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人教新目标版 八年级下
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
2d&Grammar focus-4c优质课
Learning objectives
1.掌握本课时重点词汇和句型：raise, midnight, alone,put up, be busy with, be worried about...等.
2. 能够了解动词不定式的基本用法，在实际运用中体会和领悟不定式的表意功能。
3.掌握动词不定式的用法和功能；短语动词。
4. 培养学生为他人着想，热爱公益事业，乐于助人的优良品质。
Warming-up
With the aging of the population, there are more and more old people in China.
We’re all going to be old one day. We should care for the old.
Have you ever worked in an old people’s home
What can we do in an old people’s home
Brainstorm
cut their hair
read the newspaper
give out watermelons
talk to them
put on a performance
What can we do in an old people’s home
What are they talking about
They are talking about working in an old people’s home.
1. Where’s Helen going to work this summer
Read the conversation and answer the questions.
2.How did Tom help out with the old people
4.Why did Tom and Helen think they should listen to and
care for the old people
3.What did the old people tell Tom
She’s going to work in an old people’s home.
Reading the newspaper or just talking to the old people.
The stories about the past and how things used to be.
We’re all going to be old one day, too.
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m __________________to work in an old people’s
home this summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ______________________
Tom: Mm…things like reading the newspaper to the old people,
or just ___________ them. They told me stories about the
past and how things _________.
Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. We should
_____________ and _____________.
Helen: You’re right. I mean, we’re all going to be old one day, too.
making some plans
ask you to help out with
talking to
used to be
listen to them
care for them
制定一些计划
help (sb.) out 分担……工作；帮一把；帮助（某人）摆脱困境
talk to sb.与某人交谈
tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事
used to 曾经…；过去…
孤独的
listen to sb. 听某人的话
照顾
Listen and read.
2d
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Language points
used to 曾经……；过去…… 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。
He used to be a teacher.
He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses.
【拓展延伸】 be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。
Mario is used to volunteering at an animal hospital now.
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
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2.①Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.
②I want to travel alone.
lonely 形容词 意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法） 意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语 alone 副词 意为“独自；单独”，相当于by oneself。（②句中用法） 强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感彩。
形容词 意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。 Though John was not alone, he was lonely.
虽然约翰并不是独自一个人,他却感觉寂寞。
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care
care for照顾；非常喜欢
care about 关心；在意
take care当心；小心
take care of 照顾
【归纳总结】 与care相关的短语：
care for在此处意为“照顾”，相当于look after 或take care of。
care for还可意为“非常喜欢”，常与not连用。
She cared for my little baby when I went out.
我出去时，她照看我的小孩子。
She doesn't care for skating.她不喜欢滑冰。
3. We should listen to them and care for them.
Tom worked in an old people's home 　 　 summer. He did many things to help the old people, like reading 　 ____ or just talking to them.The old people told him 　　__ about the past and how things 　 ____ be.Tom thinks that a lot of people are ______ so we should listen to them and _________ them. Helen agrees with Tom, because she thinks we are
all going to be 　 one day.
last
newspapers
stories
used to
lonely
care for
old
Fill in the blanks according to the conversation.
Post reading
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Role-play the conversation.
Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work...
Really I did that last summer!
Post reading
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Please underline the infinitive structures.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
I’d like to do
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
“to+动词原形”，
有时to可省略。
Grammar Focus
一、动词不定式（infinitive）
定义
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。
构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)。
动词不定式（infinitive）
用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
做主语
用法
To travel around the world is his dream.
To learn English is important and useful.
动词不定式（infinitive）
一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
做主语
用法
To travel around the world is his dream.
动词不定式（infinitive）
=It is his dream to travel around the world.
To learn English is important and useful.
=It important and useful to learn English.
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。
做宾语
用法
We decide to plant trees this weekend.
动词不定式（infinitive）
I want to be a volunteer.
做宾语
用法
动词不定式（infinitive）
三个希望(hope, wish, want)
两答应(agree, promise)
两个要求(demand, ask)莫拒绝(refuse)
设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide)
不要假装(pretend)在选择(choose)
不定式作
宾语的动词
做宾语补足语
用法
动词不定式（infinitive）
Our teacher asked us to clean the classroom
after school.
Mary invited her friends to come
to her birthday party.
动词不定式用来补充说明宾语的情况。
做宾语补足语
用法
动词不定式（infinitive）
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
tell, ask, want, teach, wish, promise, expect, invite, help, order, would like
做宾语补足语
用法
动词不定式（infinitive）
感官动词(hear, see, watch, feel, notice, listen to, look at等)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I saw them enter the room.
做宾语补足语
用法
动词不定式（infinitive）
I saw them enter the room.
When I passed the classroom,
I saw them singing.
see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”，表示看见了事情的全过程或者多次看见。宾语补足语的动作已完成，动词用省略to的不定式。
see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”，表示宾语补足语的动作正在进行，动词用动名词形式。
其他感官动词也是这样的用法哦！
做宾语补足语
用法
动词不定式（infinitive）
使役动词(make, let, have)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
My parents make me do some housework.
