资源简介

Unit5 Humans and Nature
Topic Talk& Lesson 1
1 comment n. 评论；意见 v.做出评论
make a comment/comments on/about...对……做出评论
No comment.无可奉告。 comment on/upon 评论 comment that...评论……
shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n.震惊；休克；冲击；令人震惊的事
(shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的)
be shocked at对……感到震惊 culture shock文化冲击 to one’s shock令人震惊的是……
in shock震惊地
turn one’s back on...对……置之不理；对……撒手不管
turn out结果是；证明是 turn up开大；调大音量；出现 turn down调小声音；拒绝 turn to转向；求助于 turn in＝hand in 上交
escape v.& n.逃跑；逃离；逃避；被遗忘
escape from...从……逃离 escape doing/being done逃避(被)做……a narrow escape 九死一生
frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的 (frightening adj.令人害怕的 frighten v.使害怕；使惊吓)
be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事
frighten...off/away吓跑…… frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓唬某人以使其做/不做某事
curious adj.好奇的 (curiosity n.好奇心 curiously adv.好奇地)
be curious to do...极想做……be curious about...对……好奇 with curiosity好奇地 out of curiosity出于好奇
equal adj.相等的；相同的 n.同等的人；相等物 v.与……相等，等于；比得上
(equality n.平等；相等 equally adv.相等地；公平地)
be equal to (doing) sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事equal sb. /sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过某人/物without equal无与伦比
the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
教材原句　...the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...……物体越大……下落越快……(P31)
“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。
“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。
“the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。
用法点拨：“the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
教材原句　As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。(P31)
该句型中why引导定语从句，先行词是the reason，that引导表语从句。可以与以下句型相互转换
This is because... 这是因为……That is why ...这就是为什么……The reason is that ... 原因是……
The reason why we should cut down on sugar in our diet is that eating too much of it will lead to obesity.
→We should cut down on sugar in our diet.The reason is that eating too much of it will lead to obesity.
→We should cut down on sugar in our diet.That is because eating too much of it will lead to obesity.
→Eating too much sugar will lead to obesity.This is why we should cut down on it in our diet.
lecture A.n.讲座；演讲　B.n.教训　C.vt.训斥
1.My father is always lecturing me and it makes me annoyed. C
2.I am glad to give a lecture to the new students of senior high school. A
3.As a student，I know I must stop smoking—don’t give me a lecture about it. B
11. extent A.n.面积　B.n.长度　C.n.范围　D.n.程度
1.The road is nearly ten miles in extent. B
2.From the moon you can see the full extent of the Sahara Desert. C
3.More than 1 in 20 people are hearing-impaired to some extent. D
4.The playground covers over an acre in extent. A
Lesson2
1.rescue v./n. 营救；救援
a rescue team/party 救援队 come/go to one’s rescue 来/ 去援救某人
rescue sb /sth from... 把……从……救出rescuer n. 救援人员
2.trap v.陷入；困住 n. 陷阱；险境
be trapped in 被困在……中；陷入……中 trap sb into（doing）sth 诱使某人做某事
lay/set a trap（for sb ）（给某人）设下圈套 fall into a trap 落入圈套
3.attempt v./n.努力；尝试；企图
make an/no attempt to do 尝试做……/ 不尝试做…… at the first attempt 第一次尝试
attempt to do 尝试 / 试图做…… attempted adj. 企图的；未遂的
4.loss n. 丢失；丧失；损失；死亡
suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失at a loss 亏本地；不知所措地；困惑
lose v. 丢失；丧失；失去 lost adj. 迷路的；丢失的；遗失的 lose heart 失去信心
lose one’s way 迷路 be/get lost in 迷路；沉迷于；专注于
5.damage n. /v. 损坏；破坏 do/cause damage to 损坏；破坏 damage one’s health 损害某人的健康damaged adj. 被破坏的
damage，destroy 与 ruin 区别:
damage 部分性“破坏”，一般还可修复。
destroy 彻底地“破坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。
ruin 严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。
6.measure vt. 估量；衡量；测量 vi. 尺寸为…/n. 措施；方法
measure sth 测量某物 (measure one’s height) measure 意为“某物长/ 宽/ 高为……”时是不及物动词，无被动无进行。(sth measures+长/宽/高) take measures to do sth 采取措施做某 make... to one’s measure 为……量身定做 ……
7. operation n. 活动；操作；运转；手术；
come/go into operation 开始运转；实施起来 do/perform/carry out an operation 做手术
operate on 做手术 operate vt. & vi. 操作;经营；管理；起作用；动手术 operator n. 话务员；操作员 operational adj. 运行正常的；可使用的
8.conduct vt. 执行；实施；进行 vi. & vt. 指挥
conduct oneself 表现；为人 conduct an experiment 进行实验
n. 行为；举止；管理；经营 under the conduct of 在……的管理/ 指挥下
conductor n. 乐队等的指挥；售票员；导体
breathe v.呼吸
breathe in/out 吸入, 吸气/ 呼出,呼气breathe deeply 深呼吸
breath n. 呼吸；气息 breathless adj. 屏息的；气喘吁吁的
take a deep breath 深呼吸hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气
10. run out 用完，用尽
eg：Her money has run out and she is also running out of her patience.
