资源简介

(共183张PPT)
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
头脑风暴·思维发散
　　The traditional Chinese virtue is an important part of the traditional Chinese culture.And it provides rich nutrition for the construction of the harmonious socialist society.As young people,we should develop good virtues,
such as being honest,friendly,responsible,hard-working,etc.What virtues do you think you have
Part 1
Listening and Speaking—Discovering Useful Structures
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
阅读单词
1.moral　　　　　adj.
n.
2.dilemma n.
3.faint vi.
adj.
4.tuition n.
5.fee n.
道德的;道义上的
品行;道德;寓意
进退两难的境地;困境
昏倒;晕厥
不清楚的;微弱的
(小组)教学;讲课
专业服务费;报酬
6.union n.
7.colleague n.
8.clinic n.
9.elsewhere adv.
10.staff n.
11.saving n.
[pl.]
12.kindergarten n.
协会;联合会;工会
同事;同僚
诊所;门诊部
在别处;去别处
员工;全体职员
节省物;节省;节约;
储蓄金;存款
学前班;幼儿园
13.principle n.
14.pole n.
15.lap n.
16.lip n.
17.chairman n.
道德原则;法则;原则
(行星的)极;地极
(坐着时的)大腿部;(跑道等的)一圈
嘴唇
主席;主持人;董事长
核心单词
1. n.高尚的道德;美德;优秀品质
2. adj.珍稀的;宝贵的
3. vt.委托;交付
4. vt.聘任;雇用;租用
n.租借;租用
5. adj.遥远的
6. n.十年;十年期
7. adj.被动的;顺从的
virtue
precious
entrust
hire
faraway
decade
passive
8. n.事故;车祸;失事
9. vi.& vt.悄声说;耳语;低语
n.耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
10. n.子夜;午夜
11. n.进口;进口商品
vt.进口;输入;引进
12. n.出口;出口商品
vt.出口;输出;传播
13. vt.& vi.咬;叮;蜇
n.咬;(咬下的)一口;咬伤
accident
whisper
midnight
import
export
bite
运用词汇
1.illustrate vt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→
n.插图;图解;示例→ n.(书等的)插图画家
2.marriage n.结婚;婚姻→ vt.结婚;嫁;娶→ adj.结婚的;已婚的
3.majority n.大部分;大多数→ adj.主要的 vi.主修n.主修课程
4.complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉→ n.投诉;抱怨;控告
illustration
illustrator
marry
married
major
complaint
5.respond vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应→ n.反应;回答;回复
6.scholarship n.奖学金→ n.学者;奖学金获得者
7.physician n.医师;(尤指)内科医生→ adj.身体的;肉体的→ adv.肉体上;身体上→ n.物理学
8.reject vt.拒绝接受;不录用→ n.拒绝接受;否决
9.appoint vt.任命;委派→ n.约会;约定;任命→
adj.约定的;指定的
10.elect vt.选举;推选→ n.选举;推选;当选
response
scholar
physical
physically
physics
rejection
appointment
appointed
election
11.tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于→ n.趋势;趋向
12.publish vt.发表(作品);出版→ n.出版者;出版商
13.retire vi.& vt.退休;退职;退出→ n.退休→
adj.退休的
14.scare vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓→ adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→ adj.令人害怕的;吓人的;恐怖的
15.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的→
v.(使)变锋利;(使)改善;(使)提高→ adv.急剧地;猛烈地
tendency
publisher
retirement
retired
scared
scary
sharpen
sharply
16.insurance n.保险;保险业→ vt.投保;为……提供保险
17.energetic adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→ n.精力;活力→
adv.精力充沛地
18.replace vt.接替;取代;更换→ n.更换;更替
19.operation n.手术;企业;经营→ vt.& vi.动手术;操作;使运行→ n.操作员;经营者
20.assist vt.帮助;援助→ n.助理;助手→ n.帮助;援助
21.memory n.记忆力;回忆→ vt.记住;熟记→
adj.值得纪念的;难忘的
insure
energy
energetically
replacement
operate
operator
assistant
assistance
memorise
memorable
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 　　　 窥见……的内心世界
2. 帮助某人渡过难关
3. 学费
4. 宁愿做
5. 从……毕业
6. 需要
7. 有时;偶尔
a look into the heart of
carry sb through sth
tuition fees
would rather do
graduate from
in need of
at times
8. 发挥主要作用
9. 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
10. 关心;照顾
11. 对……负责
12. 把……视为……
13. 作为……而出名
14. 在某人的一生中
play a key role
tend to do sth
care for
be responsible for
treat...as...
be known as...
in one’s lifetime
15. 弥留之际
16. 在某人耳边低语某事
17. 急救
18. 去世
19. 作为对……的纪念
be/lie dying
whisper sth into one’s ear
first aid
pass away
in memory of...
重点句型
1.对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……
To a person ,...
2.她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
She responded,“ !”
nothing is more precious than their life
I’d rather stay single to study all my life
3.1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任,但是仅仅数月之后,妇产科就因为战争而关闭。
In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever
director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,but just a few months later,the department was closed .
to be
appointed
because of the war
4.虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she the “mother of ten thousand babies”,
.
was known as
having delivered over 50,000
babies in her lifetime
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会 ——学习做出人生抉择
2.语篇类型:人物传记
3.课文内容分析:文章按照时间顺序叙述了我国著名医学家林巧稚的一生,其中着重描写了她曾面临的人生抉择。她所做出的抉择无不反映了她坚定的信念、美好的心灵、高度的职业责任感和奉献精神。从她的人生抉择中,学生能够感受到她身上的仁善、自强、勤奋、执着、敬业、慷慨,还有高度的责任感和广博的爱心。这些美好的品质不仅值得学生学习,还能启发学生反思自我,思考如何面对人生抉择,认真选择未来的道路,全力以赴地面对人生的挑战。
多维解读·深度剖析
MOTHER OF TEN THOUSAND BABIES
student
work and study
physician　
tending
training
married
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.Why did Lin Qiaozhi choose to study medicine
A.Because she wanted to win the Wenhai Scholarship.
B.Because she wanted to become a famous doctor.
C.Because she wanted to help others and make a difference.
D.Because she wanted to follow the traditional path.
C
(　　)2.Which of the following might be Dr Lin Qiaozhi’s reason for rejecting the offer to stay in the US
A.She wanted to return to China to help more people.
B.She preferred to work in a private clinic.
C.She didn’t want to leave her family in China.
D.She had already found a better job in China.
