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2025届高考英语热点素材积累(10)
书面表达素材：中国传统文化
第一部分 传统节日
中华民族传统文化博大精深,源远流长。我们在吸收外来文化的同时,也要弘扬我们的传统文化。根据教育部教育考试院最新发布的高考英语权威解读, 弘扬中华文化,增强文化自信是高考命题的一个大方向。因此高考英语写作命题致力于考查学生的中华文化素养,以及用英语传播中国文化的能力。
春节
The Spring Festival, the most important festival for Chinese people, is a time for all family members to get together, just like Christmas in the West.
春节是中国人民最重要的节日,就像西方的圣诞节一样,是家人团聚的时光。
Spring Festival couplets are composed of two lines written on two scrolls vertically pasted on both sides of the door and a four-character horizontal scroll above the doorframe. Whether the family is rich or poor, educated or ignorant, they paste Spring Festival couplets to express their best wishes for the coming new year.
春联由两幅长卷纸组成, 纸上写有两行字, 垂直贴在门口两侧, 还包括贴在门框上方的四字横幅。每家每户都要贴上春联,以表达对新年的美好祝愿。
On Chinese New Year’s Eve, the whole family sit around the dinner table to enjoy a feast together. This meal is usually made with the entire family working together, and it is usually the most sumptuous meal of the year.
在除夕这天, 全家都围坐在餐桌旁共享大餐。做年夜饭通常是全家一起动手,也通常是一年之中最丰盛的一餐。
Everybody dresses up on the first day of the first lunar month. First, children extend greetings to their elders. Then they will get lucky money as a New Year’s gift, wrapped up in a red envelope.
大年初一,人们盛装打扮。孩子们先给长辈拜年, 然后每人都会得到一份新年礼物一用红包装着的压岁钱。
The Spring Festival in China symbolizes reunion, prosperity and new hopes for the future. Wherever they are, people will have a family reunion during the festival, decorating the houses with lanterns and festoons and sending best wishes to each other.
中国春节象征着团圆、兴旺以及对未来寄予新的希望。无论在哪里, 人们都会在节日期间与家人一起过春节,张灯结彩,互道祝福。
Words and Expressions 1 get together 聚会; 聚集 ⑧ symbolize vt.象征；代表 ② scroll n.(供书写的)长卷纸 9 reunion n.重逢；团圆 ③ vertically adv.垂直地 10 prosperity n.兴旺；繁荣；昌盛 ④ horizontal adj.水平的；横的 festoon n.彩灯；花彩 ⑤ sumptuous adj.豪华的；奢华的 12 拜年 extend Spring Festival greetings; ⑥dress up 打扮；装饰；穿上盛装 pay a New Year’s call
⑦ extend vt.提供；给予 守岁 stay up late on Lunar New Year’s Eve 14 迎春纳福 May you welcome happiness with the spring
元宵节
In the Chinese language, “yuan/元”means the first and “xiao/宵”is night. So the full-moon night of the first lunar month (usually on the fifteenth day) is called the Yuan xiao Festival.
在汉语中,“元”是指“第一”,“宵”指“夜晚”。因此,正月的满月之夜(通常在第十五天)被称为元宵节。
Yuan xiao is the special food for the Lantern Festival. It is a kind of sweet dumplings, which are made of glutinous rice flour filled with sweet stuffing. It is very easy to cook-simply tip them into a pot of boiling water and wait for a few minutes.
元宵是元宵节的特色食品。它是一种带馅儿的甜食, 是由糯米粉加上甜的馅料制成。元宵的烹制方法非常简单, 将元宵倒入水已烧开的锅中煮几分钟就可以吃了。
In the daytime of the Lantern Festival, performances such as dragon lantern dances, lion dances, land boat performances and the yangge are staged. At night, except for magnificent lantern shows, fireworks form a beautiful scene. When the first full moon of the New Year appears, people become really intoxicated by the imposing fireworks and bright moon in the sky.
元宵节在白天有舞龙灯、舞狮、划旱船和扭秧歌。而在晚上,除了大型灯会,烟火也构成了一幅美丽的画卷。当新年的第一轮圆月出现时, 人们都会陶醉于壮观的烟火和夜空的明月之中。
Solving riddles has been a special activity on the Lantern Festival since ancient times. The riddles are written on paper sheets put up on the colorful lanterns for people to solve. And the quiz-play brings people much fun.
自古以来猜谜就是元宵节的一项特殊活动。彩灯上张贴着一条条写好的谜语供人们来猜。 这种智力游戏带给人们很多乐趣。
The Lantern Festival marks the end of the New Year celebrations. And after the Lantern Festival, everything returns to normal.
元宵节标志着新年庆祝活动的结束。元宵节过后,一切者恢复正常。
Words and Expressions
① glutinous adj.黏的；胶质的 ⑦舞狮 lion dances
② glutinous rice 糯米 ⑧灯会 lantern shows/displays ③ stuffing n.填料 ⑨赏月 appreciate/enjoy/admire the full moon
④ intoxicated adj.陶醉的；极度兴奋的 10 猜灯谜 solve lantern riddles
⑤imposing adj.壮观的；使人印象深刻的 赏花灯 enjoy beautiful lanterns
⑥元宵节 the Lantern Festiva1;the Yuanxiao 12 元宵庙会 the Lantern Festival’s temple fair Festival
清明节
The Qingming Festival (also known as Pure Brightness Festival or Tomb-sweeping Day) is a festival to worship ancestors and dead relatives in China, which usually falls on either April 4 or 5 of the Gregorian calendar. It can be traced back to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC-256 BC), with a history of over 2,500 years.
