资源简介 现在完成时的被动语态一、知识回顾present perfect tense 现在完成时1.构成: has/have + done(过去分词)2.用法:①表示过去发生的/已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响/作用e.g.: I have already read this book.②表示从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在 也许还会进行下去 的动作/状态e.g.: She has lived here since 3 years ago.③表示说话前发生过一次/多次的动作,现在已成为一种经历(考察较少)3.常用于现在完成时的句型:一段时间+现在完成时+since从句(从句用一般过去时)e.g.: Ten years have passed since I graduated from university.It/This the first/second/…time that sb. have/has done…e.g.: It is the third time that he has visited Harbin.This/That/It is+形容词最高级+n.+定语从句(从句用现在完成时)e.g.: This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.二、现在完成时的被动语态定义:现在完成时的被动语态表示说话时已经完成的被动性的动作或结果,主语和谓语之间为被动关系,主语是动作的承受者。常译为“......已经被做”。主动语态变被动语态的原则:The students have cleaned the classroom.The classroom has been cleaned by students.“三变”: 原句主语变by 短语宾语变主语谓语由主动变被动“三不变”: 原句意思不变原句时态不变原句主谓宾以外成分不变构成:主语 + have/has + been + done + (by…)表现在完成 表被动4.常用句式:肯定式 主语+have/has been done...否定式 主语+have/has not been done...一般疑问式 Have/Has+主语+been done...?特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done...?例句:①A new network has been set up.一个新的网络已经建立起来了。②To Tom’s disappointment,his novel has not been published.让汤姆失望的是,他的小说还没有被出版。③Has his bike been repaired 他的自行车修好了吗?④How many residents have been invited to the conference?有多少居民受到了参会邀请?5.用法(1)表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与already,yet,never,recently等副词及时间状语so far,by now,up till/to now,since等连用。e.g.:The database has already been updated.数据库已经被更新了。(现在可以使用新的数据库了)(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,并可能继续持续下去,常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用,或用于how long引出的句子中。e.g.:The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经被修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)(3)在状语从句中,常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。(考察较少)e.g.:I will go home when my homework has been finished.当我的家庭作业已被完成时我就回家。(将来某时处于被完成的状态)【温馨提示】6.注意事项(1)与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The park was opened to the public last year.去年这个公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)The park has been opened to the public.这个公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去,但对现在有影响,即现在公园已经向公众开放了)(2)非延续性动词,如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要改换动词或时态。 这本书借了一周了。The book has been borrowed for a week. (x)The book has been kept for a week. (√) 这个工程已经开始多久了?How long has this project been started (x)How long ago was this project started (√)【温馨提示】come/arrive/buy/die/borrow/begin/finish/start等表示短暂意义的瞬间动词的现在完成时,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。它们必须用相应的表示延续状态的延续性动词(词组)连用。瞬间动词(词组) 对应的延续性动词(词组)buy haveborrow keepdie be deadleave be awaycatch/get a cold have a coldcome/go here/there be here/therebegin/start be onfinish/end be overfall asleep be asleepturn off be offjoin be a member(3)带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,tell,pay,lend,pass,promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。We have given him a lot of cash.→He has been given a lot of cash.→A lot of cash has been given to him.(4)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的,被动语态中要用带to的不定式。I have told them to take their identity cards.→They have been told to take their identity cards.我已经告诉他们要带上身份证。(5)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持其完整性,其中的介词或副词不可省略。如:It is said that the problem has been looked into. 据说已经调查了这个问题。【温馨提示】有些短语动词是及物的,也可以用被动语态。主要有以下三种情况:“及物动词+副词”型“及物动词 +副词”型的短语动词,如 pick up, work out, find out, carry out, take up, figure out, throw out 等在变成被动语态时,可直接把宾语变成主语,然后把短语动词变成被动形式即可。Many of my bad habits have been given up. 我已改掉了很多坏习惯。A new policy was carried out. 新的政策实施了Our performance is to be put off till next week. 我们的演出将被推迟到下周。② “不及物动词+介词”型“不及物动词十介词”型的短语动词,如 look at, look after, listen to, move into, break into 等。Ancient buildings are carefully looked after. 古代建筑被精心地保护着The new song is not popular and is seldom listened to. 这支新歌不受欢迎,很少被人听。③“动词十副词十介词”或“动词十名词+介词”型这样的短语大多都能变为被动形式,如:look down upon(轻视),do away with (废除;弄死),take care of(关心,照顾),make use of(利用),play a part in(起作用),pay attention to(注意),put up with(忍受)等。有时可把“动词 +名词+介词”型短语动词中的名词变成被动语态的主语。More attention should be paid to our environment. 应该多注意我们的环境。Such bad behaviour can't be put up with. 这么恶劣的行为不能容忍。有的短语动词还可以有两种被动形式。We should take good care of the old people. 我们应该好好照顾老人。→ Good care should be taken of the old people→ The old people should be taken good care of.I will make full use of my spare time to learn English. 我将充分利用我的空余时间学英语→Full use will be made of my spare time to learn English→ My spare time will be made full use of to learn English.三、现在完成时被动语态的解题步骤1.找标志:找到句中常与现在完成时连用的副词或时间状语2.圈主语:找到句中的主语,判断是否为第三人称单数3.定语态:确定主语与谓语动词之间的被动关系 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览