A
(　　)3.What does the word “tending” in the fifth paragraph probably mean
A.Take care of. B.Look forward to.
C.Give up. D.Lose interest in.
(　　)4.What does the passage mainly tell us
A.It tells why Dr Lin Qiaozhi chose to be a doctor.
B.It tells what Dr Lin Qiaozhi did for the patients.
C.It tells how Dr Lin Qiaozhi became successful.
D.It tells that Dr Lin Qiaozhi made great contributions to Chinese medical industry.
A
D
(　　)5.What’s the most likely purpose of the author in writing this passage
A.To praise Dr Lin Qiaozhi’s achievements.
B.To encourage more people to become doctors.
C.To show the difficulties in the medical field.
D.To tell the story of Dr Lin Qiaozhi’s life.
A
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman,and what carried her through a life of hard choices.
林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
◆carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
Their faith,together with the courage,carried them through.
他们的信念和勇气帮助他们渡过了难关。
It was a tough job but the young man carried it through.
这是一项艰巨的工作,但这个年轻人顺利地完成了。
Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good cause
为什么不像林巧稚一样在医学院学习并继续她的崇高事业呢
[备用例句]
①We should carry forward the spirit of serving the people whole-heartedly.
我们要发扬全心全意为人民服务的精神。
②The work was carried out at minimal cost.
这项工作是以最少的开销完成的。
归纳拓展
carry through 完成;进行到底
carry out 履行;实施;落实;完成(任务)
carry on 开展;维持;继续
carry forward 继承;弘扬
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①We should carry 　　　　 the plan strictly and carefully.
②We hope that more artists will carry 　　　　 and develop the folk art.
③I am grateful to my friends for their generous help.It is they who carried me 　　　　 when I was in trouble.
out
forward
through
(2)完成句子
④尽管考试失败了,我仍相信我的决心和努力会帮助我渡过难关。(应用文写作·人物介绍)
Despite the failure of the test,I still believed my determination and hard work 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 tough times.
⑤那个老人双腿颤抖地站了起来,继续沿路慢慢地走着。(读后续写·动作描写)
The old man rose to his feet on shaky legs,and 　　　　 　　　
slowly down the road.
would carry me through　
carried on walking
2.At age 18,instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls,she chose to work and study.
十八岁时,她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路,而是选择了工作和学习。
★majority n.大部分;大多数
major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.主修课程
minority n.少数;少部分
The majority of the students hold the view that it’s convenient to go to school by bike.
大多数学生认为骑自行车去上学很方便。
In the survey,people in favour of the new policy are in the majority.
在调查中,支持这项新政策的人占多数。
A minority of the students are opposed to it,because they think the activity is too dull.
少数学生反对这项活动,因为他们认为它太枯燥了。
[备用例句]
Do you want to major in medicine in your future
你将来想主修医学吗
归纳拓展
·the/a majority of...大多数的……
in the/a majority 占大多数
·the/a minority of...少数的……
in the/a minority 占少数
·major in 主修;专攻
温馨提示
①the majority作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数,若强调个体,谓语动词用复数。
②“the majority of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词视of后名词的单复数形式而定。
To his surprise,the majority were/was in favour of his proposal.
令他惊讶的是,大多数人赞成他的建议。
In fact,the majority of his patients come to him from out of town.
事实上,他的多数病人来自城外。
In my opinion,the majority of the damage is easy to repair.
在我看来,这次的损害大部分容易补救。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①I believe that students supporting me are 　　　　 the majority.
②The 　　　　 (major) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
③The majority of water 　　 　 　(pollute).
in
majority
was polluted
(2)完成句子
④随着期末考试的到来,大多数学生压力很大。(应用文写作·倡议信)
With the final exam approaching,　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　 under much pressure.
⑤作为一名旅游专业的毕业生,我非常高兴能申请这个职位。
(应用文写作·申请信)
As a graduate 　　　　　　　　　　　　,I feel more than delighted to apply for the position.
the/a majority of the students 　
are
majoring in tourism
3.“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.
“女孩子读那么多书做什么 找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
★complain vi.& vt.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉
complaint n.投诉;抱怨;控告
I’m going to complain to the manager about this.
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
His parents often complain about his bad habits,so he decides to make a change.
他的父母经常抱怨他的坏习惯,所以他决定做出改变。
I’m writing to make some complaints about the computer that I bought in your store last week.
我写信就上周在你店里购买的电脑进行投诉。
归纳拓展
·complain to sb (about/of sth) 向某人抱怨/投诉(某事)
complain about/of sth 抱怨某事
complain (to sb) that...(向某人)抱怨/投诉……
·make a complaint about...对……进行抱怨/投诉
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①Don’t complain 　　　　 your life.You should be thankful for what you have.
②Why don’t you make a 　　 　　(complain) about your noisy neighbours
about/of
complaint
(2)完成句子
③我想向你投诉贵宾馆的服务员弄坏了我的行李箱。(应用文写作·投诉信)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that the waiter of your hotel broke my suitcase.
④有困难的时候,我们需要的不是相互抱怨困难,而是互相理解。
(读后续写·主旨升华)
In time of difficulty,what we need is 　　　　　　　　 　　
　　　　　　 but understanding of each other.
I’d like to complain to you
not complaining about it to
each other
4.She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
★respond vt.回答;回复 vi.做出反应;回应
response n.反应;回答;回复
Teamwork teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.
团队合作教会我们要有耐心,以及如何回应不同的人。
When asked about the company’s future,the director responded that he remained optimistic.
当被问到公司的未来时,经理回答说他依然乐观。
My mother opened the door in response to the knock,but there was no one outside.
听到敲门声后,我妈妈打开了门,但外面一个人都没有。
[备用例句]
①He responded to my greetings with a smile.
他用微笑回应了我的问候。
②He made no response to my suggestion,which made me very disappointed.
他对我的建议没有反应,这使我很失望。
归纳拓展
·respond to... (with...) (用……)对……做出反应/答复
respond that... 回答/答复……
·in response to 对……进行答复;对……做出反应
make a/no response(to...) (对……)做出回应/不予回答
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①I would be grateful if you could respond 　　　　 my question.
②She has received a 　　 　　 (respond) from that college to her application.
to　
response
(2)完成句子
③为答复你的询问,我想分享一些关于禁放烟花的信息。(应用文写作·告知信)
　　　　　　　 your enquiry,I’d like to share some information concerning the ban on setting off fireworks.