清明节在中国是祭祀祖先和已故亲人的节日,通常在公历的 4 月 4 日或 5 日。它可以追溯到东周时期(公元前 770 年一公元前 256 年),有 2500 多年的历史。
The Qingming Festival is a time of many different activities, among which the main ones are tomb-sweeping, spring-outing and kite-flying. It is a combination of sadness and happiness.
清明节活动丰富多样,其中最主要的是扫墓、踏青和放风筝。这个节日既有悲伤又有快乐。
The uniqueness of kite-flying during the Qingming Festival lies in that people may cut the string to let the kite fly freely. People believe that this custom can bring good luck and remove diseases. This is why you might sometimes find paper kites lying on the ground in parks and fields.
清明节放风筝的独特之处在于人们会剪断风筝线, 让风筝自由飞翔。人们相信这一习俗能带来好运并除病消灾。这就是为什么有时你会在公园和田野里发现地上有纸风筝。
The Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival. As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming Festival, they were later combined.
过去寒食节通常是在清明节的前一天。由于我们的祖先经常把这一节日延续到清明节,后来这两个节日就合并成一个了。
In the South of China, people like to eat qingtuan when going on spring outings during the Qingming Festival. It is a seasonal snack made of a mixture of glutinous rice flour and green plant juice, which is stuffed with sweet mashed beans, dried meat floss and egg yolks. While in the North of China, people eat cold snacks like date cakes and pastries prepared before the Qingming Festival.
在中国南方, 人们在清明节出游时喜欢吃青团。这是一种时令小吃, 由糯米粉和绿色植物汁混合制成,以甜豆沙、肉松和蛋黄为馅。而在中国北方,人们会吃枣糕和油酥糕点等冷食, 这些冷食是在清明节前做好的。
Words and Expressions
① worship vt.敬奉
② Gregorian calendar 格列高利历；公历
③ combination n.结合体；联合体；混合体
④ date n.枣
⑤ pastry n.油酥糕点
⑥ 清·明 节 the Qingming Festival; Tomb-Sweeping Day
⑦ 清 明 ( 节 气 )Clear and Bright; Pure
Brightness
⑧节气 solar terms
⑨扫墓 sweep the tombs
10 踏青 spring outings; have an outing in
spring
甜豆沙 mashed sweet beans
肉松 dried meat floss
13蛋黄 egg yolks
端午节
The most popular legend about the Dragon Boat Festival is the story of Qu Yuan. As a minister in the State of Chu, one of the seven Warring States, Qu Yuan was a patriotic poet who wrote a lot of works to show his loyalty and devotion to his country. After he was exiled by the king, he would rather drown himself in the river than see his country invaded and conquered by the State of Qin. He died on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, and thus people decided to commemorate him on that day every year.
关于端午节最受欢迎的传说是屈原的故事。屈原是战国七雄之一的楚国的大臣,也是一位爱国诗人,他写了很多作品来表达他对国家的热爱和忠诚。被楚王流放后,他宁愿投河自尽, 也不愿看到自己的国家被秦国侵略占领。他死于农历五月初五,因此人们决定在每年的这一天来纪念他。
Dragon boats are beautiful. A wooden dragon head is attached to the bow of the boat, and a dragon tail to the stern. A banner hung on a pole is also fastened at the stern and the boat is decorated with red, green and blue scales edged in gold.
龙舟很漂亮。船头有一个木制的龙头, 船尾有一个龙尾。挂在旗杆上的旗帜也固定在船尾, 船身用红、绿、蓝三色的鳞片镶金装饰。
It is a tradition for Chinese people to eat zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival. Zongzi is a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice and wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves, which give zongzi a special flavor.
端午节吃粽子是中国人的传统。粽子是金字塔形的糯米团子,用竹叶或芦苇叶包着,这些叶子让粽子风味独特。
People in the north enjoy zongzi with dates, while people in the south prefer mixed ingredients, such as meat, sausages, and eggs. This custom is not only very popular in China but also practiced in South Korea, Japan, and other countries in Southeast Asia.
北方人喜欢吃枣馅的粽子,而南方人则喜欢肉、香肠和鸡蛋等混合馅料的粽子。吃粽子的习俗不仅在中国很流行,韩国、日本和其他东南亚国家的人们也吃粽子。 Words and Expressions ① legend n.传说；传奇故事 9 banner n.横幅 ② patriotic adj.爱国的 10 reed n.芦苇 ③ loyalty n.忠诚 战国七雄 the seven Warring States ④ exile vt.流放；放逐 端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival ⑤ invade vt.侵入；侵略 举行龙舟比赛 hold a dragon-boat race ⑥ commemorate vt.纪念 14 包粽子 make/wrap zongzi ⑦ bow n.船头 纪念屈原 in honour of Qu Yuan
⑧ stern n.船尾
中秋节
Falling on the 15th day of the 8th month according to the Chinese lunar calendar, the Mid-Autumn Festival is the second grandest festival in China after the Chinese New Year. It takes its name from the fact that it is always celebrated in the middle of the autumn season. The day is also known as the Moon Festival, as at that time of the year the moon is at its roundest and brightest.
农历八月十五的中秋节, 是春节之后的第二大节日。人们总是在秋季中旬举行庆祝活动, 中秋节的名字由此而来。这一天也被称为月亮节,因为在一年的这个时候,月亮是最圆最亮的。
The mooncake is the special food of the Mid-Autumn Festival. On that day, people sacrifice mooncakes to the moon as an offering and eat them for celebration. The mooncakes are round, symbolizing the reunion of a family, so it is easy to understand how eating mooncakes under the round moon can evoke longing for distant relatives and friends.
