2025届高三英语二轮复习考前必背五 领悟高考熟词生义 清单(素材)

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2025届高三英语二轮复习考前必背五 领悟高考熟词生义 清单(素材)

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高三英语二轮复习考前必背五 领悟高考熟词生义  
第一组
1.sensitive 熟义 adj.敏感的
生义 adj.易受影响的;需保护的
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读A)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
栖息地恢复团队的志愿者们在恢复易受影响的资源和保护山脊与山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
2.condition 熟义 n.状态,状况
生义 n.(因不可能治愈而长期患有的)疾病
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读B)Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.
利·廷戴尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏疾病。
3.sleep 熟义 v.睡眠
生义 v.死,长眠
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读B)After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.
廷戴尔说,查理心脏病发作后,她本已准备好让它安乐死,但法伯的治疗大大减轻了狗狗的痛苦,能够让它多活了五个月。
4.cover 熟义 v.覆盖
生义 v.涉及;走完(一段路程)
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material
在涉及相同材料时,听和看内容是否和阅读书面文字一样有效?
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读C)However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.
然而,商店里的大多数农产品在到达餐桌之前,都经过了数周的运输,并走了数百英里的路程。
5.print 熟义 n.印刷
生义 n.出版物,印刷品
 pose 熟义 n.(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 v.(摆)姿势;造成,引起
生义 v.提出
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
当实验者从提出简单任务(如识别阅读段落中的主旨)转向需要进行抽象思维的任务(例如从文本中推断结论)时,纸质阅读的好处尤其明显。
6.property 熟义 n.资产
生义 n.性质,特性
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.
印刷品阅读和数字阅读结果之间的差异部分与纸张的物理特性有关。
7.geography 熟义 n.地理
生义 n.布局
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages.
对于纸质阅读,(读者)会有实实在在的手触之感,以及不同页面的视觉布局。
8.say 熟义 v.说
生义 v.比如说
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.
音频和视频可能比文本更有吸引力,因此大学教师越来越多地采用这些技术——比如,用在线讲座代替同一作者的文章作为作业。
9.approach 熟义 vi.靠近,临近 n.方法,途径; 靠近,临近,接近
生义 v.处理
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
根据这一理论,人们在阅读数字文本时的心态更适合社交媒体,这些内容通常不那么严肃,相比阅读纸质文本,他们也不用努力地进行思考了。
10.piece 熟义 n.块,张,片
生义 n.一部作品,(报道、新闻、广播的)一篇
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
然而,心理学家已经证明,当成年人阅读新闻报道时,他们比听或看相同内容的信息记得更多。
11.document 熟义 n.文件,公文
生义 v.记录,记载
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读D)In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.
在加紧记录地球上还没有灭绝的物种的过程中,研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。
第二组
1.leaf 熟义 n.叶,叶子;纸页,书页
生义 v.翻页
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读七选五)Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.
当然,现在网上有很多在线词典和同义词词典,但我是个守旧的人,更喜欢硬封面和可以用手指翻阅的书页。
2.house 熟义 n.房屋,房子,住宅
生义 v.是(某物)的贮藏处(或安置处),收藏,安置
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,语法填空)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
“玻璃屋”是当代设计的一个伟大成果,将来自中国西南部的植物安置在“丝绸之路”的尽头,各种植物品种正是沿此路线从亚洲的原生地来到英国,并由此定义了今日英国园艺的丰富性。
3.promise 熟义 v.许诺;承诺
生义 v.有……的希望;使很可能
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读A)With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour.
在环保主义者埃安娜·拉赫纳的带领下,这次徒步旅行很有可能是一次富有教育意义的旅行。
4.chief 熟义 adj.最重要的;首要的;主要的
生义 adj.首席的
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读B)“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART.
“你走进检票口,就会看到一个亮着灯的亭子,它会告诉你可以阅读一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事,”旧金山湾区捷运系统(简称BART)的首席通讯官阿丽西亚·特罗斯特说。
5.call 熟义 n.呼叫;称呼
生义 n.邀请,请求,呼吁
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读B)“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says.