④他眼里含着后悔的泪水回答道:“我再也不会那样做了,妈妈。”
(读后续写·情感描写)
“I will never do that again,mum,” he 　　　　　　　　
in his eyes.
In response to
responded with tears of
regret
When faced with criticism,some people respond with anger,while others make no response to it in response to their belief that silence is the best answer.
当面对批评时,一些人以愤怒回应,而另一些人则不予回应,因为他们认为沉默是最好的回应。
语境串词
5.In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital,...
1941年,林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任,……
★appoint vt.任命;委派
appointment n.约会;约定;任命
appointed adj.约定的;指定的
Appointed as headmaster of the school,he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
被任命为该校校长后,他努力提高学校的教学质量。
The boss appointed me to organise the activities on that day.
老板委派我去组织那天的活动。
[备用例句]
①I have come here for an interview by appointment.Nice to meet you.
我是应约来这里面试的。很高兴见到你。
②He told me later that he was very sorry he was delayed the other day,and unable to keep an appointment.
他后来告诉我,他很抱歉前几天他被耽搁了,无法赴约。
归纳拓展
·appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事
·by appointment按照约定
make/have an appointment with sb与某人预约/约会
keep/break an appointment守/违(爽)约
·at the appointed time 在约定的时间
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①I was appointed 　　　　 (take) charge of the activities whose goal is to introduce the Chinese culture of tea arts.
②If you want to meet him,you have to make an 　 　　　 　
(appoint) in advance.
to take
appointment
(2)完成句子
③得知你已被任命为学生会主席,我真诚地祝贺你。(应用文写作·祝贺信)
Learning that of the Student Union,I sincerely congratulate you.
④由于已经与牙医预约,我非常抱歉不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。(应用文写作·道歉信)
Because I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the dentist,I am terribly sorry for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop 　　 　　　　
　　 .
you have been appointed as/to be chairman　
have made an appointment with
at the appointed
time
语境串词
He was appointed as manager and he said that he would invite his colleagues to dinner.They all believed that he wouldn’t break his appointment and that he was sure to come at the appointed time.
他被任命为经理,他说要请同事们吃晚饭。他们都相信他不会失约,一定会在约定的时间到。
6.She was more interested in tending patients,publishing medical research on care for women and children,and training the next generation of doctors.
她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代医生。
★tend vt.照顾;照料 vi.倾向;趋于
tendency n.趋势;趋向
(2023·全国乙卷)I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险,并沿途拍照。
There is a tendency that a growing number of high school students are extending their knowledge during their spare time.
有一种趋势是,越来越多的高中生正利用他们的空闲时间进行知识拓展。
归纳拓展
·tend to do sth 易于做某事;往往会发生某事
tend to/towards 趋向……;倾向……
tend (to) sb/sth照顾……;护理……
·have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
There is a tendency that...有……的趋势/倾向
温馨提示
“照料;护理”的多种表达有look after/take care of/keep an eye on/attend to等。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend 　　　 　 (be) healthier,better adjusted and better at dealing with stress.
②With rising oil prices,there is an increasing 　　 　　(tend) for people to ride bicycles to work.
to be
tendency　
(2)完成句子
③我写信是为了向在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士表示真诚的感谢。(应用文写作·感谢信)
I’m writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms Wang who
　.
④在操场上发生争吵后,他既沮丧又无助,变得沉默寡言,并倾向于与他的朋友保持距离。(读后续写·情感描写)
Frustrated and helpless,he became quieter and 　　　　 　　
　　　　 　 　　　　　 after the quarrel occurred on the playground.
tended my mother in the hospital
tended to/had a
tendency to keep his friend at a distance
7.She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.
她在面试时吓得完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
◆scared adj.害怕的;对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
scare vt.惊吓;使害怕 vi.受惊吓
scary adj.令人害怕的;吓人的;恐怖的
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
虽然有些同学一开始害怕昆虫并对泥土感到厌烦,但大多数同学都渴望尝试新的东西。
Some students are scared to answer questions in class.
有些学生不敢在课堂上回答问题。
It scared him to realise how close he had come to losing everything.
一想到差点就一无所有,他心有余悸。
[备用例句]
①I ’m scared (that) I’m going to fall.
我害怕自己快掉下去了。
②The high price scares away any possible buyers.
昂贵的价格把有意光顾的买主吓跑了。
归纳拓展
·be scared to do sth 害怕做某事
be scared of (doing) sth 害怕(做)某事
be scared (that)...害怕……
be scared to death 吓得要死
·scare sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做某事
scare...away/off 把……吓跑
It scares sb to do sth 做某事使某人害怕
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①My husband and I were scared 　　 　　 (hurt) by the fierce bear.
②After watching a 　　　　(scare) film in the cinema,she was scared 　　　　walking home alone and therefore she called a taxi.
to be hurt　
scary
of
(2)完成句子
③由于担心食品不健康,许多人被吓得买了有机食品。(应用文写作·投稿)
Worried about the unhealthy food,many people 　　　　　　
　　　　 　　 organic food.
④当看到一个人在黑暗中慢慢朝我走来时,我吓得要死。(读后续写·心理描写)
　　　　　　　　　　　　 when I saw someone walking slowly towards me in the dark.
have been
scared into buying
I was scared to death
语境串词
The big dog barked really loudly,which scared the cat away/off.
The little girl was scared to death too,who was too scared of dogs.
大狗叫得很响,把猫吓跑了。小女孩也被吓得要死,她太害怕狗了。
8.The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别的会议,选举一个人来接替秘书。
◆replace vt.接替;取代;更换
replacement n.更换;更替
As far as I’m concerned,traditional classes can’t be replaced by online ones.
就我而言,传统课程不能被网课所代替。
Nervousness and fear were replaced with joy.
紧张与恐惧被喜悦所取代。
[备用例句]
I will go there in place of him.
=I will go there in his place.
=I will take his place to go there.
=I will take the place of him to go there.
我将替他去那儿。
归纳拓展
·replace A with/by B 用B代替/替换A
replace sb as...取代某人成为……
·take the place of=take sb’s place 代替;取代
in place of=in sb’s place 代替;取代
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①　　 　　 (replace) is guaranteed if the products are not up to the standard.
②Personally,I think store shopping will exist along with online shopping and will never 　　　 　 (replace).
Replacement
be replaced
(2)完成句子
③失去的财富可由勤奋而恢复,但失去的时间却一去不复返。(读后续写·主旨升华)
Lost wealth can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 industry,but lost time is gone forever.