月饼是中秋节的特色食品。在那一天,人们把月饼作为祭品献给月亮并吃月饼来庆祝。月饼是圆的,象征着家庭团圆,所以不难理解在圆月下吃月饼可以唤起对远方亲人和朋友的思念。
Due to the different diet habits in different regions, mooncakes vary in taste. Traditional flavors include fillings of five kernels, egg yolks, mashed dates and mashed beans. Now there are new fillings like ice cream and durians. Although the flavor of mooncakes is changing, the symbolic meaning of the full moon remains unchanged and the Chinese custom of eating mooncakes and longing for reunions during the Mid-Autumn Festival will never fade away.
因各地饮食习俗不同,月饼的口味五花八门,包括传统的五仁、蛋黄、枣泥和豆沙。如今还演变出冰激凌、榴莲月饼等等。虽然月饼的口味在变,但圆月的寓意一直未变,中国人吃月饼的习俗和对中秋团圆的期盼也从未消失。
Due to frequent communication with other countries and migrations of Chinese people, the MidAutumn Festival has become popular in other parts of the world.
由于与其他国家的频繁交流和中国人口的迁移,中秋节在世界其他地方也变得流行起来。
第三部分传统礼俗
节气民俗
The ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 segments based on the sun’s position in the zodiac. Each segment was called a specific "solar term". The 24 solar terms were created to guide the agricultural affairs. They reflect the changes in climate, natural phenomena and agricultural production.
中国古人根据太阳在黄道带中的位置把一年分为 24 段。每一段被称为一个特定的“节气”。 二十四节气的产生是为了指导农业活动。它们反映了气候、自然现象和农业生产的变化。
Eating pears around the Awakening of Insects is a widely-practiced custom in China. As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes dry, people’s mouths tend to feel dry, which can cause colds or coughs. Pears are sweet, juicy and cold in nature, and can nourish lungs to arrest a cough. Therefore, pears are highly recommended during the Awakening of Insects.
在中国,人们普遍在惊蛰前后吃梨。随着天气变暖,空气变得干燥,人们往往会感到口干舌燥,从而导致感冒或咳嗽。梨味甘、多汁、性凉,可润肺止咳。因此, 在惊蛰期间梨备受推崇。
Eating spring vegetables during the Spring Equinox is a commonly practiced custom in many regions of China. "Spring vegetables" refers to seasonal vegetables that differ from place to place. The ancient teaching in the Chinese classic, Huangdi Neijing, suggests that people eat seasonal foods to help preserve health and bring good luck.
春分吃春菜是中国许多地区的普遍习俗。“春菜”指的是各地不同的时令蔬菜。中国经典著作《黄帝内经》中的古老学说建议人们吃时令食品,以帮助保持健康和带来好运。
On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh themselves and compare their weight to what it was at the start of Summer. If one has lost weight during the summer, then at the start of autumn, he or she needs to put on weight by eating many different kinds of delicious food, especially meat.
在立秋的第一天, 人们通常会称自己的体重, 并与立夏时的体重进行比较。如果一个人在夏天体重下降,那么在立秋,他或她需要吃许多不同种类的美味食物,特别是肉来增肥。
饮食礼俗
In the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-256 BC), there was a fairly fully-fledged system of dining etiquette. Within Chinese traditions, eating has far more functions than just filling the stomach or bringing gastronomic pleasure. It has strengthened kinship and friendship.
在周朝(公元前 1046 年一公元前 256 年),已经有相当完善的饮食礼仪体系。在中国的传统里, 饮食不仅是填饱肚子, 或者享受美食, 它增进了亲情和友谊。
For the seating arrangement, the seat facing the door is called the seat of honor and is the most venerable of all and the left or east seat is of secondary importance. It is better to leave the most honorable place at the dining table for the elders. If a group of people are going to have a meal, the highly regarded members are given the seat of honor while the rest take their seats accordingly.
对于座次安排, 正对门的座位被称为上座, 是最尊贵的, 居左或居东的座位仅次于上座。 最好把餐桌上最好的位置留给长辈。如果一群人去吃饭,地位高的人会被安排在桌子的上座, 而其他的人则依次就座。
As a guest at a banquet, one should be particular about one’s own appearance and determine whether to bring small gifts or good wine, according to the degree of closeness to the host of the banquet. It is important for a guest to be punctual.
作为宴席上的客人,应讲究自己的仪容仪表,并根据与宴席主人的关系程度来决定是带一些小礼物还是带好酒。客人守时是很重要的。
It is not polite to pick up too much food at a time. You should behave elegantly. When taking food, don’t nudge or push against your neighbor. Don’t let the food slop or let soup or sauce drip onto the table.
一次夹太多食物是不礼貌的。你应该举止优雅。夹菜时,不要轻推或推搡邻座。不要让食物洒到桌子上,也不要让汤或酱汁洒到桌子上。
When helping yourself to the dishes, you should take food first from the plates in front of you rather than those in the middle of the table or in front of others. It’s bad manners to use your chopsticks to burrow through the food and "dig for treasure" and keep your eyes glued to the plates.
夹菜的时候, 你应该先从你面前的盘子里夹食物, 不要从桌子中间的盘子或别人面前的盘子里夹菜。用筷子在食物中“翻拨找好吃的”和眼睛紧盯着盘子都是不礼貌的。
第三部分中国艺术
书法
Chinese calligraphy is a traditional form of writing Chinese characters through the use of ink and a brush, which has been rooted in China through centuries of practice. 中国书法是一种用墨和毛笔书写汉字的传统形式,它经过数百年实践,已经植根于中国。
Chinese calligraphy is an art of turning Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush. It emphasizes the expression of emotions while being a mental exercise to an artist which coordinates the body and the mind to select the best style for the presentation of the content of Chinese characters.