【辨析】run out 与 run out of
run out 是不及物动词词组，不用于被动语态；
run out of 是及物动词词组，用宾语，可用于被动语态。
sth run out 某物用完了 sb run out of sth 某人用完了某物
Lesson3
preparation n.准备;预备 in preparation for (介词性短语）为......做准备
make preparation for （动词性短语）= prepare for （动词短语）
preparation of goods 备货 preparation against natural disasters 应对自然灾害的准备
make preparations against 为对付．.．做准备
sledge n. 雪橇
扩展: slide 滑行 ski 滑雪板 sled 雪橇（美式） sledge 雪橇（同 sled ，英式）
sleigh 雪橇（大型驯鹿狗拉雪橇） skate 滑冰；旱冰鞋
ski v. 滑雪 n.滑雪板，雪橇 to ski a mountain slope 滑过山坡 a ski resort 滑雪胜地
拓展:
略读（ skim ）皮肤（ skin ）滑雪（ ski ) 技能（ skill ）滑冰（ skate ）成套用品（ kit )
prove v. 证明；证明是；证实 prove to be=turn out to be approve 赞成，批准 improve 改善，提高 disprove 证明．.．不对的 disapprove 不赞成，不批准
bravery n.勇敢；无畏（ courage ) brave 勇敢的，勇敢者；
- ery 名词后缀，①表"场所、地点、工作处";②表"行为、状态、情况、性质";③表"法、术、身份"等。
worthy adj. 有价值的，值得尊敬的
be worthy of being done/ be worthy to be done 某事值得被做 be worth doing sth 值得做某事 it is/was worthwhile doing/to do sth 做某事是值得的
approve of ...赞成/同意... “(不)同意...” 的其他表达：
同意...agree with sb about/on sth 不同意... disagree with sb about/on sth
agree to sth object to doing sth
be in favour of sth be against sth
at times 有时，间或 in time及时，迟早 on time 准时 at a time 每次，依次 all the time 一直，始终 at the same time 同时 at no time 决不 in no time 立刻，马上 ahead of time 提前
9. beneficial adj. 有利的，有帮助的 be beneficial to... 对……有益benefit v. & n. 对……有益；得益；益处，好处 benefit from 从……中获得益处
10. put forward （to） 提出，拿出 put up 挂起；举起；张贴 put on 穿上；上演；假装put up with 容忍，忍受 put off 推迟
11.be blind to sth 对某事缺乏识别能力
Writing Workshop&Reading Club
1.shelter n.避难所；遮盖物；庇护 v. 庇护；遮蔽
to ~ from the rain 躲雨 to ~ sb. from blame 庇护某人使其不受责骂 ~ oneself 为自己辩解；给自己找借口 take ~躲藏；避难 under ( the )~ of 在．.．的庇护（或保护）下
2.observe v.观察；遵守;庆祝 observer n．观察家 observation n．观察，观察报告
observant adj．善于观察的 observance n．遵守 obey v．遵守 obedience 顺从
3.metal n.金属（制品）；合金 mental adj．精神上的 medal n．奖牌 metallic adj．金属的 metalline adj．金属的
4. varied adj. 各种各样的 v." vary "的过去式和过去分词 vary v．变化 various adj．各种各样的（强调种类多） varied adj．各种各样的（强调不同） variable adj．可变的、不稳定的 varying adj．不同的 variety n．种类、多样性 variation n．变化
5.skiing n. 滑雪 go skating = go ice skating 去滑冰 go skateboarding 去滑板 roller skating 滑旱冰 skateboard 滑板
6. originality n. 独创性；创造力；新颖创新 同义creativity ，ingenuity， innovation
origin n．起源；出身 original adj．起始的；最初的
7.disappearance n. 离职；消失；不见
扩展: appear 出现，显现，显露 disappear 消失，失踪 appearance n．外表，外貌，相貌；出现，呈现，露面

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