④我代替他成为学校戏剧中的主角,这让全班同学大为震惊。(读后续写·情感描写)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the school drama,which came as a big shock to the class.
be replaced with/by　
I replaced him as the leading role
9.Despite the difficult situation,Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.
尽管情况很艰难,白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。
◆assist vt.帮助;援助
assistance n.帮助;援助
assistant n.助理;助手
Whenever we meet with problems,our English teacher is always there to assist us to overcome them.
每当我们遇到困难时,我们的英语老师总是会帮助我们克服它们。
We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.
我们将帮你找住的地方。
[备用例句]
①Lacking experience,Lily wanted me to assist her with her work.
由于缺乏经验,莉莉想让我在工作上帮助她。
②I believe with the assistance of our English teacher,we can make great progress.
我相信在我们英语老师的帮助下,我们能取得巨大的进步。
归纳拓展
·assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb in/with sth 在某方面帮助某人
·with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come/go to one’s assistance 来/去援助某人
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①I am grateful to my math teacher who always assists me
　　　　 my study.
②I am writing to apply to be your teaching 　　　 　.I hold the strong belief that if I go to your 　 　　　,you will know about our class as quickly as possible.(assist)
in/with
assistant
assistance
(2)完成句子
③我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。(应用文写作·求助信)
I’m wondering if you could 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the suitable topics for the class meeting.
assist me to choose/in choosing
语境串词
When the twins were worried that they couldn’t succeed in making a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast,their father came to their assistance.With the assistance of their father/With their father assisting them/With their father’s assistance,the twins made it,
their faces brimming with happy smiles.
正当这对双胞胎担心无法成功做出一顿美味的母亲节早餐时,爸爸来帮她们了。在爸爸的帮助下,这对双胞胎成功了,她们脸上洋溢着快乐的笑容。
重点句式
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life,...
对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了,……
◆最高级表达法
本句是一个简单句。句中“nothing is more precious than”为否定词与比较级连用,表示最高级。
If you are free,nothing will be better if you can come to China to have first-hand experience of Chinese culture.
如果你有空的话,你能来中国亲身体验中国文化就最好了。
In my opinion,nothing is more important than health.
在我看来,健康是最重要的。
归纳拓展
最高级意义的多种表达法如下所示。
(1)否定词+形容词/副词比较级(+than),常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等,意为“没有什么比……更加……”。
(2)否定词+so/as+形容词/副词原级+as
语境运用
(1)句型转换
①It is such a wonderful novel that in my eye it is the most moving one that I have read.
→What a wonderful novel! I have 　　　　　　.
②It is the most worrying day that I have spent.
→I have never spent 　 .
never read a more moving one
a more worrying day
(2)完成句子
③对我们来说,没有什么比向处在困境中的人传递善意更重要的了。(读后续写·主旨升华)
To us,nothing is to those in trouble.
④我深信没有人比我们班长更适合在幼儿园帮你了。(应用文写作·推荐信)
I hold the strong belief that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to assist you in the kindergarten than our monitor.
more important than passing on kindness
nobody is more suitable　
⑤“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐!”妈妈激动地回答。(读后续写·语言描写)
“I 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　!” the mother responded excitedly.
have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one
2.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她随即成为北京协和医学院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
◆动词不定式作后置定语
句中动词不定式短语“to be hired as a resident physician in...
Hospital”作后置定语,修饰the first woman。
(2023·全国乙卷) Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.
四年后,她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。
The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches.
接着向我走过来的那个人是卖高档钢笔和手表的。
[备用例句]
In my opinion,the best way to travel is to take a high-speed train.
依我看,最好的旅行方式是乘坐高铁。
归纳拓展
·当被修饰的词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next、the only、the last等时,常用动词不定式作后置定语;
·动词不定式作后置定语所修饰的词多是抽象名词,常见的有way、time、ability、chance、ambition、promise、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief等。
语境运用
完成句子
①约翰是第一个想出做爆米花来帮助伯纳德挣外快的人。他相信他有能力帮助伯纳德走出困境。(读后续写·心理描写)
John was 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 to help Bernard earn some extra money.He was convinced that he had the ability 　　　　　　　　 Bernard out of the difficulty.
the first person to think of making popcorn
to help
②我能说一口流利的英语,而且我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。
(应用文写作·申请信)
I can speak fluent English and I am 　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　 　　 for further study.
③杨利伟不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人,也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。(应用文写作·人物介绍)
Yang Liwei is not only 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
the first student in my class
to go abroad
the first Chinese to enter space
长难句分析
①Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,②having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
虽然林巧稚终身未婚,但是她被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
分析:这是一个主从复合句。主句是“she was known as the ‘mother of ten thousand babies’”,句①是though引导的让步状语从句;句②是动词-ing形式的完成式,在句中作状语。
情境写作
①虽然薇拉·凯瑟(Willa Cather)在年幼时几乎没有接受过教育,但她被认为是一位优秀的作家,创作了许多有关西部大草原的作品。
　
　
　
Although Willa Cather received little education when she was at an early age,she was known as an excellent writer,having created many works about the western prairie.
语境运用
②虽然这些产品有点贵,但它们经久耐用、永不过时,吸引了许多国内外客户大量订购。
　
　
　
Though these products are a little expensive,they are durable and never out of style,attracting a lot of customers at home and abroad to place large orders.
进阶提升·写作微练
人物语言描写
常用词汇
一、课文词汇
1.complain 抱怨说
2.respond 回答说
3.tell 陈述说
4.say 直接说
5.whisper 低声说
二、补充词汇
6.cry/yell/roar 大声地说
7.scream 尖叫着说
8.chorus 齐声说
9.add 补充说
10.insist 坚持说
11.smile 微笑着说
12.comfort 安慰道
13.moan 呻吟
14.sigh 叹息道
15.ask 询问道
常用句型
一、课本原句
1.“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.
“女孩子读那么多书做什么 找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿!”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
2.She responded,“I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
她回答:“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人,也要学医!”
3.“The OB-GYN department cares for two lives,”she told new staff in her department.
“妇产科救治的是母婴两条生命,”她对科室里新入职的医务人员说道。
4.“I’m ready to go,” she said.“Don’t try to rescue me any more.Don’t waste the medicine any more.”
“我要走了,”她说,“不要再抢救了,不要再浪费药品了。”
二、其他表达
5.“It’s easy,” whispered Tom,“I’ll teach you.”
