资源简介

(共30张PPT)
（人教2024版）七年级下
Section A What rules do we follow
Period 3 Grammar
Unit 2
No rules, No order
Learning objectives
1.学生能够通过观察和分析示例句子，深入理解并准确辨析祈使句和情态动词的表意功能。
2.学生能够掌握并运用祈使句和情态动词表达规则，同时能够关注表示命令时的委婉的语气。
3.学生能够熟练运用祈使句和情态动词介绍规则，并在班级活动中积极参与“绘制规则标识”游戏，最终评选出表现最佳的团队。
这些句子是 ________。
Read the sentences.
P13 3a
Walk in the hallway.
Be polite and treat one another with respect.
Don't run!
Don't litter.
不需要。因为在祈使句中，动词用原形。
祈使句
Do the verbs in red need to change forms Why
祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头，否定形式在动词原形前加don't。
Lead in
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。
(1) Don't be late for class.
(2) Don't cheat in the exam.
(3) Wear the school uniform.
(4) Be polite and treat everyone with respect.
(5) Just go along this street and turn left.
祈使句的动词都为动词原形。
Presentation
肯定句
① Have a seat here.
② Go this way, please.
这边坐。
请这边走。
(1) Do型： 实义动词原形 + 宾语 (+ 其他).
= This way, please.
(2) Be型：Be + 表语 (+ 其他).
Be careful!
小心!
Let him come in.
(3) Let型：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 (+ 其他).
让他进来。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可以省略。
Presentation
否定句
(1) Do型和Be型的否定式都在句首加don't构成。
(3) 其他类型：
① No smoking!
② Never be late again!
Don't let him go. / Let him not go.
(2) Let型的否定式有两种：
Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 (+ 其他).
Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 (+ 其他).
① Don't forget me!
② Don't be late for school!
不要忘记我！
上学不要迟到!
禁止吸烟！
再也不要迟到了！
别让他走。
No + V-ing / 名词！
Never代替Don't来加强语气。
Presentation
① Please write and tell me about yourself.
② Come in, please.
请写信告诉我有关你自己的情况.
请进。
为表示礼貌，祈使句经常在句首或句末加please。
,
句末用please时，前面通常加逗号。
Presentation
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. __________ (hurry) up, please.
2. __________ (not talk) in class.
3. Let's ________ (have) a party for our
English teacher.
4. _________ (not be) scared. Dad is here.
5. Let's __________ (not go) fishing.
It's boring (无聊的).
Hurry
Don't talk
have
Don't be
not go
Practice
Read the sentences.
You mustn't litter. / You can't litter. Can we bring our phones to class No, we can't. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class No, we can't eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
这些词为 _________。
情态动词
不需要。因为在情态动词后，动词用原形。
Do the verbs in red need to change forms Why
Lead in
Presentation
情态动词can
—我们能在课堂上吃东西吗？
—不，我们不能。
—我们可以在餐厅吃东西吗？
—是的，我们可以。
- Can we eat in class
- No, we can't.
- Can we eat in the
dining hall
- Yes, we can.
We can't eat in class. But we can eat in the dining hall.
此前我们学习了can表示能力，意为“能，会”的用法。在本单元中，can表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。
Presentation
情态动词can的句型结构
- Can the students listen to music in class
- Yes, they can. / No, they can't.
We can't run in the hallways.
You can play basketball at the weekend.
③ 一般疑问句及回答：
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
② 否定句：_____________________________________
① 肯定句：_____________________________________
主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他.
主语 + can't (cannot) + 动词原形 + 其他.
- Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + can. / No, 主语 + can't.
Presentation
情态动词must
上课不要迟到。
我们必须守时。
你看电视前必须先看本书。
情态动词must表说话人的主观看法，表示必须、必要。
无人称和数的变化 ，不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形一起构成谓语。
Don't be late for class. We must be on time.
You must read a book before you watch TV.
Presentation
情态动词must的句型结构
- Must I be home before 8 o'clock
- Yes, you must. / No, you needn't/don't have to.
You mustn't speak like that.
He must wear a uniform to school.
③ 一般疑问句及回答：
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
② 否定句：_______________________________________
① 肯定句：_______________________________________
主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他.
主语 + mustn't/must not + 动词原形 + 其他.
- Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + must. / No, 主语 + needn't/don't have to.
mustn't表示 “不应该”、“禁止”、“不准”。语气比较强烈。
Presentation
情态动词have to
have to 表示“不得不；必须”，强调客观需要，有“不得不、被逼无奈做某事”的意思。
have to既有人称、单复数的变化、也有动词时态的变化。
我们在图书馆里必须保持安静。
We have to be quiet in the library.
She has to do her homework first when she gets home.
她回家后必须先做作业。
I had to stay in bed last month.