“我们想做一些活动,邀请湾区的艺术家们提交故事参加比赛,”特罗斯特说。
6.solid 熟义 adj.固体的;实心的
生义 adj.可靠的
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读C)While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
虽然农贸市场是减少农产品运输路程的可靠选择,但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)更进一步缩短了这一距离。
7.address 熟义 n.地址
生义 v.设法解决,处理,对付;发表演说;演讲
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读D)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
卡蒂奥娜·坎贝尔的这本引人入胜的新书是一本解决即将到来的人工智能革命所带来的挑战的实用指南。
(2024·1月浙江卷,阅读C)Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.
诺曼·斯泰因万德是该地区的农场主,多年来一直在公开会议上就这个问题发表演讲。
8.power 熟义 n.控制力;影响力;能力
生义 v.驱动
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读D)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
在错误的人手中,这样的书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂,但幸运的是,坎贝尔拥有二十多年的专业经验,能够将复杂的内容转化为易于理解的语言。
9.draw 熟义 v.画,描绘,描画;拖
生义 v.吸引
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读七选五)Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.
只有当某个地方的风景、文化或美食深深吸引你时才去。
10.skip 熟义 v.跳;跳过
生义 v.避开
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读七选五)Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
避开主要节假日或高峰时段,将影响最小化,体验最大化。
第三组
1.throw 熟义 vt.投,掷,抛
生义 v.把……拉制成坯
(2024·全国甲卷,阅读A)Wheel Throwing
拉坯
2.tell 熟义 v.告诉
生义 v.辨别,识别
(2024·全国甲卷,阅读B)That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立刻分辨出它们的主人是否接触过其他猫咪,而它们通常不喜欢主人这样做。
3.slow 熟义 adj.慢的
生义 v.减缓;放慢
(2024·全国甲卷,阅读七选五)It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.
慢下来,把食物当作是营养品而不是会议间隙随便吃的东西,这一点很重要。
4.favor 熟义 n.好意,喜爱
生义 v.偏袒,特别照顾
(2024·全国甲卷,完形填空)Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework.
就像在典型的家庭中,男孩比女孩更受偏爱,我的祖母不得不待在家里做家务。
5.cast 熟义 v.向……投以(视线、笑容等)
生义 n.(一出戏剧或一部电影的)全体演员
 regular 熟义 adj.有规律的;惯常的
生义 n.主力队员,主演
 credit 熟义 n.贷款;信用;学分
生义 n.赞扬,称赞,认可 v.(成就)归功于;认为是……功劳
(2024·1月浙江卷,阅读A)He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.
他是《汤姆·索亚》首演时的演员之一,也是儿童剧院的常客,有五场演出值得称赞。
(2023·全国甲卷,阅读B)She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.
她将这些技能归功于她已故的外祖父、建筑工人德里克·劳埃德。
6.throw 熟义 v.投,掷
生义 n.套,罩
(2024·1月浙江卷,阅读B)Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.
为了给一些有才华的演员留下好印象,让他们愿意无偿为我工作,我在沙发上铺了一些座套并点燃了蜡烛,让它看起来更“年轻专业”。
7.title 熟义 n.标题
生义 n.(书的)一种,一本
 experiment 熟义 n.实验,试验
生义 v.试,尝试
(2024·1月浙江卷,阅读B)This unbeatable price point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying.
这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试了许多我通常不会考虑购买的书。
8.thirsty 熟义 adj.口渴的
生义 adj.干旱的
 seed 熟义 n.种子,籽
生义 v.播种
(2024·1月浙江卷,阅读C)But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
但是,在阿尔伯塔省中东部——位于冰雹项目飞行下风向的农民们担心宝贵的水分被人工降雨从他们干旱的土地上偷走。
9.prize 熟义 n.奖赏
生义 v.珍视,高度重视
(2024·1月浙江卷,阅读D)Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.
作为一个物种,我们人类的形成环境缺乏信息,所以我们的大脑开发出了一种珍视新信息的机制。
10.set 熟义 v.放,置,使处于;使开始
生义 adj.安排好的,确定的,固定的
(2024·1月浙江卷,阅读七选五)Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
确保安排好观看讲座、阅读材料和在线讨论的时间。
第四组
1.bike 熟义 n.自行车
生义 v.骑自行车
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读A)You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
你也可以在阿姆斯特丹市外骑行,欣赏美丽的风景。
2.around 熟义 prep.在……周围
生义 adv.出现
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读A)MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.
MacBike已经成立了近30年,是阿姆斯特丹最大的自行车租赁公司。
3.cover 熟义 n.封面
生义 v.涵盖,包括
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读A)The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.