“很简单,”汤姆低声说,“我会教你的。”
6.Excited and joyful,“We’ll take care of your boots for you!” the children chorused.
孩子们既兴奋又高兴地齐声说:“我们会帮你保管好靴子的!”
7.“Get up,get up!” cried Mr Wonka,roaring with laughter.
“起来,起来!”旺卡先生大笑着说。
8.“How strange that he has never come to see mamma and me!” he murmured.
“他从来没有来看过妈妈和我,这多奇怪!” 他嘟囔着。
9.“No,that’s too noisy,” I said,impatiently.“And it is too cold outside.Let’s stay at home.”
“不去了,那里太吵了!”我不耐烦地说道,“而且现在外面那么冷,还是待在家里吧。”
微写作训练
1.玛丽匆匆地走进来,在沙发上坐下,向父亲抱怨道:“我太累了。我连续工作了好几个小时。”父亲拍了拍她的肩膀,笑着说:“别担心。休息一下,一切都会好的。” “可是我有很多事要做,”她痛苦地补充说。“放松。你不可能同时做所有的事情。一步一步来,”她父亲愉快地安慰道。
　
　
　
　
　
Mary came in hurriedly and sat down on the sofa,complaining to her father,“I’m so tired.I have been working non-stop for hours.” Patting her on the shoulder,her father smiled,“Don’t worry.Take a break and everything will be okay.” “But I have so much to do,” she added bitterly.“Just relax.You can’t do everything at once.Take it one step at a time,”her father comforted pleasantly.
2.多年以后,杰克才知道,他原本以为是钻石的东西,其实只是一小块玻璃。“你当时知道吗,妈妈 ”他小心地问道。他妈妈温和地点了点头。“但是你从来没有告诉过我。”他伤心地说。“对我来说,它比任何真正的钻石都要亮,”她愉快地回答道,“我看到的它闪烁着的光芒是我儿子无私的爱。”的确,世界上没有什么比一颗真诚的心更珍贵。
　
　
　
　
　
　
Years afterwards,Jack learnt that what he had thought was a diamond was only a piece of glass.“Did you know it then,Mum ” he asked carefully.His mother nodded mildly.“But you never told me that,” he said sadly.“To me,it was brighter than any real diamond,” she responded pleasantly.“The brightness I saw flashing in it was the unselfish love of my boy.” Indeed,nothing in the world is more precious than a sincere heart.
课文二次开发利用
课文语法填空
Lin Qiaozhi was born in 1901.When she was only five,her mother died suddenly,1.　　　　 deeply affected her.At age 18,she chose to work and study rather than go into 2.　　 　　(marry) like the majority of girls at that time.When her brother complained,
Miss Lin responded,“I’d rather 3.　　　　 (stay) single to study all my life!”
which
marriage
stay　
In 1929,Miss Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College with the highest prize given to graduates.She immediately became the first woman ever 4.　　　 　 (hire) as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
5.　　 　　 (work) for a few years,Miss Lin was sent to study in Europe.In 1939,her American colleagues,6.　　　　 were greatly impressed by her,invited her to stay,but she rejected the offer and returned to China.
to be hired
Having worked
who
In 1941,Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.However,
because of the war,the department was closed.Dr Lin started a private clinic and continued to treat patients.When the new People’s Republic of China 7.　　　 　 (found),Dr Lin was busy tending patients,publishing
8.　　　　 (medicine) research and training staff.
Although Dr Lin never married,she was known 9.　　　 the “mother of ten thousand babies”.She didn’t retire from her position 10.　 　
she died in 1983.
was founded
medical
as
until
语法专项指导
语法原句再现
1....her brother complained,thinking of the high tuition fees.
2.Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
3.At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语
4.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married,she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
你能分清以上句子中的动词-ing形式在句中作什么成分吗 动词
-ing形式不同的用法有什么不同的意义 你能用动词-ing形式描写人物的行为及其产生的原因、结果或伴随情况吗
语法知识点拨
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间是主谓关系,即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如see、hear、feel、smell、watch、find、listen to、look at、notice、observe等。
We could hear her singing as she ran upstairs.
她跑上楼时,我们听到她在唱歌。
I saw the kind boy helping the old lady cross the street.
我看见那个善良的男孩在帮助那个老太太过马路。
温馨提示
在see、hear、feel、watch等感官动词后,既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时,表示动作正在进行;用省略了to的动词不定式时,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw him run across the road.
我看到他跑过了公路。(强调动作的整个过程)
I saw him running across the road.
我看见他正跑过公路。(强调动作正在进行)
2.表示“指使”等意义的动词,如have、set、keep、leave、get等。
The joke set her crying.
这个玩笑使她哭起来。
The doctor will soon have you walking again.
医生很快就会让你重新走路。
3.动词-ing形式在with复合结构中的使用。
在with复合结构中,动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行或主动关系。
With so many people helping her,she made great progress in English.
有这么多的人帮助她,她的英语取得了很大的进步。
With spring coming on,trees turn green.
春天到了,树变绿了。
温馨提示
动词-ing形式和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别如下所示。
当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时,用动词-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态);当宾语与作宾语补足语的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用过去分词。
We saw him talking to her.
我们看到他正在与她谈话。(动作正在进行)
I saw him beaten by Tom.
我看到他被汤姆打了。(him与beat是被动关系)
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①They use computers to keep the traffic 　　　　 (run) smoothly.
②I felt someone 　　　　(pat) me on the shoulder.
③We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher 　　　　 (do) the experiment.
(2)完成句子
④我发现一个可爱的小孩站在门口,静静地看着我。
I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 at the door,looking at me quietly.
running　
patting
doing
found a lovely kid standing
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语表示在进行一个动作的同时所进行的另一个动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随。
Walking on the street,I met my English teacher.(时间状语)
走在街上的时候,我遇到了我的英语老师。
Being ill,he couldn’t go to school.(原因状语)
因为生病,他不能去上学。
Working hard,you will certainly make progress.(条件状语)
只要刻苦学习,你就会取得进步。
Meeting with great difficulty,he succeeded at last.(让步状语)
尽管遇到了很大的困难,但他最终还是成功了。
My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.(结果状语)
我的车遭遇交通堵塞,于是导致了延误。
Travelling by train,we visited a number of cities.(方式状语)
我们坐火车游览了很多城市。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.(伴随状语)
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁,正在读一本书。
①动词-ing形式作结果状语,是随着谓语动作的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,常用only to do结构,其被动形式为only to be done。
He was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
I hurried to school,only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现那天是周日。
温馨提示
②当动词-ing形式的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用动词-ing形式的完成式。
Having finished the letter,he went to post it.
