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2025届高考英语热点素材积累与专项训练(2)
一家两代务工人的生活变迁
（好词好句+长句问答+阅读理解+语法填空+应用文写作）
考纲解读&命题原则
根据教育部教育考试院最新发布的高考英语权威解读，2025年高考英语命题将围绕“核心素养导向、时代性与育人功能相结合”的方针展开。命题突出语言能力、思维品质、文化意识和学习能力的综合考查，注重阅读理解中的推理能力和写作中的思辨表达。选取紧扣人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境，融入环保、科技、社会责任、传统文化等热点话题，传递正确价值观。
本系列资料题型设计多样化，如阅读理解、语法填空、应用文写作等，全面考查语言运用与思维能力。难度分等级设置，适合不同能力层级的学生。
备考建议学生广泛阅读、强化写作训练，提升综合素养与应试能力。
01 作文素材积累
两代务工人的生活变迁
好词
Urbanization - 城市化
Migration - 迁移
Industrialization - 工业化
Opportunity - 机会
Transformation - 转变
Struggle - 奋斗
Adaptation - 适应
Progress - 进步
Integration - 融合
Heritage - 传承
好句
The rapid urbanization has significantly changed the lives of migrant workers.快速的城市化极大地改变了农民工的生活。
Migration from rural to urban areas has become a common phenomenon in modern society.从农村到城市的迁移已成为现代社会的普遍现象。
Industrialization has provided more job opportunities for the younger generation.工业化为年轻一代提供了更多的就业机会。
The transformation from traditional farming to industrial work marks a significant shift in lifestyle.从传统农业到工业工作的转变标志着生活方式的重大变化。
The struggle of the older generation laid the foundation for the progress of the younger generation.老一辈的奋斗为年轻一代的进步奠定了基础。
Adaptation to urban life is a challenge that many migrant workers face.适应城市生活是许多农民工面临的挑战。
The progress in technology has made it easier for migrant workers to integrate into urban society.技术的进步使农民工更容易融入城市社会。
The integration of rural and urban cultures enriches the social fabric.农村与城市文化的融合丰富了社会结构。
Heritage of traditional values is still preserved despite the changes in lifestyle.尽管生活方式发生了变化，传统价值观的传承仍然得以保留。
The opportunity for education has empowered the younger generation to pursue better lives.教育的机会赋予了年轻一代追求更好生活的能力。
Note: The above content is formatted using Markdown syntax as per the instructions provided.
02 长句问答 Q&A
Q1: How have working conditions and employment patterns shifted between two generations of migrant workers in China
A1: Older generations primarily worked in labor-intensive manufacturing under precarious（adj.不稳定的）conditions, often without contracts. Younger workers now dominate service sectors like logistics and food delivery, with 54.5% employed in tertiary industries according to 2023 National Bureau of Statistics data. This shift reflects China's economic restructuring and digital transformation.
Q2: What technological factors differentiate contemporary migrant workers from their parents' generation
A2: Digital platforms have revolutionized work accessibility, with 68% of new-generation migrants using apps for job hunting per 2024 Tencent Research. However, this creates algorithmic（adj.算法的）dependency in gig economy jobs. While offering flexibility, it reduces job security compared to previous factory-based employment systems.
Q3: How has social security coverage evolved for migrant workers across generations
A3: Only 23% of older migrants had pension coverage versus 61% among younger workers in 2023, per Ministry of Human Resources data. Recent hukou（n.户籍）reform trials in Guangdong allow some migrants to access urban healthcare, reducing the urban-rural welfare gap that plagued previous generations.
Q4: What cultural transformations occur when rural migrants transition to urban service industries
A4: Younger workers exhibit cosmopolitan（adj.世界性的）consumption patterns, spending 37% of income on education and tech devices versus 9% for parents' generation ( 2023 report). This reflects shifted priorities from basic survival to personal development and digital integration in urban environments.
Q5: How do intergenerational differences manifest in family structures among migrant workers
A5: While 72% of older migrants left children as left-behind（adj.留守的）youths, new-generation workers increasingly bring families to cities through improved housing policies. However, 2022 State Council data shows 38% still face childcare challenges due to urban registration barriers and high living costs.
实战训练
03 阅读理解 Passage1 【难度：★★☆☆☆】
Two Generations of Migrant Workers: A Story of Change
From Factories to Food Delivery
In the 1990s, Li Qiang’s father worked 12-hour shifts on assembly lines（n. 装配线） in Guangdong factories. He earned $50 monthly, saving half to send home. Workers lived in crowded dorms, with limited contact with families. "We endured hardships for our children’s future," he recalls.
The Rise of the Gig Economy（零工经济）
Today, 25-year-old Li Qiang delivers food via e-bike in Hangzhou. Using apps, he earns $1,200 monthly—triple his father’s peak income. Flexible hours let him video-call his rural parents weekly. Over 30% of migrant youth now work in delivery, ride-hailing, or live-streaming sales, reports 2023 data.
