资源简介 专题八 介词和介词短语(讲义)——中考英语一轮复习备考合集考情分析介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点,重点考查介词的用法;表示时间、地点、方位、交通方式、方法等介词的辨析;介词短语辨析。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。知识点讲解一、时间介词表示"时间"的介词如下:(一)表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on1> at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时at night在夜间 at that time那时 at the moment此刻,目前at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时 at nine在九点钟at first开始的时候,起初 at last最后We usually have lunch at noon/at twelve.我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。注意:表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时,其前面不加介词。this morning今天早上 last Monday上周一 every week每周2> on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午 (指具体的某一时,一律用on)on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天on time准时 on the night of July (the) first 在七月一日的夜晚We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon.周三下午我们没去听演讲。3> in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上 (指在一段时间内)。in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻The plane took off on time. 飞机准时起飞了。People go skating in winter. 人们冬天去滑冰。Do they work in the day time or at night 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?(二)表示时间的前后用before, after (两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)1> before在……之前Wash your hands before dinner. (before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。She will call me before she leaves here/before ten o’clock. (前一个before作连词;后一个before作介词)她离开这儿之前/十点之前,将给我打电话。2> after在……之后Let’s sing some songs after school. (after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧!Please close the door after you leave the room. (after作连词)离开房间后请关门。(三)表示期限等用by, until, till1> by 在……前(时间);截止(到)……How many English books had you read by the end of last year 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书?She had left by the time I arrived.我到时(之前)她已经走了。by the end of在……底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前2> until/till知道……为止(时间)We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’clock.一直到九点,我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词,所以用否定式)I will wait for him until he comes here.我将在这儿一直等到他来。(四)表示期间等用for, during, throughfor 达……之久(表示经过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。during 在……期间through 一直……(从开始到结束)He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。注意:for和during。for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。(五)表示时间的起点等用from, since1> from从……起(时间)表示“从……开始”时,一般都是用词组from… to…,而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten.这个会议将从8点开到10点。The meeting will be held at eight.会议将从八点钟开始。2> since自从……以来 (表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)I have been sick since yesterday. (强调一直病到现在)我从昨天起就病了。The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor. (since作连词,引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。(六)表示时间的经过等用in, within1> in过……后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。2> within不超过……的范围within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。比较:within和in。within强调“在……时间之内”,没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础,in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后,所以in一般只用于将来时。二、表示场所、方向的介词1. 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite2. 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past1> at, inat在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)at school上学 at home在家stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站I’ll meet him at the Beijing railway station.我将去北京站接他。in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago.他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。2> on, above, over, under, below①on在……上面,有接触面。on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。on在……靠近……的地方on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边on the farm在农场on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上②above在……上方Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。③over在……正上方,是under的反义词There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。④under在……下面;在……之内under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。⑤below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under,below是above的反义词。There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。3> near, by①near近的,不远的near=not far,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。in the near future在不久的将来Is there a bus stop near here 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?②by在……旁边,距离比near要近by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边The boy is standing by the window.这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。4> between, among, around①between在两者之间My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。What’ s the difference between A and B A和B之间有什么区别?②among在三者或更多的之中There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。③around环绕,在……周围,在……四周We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。5> in front of, behind, opposite①in front of早……的前面;在……的前部There is a tree in front of the house. 房子前有棵树。There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。②behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。③opposite在……对面Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。6> in, into, out of, up①in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。②into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。③out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。out of的基本含义:从……到外面,离开;在……范围之外;从(某个数)之中 up移动The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。