(having finished 是先发生的,went是后发生的)
他写完信后就去寄信了。
③使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式,这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
Having been shown around the factory,they were very happy.(动词-ing形式的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后,他们很高兴。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(动词-ing形式的主动式)
完成作业后,他上床睡觉了。
④动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构被称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。
The trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.
那些树非常高,其中一些高达90多米。
The weather being fine,we went out for a walk.
天气很好,我们出去散步了。
⑤有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的评注性状语有considering考虑到……、generally speaking一般说来、roughly speaking 大致说来、frankly speaking坦率地说、judging from/by由……判断、supposing如果……、providing如果……、assuming 假设……等。
Judging from his behaviour,he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断,他一定是疯了。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①He glanced over at her,　　　　(note) that though she was tiny,she seemed quite healthy.
②The fire lasted nearly a month,　　 　 (leave) nothing valuable.
③When I was little,my mother used to sit by my bed,　　　　
(tell) me stories until I fell asleep.
noting
leaving
telling
(2)翻译句子
④时间允许的话,我们会参观长城。

⑤看到那些画,她想起了自己的童年。

Time permitting,we will visit the Great Wall.　
Seeing those pictures,she remembered her childhood.
真题赏析
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)　　　 　(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and...,Edmondson said,“...”
2.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America,
where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins,　　　 　 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
Recalling
borrowing
3.(2023·全国乙卷)　　 　　 (visit) several times over the last 10 years,I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,one steamer is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,so I am always left 　　　　 (want) more next time.
5.(2022·全国乙卷)Some mornings,Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children 　　　　 (weep) from the cold.
Having visited
wanting
weeping
答案及剖析:
1.Recalling　考查动词-ing形式作状语。主语Edmondson和动词recall之间为主动关系,用动词-ing形式作状语;位于句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
2.borrowing　考查动词-ing形式作状语。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词begins,设空处在句中作非谓语。逻辑主语her fable与动词borrow之间为主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填borrowing。
3.Having visited　考查动词-ing形式作状语。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作非谓语。逻辑主语I与动词visit之间是主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式作状语;根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Having visited。
4.wanting　考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作非谓语,此处为“leave sb+宾语补足语”结构,逻辑主语I与动词want之间是主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填wanting。
5.weeping　考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。设空处是“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语the children与weep之间为主动关系,应用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。故填weeping。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.　　　　　　(see) nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note.
[变式训练] 　　　　 (see) from the tower,the city looks very beautiful.
2.　　 　　(prepare) for the exam well enough,he didn’t feel nervous.
3.What he said left me 　　 　　(wonder) what was true love for children.
Seeing
Seen
Having prepared
wondering
4.When he came to himself,he found himself 　　　 　 (lie) in hospital.
[变式训练] When he came to himself,he found himself 　　　　　
(surround) by his friends and family.
5.The weather 　　　　 (be) hot,we had to stay at home.
[变式训练] The weather 　　　　 (be) hot,so we had to stay at home.
6.When he saw the pictures,beautiful memories in his childhood came 　　 　　 (flood) in.
lying
surrounded
being
was
flooding
Ⅱ.语篇填空
　　I was walking down the street when I saw a group of children 1.
(play) in the park.They were laughing and running around,2.　　　　
(have) a great time.The sun was shining brightly,3.　　　　 (make) the grass look greener and the flowers more colourful.A dog was chasing a ball,
4.　　　　 (bark) excitedly.I stopped to watch them for a moment,5.　　　
(feel) happy and relaxed.Suddenly,I heard a loud noise 6.　　　　 (come) from behind me.I turned around and saw a car 7.　　　　 (speed) down the road,honking its horn.The driver was looking around nervously,obviously
8.　　　　 (lose).I pointed in the right direction,9.　 　　　 (hope) to help.10.　　　　 (smile) gratefully,the driver drove away.
playing
having　
making
barking
feeling
coming
speeding
lost
hoping
Smiling
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The 　　　　 (困境) of moral choice often demonstrates the complexity of human nature.
2. Finally he 　　　 　 (委托) the task to a person of high moral principles.
3.She 　　　 　 (抱怨) about the lack of moral values in today’s society in her book.
dilemma
entrusted
complained
4. The young driver 　　 　　 (回应) with great moral courage in the face of the accident.
5. He　　 　　 (发表) an article discussing the importance of upholding moral principles in business.
6. Actually,the 　　 　　 (原则) of morality are the foundation of a just society.
7.One’s behaviour often 　　 　　 (阐明) his or her moral character.
responded
published
principles
illustrates
8.An 　　 　　 (精力充沛的) person is more likely to take positive action and make a difference.
9.The company responded quickly to the incident,demonstrating a strong sense of 　　　　(道德的) responsibility.
10.Many　　 　　 (事故) are caused by the neglect of safety regulations.
energetic
moral　
accidents
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.Being patient is one of his 　　　　 (virtue).
2.The statistics are a clear 　 　　　 (illustrate) of the point I am trying to make.
3.His mother 　　　　 (faint) when she heard the sad news.
4.During the trip,we 　　　　 (hire) a local guide to get us across the mountains.
virtues
illustration　
fainted
hired
5.In the last two 　　　　 (decade),the advanced technology has made people live longer.
6.Buy three together and you’ll make a 　　　　 (save) of 60 pence.
7.To my great joy,my parents are going to celebrate their golden
　　　 　 (marry).
8.I’d like to make a 　　 　　 (complain) about the book I bought in your shop.
decades
saving
marriage
complaint
9.Tom studied hard and was willing to help others.Therefore,he
　　　 　 (elect) as our monitor.
10.If you want to see a doctor,you should make an 　　　　
(appoint) with him in advance.
11.I received an encouraging 　　　　 (respond) to my application for admission to university.
12.The company’s 　　　 　 (reject) made him disappointed.
However,he didn’t give up and decided to try again.
was elected
appointment
response
rejection
13.The boy was 　　　　 (scare) to cross the street alone.
14.Mary always gets up early in the morning,feeling 　　　　
(energy) and ready to start a new day.
15.I don’t think teachers will 　　　 　 (replace) by computers in the classroom.
scared
energetic
be replaced
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.她在他耳边低语,警告他可能的道德后果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　,warning him of the potential moral consequences.
2.他在帮助别人时往往更慷慨。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　 when it came to helping others.
3.我从小就发现没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。
Since my childhood I have found that　　　　　　　　 　　
.