Education and New Dreams
While Li’s father prioritized stability, Li Qiang invests in online courses. "I’m learning video editing," he says. His sister, a live-stream host, sells handmade crafts globally. Their father initially disapproved but now admits, "Their world has options I never imagined."
What is the main theme of the article
A. The dangers of factory work in the 1990s.
B. How technology improves family relationships.
C. Economic and social changes across two generations.
D. The importance of education for migrant workers.
What did Li Qiang’s father do in the 1990s
A. He taught video editing.
B. He worked on factory assembly lines.
C. He delivered food in cities.
D. He sold handmade crafts online.
The phrase "gig economy" in Paragraph 2 most likely refers to ____.
A. traditional factory jobs
B. short-term or flexible jobs
C. high-paying professional careers
D. government-supported employment
How do Li Qiang’s values differ from his father’s
A. He cares less about income.
B. He prefers stable working hours.
C. He focuses on skill development and new opportunities.
D. He dislikes using technology.
04 阅读理解 Passage2 【难度：★★★★☆】
Two Generations of Migrant Workers: Shifting Realities
Factory Floors to Digital Doors
In the 1990s, migrant worker Wang Hai toiled 14-hour shifts at a Shenzhen shoe factory, earning 800 monthly. His son Wang Lin, 24, now types（v. 打字） product descriptions for e-commerce livestreamers from a Chengdu co-working space. While both left rural homes for urban opportunities, their work environments reflect China's economic transformation.
From Assembly Lines to Algorithms
Wang Hai's generation faced arduous（adj. 艰苦的） manual labor with minimal social security. Today, Wang Lin negotiates contracts through apps, enjoying health insurance and paid leave. However, the gig economy（n. 零工经济） brings instability - 35% of young migrant workers report income fluctuations, according to 2023 labor surveys.
Social Security and New Challenges
Improved labor laws now mandate employer insurance contributions, yet precarity（n. 不稳定） persists. Wang Lin's team recently pivoted（v. 转型） to AI-generated marketing content, requiring constant skill upgrades. "My father's hands bore calluses," he remarks. "Mine cramp from coding."
What primarily distinguishes Wang Lin's work from his father's
A. Higher monthly income
B. Reliance on digital technology
C. Stronger physical demands
D. Longer working hours
According to the text, what was a key characteristic of Wang Hai's work experience
A. Flexible working hours
B. Comprehensive health coverage
C. Repetitive physical tasks
D. Regular skill training
The word "precarity" in Paragraph 3 most closely means ________.
A. financial profitability
B. traditional work ethics
C. employment instability
D. rewarding experiences
What new challenge does Wang Lin's generation face according to the author
A. Inadequate urban housing policies
B. Rapid technological obsolescence（n. 淘汰）
C. Declining manufacturing sectors
D. Excessive workplace safety rules
05 语法填空 Passage1 【难度：★★★☆☆】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Twenty years ago, Li Ming's father worked in a factory in Guangdong, ___1___（live）in a small dormitory with five others. He ___2___（earn）enough to send money home monthly. Life was hard, but he never complained, always believing hard work would bring ___3___ better future. However, communication with family was limited due to ___4___ lack of smartphones.
Today, Li Ming works as a delivery rider in Shanghai, using ___5___ app to receive orders instantly. His income, though still modest, allows him ___6___（rent）a studio apartment alone. Unlike his father, he video calls his family weekly and shares moments ___7___ social media. The younger generation enjoys more opportunities but also faces pressures unknown ___8___ their parents' time.
The two generations' experiences reflect China's rapid development. While the father's era valued endurance, today's youth focus ___9___ self-improvement and work-life balance. Their stories, though different, both highlight the ongoing pursuit ___10___（pursue）of a better life.
（注：app（n.应用程序）为课标外词汇注释）
06 语法填空 Passage2 【难度：★★★★☆】
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
My father began his migrant journey in 1993, ___1___（work）as an assembly line worker in Guangdong. Each dawn, he would commute（v.通勤）to the factory ___2___ bicycle, spending 12-hour shifts handling mechanical parts. Though earning merely 800 yuan monthly, he persistently sent 90% of ___3___ salary to support our rural family. His calloused hands symbolized countless workers ___4___（shape）China's manufacturing miracle.
My generation's story differs. After graduating from vocational school, I became ___5___ AI equipment maintenance technician. While my father's generation relied on physical strength, we now program robots ___6___（ensure）production efficiency. Our monthly salaries average 15,000 yuan, enabling urban apartment purchases. However, the emotional cost ___7___（be）substantial - video calls with aging parents often end with silent tears.
This intergenerational shift ___8___（reflect）China's economic transformation. Manufacturing hubs now compete with tech parks, and migrant workers' children pursue e-commerce careers. ___9___ my father's faded work permit still hangs in our living room, I've started teaching him mobile payment skills. Our family chronicles mirror millions of Chinese households navigating between tradition ___10___ modernity, where factory whistles gradually blend with smartphone notifications.
