场所吵闹。
Voice
noise通常指噪音，指人们听到的不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声或任何令人讨厌的声音。
sound指听到的声音或响声，用作可数名词，泛指自然界的各种声音或响声，包括人声、鸟声、流水声等。
voice指人口中发出的声音，如说话声、歌唱声。
虽然sound可以泛指一切声音，但在具体运用时，如果能确定声音属于voice或noise，则一般不使用sound。
e.g. *Mr Black doesn’t like the noise outside his office.
*Gina likes listening to the sound of running water.
*My music teacher has a good voice. She can sing songs very well.
【语境应用】选词填空
1) Did you hear the beautiful _______ of music from that classroom
2) “Can I go with you ” the boy asked in a small _______.
3) The machine made so much _______ and we had to shout to each other.
sound
voice sound noise
voice
noise
1. Jim, you ___________ clean your room now. It’s so dirty.
2. You ___________ eat too much ice-cream. It’s not healthy.
3. Cindy lives with her grandparents and she __________ see her parents only on weekends.
4. My bike doesn’t work so I ____________ walk to school.
5. You ____________ do your homework right now. You __________ do it after dinner.
can’t
must
can
must / have to
can, can’t, must, have to, don’t have to
I. 根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空。
don’t have to
can
Ⅱ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词(含缩略形式)。
1. You can’t draw on the desk. (改为祈使句)
_______ _______ on the desk.
2. —Can you talk in the library (补全否定答语)
—No, _______ _______.
3. Steve has to go home before seven. (改为否定句)
Steve _______ _______ _______ go home before seven.
4. Jane has to exercise every day. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
— _______ Jane _______ _______ exercise every day
—_______, _______ _______.
I / we can’t
Don’t draw
doesn’t have to
Does have to
Yes she does
Review Grammar Focus.
Preview Section B.
Read the new words.
Read Alice’s letter.
Make a poster about your family
rules.
I can
理解并归纳祈使句的句式结构、表意功能和用法。
理解区分情态动词can、must、have to，以及句子的结构特点和它们的表意功能。
在语境中准确使用祈使句和情态动词。

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