She whispered into his ear
tended to be more generous
nothing is more attractive
to me than reading
4. 当我查看他们的作品时,张锐是第一个分享自己故事的人。
When I checked their work,Zhang Rui　　　　　　　　　　　
　 .
5.他抱怨公司缺乏道德领导力。
He 　　　　　　　　　　　　the lack of moral leadership in the company.
6.为了应对危机,公司采取了措施来提高其道德标准。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 the crisis,the company took measures to improve its ethics.
was the first to share his
story
complained about
In response to
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Virtue,by definition,is the moral excellence of a person.Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good.They are honest,respectful,generous,forgiving and kind,for example.They do the right things,and don’t bend to impulses,urges or desires,but act according to values and principles.Some might say good qualities are inborn.Actually,
virtues need to be cultivated.With the habit of being virtuous,we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment.
Virtues are universal and recognised by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being.However,practising virtues is not easy.So often we know that it takes perseverance to reach our goals,and we still never get there.We know that if we forgive,we’ll be less angry.We know it takes courage to accomplish great things.So why then,if we know what to do,are we still stuck
We have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples:
Kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport;trust in a relationship creates valuable,meaningful relationships;gratitude for a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a more fulfilling career;service to others can change lives,better neighbourhoods and create stronger nations.
We know we are becoming more virtuous people,not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us.Our friends,families,co-workers,and neighbours will trust and rely on us.They will come to us for guidance and help.They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people.Practising virtues allows us to develop our potential,and live a more purposeful,better life.
语篇导读:本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了践行美德能让我们开发自己的潜能,过上更有意义、更美好的生活。
(　　)1.What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph
A.They are born with virtues.
B.They never make a mistake.
C.They have a habit of doing good.
D.They act on the principle of profit.
√
答案及剖析:
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,道德高尚的人有行善的习惯。故选C。
(　　)2.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.Satisfying careers.
B.Practice of virtues.
C.Trust in a relationship.
D.Basic qualities of well-being.
√
答案及剖析:
2.B　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,本段主要讲的是践行美德并非易事,需要坚持。此段与践行美德有关。故选B。
(　　)3.What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph
A.A good greeting.
B.A great atmosphere.
C.A good goodbye.
D.A close relationship.
√
答案及剖析:
3.D　猜测词义题。根据画线词前面的“kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build”可知,此处是指对那些经历了糟糕的一天的人施以善意,可以让他或她微笑,从而建立“融洽的关系”,所以画线词可意为“融洽的关系”。故选D。
(　　)4.What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph
A.To encourage readers to be more virtuous.
B.To encourage readers to live a purposeful life.
C.To encourage readers to offer others guidance.
D.To encourage readers to develop others’ potential.
√
答案及剖析:
4.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,践行美德可以让我们开发自己的潜力,过上更有意义、更美好的生活,故可推断出最后一段作者的目的是鼓励人们践行美德。故选A。
B
In 2015,Professor Wang Zhenyi,who specialises in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)(急性早幼粒细胞白血病),
received a letter of thanks from America.The writer of the letter was Mrs Bernadette Giandomenico,who once suffered from APL but was cured with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)(全反式维甲酸),a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
Working at Ruijin Hospital,Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukemia.He received the country’s highest honour in science and technology in 2010.
Born in 1924 in Shanghai,Wang was inspired by a family friend’s experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child.His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid (伤寒) further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients.With outstanding academic performance,Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital,today’s Ruijin Hospital.
In 1978,a research paper from foreign experts gave Wang inspiration on studying how leukemia cells could become normal.His research didn’t progress as expected,though.In 1983,another research paper shed light on his study.As the paper suggested,after being treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid,
white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal.Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13-cis-retinoic acid,Wang’s team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA,and they verified its positive effect after several months’ experiments.In 1986,the drug was first adopted in treating a five-year-old patient.It turned out successful.After eight years of research,Wang’s team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL.
To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine,
Wang has not patented (获取专利权) his research result to date.
“One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,” Wang said in an interview.“However,without a kind heart,a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”
Having worked in the field of hematopathology (血液病理学) for over 70 years,Wang has been well recognised for his remarkable contribution to saving lives.
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了获得了国家最高科学技术奖的王振义教授的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程。
(　　)5.Why did Mrs Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang
A.To express her thanks.
B.To ask for medical suggestions.
C.To share her battle against APL.
D.To update information about APL treatment.
√
答案及剖析:
5.A　 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,2015年专门治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的王振义教授收到了一封来自美国的感谢信。这封信的作者是Bernadette Giandomenico女士,她曾经患有APL,但用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治愈了,这是王教授和他的医疗团队开发的一种治疗药物。由此可知,她给王教授写信是为了表达她的感激。故选A。
(　　)6.What increased Wang’s determination to become a doctor
A.His grandmother’s death.
B.The example of a family friend.
C.His great academic achievements.
D.The inspiration from foreign experts.
√
答案及剖析:
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知,祖母的去世坚定了王振义要成为一名医生的决心。故选A。
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “verified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Denied. B.Researched.
C.Predicted. D.Confirmed.
√
答案及剖析:
7.D　猜测词义题。根据画线词后文“its positive effect after several months’ experiments...It turned out successful.”可知,团队决定用ATRA代替该成分,并经过几个月的实验验证了其积极作用。由此可推测,画线词verified意为“验证”,与Confirmed“证实”意思一致。故选D。
(　　)8.What is the best title for the text
A.The Application of ATRA
B.A Doctor with a Kind Heart
C.The Chinese Cure for APL Patients
D.The Remarkable Honours a Lifesaver Got
√
答案及剖析:
8.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了王振义教授的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程,他为挽救生命做出了卓越的贡献。由此可知,B项适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。
C
Many people avoid apologising because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable.“We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate,”says Ryan Fehr,a professor at the University of Washington.“Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don’t always live up to our own standards.We might also fear that others won’t accept our apology,further damaging our positive sense of self.For these reasons,an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many,apologising is stressful,awkward and uncomfortable.But a heartfelt apology has positive effects.It can improve your mental health,repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apologies act as a signal of one’s moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements:expressing regret,explaining what went wrong,acknowledging responsibility,offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness.All five aren’t necessary every time.“The more of those elements are included,the more likely the apology is seen as convincing,”says Roy Lewicki,the lead study author.“Acknowledgement of responsibility turns out to be the most important piece,followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes,an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead,a psychology professor at Cardiff University.“But if one is angry at your wrongdoing,it may be more effective to wait,because his or her anger may stop him or her accepting an apology.Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology’s effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on his or her misdeeds,”says Mara Olekalns,a professor of management at Melbourne Business School.“The best time to apologise is when one feels ready to sincerely apologise,”says Etienne Mullet,research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies.“There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要说明了道歉是一个人道德品质的标志并阐述了应如何做有效的道歉。
(　　)9.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologise
A.Because they are kind and considerate people.