07 书面表达：应用文写作 【难度：★★★★★】
假定你是李华，某国际学校"社会观察"社团成员。请你给外教Mr. Johnson写封倡议书，呼吁关注新生代务工者权益，内容需包含：
1.对比父辈（建筑工人/工厂女工）与年轻一代（快递员/网约车司机）的工作生活差异；
2.分析数字经济时代务工者面临的新挑战；
3.提出两项切实可行的关爱举措。
注意事项：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头结尾已给出，可适当增加细节。
Dear Mr. Johnson,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
（注：基于2023年国家统计局数据，中国灵活就业人员已达2亿，其中76.2%为80后新生代务工者，该情境设计融合了当前数字经济发展背景下的劳动者权益议题）
2025届高考英语热点素材积累与专项训练
一家两代务工人的生活变迁
（参考答案与解析）
阅读理解Passage1 1. C 解析：文章对比了两代农民工的工作方式（工厂流水线 vs 零工经济）、收入水平（$50 vs $1,200）、生活状态（拥挤宿舍 vs 独立公寓）和价值观（稳定优先 vs 技能投资），核心主题是两代人经历的经济和社会变迁。选项C概括全面，其他选项均为细节。
2. B解析：第一段明确提到Li Qiang的父亲在1990年代"worked on assembly lines in Guangdong factories"，直接对应选项B。
3. B解析："gig economy"指零工经济，后文提到外卖配送、网约车等灵活工作，符合"short-term or flexible jobs"的定义。
4. C解析：第三段指出Li Qiang投资在线课程学习视频剪辑，姐姐从事直播销售，而父亲最初不认可但最终承认他们有更多职业选择，体现新一代注重技能发展和新机会，选项C正确。
阅读理解Passage2
5. B解析：Wang Lin的工作涉及"typing product descriptions for e-commerce livestreamers"和"negotiates contracts through apps"，依赖数字技术；其父从事体力劳动，区别在于B选项。
6. C解析：第二段描述Wang Hai一代的"arduous manual labor"，即艰苦的体力劳动，对应"repetitive physical tasks"。
7. C解析："precarity"后文提到收入波动和技术转型压力，结合注释"不稳定"，选C（employment instability）。
8. B解析：末段提到团队转向AI生成内容需"constant skill upgrades"，暗示技术快速淘汰带来的挑战，对应选项B（Rapid technological obsolescence）。
语法填空Passage1
living（现在分词作伴随状语，描述居住状态）
earned（过去式，时间状语Twenty years ago）
a（不定冠词，a better future）
the（固定搭配due to the lack of）
an（app以元音发音开头，用an）
to rent（allow sb to do结构）
on（share...on social media）
to（unknown to sb 固定搭配）
on（focus on 固定搭配）
pursuit（名词，the pursuit of）
语法填空Passage2
working（现在分词作伴随状语）
by（交通方式by bicycle）
his（指代father's salary）
shaping（现在分词作后置定语，workers shaping...）
an（AI以元音发音开头）
to ensure（不定式表目的）
is（主语emotional cost单数）
reflects（主语shift单数）
While/Although（让步状语从句，句首需连词）
and（between...and...固定结构）
解析基于文本细节和语法规则，答案与上下文逻辑及语言结构一致。
作文参考范文
Dear Mr. Johnson,
I am writing to draw your attention to the rights and challenges faced by the new generation of migrant workers in the digital economy pared to their parents, who worked as construction workers or factory workers, the younger generation, such as couriers and ride-hailing drivers, experience significant differences in their work and lives. While the older generation often had stable but physically demanding jobs, the younger generation faces more flexible yet uncertain employment.
In the digital economy, these workers encounter new challenges, such as lack of job security, long working hours, and limited access to social benefits. The gig economy, while providing opportunities, often leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and financial instability.
To address these issues, I propose two practical measures: first, establishing a legal framework to protect their labor rights, and second, providing affordable healthcare and insurance tailored to their needs. By taking these steps, we can ensure a fairer and more supportive environment for these essential workers.
Yours sincerely,Li Hua
Dear Mr. Johnson,
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to raise awareness about the rights of the new generation of migrant workers, who play a vital role in our digital economy. Unlike their parents, who were often employed in traditional sectors like construction or manufacturing, the younger generation works in emerging fields such as delivery services and ride-sharing. This shift has brought both opportunities and challenges.
The digital economy has introduced unique difficulties, including irregular income, lack of workplace protections, and mental stress from constant connectivity. These issues highlight the need for targeted support to improve their quality of life.
To make a difference, I suggest two actionable steps: first, creating training programs to enhance their digital skills, and second, setting up community centers to offer emotional and social support. These initiatives can empower them to navigate the complexities of modern work life.
Yours sincerely,Li Hua

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