中国书法是一种通过毛笔尖的压力和速度变化把汉字变成图像的艺术。它强调情感的表达, 同时也是艺术家的一种心理锻炼,它需要协调身体和心灵,从而选择最佳的风格来呈现汉字的内容。
Chinese calligraphy contains the essence of Chinese culture. Calligraphy is one of four noble arts in China. It is a connective dimension where the Chinese language, history, philosophy, and aesthetics merge.
中国书法蕴含着中国文化的精髓。书法是中国四大艺术之一。它融合了汉语、历史、哲学和美学。
During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script. 汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成了许多不同的书写形式,如篆书、隶书、楷书、行书和草书。
The greatest exponents of Chinese calligraphy were Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Xianzhi in the 4th century. Few of their original works have survived, but a number of their writings were engraved on stone tablets or made into woodblocks, and rubbings were made from them.
中国书法最伟大的倡导者是公元 4 世纪的王義之和他的儿子王献之。他们的原作保存下来的很少,但他们的许多书法作品被刻在石碑上或制成木刻印版,并拓印成拓本。
Words and Expressions
① calligraphy n.书法；书法艺术 ⑧ exponent n.倡导者
② variation n.变化 ⑨ engrave vt.在……上雕刻
③ coordinate vt.使协调；使相配合 10 woodblock n.木刻印版
④ aesthetics n.美学 11 rubbing n.拓本
⑤ merge vi.合并；融合 12 文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study
⑥ evolve vi.逐步发展；逐步演变 宣纸 Xuan paper; rice paper
⑦ script n.笔迹 14 . the inkstone
唐诗宋词
The Tang Dynasty (618 AD-907 AD) was the golden age of Chinese poetry. Tang poetry refers to poetry written during the Tang Dynasty. It is a precious cultural heritage of China and occupies a significant place in the field of Chinese literature and Chinese poetry,
唐朝(公元 618 年一公元 907 年)是中国诗歌的黄金时代。唐诗指的是唐朝的诗歌。它是中国宝贵的文化遗产,在中国文学和诗歌领域占有重要地位。
The language of Tang poetry has changed so little that they remain easy for modern Chinese people to read. When it comes to authors, Tang poets exist in all walks of life, ranging from emperors, officials, monks, farmers, fishermen to even children. In terms of themes, it tells politics, military affairs, history, landscapes, street scenes, love and so on.
唐诗的语言几乎没有什么变化,现代中国人很容易读懂。说到作家,唐朝诗人存在于各行各业,从皇帝、官员、僧侣、农民、渔民乃至儿童。从主题上讲,唐诗讲述了政治、军事、历史、风景、街头轶事和爱情等。
The two best-known poets of the period were Li Bai and Du Fu. Every Chinese person learns poems of Li Bai and Du Fu from childhood. They are as important in Chinese literary history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain. Li Bai is known for the romanticism of his poetry; Du Fu is seen as a Confucian defender with a strict sense of duty toward society.
唐朝最著名的两位诗人是李白和杜甫。每个中国人从小就学习李白和杜甫的诗歌。他们在中国文学史上的地位就如同莎士比亚对于英国人一样重要。李白以其诗歌的浪漫主义著称；杜甫是儒家思想的捍卫者,有着强烈的社会责任感。
"Three Hundred Tang Poems" is a collection of poems from Tang period made around 1765 by Sun Zhu of the Qing Dynasty (1636AD-1912AD). It has been used in China for centuries to teach elementary students to read and write, and also to cultivate the character.
《唐诗三百首》是清朝(公元 1636 年一公元 1912 年)的孙洙于 1765 年左右所编纂的唐朝诗集。数百年来,人们一直用《唐诗三百首》来教小学生读写和陶冶性情。
Each Ci (词) has a title as well as Cipai, which is the name of the tonal pattern and decides the rhythm and form of a verse. The names of Cipai, such as "The Beautiful Lady Yu", "Partridge Sky" and "Midnight Song", are derived from historical figures or events, verses and former musical names.
每首词都有标题和词牌,词牌是音调模式的名称,决定词的节奏和形式。词牌名,如“虞美人”、“鹧鸪天”和“子夜歌”,源自历史人物或事件、诗句和以前的乐曲名。
Generally speaking, Song Ci has two main schools - Wanyue (婉约派) and Haofang (豪放派). Wanyue school endows delicate things with exquisite feelings and elegance. Haofang school began to be popular since the creation by Shi who changed into a lyric art. He took splendid landscapes and a lofty ambition to dedicate himself to his motherland into his works, which was greatly accepted.
一般来说, 宋词有两种主要的派别: 婉约派和豪放派。婉约派赋予精致的事物细腻的情感和典雅的气质。自从苏轼创造性地把词变成抒情艺术,豪放派就开始流行。他把壮丽的风景和为国献身的豪情壮志融入他写的词中,并得到了广泛的认可。
Words and Expressions ① heritage n.遗产; 传统 ⑧ cultivate vt.培养 ② monk n.僧侣 ⑨唐诗 Tang poetry; Tang poems ③ military adj.军事的 10 文化遗产 cultural heritage ④landscape n.风景；景色 11 《唐诗三百首》 Three Hundred Tang Poems ⑤romanticism n.浪漫主义 12《全唐诗》 Complete Tang Poems ⑥ Confucian adj.儒家的 中国诗歌的黄金时期 the golden age of ⑦ elementary adj.初级的 Chinese poetry
四大名著
The Four Great Classical Novels of China are usually thought to be the best novels in Chinese literature. What all four have in common is that they were written in a spoken language of their times unlike most ancient literature that was written in the classical literary language.