做宾语补足语
用法
动词不定式（infinitive）
help后面的动词不定式可加to，也可不加to。
Could you help me (to) carry the box
做宾语补足语
用法
动词不定式（infinitive）
一感(feel)二听(listen to, hear)
三让(let, make, have)
四看(look at, see, watch, notice)
半帮助(help)
(即在动词 help 后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)
后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语
做表语
用法
My dream is to be an astronaut.
动词不定式（infinitive）
Her job is to look after sick children.
动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构：
My/Her/His job/dream/goal/aim is…
做定语
用法
I have much homework to do.
动词不定式（infinitive）
He wants to have something to eat.
用法
I have a pen to write with.
动词不定式（infinitive）
She doesn’t have a house to live in.
不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系，若是不及物动词, 介词不能省略。
做定语
做状语
用法
To keep healthy, he runs in the park every day.
动词不定式（infinitive）
We should work together to save the Earth.
目的状语:动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，位于句首或句尾。
做状语
用法
I’m happy to see you again.
动词不定式（infinitive）
I am sorry to trouble you.
原因状语:在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。
做状语
用法
He is old enough to go to school by himself.
动词不定式（infinitive）
He is too shy to ask anyone for help.
结果状语可用于too...to...结构中。
疑问词+不定式
用法
He doesn’t know where to go.
动词不定式（infinitive）
Could you tell me how to learn English
与特殊疑问词连用：放在what, which, where, when, which, who, how等词之后。
用法
疑问词
+不定式
做主语
做定语
做宾语
补足语
做状语
做表语
做宾语
总结
(summary)
动词不定式（infinitive）
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Please circle the phrasal verbs.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
Grammar Focus
类型
动词+副词
give away 捐赠 hand out 分发
put up 举起；张贴 put off 推迟
副词有：
up, out, down, off, away, in...
二、动词短语（phrasal verb）
类型
动词+副词
名词作宾语时，可放在动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时只能放在动词和副词之间。
Can you help me pick up the pen
He gave them away to poor children.
Can you help me pick the pen up
类型
动词+介词
wait for 等待 laugh at 嘲
look after 照顾 agree with 同意
介词后须有宾语，宾语位于介词后。介词有：for, after, about, of, with, at...
类型
动词+介词
wait for 等待 laugh at 嘲
look after 照顾 agree with 同意
Do you agree with me
She is waiting for the bus.
类型
动词+副词
+介词
come up with 想出
look forward to 盼望
get on with 和睦相处
相当于及物动词，宾语总是位于介词之后
类型
动词+副词
+介词
come up with 想出
look forward to 盼望
get on with 和睦相处
She came up with a good idea.
I am looking forward to your reply.
类型
动词+名词
have a cold 感冒
make a difference 影响；有作用
take a walk 散步
They take a walk in the park.
She had a cold last week.
类型
动词+名词
+介词
take part in 参加
pay attention to 注意
make friends with 交朋友
We can make friends with nice people.
I want to take part in the football match.
类型
be动词+
形容词+介词
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be similar to 类似的
be different from 与……不同
He is interested in fishing.
They are different from each other.
类型
总结
(summary)
动词+副词
动词+介词
动词+副词+介词
动词+名词
动词+名词+介词
be动词+形容词+介词
动词短语（phrasal verb）
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with give out
put off
1. I want to ______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
put off
2. She hopes to ______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
call up
3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to _______ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
4a
be busy with... 忙于，后接名词或代词
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs 1.________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 2. _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do 3. _______others.
to make
to do
to help
There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way 4. ________ our free time. For example, we can make plans 5.______ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year 6. _______ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
to spend
to visit
to move
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
4b
be worried about 担心……
为……筹款
1. I’d like to volunteer _____________________________________
2. At 12: a.m., I called my friend ______________________________
to help kids with their homework.
to play soccer together.
3. I’m very busy but I could help ______________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want_____________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not)_____________________
take the trash out after dinner.
to go camping with my friends.
not to do that.
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
4c
9. A friend in need is a friend indeed. All of us need a friend _______.（黑龙江-绥化）
to talk with B. talking with C. to talk
10.---Would you like ____ a film with us tonight
--- Sorry, I have to help my mother do housework.（黑龙江-大庆）
A. see B. to see C. seeing D.to seeing
中考链接
32. —Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network
—Right. 5G will allow us _________ English movies faster than ever. (湖北-咸宁)
A. download B. downloads
C. to download D. downloading
中考链接
35. — Come and see! The baby is crying.
—Please do something to make him____________. (湖北-咸宁)
A. stop crying B. stop to cry C. crying D. cry
34. ---In my opinion, animals shouldn’t be kept for fun.
---I think so. Forests are the best places for animals ________.
(湖北-孝感)
A. live B. living C. to live D. to live in
中考链接
6. Our school has _____ a sign at the gate saying “Greet our child with a smile, not a mobile” .（黑龙江-齐齐哈尔）
A. put up B. put off
C. put on D. broke out
中考链接
23. ---I don’t think teachers should give too much homework to _____
the free time of students．（贵州-安顺）
---Exactly!
A. give up B. take up C. look up D. put up

8. Those young firemen were brave enough to __________ the fire in
the forest. （江苏-淮安）
A. work out B. put out C. hand out D. look out
中考链接
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php

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