这个2.5小时的游览包括了Gooyer风车、瘦桥、阿姆斯特丹国立博物馆、喜力啤酒厂等许多景点。
4.clear 熟义 adj.清晰的
生义 adj.透明的
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读B)First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. 首先,他建造了一系列由透明玻璃纤维制成并互相连接的储水箱。
5.life 熟义 n.生活
生义 n.生物,活物
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读B)Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.
渐渐地,这些不同种类的生物体开始彼此适应,并形成了它们自己的生态系统。
6.develop 熟义 v.发展
生义 v.开发,研制
 treat 熟义 v.对待
生义 v.(利用化学物质或反应)处理
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读B)He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.
他在南伯灵顿开发了一个类似温室的设施,处理来自1,600户家庭的污水。
7.trap 熟义 v.困住,限制
生义 v.吸收,留存
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读B)Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals
为什么某些植物能够吸收有害细菌?哪些鱼类能吃掉致癌化学物质?
8.work 熟义 n.工作
生义 v.奏效,起作用
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
你将听到这些参与者的故事,并了解哪些策略对他们有效以及他们遇到的哪些陷阱你应该避免。
9.value 熟义 n.价值
生义 v.重视,珍视
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
在三十天结束时,你将会添加少量精心选择的在线活动,你认为这些活动能对你重视的事情带来巨大的益处。
10.run 熟义 v.跑
生义 v.组织
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读C)In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.
在此过程中,我将参考我在2018年进行的一项实验,其中超过1,600人同意进行数字清理。
11.average 熟义 n.平均数
生义 v.算出……的平均数
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读D)When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate.
当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均到一起时,他们会相互抵消,从而得到一个更精确的估计。
第五组    
1.reason 熟义 n.理论;理由
生义 v.思考,推理
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读D)Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” 大多数情况下,小组报告说他们“共同论证和推理”。
2.global 熟义 adj.全球的
生义 adj.整体的,全面的,全局的
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读D)Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. 不知怎么地,这些论证和推理导致了全局误差的减少。
3.put 熟义 v.放置
生义 v.写
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,阅读七选五)At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.”
在第二页的顶部,写上“善行”这个标题。
4.course 熟义 n.课程;一道菜
生义 n.赛道
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,完形填空)Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did.
梅兰妮·贝利本应早些完成比赛。
5.display 熟义 v.展示
生义 n.(特性、情感或能力的)展示,表露
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷,完形填空)Neither won the race, but the display of human kindness won the day.
虽然两人都没有赢得比赛,但是她们展现出的人性善良赢得了胜利。
6.harvest 熟义 n.丰收;收获
生义 v.收获,收割
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读B)Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
对于初中和高中的孩子们来说,翻土、拔草和收获卷心菜听起来都像是艰苦的工作。
7.represent 熟义 v.代表
生义 v.展示,描绘
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读C)Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.
《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》是对日常物品——书籍的庆祝,这本书中展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品。
8.network 熟义 n.网络
生义 v.将……连接成网络
 monitor 熟义 n.班长;监视器
生义 v.监视,监控
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读C)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
与我们日益网络化的生活形成对比,我们所消费的信息都被监控和跟踪,印刷书籍仍然提供了一种完全私人的、“离线”活动的机会。
9.balloon 熟义 n.气球
生义 v.膨胀,涨大
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读D)As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.
随着城市的飞速发展,居住在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近自然。
10.study 熟义 n.学习
生义 n.(绘画的)试画,习作
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读七选五)These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.
这些小习作提供灵感,可能成为未来更复杂作品的跳板。
11.life 熟义 n.生命
生义 n.(绘画的)模特,实物
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,阅读七选五)Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.
经常画画和实物写生。没有比勤奋练习更好的方法来提高绘画水平了。
第六组
1.tell 熟义 v.告诉
生义 v.看出,确切地判断
 trust 熟义 v.相信;信任
生义 v.期望;希望
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷,完形填空)George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was hard for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out.