中国四大名著通常被认为是中国文学上最优秀的小说。这四部作品的共同之处在于, 它们都是用当时的口语化语言写成的, 而大多数古代文学作品是用古典文学语言写成的。
The Four Great Classical Novels are the four novels commonly regarded by Chinese literary critics to be the greatest and most influential of pre-modern Chinese fiction. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368 AD-1912 AD), they have been well-known to most Chinese either directly or through their many adaptations to opera and various popular culture media. They are among the world’ s longest and oldest novels and are considered to be the pinnacle of China’s achievement in classical novels.
四大名著是中国文学评论界公认的中国前现代小说中最伟大、最具影响力的四部小说。从明清时期(公元 1368 年一公元 1912 年)开始,四大名著就直接以书本或通过改编戏剧以及各类流行文化媒介而被人们所熟知。它们是世界上最长、最古老的小说之一, 代表了中国古典小说的最高成就。
The Four Great Classical Novels had a significant influence on the development of Chinese societies in past eras. They were widely read by people and contained philosophical ideas, history and ideas about human society, family life and politics that defined part of the world view of the scholars and of the politicians.
四大名著对中国历代社会发展产生了重大的影响。人们广泛阅读四大名著,它们包含了哲学思想、历史,以及关于人类社会、家庭生活和政治的理念,这些理念对学者和政治家世界观也产生了部分影响。
Luo Guanzhong, author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, based his novel on both folk tales and the historical records of the conflicts among the kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. The three kingdoms were established by Cao Pi, Liu Bei and Sun Quan respectively.
罗贯中的《三国演义》取材于民间故事和历史记载的魏、蜀、吴三国之间的冲突。三国分别由曹丕、刘备和孙权建立。
Journey to the West was written in the 16th century during the Ming Dynasty (1368 AD-1644 AD)by Wu Cheng’en. The novel tells a series of the legends of the Buddhist monk Xuanzang who travelled to India and Central Asia during the Tang Dynasty (618 AD-907 AD) to obtain sacred texts. Monkey King, Zhu Baje and Sha Wujing, together with a dragon prince helped Xuanzang along the road.
《西游记》是 16 世纪明朝(公元 1368 年一公元 1644 年)的吴承恩所著。这部小说讲述了唐朝(公元 618 年一公元 907 年)僧人玄奘去印度和中亚取经途中所经历的一系列的传奇故事。孙悟空、猪八戒和沙悟净,还有一位龙太子,一路上帮助玄奘。
Written in the latter half of the 18th century, A Dream of Red Mansions is a semi-autobiographical work which is based on the financial decay of author Cao Xueqin’s family. Recognized for its formal beauty and innovation, A Dream of Red Mansions has spawned a scholarly field of its own, ’Redology’, which is still a thriving academic subject in China. The novel offers an incredibly detailed rendering of the life of 18th century Chinese aristocracy.
创作于 18 世纪下半叶的《红楼梦》是一部半自传体的作品,主要讲述了作者曹雪芹家族的经济衰败。《红楼梦》因其形式之美和创新而被认可,它催生了一个自己的学术领域,“红学”, 在中国仍然是一个蓬勃发展的学术研究。这部小说对 18 世纪中国贵族的生活进行了非常详细的描述。
The Water Margin was written based on historical events and folklore by Shi Nai’an. In the novel the heroes gathered in the Liangshan Mountain to start an uprising. The
Water Margin describes a total of 787 characters, who have complicated characteristics and there is a detailed description. The novel has created a common, concise, vivid and expressive literary language on the basis of the folk spoken language.
《水浒传》是施耐庵根据历史事件和民间传说写成的。小说中的主人公聚集在梁山发动起义。《水浒传》共描写了 787 个人物,这些人物性格复杂,描写细致。这部小说在民间口头语言的基础上,创造了一种通用的、简洁的、生动的、富于表现力的文学语言。
第四部分 中国戏曲
京剧
Included on UNESCO’s World Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2010, Beijing opera of China is a national treasure with a history of over 200 years.
2010 年,京剧被联合国教科文组织列入世界非物质文化遗产名录,是享有 200 多年历史的国宝。
Over the past hundreds of years, the roles of Beijing opera have been simplified to today’s Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou, known as the four major roles in Beijing opera.
京剧的角色被简化为今天的“生、旦、净、丑”,即京剧中的四大角色。
Beijing opera presents dramatic plays and figures mainly by infusing four artistic methods: singing, dialogue, dancing and martial arts. Singing is used to intensify the appeal of the art by all kinds of tones. Dialogue, which is full of musical and rhythm sensations, is the complement of singing. Dancing refers to the body movements requiring high performing skills. Martial arts are the combination and transformation of traditional Chinese combat exercises and dances.
京剧主要通过融合四种艺术手段来搬演剧本和塑造人物:唱念做打。唱是通过各种腔调来增强艺术的感染力。念是对唱的补充,充满了音乐感和节奏感。做是一种需要高超技巧的身体动作。打是中国传统武术与舞蹈的结合和转化。
There are many famous masters in China who are good at performing Beijing opera. Among them, the Four Famous Dans-Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng-are the most well-known at home and abroad.
中国有许多著名的京剧表演大师。其中, 著名旦角有四位一梅兰芳、程砚秋、尚小云、荀慧生一他们蜚声海内外。
Today, Beijing opera is regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China and has also spread to other countries. It serves as a bridge through which the traditional Chinese culture is introduced to other parts of the world.