上个月我不得不卧床休息。
Presentation
情态动词have to的句型结构
- Does he have to go to bed now
- Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
We don't have to clean the room today.
She has to look after her mother at home.
③ 一般疑问句及回答：
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
② 否定句：_______________________________________________
① 肯定句：_______________________________________________
主语 + have/has/had to + 动词原形 + 其他.
主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't have to + 动词原形 + 其他.
- Do/Does/Did + 主语 + have to + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + do/does/did. / No, 主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't.
④ 特殊疑问句：____________________________________________
疑问词+do/does/did+主语+have to+动词原形+其他
What do you have to do
Presentation
相同点
不 同 点
must VS have to
We have to/must follow the rules.
表示“必须”，有时二者可
互换。
* We must hurry. I don't want to miss
the beginning of the show.
* We have to hurry. The train is leaving
in five minutes.
* must通常表示说话人的主观
看法，语气比较强烈；
* have to往往强调客观需要。
* You mustn't talk to your mother like that.
* You don't have to come if you don't
want to.
它们的否定式含义大不相同。
* mustn't表示“不准；禁止”；
* don't have to表示“不必”。
* I/We/You/They must do something about it.
* I have to finish my work today.
She has to work late today.
They have to clean their room.
* must没有人称和数的变化。
* have to有人称和数的变化。
Presentation
根据所给提示用can, have to, must 的恰当形式填空。
There is nothing in the fridge. I ________ go shopping now.
It's very warm. You ____________ wear the coat.
have to
don't have to
Practice
- _____ we drink water in class
- Yes, we can.
Can
We _______ protect the Earth.
must
Practice
1. Don't jump the queue. You _____________ wait your turn.
2. I _____________ feed my dog many kinds of food, but I
_____________ give him chocolate. It is bad for him!
3. A: Can I leave the classroom if I don't feel well
B: Yes, but you _____________ tell your teacher about it
when you _____________ be absent from class.
4. A: Hey! Can I look at your book
B: Shh, we _____________ talk quietly in the library.
5. A: Can you put on your seat belt We _____________
wear one when we're in a car.
B: Sure. Thanks!
3b
Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can't / mustn't.
P13 3b
have to / must
have to
must
must
must
can
can't / mustn't
Possible answers:
Practice
3c
Look at the first sign and read the rules.
Then write the rules for the other signs.
P13 3c
Do not eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
You can't / mustn't eat or drink.
Practice
Do not eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
You can't / mustn't eat or drink.
Do not park here.
No parking.
You can't / mustn't park here.
Do not take photos/pictures.
No photos/pictures.
You can't / mustn't take photos/pictures.
Practice
Do not eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
You can't / mustn't eat or drink.
Do not swim.
No swimming.
You can't / mustn't swim.
Do not feed the birds.
No feeding the birds.
You can't / mustn't feed the birds.
Practice
3d
In groups, brainstorm three rules for one of the places below. Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean.
P13 3d
library school dining hall park cinema hospital
In the library, we must keep quiet.
We mustn't make noise. We can't …
Practice
祈使句
祈使句的定义
祈使句的基本结构
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，往往省略。
祈使句的动词都为动词原形。
Do型
Be型
Let型
其他类型
肯定句：实义动词原形+宾语 (+其他).
否定句：Don't+实义动词原形+宾语 (+其他).
肯定句：Be+表语 (+其他).
否定句：：Don't+be+表语 (+其他).
肯定句：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 (+其他).
否定句：
No + V-ing / 名词！
Never代替Don't来加强语气。
Don't+let+宾语+动词原形 (+其他).
Let+宾语+not+动词原形 (+其他).
Summary
can
表示请求、许可，意为“可以”
肯定句：主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + can't (cannot) + 动词原形 + 其他.
一般疑问句及回答：
- Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + can. / No, 主语 + can't.
相同点
和不同点
must
表说话人的主观看法，表示必须、必要
肯定句：主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + mustn't/must not + 动词原形 + 其他.
have to
表示“不得不；必须”，强调客观需要
一般疑问句及回答：
- Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + must. / No, 主语 + needn't/don't have to.
肯定句：主语 + have/has/had to + 动词原形 + 其他.
否定句：
主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't have to + 动词原形 + 其他.
一般疑问句及回答：
- Do/Does/Did + 主语 + have to + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + do/does/did. / No, 主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't.
特殊疑问句：
疑问词+do/does/did+主语+have to+动词原形+其他
情态动词
Summary
1. Can you use the imperatives correctly
2. Can you use modal verbs can, have to, and
must correctly
3. Can you talk about the rules for different
places
Self-evaluation
1. Write down some rules in your
home.
2. Preview Section B part (1a-2c)
on pages 14-15.
Homework

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