丈夫乔治试图冷静下来,但我能看出这对他来说很困难,因为他不得不把爱犬交给一个陌生人,并希望一切都会正常。
2.practice 熟义 n.做法;实践
生义 v.从事(医务工作、法律专业等),执业
(2023·全国乙卷,阅读A)Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
1859年巴里退休,但在她整个的行医生涯和生活中都是女扮男装。
3.treat 熟义 v.对待
生义 v.医治,治疗
(2023·全国乙卷,阅读A)However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. 然而,谈(允贤)通过了官方考试。谈治疗过各行各业的女性。
4.serve 熟义 v.服务;服役
生义 v.任职
(2023·全国乙卷,阅读A)Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.当时的中国女性不能在医生那里当学徒。
5.free 熟义 adj.免费的
生义 v.释放,使自由
(2023·全国乙卷,阅读A)She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 她在1865年搬到了弗吉尼亚,在那里她为获得自由的奴隶提供医疗服务。
6.shot 熟义 n.射击;投篮
生义 n.照片
(2023·全国乙卷,阅读B)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
尽管如此,回顾这些照片,它们仍是我拍得最好的一些照片,不过,如果我当时能准备充分并且合理地管理时间,它们本可以拍得更好。
7.shoot 熟义 v.射击
生义 v.拍摄,摄影
(2023·全国乙卷,阅读B)To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame.
为了拍摄一些风景照片,我曾经走多达四个小时的路来完成10分钟的拍摄。
8.top 熟义 n.顶端;首位
生义 v.居……之首
(2023·全国乙卷,阅读C)Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
尽管英国的烹饪以平庸著称,但它正在培养更多的顶级厨师,他们经常在我们的电视屏幕上亮相,他们的烹饪书籍也频繁地登上畅销书排行榜。
9.privilege 熟义 n.特权
生义 v.给予特权
(2023·全国乙卷,阅读D)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
如果你想讲述整个世界的历史,一段不偏袒某一部分人类的历史,你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述,因为世界上只有一部分人类曾经有过文本记载,而世界上大多数人,在大多数时间里,都没有。
10.mature 熟义 adj.成熟的
生义 v.成熟,长成
(2023·全国乙卷,阅读七选五)Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants.
幼苗通常比长成的植物便宜,而且你可以在它们成长的过程中照顾它们——这是拥有植物的部分乐趣。
11.rough 熟义 adj.粗糙的,不平的
生义 adj.粗略的,大致的
(2023·全国甲卷,阅读D)The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.
当欧洲人来到美国西部时,那里满是灰熊,大约有5万或更多的灰熊与美洲原住民一起生活。
第七组
1.grade 熟义 n.年级;成绩,评分等级
生义 v.给……评分;分等级
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读A)Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
此外,我会不时安排小组作业在课堂上完成,或安排用时少的作业在家里完成,这两项都会被评分。
2.period 熟义 n.时期;阶段
生义 n.学时,课,节
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读A)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.
未按期在课堂上提交的论文,每迟交一堂课,分数就会降一个等级。
3.assign 熟义 v.布置,指派(工作、任务等)
生义 v.确定(时间、地点等)
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读A)All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
所有作业将在指定日期前通过黑板、我们的在线学习和课程管理系统提交。
4.way 熟义 n.方式;方法
生义 adv.大量地
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读B)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
更糟糕的是,我不假思索地买了太多东西;我本可以用我扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。
5.recover 熟义 v.恢复
生义 v.回收,重新利用
 produce 熟义 v.生产;制造
生义 n.农产品
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读B)Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.
去年,它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品,回收了超过807,500磅的食物,否则这些农产品会在田地里腐烂。
6.dry 熟义 adj.干的;干燥的
生义 v.(使)变干,(把……)弄干
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读B)Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或把它们烘干,以便用于路上的饭菜。
7.keep 熟义 v.维持;保持
生义 v.养,饲养
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读C)She said:“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.”她说:“我小时候养过母鸡,每天早上上学前都要给它们喂食。”
8.run 熟义 v.跑
生义 vt.发表,刊登
 title 熟义 n.题目
生义 vt.给……加标题
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读七选五)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”.
《健康》杂志最近刊登了一篇题为“感谢你的健身伙伴的五个理由”的文章。
9.read 熟义 v.朗读
生义 vt.写着
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读七选五)One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.”
一个原因是:“如果你知道有人在健身房等你,你就会出现,”另一个原因写着:“如果你和别人一起训练,你会更加努力。”
10.weight 熟义 n.重量
生义 n.重物,杠铃
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读七选五)Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.