今天, 京剧被视为中国的文化瑰宝之一, 并已传播到其他国家。它是中国传统文化走向世界的桥梁。
京剧脸谱
Beijing opera has multiple origins. But whatever the origins are, facial make-up is a significant component. The art of facial make-up is very popular at home and abroad and has been recognized as one of the symbols of traditional Chinese culture.
京剧有多种起源, 但不管起源是什么, 脸谱都是一个重要的组成部分。脸谱艺术在国内外都很受欢迎, 被公认为是中国传统文化的象征之一。
Facial make-up can reflect the qualities of different characters. It uses different colors to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the make-up.
脸谱可以反映不同角色品质。它使用不同颜色来塑造角色形象。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色的善恶。
Facial make-up has three features: a combination of beauty and ugliness, an indication of the natural qualities of the characters, and the fixed pattern for painting. For different roles, facial makeup can vary a great deal. Each of the patterns and brilliant colors on the painted face has a symbolic meaning: red suggests loyalty, white suggests craftiness, and black suggests uprightness.
脸谱有三个特点:美丑结合、暗示人物性格、图案固定。角色不同,脸谱的区别很大。在涂了油彩的脸上,每一种图案和亮丽的颜色都有象征意义:红色表示忠诚,白色表示奸诈,黑色表示正直。
According to different genders, ages and features, each role has its own facial make-up type. Artists use different colors and lines to paint the faces of characters.
根据不同的性别、年龄和特征, 每种角色都有自己的脸谱类型。艺术家们用不同的颜色和线条来画人物的脸。
Among all traditional Chinese operas, types of facial make-up in Beijing opera have developed into the most systematic and mature one. It is featured by painting brows, eyelids and jowls in various patterns such as swallow wings and butterfly wings.
在中国所有的传统戏剧中, 京剧的脸谱类型已经发展成为最系统、最成熟的一种。京剧脸谱的特点是在眉毛、眼睑和面颊上画上各种图案,例如燕子翅膀和蝴蝶翅膀等。
皮影戏
Shadow puppetry, or shadow play, was very popular in many parts of China during the Tang (618 AD-907 AD) and Song (960 AD-1279 AD) Dynasties. Shadow puppets were first made of paper, later of the leather of donkeys or oxen.
在唐朝和宋朝时期,皮影戏在中国许多地方非常流行。皮影戏人偶最初是用纸制成的,后来用驴或牛皮革制成。
The design of the figures follows traditional moral evaluation and aesthetics. Audience can tell a figure’s character by seeing his mask. A red mask represents loyalty and a black mask, uprightness.
皮影戏人物的设计遵循了传统的伦理观和审美观。观众可以通过一个人物的脸谱看出他的性格。红色的脸谱代表忠诚,黑色的脸谱代表正直。
The figures all have a large head and a small body. A man has a square face, a broad forehead and a tall strong body while a woman has a thin face, a small mouth and slim body.
这些人物都有着大头和小小的身体。男人脸方,前额宽,身材高大强壮；女人脸瘦,嘴小, 身材苗条。
The stage for the play is a white cloth on which the shadows of flat puppets are projected. Shadow puppets look similar to paper cuttings except that their joints are connected by thread so that they can be operated freely.
皮影戏的舞台是一块白布幕,上面投射着平面人偶的影子。皮影戏人偶外形与剪纸相似, 不同之处在于它们的关节是用线连接起来的, 以便可以自由操作。
To break the limit that only the profile of puppets can be seen, shadow puppetry uses exaggeration and heavy dramatization. The faces and the costumes of puppets are vivid and humorous. Different colors, the elegant sculpting and smooth lines make puppets not only props but also artworks.
为了突破只能看到人偶轮廓的限制, 皮影戏使用了夸张和重戏剧化的手法。人偶的面孔和服装生动而滑稽有趣。五彩缤纷的颜色、精美的镂刻和流畅的线条使人偶不仅仅是道具, 更是艺术品。
邀请信
题目-
浙江省十校联盟 2023 届高三第三次联考英语试题卷
假设你是李华,本周末你校将要举办以 “乡土中国 (Rural China) ”为主题的摄影展,请你写一封邮件给交换生 James, 邀请他来参观这次展览, 内容包括:
1. 展览的时间和地点；2. 展览的内容和意义。
Background+ Purpose:
(1) An exhibit featuring photographs themed on "Rural China" taken by all students will open in our school hall on weekends.
② Our school will hold/organize a photograph exhibition this Saturday morning...
③ Glad to know that there will be a photo exhibition themed on "Rural China", I’m writing to....
④ Exceedingly delighted to know that a...exhibition themed on... will be held by our school,....
⑤ Good news! A photo exhibition themed on “Rural China” is around the corner.
⑥ Learning that you’re passionate about..., I can’t wait to invite you to visit the photograph exhibition, which is scheduled to be held at....
⑦ With the approaching of the most-awaited photographic exhibition whose theme is "Rural China", I’m writing to invite you...
意义:
This exhibition will become a welcome opportunity/precious chance/platform to....
1) have a glimpse of Chinese folk cultures
2) deepen understanding of...
3) lead students to a splendid rural world
4) encourage us young people to love the ...of the motherland
5) enhance our cultural confidence
6) improve aesthetic (美感的; 审美的) taste to art
收获感想
认知方面 - 情感方面
deepen one’s insight into/understanding of... immerse sb in the charm of...
raise one’s awareness of... arouse/boost one’s enthusiasm for sth/for doing
catch a glimpse of... sth.. expand one’s scope of knowledge of... fuel/ignite one’s passion for sth... cast light on sth... enrich one’s school life/bring color to...
stimulate one’s interest in...
evoke our love for... Sample: Dear James,
News comes that a photography exhibition on "Rural China" is scheduled for this weekend in students’ center. I’m writing to invite you to visit it genuinely.