7> along, across, past, through①along沿着I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。②across横过I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。③past经过Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。④through贯穿,通过The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。8> to, from, for单词 含义 例句to 到达……地点(目的地)或方向 He came to Japan in 1980.他1980年来到日本。from 从……地点起 leaver for动身去…… start for出发去…… I will leave for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。for 表示目的地,"向……" for表目的时,一般都是和固定动词搭配。 It’ s about ten minutes’ walk from here to the cinema. 从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。三、其他介词介词除了可以表示“时间”、“场所”以外,有些也可以表示“手段”“材料”等。1. 表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by①with和……在一起Will you please go with me 你和我一起去好吗?with具有、带有He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。with用某种工具或办法Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。He wrote the letter with a new pen.他用一只新钢笔写这封信。with one’s help在某人的帮助下With the teacher’ s help I have made progress.在老师的帮助下,我取得了进步。②in表示用什么材料(如用墨水,铅笔等),或用什么语言,或者表示衣着、声调特点时,不用with,而用in。she wrote a letter in black ink.她用黑色的墨水写信。Don’t write it in pencil but in ink.别用铅笔写,用钢笔(水)写。Can you speak in English 你能用英语说吗?③by通过……方法、手段"by+交通工具"的词组:by bicycle骑自行车 by train坐火车by plane/by air坐飞机 by taxi坐出租车by car坐小汽车 by ship坐船 by bus坐公共汽车2. of, from①of(属于)……的;表示……的数量或种类This is a map of China.这是一幅中国地图。Will you please give me a cup of tea 请您给我一杯茶好吗?②from来自(某地、某人);以……起始(时间或地点)I’m from Nanjing.我是南京人。We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。3. without, like, as①without没有,是with的反义词。Man can’t live without air and water.人类没有空气和水不能生存。Please give me a cup of coffee with (without) milk.请给我一杯(不)加牛奶的咖啡。②like像……一样Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。Nancy looks like her mother. (用look时,强调外表。)南希和她妈妈长得一样。③as作为She is famous as a scientist here.她在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。The room is dirty as usual.这房间像平时一样脏。4. against, about①against反对;靠着He is against the plan(Li Ming).他反对这个计划。(他反对李明)The teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正靠着黑板站着。② about 关于;各处;身旁Tell me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。I have no money about/with me.我身上没带钱。about 询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议What about your sister 你姐姐情况如何?How about going to the park 去公园怎么样?四、介词短语1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后3 at first 起先,首先 4 at the age of 在……岁时5 at the end of在……之末 6 at the beginning of 在……之初7 at the foot of 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助11 with the help of 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of 到……底为止27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众,公开地36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后,终于40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行,走路48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是典例题型1.【2024年河北中考真题】Hurry up, Nancy! The meeting will start ________ ten minutes.A. by B. in C. for D. to2.【2024年山东滨州中考真题】—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years.—Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together.A. in; with B. for; of C. on; in D. from; for3.【2024年福建中考真题】A special festival was held ________ September 23rd last year to honor the hard work of Chinese farmers.A. in B. for C. on4.【2024年内蒙古呼和浩特中考真题】Lixia, or the Start of Summer, is a time when the temperature increases quickly ________ heavier rainfall.A. against B. with C. except D. among5.【2024年黑龙江中考真题】—The book is worth reading. How long may I ________ it —________ a week.A. keep, For B. borrow, For C. lend, In6.【2024年黑龙江绥化中考真题】—I’m thirsty. I’d like a bottle of water. How about you, Bob —I prefer a cup of coffee ________ nothing in it.A. without B. with C. to7.【2024年吉林中考真题】Mary plays light music _________ her free time to enjoy the beauty of music.A. in B. at C. on8.【2024年云南中考真题】_____ the Spring Festival, lanterns can be seen almost everywhere in my hometown.A. To B. Above C. Between D. During9.【2023年北京中考真题】It’s a good idea to visit Beijing ________ October.A. at B. on C. in D. to10.A new bridge was built ________ the Yellow River last year.A. around B. across C. against D. along参考答案1.答案:B解析:by由、被;in后接一段时间,表示一段时间过后;for后接一段时间,用于现在完成时态中;to到。根据句意可知,此处指的是"十分钟后",所以应用介词in。故选:B。2.答案:B解析:句意:—我非常想念比尔,因为我们已经两年没见面了。—我也是。每当我看到这张照片,都会想起我们一起度过的快乐日子。考查现在完成时及动词短语。根据“we haven’t seen each other…two years”可知,此处是现在完成时,与“for+一段时间”连用,第一空应填for。第二空考查短语remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”。故选B。3.答案:C解析:in用在年、月、上下午的前面;for后跟一段时间;on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午,下午或晚上。根据September 23rd"9月23日"可知,在具体某一天用介词on。故选:C。4.答案:B解析:A.反对;B.带有;C.除了;D.在……之中。根据the temperature increases quickly _____ heavier rainfall(气温迅速升高并_____较大降雨的时期。)可知是指气温迅速升高并伴有较大降雨的时期。with表示伴随。故选B。5.答案:A解析:keep保持,借; borrow借进;lend借出;For后加一段时间;In在……。根据How long (多久)可知,谓语动词必须用持续的,此处用keep, how long提问的用"for+一段时间"回答。故选A。6.答案:B解析:句意:—我渴了。我想要一瓶水。你呢,鲍勃?—我想要一杯不加任何东西的咖啡。考查介词辨析。without没有;with有,和……一起;to到。根据答语“I prefer a cup of coffee…nothing in it.”可知,后面是否定意义的词nothing,推测句意是需要一杯不加任何东西的咖啡,用介词with表伴随状态。故选B。7.答案:A解析:in在……里;at在;on在……上。根据观察可知题干使用了in one's free time短语,意思是"在某人业余时间里",正确答案是A。故选A。8.答案:D解析:A朝,向,B在……上,C在两者之间,D在……期间,根据语境:春节……,在我的家乡几乎到处都可以看到灯笼。可知划线部分意为:在……期间。故选:D。9.答案:C解析:at用于具体的钟点前;on用于具体的某一天或者具体某一天的上/下午/晚上;in用于年/月/季节或泛指的某一天的上午,下午和晚上前;to朝,向。根据所给空后面的"October"可知,指的是某一月。故选C。10.答案:B解析:考查介词辨析。A周围;B横跨;C反对;D沿着。根据A new bridge(新桥)及the Yellow River(黄河)可知桥和黄河的关系应该是横跨黄河,B符合。故选B。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览