随着时间的推移,你们双方都会受益——你的伙伴将能够举起更重的杠铃,你的身体也将变得更加健康。
第八组
1.roll 熟义 n.卷,滚动,翻滚 vi.滚,滚动
生义 v.发出持续的声音
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,完形填空)The wind picked up and thunder rolled.
狂风大作,雷声隆隆。
2.start 熟义 v.开始
生义 v.发动,启动
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,完形填空)My husband stopped fishing to start the motor.
我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动发动机。
3.dead 熟义 adj.死去的
生义 adj.(机器或设备)不运行的,不转动的
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷,完形填空)We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.
我们被困在湖中央,发动机不运行了。
4.some 熟义 pron.一些,几个
生义 adv.大约,差不多
 celebrate 熟义 v.庆祝
生义 v.纪念,赞美,颂扬
(2022·全国乙卷,阅读A)This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.
为纪念苏格兰最受喜爱的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士生平代表作的展览来到伦敦,展出了60多幅杰作。
5.present 熟义 n.礼物;现在
生义 v.推出
(2022·全国乙卷,阅读A)Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.
苏格兰国立肖像美术馆为公众推出了一系列的讲座。
6.sweep 熟义 v.扫,打扫,清扫
生义 n.连绵弯曲的地带
 move 熟义 v.移动 n.运动
生义 v.促使(某人做某事),使去做
(2022·全国乙卷,阅读B)The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.
广袤的大地和人们的坚忍促使她妙笔生花。
7.alone 熟义 adj.单独的;独自的
生义 adv.仅仅,单,只
(2022·全国乙卷,阅读C)It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
据计算,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上花费就约200亿欧元,包括派遣维护人员,经常在夜间检查和维修铁路基础设施。
8.best 熟义 adj.& adv.最好的(地)
生义 n.最好的事物(或人)
 pick 熟义 v.选择;采摘
生义 n.精品,精华
(2022·全国甲卷,阅读A)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre.
这座新剧院是卡迪夫市现存最古老的传统剧院,它展示了伦敦西区最好的一面以及最精彩的英国巡回演出。
9.tell 熟义 v.告诉;讲述
生义 v.了解,知道;看出;确切地判断
(2022·全国甲卷,完形填空)You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
你可以从一个男人如何对待他的狗来了解这个人很多。
10.walk 熟义 vi.走,步行
生义 v.遛,牵着(动物)走
(2022·全国甲卷,完形填空)The next week we walked our dogs together.
接下来的一周,我们一起去遛狗。
第九组
1.score 熟义 n.得分;分数 vt.& vi.得分;评分
生义 n.(音乐)总谱 vt.获得
 flow 熟义 v.(使)流动,流通
生义 n.连贯,流畅
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读B)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
他的工作就是坐在钢琴师旁边,翻动乐谱,这样音乐家就不用自己动手而打断音流了。
(2021·全国甲卷,阅读七选五)It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
这是扔掉你的旧衣服、从你朋友那里获得衣服并同时举办派对的最佳方式。
2.draft 熟义 n.草稿;草案 vt.起草;草拟
生义 n.(小股)气流
 stand 熟义 vi.站立;起立;位于
生义 n.架;座
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读B)“I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said.“Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
蒂特顿先生说:“我正在翻页为下一页做准备,但翻页的气流导致备用页从架子上掉下来,幸运的是我抓住了它们并将它们放回去。”
3.note 熟义 n.笔记;便条 vt.注意;指出
生义 n.音符;音调;纸币
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读B)He’s interested in the music, feeling every note ...
他对音乐感兴趣,感受着每一个音符……
(2021·全国乙卷,完形填空)When she reached one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand.
当她走到一名护士面前时,她试图把一张五英镑的纸币塞到她手里。
4.passage 熟义 n.一段文章
生义 n.通过
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读C)In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.1934 年,随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》的通过,国家越来越关注这一问题并采取了坚决的行动,以阻止对迁徙水禽及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
5.makeup 熟义 n.化妆品
生义 n.性格;气质
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读D)Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills”.
许多人现在把情商误解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试衡量的理想化的一切,例如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观和“人际交往能力”。
6.excite 熟义 vt.使激动;使兴奋
生义 vt.激发;引起
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读D)Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
虽然情商的持续流行是可取的,但我们希望这种关注将引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研究的更大的兴趣。
7.role 熟义 n.角色
生义 n.职能,职责
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,完形填空)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.