As is advertised, there will be more than 150 exhibits, most of which record and present the unique charm of the landscape as well as traditions in the countryside. Thus, the exhibition serves as a platform, especially for someone so fond of Chinese culture like you, to learn more about the village life and folk culture in China.
This is absolutely a great opportunity you can’t miss. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
建议信
题目二
假设你是明启中学高三学生赵磊,你的外国朋友 William 一直对中国文化很感兴趣。近日,他在网上了解到有两个相关的线上节目 (节目信息如下表所示),但他对节目选择有些茫然, 想听听你的建议。请给 William 回复一封邮件, 邮件内容须包括:
(1)推荐其中一个节目；
(2)通过比较两个节目的信息,说明你推荐该节目的理由。
节目名称 故宫里的国宝 Treasures of the Forbidden City 寻访中国美食 Exploring Chinese Cuisine
节目内容 介绍故宫里的国宝及其背后的故事 介绍中国传统美食及其烹饪方式
节目形式 纪录片 短视频
节目语言 英语解说 无字幕(subtitles) 中文解说 英语字幕
Dear William,
Having learnt you are interested in Chinese culture and that you cannot decide whether to opt for the Treasures of the Forbidden City or the Exploring Chinese Cuisine, I am writing to put forward my own idea that the second option might be more suitable for you.
The reasons behind the choice, as far as I can see, can be analyzed in three aspects. To begin with, as is universally acknowledged, delicious cuisine is always a popular topic around the whole world. In this programme, you will be introduced the process of making Chinese traditional food, which is also a part of the Chinese culture. In addition, it won’t cost you much time since it is presented by short video, so that you can choose your time freely. Last but not least, although the programme is spoken in Chinese, there are English subtitles for you to have a full understanding of the content.
To sum up, it is advisable that you choose the second one. Hope the above might be of any help to you. Thank you for your time and wish you a great success in learning about the Chinese culture.
Yours,
Zhao Lei
题目三
(2024·河南·模拟预测)假定你是李华,你的好友 Janson 想了解中国传统节日,请你给他写封邮件, 向他推荐 Chinese Festivals 一书。内容包括:
1. 图书简介;
2.向他赠书。
Dear Janson,
I’m much delighted to know that you are interested in learning about Chinese traditional festivals. Here I’m recommending the book Chinese Festivals to you. In it, there are introductions to all the major Chinese festivals, like the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. Better still, the book is written in English and contains 150 pages in all. It has colorful illustrations, through which you will get a better understanding of the Chinese festivals and various activities specially organized for them. Will you please give me your address so I can send a copy to you as a gift afterwards Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
题目四
假定你是李华, 得知你校外籍老师 Peter 计划不久回英国, 他想给母亲一份有中国文化特色的礼物。请给他写封邮件,内容包括:1.推荐礼物；2.推荐原因；3.表达祝愿。
Dear Peter,
Knowing that you’d like to select a Chinese gift for your mother before returning to England soon, I’m happy to recommend you a silk dress as a gift.
As is known, Chinese silk industry has the longest history with the famous Silk Road as an indication. Besides, with strong Chinese cultural characteristics, Chinese silk dresses are comfortable and elegant to wear. They are a favorite choice for ladies of your mother’s age. I’m sure your mother will definitely like one.
Best wishes to your family.
Yours,
Li Hua
a beautifully crafted silk scarf
Silk has been an essential part of Chinese culture for thousands of years and is renowned worldwide for its elegance and craftsmanship. A silk scarf is not only practical but also artistic, often featuring traditional Chinese patterns such as bamboo or landscapes. These designs symbolize good fortune, harmony, and natural beauty, making it a meaningful and thoughtful gift.
介绍信
题目五
假如你是李华。近日,你所在的学习小组参加学校“走进中国传统文化”视频作品评选活动, 获得一等奖。你的英国朋友 Robert 来信向你表示祝贺, 并想了解你们小组的视频制作过程。请你写一封回信,内容包括:
1. 视频作品制作过程(选题,分工, )；
2. 你参加活动的感受。
Dear Robert,
I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to share with you the exciting news that our study group recently won the first prize in the "Exploring Chinese Traditional Culture" video competition held by our school.
The process of creating our award-winning video began with brainstorming sessions to select an engaging topic that would showcase the richness of Chinese traditional culture. Each member of our group was assigned specific tasks according to their strengths and interests, ensuring efficient collaboration throughout the production process. The filming and editing stages involved meticulous attention to detail, with a focus on capturing the essence of traditional practices and conveying them effectively to our audience. Through extensive research and collaboration, we were able to produce a compelling video that not only entertained but also educated viewers about the beauty and significance of Chinese traditional culture. The completion of our video project was a testament to the dedication and creativity of each member of our group, as well as the support and encouragement we received from our teachers and peers.
Participating in this activity has been an enriching experience for me. It provided me with the opportunity to delve deeper into my cultural heritage and share it with others. I am grateful for the friendships formed and the knowledge gained throughout this journey.
Once again, thank you for your congratulations, and I am excited to discuss further details of our video production process with you. Looking forward to more communication with you!
Best regards,
Li Hua
题目六
2021 高考全国甲卷
假定你是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会,并在英文网站展示。 请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris,向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。邮件内容包括:
1. 阐明写信事 由；2.征求建议；3.表示感谢。
Dear Peter,
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese traditional festivals, I would love to invite you to join us in the coming Lantern Festival celebration.