B.Because they are afraid of losing face.
C.Because they believe themselves right.
D.Because they have high moral standards.
√
答案及剖析:
9.B　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知,对许多人来说,道歉是一种有压力的、令人尴尬的、不舒服的行为。故选B。
(　　)10.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology
A.To express regret.
B.To express what went wrong.
C.To accept responsibility.
D.To request forgiveness.
√
答案及剖析:
10.C　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,有效的道歉中最重要的便是承担责任。故选C。
(　　)11.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph
A.The sooner,the better.
B.The later,the better.
C.The more often,the better.
D.The more genuine,the better.
√
答案及剖析:
11.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了;也就是说道歉时,态度越诚恳越好。故选D。
(　　)12.What is the passage mainly about
A.How you can make an effective apology.
B.Why people avoid apologising.
C.What benefits you can get from an apology.
D.When you can make a heartfelt apology.
√
答案及剖析:
12.A　主旨大意题。文章第一段指出许多人拒绝道歉;第二段讲述了真诚的道歉有积极的影响;第三、第四段就做有效的道歉进行了说明。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
Forgiveness is often considered as an important decision to let go of feelings of anger towards someone who you believe has wronged you.However,while you may be quite generous in your ability to forgive others,you can be much harder on yourself.
1.　　　.
D
Accept the result of your actions
Forgiving yourself is about more than just putting the past behind you and moving on.2.　　　.Facing what you have done or what has happened is the first step towards self-forgiveness.It’s also the hardest step.If you have been making excuses in order to make them seem acceptable,it is time to accept what you have done.
C
Treat yourself with kindness and compassion (同情)
Forgiving yourself requires facing your actions,but it is important to reach this with self-compassion.3.　　　.Try to be compassionate instead of being self-critical (自我批评的).
4.　　
Making a correction is an important part of forgiveness,even when the person you are forgiving is yourself.One way to move past your regret is to take action to correct your mistakes.
G
A
Learn from the experience
Forgiving yourself often requires finding a way to learn from the experience and make an active effort to do better in the future.
To do this,you need to understand why you behave the way you did and why you feel sorry.What steps can you take to prevent the same behaviours again in the future 5.　　　,rather than feel sorry about those past mistakes.
F
A. Make a correction
B.Be aware of others’ feelings
C.It is about accepting what has happened
D.The following steps may help you learn how to forgive yourself
E.You need to tell yourself that thoughts are not facts
F.Remind yourself of what you learnt to guide your actions going forward
G.The key is to treat yourself with the same kindness you show to another person
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了宽恕自己的方法。
答案及剖析:
1.D　根据上文以及下文中给的建议可知,设空处应承接上文并能引出下文的建议。D项符合题意,其中The following steps对应下文中的建议。故选D。
2.C　根据上下文可知,设空处应描述怎样原谅自己。C项符合题意,其中It is about对应上文“Forgiving yourself is about more than”以及“accepting what has happened”对应下文“Facing what you have done or what has happened”。故选C。
3.G　根据小标题以及设空处前内容可知,设空处应描述要怎样善待自己。G项符合题意,其中“treat yourself with the same kindness”对应小标题中的“Treat yourself with kindness”。故选G。
4.A　设空处为小标题,所以应能总结下文。根据下文可知,小标题的内容应为改变自己,做出修正。A项正好能概括下文,符合题意。故选A。
5.F　根据小标题“Learn from the experience”和设空处前后内容可知,设空处应描述应该怎样做才能防止同样的行为再次发生。F项中的what you learnt对应小标题“Learn from the experience”。故选F。
Ⅲ.语法填空
My husband and I were watering 1.　　　　 (flower) in the yard when we saw an old man 2.　　　　 (pass) by.He stopped to talk with us.He asked us to guess his age and I thought he was 75 years old.However,that was
3.　　 　　 (obvious) wrong.He was actually 94! He said he couldn’t find people to talk to.I invited him to sit on our bench.I asked him 4.　　　　 the secret to his longevity(长寿) was.He told me that he had been a rich lawyer before retiring but he wanted a 5.　　　　 (peace) mind.Then someone advised him that he should try to help others to have peace of mind.
flowers
passing
obviously
what
peaceful
Then,the new friend made a 6.　　　 　 (contribute) to charity.He gave away all his pension (退休金).He said he lived with his son and didn’t need the money.He enjoyed 7.　　　　 (talk)and accepted my offer of some desserts(甜点).After a few minutes,the desserts for his son 8.　　　 　 　
(pack) too and he gave me a silk scarf as 9.　　　　 gift.I am grateful for this chance,which makes me know that if you want peace of mind,do be helpful to others.This chance also reminds me 10.　　　　 a precious idea:To practise peace!
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位长者聊天之后,被长者的做法启发,立志要通过帮助他人以保持平静的心态。
contribution
talking
were packed
a
of/about
答案及剖析:
1.flowers　考查名词复数。flower为可数名词,空前没有限定词修饰,应用复数形式表泛指。故填flowers。
2.passing　考查非谓语动词。设空处作宾语补足语,与宾语an old man构成主动关系,故填passing。
3.obviously　考查副词。应用副词修饰形容词wrong,故填obviously。
4.what　考查宾语从句。设空处应是asked后的宾语从句的连接词,且在从句中作表语,意为“什么”。故填what。
5.peaceful　考查形容词。根据空后的名词mind可知,修饰名词应用形容词,故填peaceful。
6.contribution　考查名词。“make a contribution to...”意为“向……捐款;对……做贡献”。故填contribution。
7.talking　考查非谓语动词。enjoy后接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填talking。
8.were packed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。and连接两个并列成分,设空处为前一分句的谓语,根据后一分句的时态可知,应用一般过去时,主语the desserts为复数,且与动词pack构成被动关系,故填were packed。
9.a　考查冠词。gift是可数名词,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词且gift以辅音音素开头。故填a。
10.of/about　考查介词。remind sb of/about sth意为“提醒某人某事;使某人想起某事”,故填of/about。
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