我们在工厂的职责很简单:将蛋糕放在传送带上。
8.must 熟义 modal v. 必须;一定
生义 n.必须做的事
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,语法填空)While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
当你在中国时,黄山是必游之地!
9.sink 熟义 vi.下沉;沉没
生义 n.洗涤池,洗碗槽
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,读后续写)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. 珍娜把烧焦的一块扔进洗涤池里,然后放入另一片面包。
10.pour 熟义 vt.& vi.倾倒,倒;(雨)倾盆而下
生义 vi.不断涌向
(2021·全国乙卷,阅读A)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
从古希腊时代起,人们就一直不断涌入体育场馆。
11.inform 熟义 vt.通知;告知
生义 vt.对……有影响
(2021·全国乙卷,阅读A)In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.大约在公元80年,罗马人建造了罗马斗兽场,它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场,并继续影响着当代的设计。
第十组
1.event 熟义 n.事件,大事
生义 n.比赛项目
(2021·全国乙卷,阅读A)All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
所有这些体育场馆仍在使用,仍在开放,仍在举办世界上最大型的体育赛事。
2.pressure 熟义 n.压力;挤压;大气压
生义 vt.逼迫;使迫不得已
(2021·全国乙卷,阅读C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
Von Wong希望他的工作也能有助于迫使大公司减少它们的塑料足迹。
3.weight 熟义 n.重量;重
生义 n.重担;压力
(2021·全国乙卷,阅读七选五)He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most.
他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬压力的人。
4.given 熟义 adj.规定的;指定的;特定的 prep.考虑到
生义 n.认定的事实
(2021·全国乙卷,完形填空)Oh, this isn’t for the care I had.I take that as a given.
哦,这(钱)不是为了感谢我得到的照顾。我认为那是理所当然的。
5.entry 熟义 n.进入;参与
生义 n.参赛作品
(2021·全国甲卷,阅读A)Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.
每年,参赛作品的高水准都表明,该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。
6.rise 熟义 v.上升;升起;(数量)增加
生义 n.小山;小丘
(2021·全国甲卷,阅读A)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep ... 我爬到一个小山丘的顶部,发现薄雾只有几英尺厚……
7.set 熟义 vt.放,置,使处于;使开始
生义 vi.落(下)
(2021·全国甲卷,阅读A)... though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.……虽然攀爬的路程很短,但我发现自己已经完全爬到了山顶,在夕阳西下的背景下,我看到了Skiddaw非常清晰的景色。
8.point 熟义 n.要点;得分 vt.指向
生义 n.地方,地点
(2021·全国甲卷,阅读A)Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
我沿着一条穿过森林的小路向当地的至高点Shutlingsloe走去,遇到了一小块空地,立刻注意到了在新雪的映衬下枯黄的草丛。
9.run 熟义 vi.奔跑;跑
生义 vt.经营;管理
(2021·全国甲卷,阅读B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽).
负责繁育计划的 Port Lympne Reserve 迎来了一只稀有的黑犀牛幼崽。
10.gray 熟义 adj.灰色的;苍白的
生义 adj.阴沉沉的
(2021·全国甲卷,阅读C)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning.
我9岁那年,在一月份一个阴沉沉的早晨,我们收拾好洛杉矶家中的行装,来到伦敦希思罗机场。
11.class 熟义 n.班级;班
生义 n.阶级,社会阶层
 determine 熟义 v.决定;决心(做某事)
生义 vt.影响
(2021·全国甲卷,阅读D)And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.
而且我们看到得越多,我们就越会发现像性别、种族和阶层这样的社会因素并不能影响天才的出现。
第十一组    
1.cover 熟义 vt.覆盖
生义 vt.包含,包括,涉及;足以支付,够付
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,听力材料)The language use is good and the main points are covered.
语言运用良好,并涵盖了主要要点。
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷,阅读B)Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills ...
她丈夫做两份工作来支付账单……
2.case 熟义 n.情况
生义 n.套;盒;箱;容器
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,听力材料)It has one of the new memory sticks, and a protective case for filming underwater, so you can take it when you go diving.
它有一个新的记忆棒和一个水下拍摄的保护套,所以当你潜水时,你可以带着它。
3.history 熟义 n.历史
生义 n.(某人的)经历,履历
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读C)...so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.
……因此有此类伤病史的人在进行这项运动时可能要谨慎一些。
4.welcome 熟义 vt.& vi.欢迎
生义 adj.令人愉快的
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读B)There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.