The celebration, organized by the Student Union, is to beheld at 7:00 p.m. next Wednesday in the school garden. As is well known, the Lantern Festival falls on the 15thday of the 1stlunar month, which is regarded as the most recreational among all the Chinese festivals. You are bound to be entertained and dazzled by a wide range of colorful activities, including watching lanterns of various shapes and sizes, guessing lantern riddles, enjoying folk dances, and eating Yuanxiao.
Not to be missed! Come and experience this magnificent festival with us !
Yours,
Li Hua
通知
题目七
(2024·浙江绍兴·二模)假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华,本学期你校将为外籍学生开设一系列以中国传统文化为主题的研讨活动 (workshop), 请你写一则通知, 内容包括:
1. 介绍活动；2. 阐明理由；3. 邀请参加。
Notice
To help international students adapt to the life here, our school is organizing a series of workshops on Chinese traditional culture.
As scheduled, the workshops are to take place every Thursday this semester, from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m.. During this period, you will be exposed to a selection of Chinese traditional cultures in daily life, gaining a better insight into Four Treasures of Study, Four Great Inventions, ancient music and lion dance, all these profound Chinese cultures. A certain amount of time will be set aside in each workshop for interaction, in which session a teacher will be available to clarify your doubts or offer some suggestions if necessary.
The workshops are supposed to expand your perspective of Chinese culture and meanwhile, make your campus life here easier and more fruitful. We sincerely hope to see you there! The Students’ Union
征稿
题目八
假如你是李华,你校英语报打算举办一次主题为“弘扬中国传统文化”的海报设计大赛,请你写一则征稿启事。内容包括:
1. 活动目的;
2. 活动要求。
Dear Teachers and Students,
In an effort to promote and celebrate the rich tapestry of Chinese traditional culture, our school’s English newspaper is hosting a poster design competition themed "The Beauty of Chinese Traditional Culture." The purpose of this event is to showcase the profound heritage and unique charm of Chinese culture through creative poster designs.
Submission Guidelines are as follows. Posters should revolve around the theme of Chinese traditional culture, such as festivals, arts, history, etc. Plus designs must be innovative and capable of capturing the audience’s attention. What’s more, all entries must be labeled in English to ensure understanding by the entire school community. Last but not least, submissions should be delivered to the English newspaper editorial office before the deadline.
We look forward to your active participation in this event. Together, let’s carry forward and promote Chinese traditional culture. With creativity and passion, let’s show the world the boundless possibilities of Chinese culture!
Li Hua
发言稿
题目九
湖北省高中名校联盟高三第一次联合测评
假如你是李华,你们学校下周将举办首届茶文化交流节,英国罗素中学(Rossell School) 的部分师生受邀来参加活动。你作为学生代表, 将在为他们举办的欢迎会上发言, 请你写一篇发言稿。要点如下:
1. 表示欢迎； 2. 介绍交流节活动；3. 邀请对方分享英国茶文化。
Good evening, everyone!
On behalf of my school, I’d like to extend the warmest welcome to our dearest friends from Rossell School. Thank you for traveling a long way to attend the first Tea Culture Exchange Festival, which will definitely promote the relations between our two schools.
The festival will begin with a lecture about the long history of Chinese tea, from which you will have a deep understanding of tea cultivation and production. Next, what you can’t miss is a tea art performance, followed by an exhibition of different teacups. After that, we sincerely invite you to share the long and unique British tea culture with us.
I do hope you can have fun here and find the trip meaningful. Thank you!
报道
题目十
假定你是李华,近日你校举办了以“中国传统文化之美”为主题的首届校园文化节。请你根据以下要点, 给校英文报写一篇报道, 内容包括:
1. 举办时间； 2. 活动内容； 3. 师生反响。
注意: 1.词数 80 左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Version1:
The First Culture Festival
Recently, our school held the first campus culture festival titled "The Beauty of Chinese Traditional Culture". It took place last week and lasted for three days.
The festival was filled with a rich array of activities. There was an exhibition of magnificent traditional calligraphy and painting, where the delicate brushstrokes and vivid colors amazed the viewers. The Peking Opera performance was also a highlight, with the actors’ vivid portrayals and melodious singing. Additionally, students showed their skills in traditional handicraft making.
Both teachers and students responded enthusiastically. They thought it was a wonderful opportunity to understand and appreciate Chinese traditional culture. It not only enriched their cultural knowledge but also strengthened the cultural atmosphere on campus.
Version2:
The First Culture Festival
The first campus culture festival centered around "The Beauty of Chinese Traditional Culture" was organized recently. It was held over the weekend.
The activities were diverse and engaging. There were exhibitions of ancient Chinese costumes, which demonstrated the unique fashion of different dynasties. The traditional music concert with instruments like the guzheng and erhu was a feast for the ears. And the traditional dance performance showed the grace and vitality of Chinese culture.
The festival received high praise from teachers and students alike. It was seen as a bridge connecting modern students with ancient traditions. It inspired a sense of pride and love for Chinese culture among the school’s population and added a new dimension to campus life.
Version3:
The First Culture Festival
Last week witnessed the first Culture Festival whose theme was "the Beauty of Traditional Chinese Culture" held by our school.
The festival consisted of various activities, ranging from an ancient poetry recitation contest on Tuesday afternoon to a week-long exhibition, where hundreds of students’ traditional Chinese paintings and calligraphy works were on display. Additionally, several celebrated actors were invited to perform Beijing Opera in the auditorium on Friday evening.
The cultural feast turned out a huge success. Both the teachers and students thought highly of it and regarded it as a golden chance to gain a deeper insight into traditional Chinese culture.

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