那里有一种令人愉快的亲近感——但有时也会让人产生一种轻微的怀疑:时间已经改变了你们两人,也改变了你们的关系。
5.follow 熟义 vt.& vi.跟随,跟着
生义 vt.仿效;追随;拥护
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读七选五)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.
不要追随那些让你感觉不够好的人。
6.print 熟义 vt.& vi.在纸上印;打印
生义 vt.(在松软的表面上)压印
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读D)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
这些包括在叶子上印上传感器来显示何时缺水的植物,以及一种可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质的植物。
7.strength 熟义 n.力量;力气
生义 n.长处;优点
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,阅读七选五)Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections.
既然你已经列出了自己的优点,那就列出你的缺点吧。
8.drive 熟义 vt.& vi.驾驶;开车
生义 vt.迫使;驱使
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,完形填空)It will drive us crazy.
这会使我们发疯的。
9.original 熟义 adj.原来的
生义 n.原作,原稿
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,完形填空) ... the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.
……这位官员证实,这些画是真迹,价值高达5,000万美元。
10.frequent 熟义 adj.经常发生的
生义 vt.常去;常到(某处)
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读D)Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
鼓励读者使用图书馆。在你的社交媒体上分享图书馆的公告。当你可以的时候,经常去图书馆并谈论它们。
11.translate 熟义 vt.& vi.翻译
生义 vt.& vi.(使)转变,变为
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读B)“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
“在评估他们的旋转和改变物体形状能力的活动中,那些玩拼图游戏的孩子比那些不玩拼图游戏的孩子表现得更好,”莱文在一份声明中说。
第十二组
1.wild 熟义 adj.野生的,荒凉的
生义 n.野生状态,自然环境
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读C)Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.
海狸鼠被毛皮养殖者从阿根廷带到那里,然后被放归野外。
2.field 熟义 n.田地
生义 n.领域
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读C)“It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
“它正在破坏环境。要么是它们,要么是我们,”该领域的专家迈克尔·马西米说。
3.green 熟义 adj.绿色的
生义 adj.环保的
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读C)He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
他说,让人们相信海狸鼠的毛皮是环保的并不容易,但他对此毫不怀疑。
4.bond 熟义 n.关系,联系
生义 vt.& vi.增强(与某人的)互信关系
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读D)It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
这是一个与我的孩子们增强了亲子互动关系的特殊时刻,让他们对书充满了好奇。
5.bridge 熟义 n.桥
生义 n.起联系作用的事件;纽带
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读D)I see libraries as a safe haven (避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.
我认为图书馆对于读者和作家来说是一个安全的避风港,是帮助把书和读者联系在一起的纽带。
6.fair 熟义 adj.公平的
生义 n.展销会
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读D)Sponsor book fairs.
赞助图书展销会。
7.cold 熟义 adj.寒冷的
生义 adj.冷漠的
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,阅读七选五)Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly.
甚至一封正式的电子邮件也好像是冷漠的、不友好的。
8.draw 熟义 vt.& vi.画,描画
生义 vt.引起;激起
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读B)Already, a number of films ... have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
一些电影……已经引起了积极分子的愤怒,他们说在电影中表演的动物没有得到善待。
9.float 熟义 vi.漂浮;浮动
生义 vt.提出,提请考虑
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读C)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead.
“我们向我妈妈提出了合租一套房子的建议,”凯瑟琳·怀特黑德说。
10.story 熟义 n.故事
生义 n.新闻报道
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读C)Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.
像那样的新闻报道在世界上的一些地方更为常见,在这些地方几世同堂生活在一起的想法更根深蒂固。
11.number 熟义 n.数字;号码
生义 vi.总计;共计
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,阅读D)The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
这些人被称为巴瑶人,在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾总计数十万人。
12.scene 熟义 n.(尤指不愉快事件发生的)地点,现场
生义 n.(尤指当众、有失体面的)争吵,吵闹
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,完形填空) ...the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day.
……事情发展成了一次不愉快的争吵,毁了大家一天的心情。
13.difficult 熟义 adj.困难的
生义 adj.(人) 难对付的
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,完形填空)If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.Maybe her child’s not well.”
如果顾客粗鲁或难对付,就想“也许她和她丈夫吵架了,也许她的孩子身体不好。”

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