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试卷类型：A
2025年深圳市高三年级第一次调研考试
英 语 2025.2
试卷共8页，卷面满分120分，折算成130分计入总分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
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4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Are you interested in how marine(海洋的) ecosystems work Do you want to know more about marine animals Bowling Green State University(BGSU) has one of the few camps in the Midwest where high school students can explore life at sea!
Camp Dates: June 8-13、2025
What kinds of activities do campers get to do
·Field trips to locations around Northwest Ohio to examine marine life and environments
·Hands-on activities to practice specimen(标本) collection procedures
·Design and run an experiment in our research lab
·Behind-the-scene trip to the Toledo Zoo to learn about marine animals
·Meet professionals to learn what it means to be a marine scientist
What does the cost cover
The BGSU Marine Biology camp will offer both residential and non-residential options. The cost of the non-residential program is $850, with an additional $400 fee for the residential option. The total program cost covers room and board, all materials for labs and activities as well as transportation for field trips. A 10% discount is available for early admission.
Application Requirements
·Letter of recommendation
·Complete the online form
·Complete responses to short-answer questions
Note: Answers to questions provided by anyone other than that applicant will disqualify the application.
Application Deadlines
·March 2,2025 — To be considered for early admission. Applicants will be informed by March 14.
·April 25.2025 — General Application Deadline.
Note: All spaces may fill after selection from the early admission deadline.
21. What does the camp offer
A. Sample gathering practice. B. Field trips to nature museums.
C. Research lab membership. D. Lectures on marine knowledge.
22. What is the early admission cost for the residential option
A. $400. B. $765. C. $1,125. D. $1,250.
23. Which of the following will result in an applicant’s disqualification
A. Forgetting to confirm admission. B. Providing responses given by others.
C. Missing the early application deadline. D. Failing to recommend other applicants.
21. 答案是A。根据文中“Hands - on activities to practice specimen(标本) collection procedures”可知，营地提供样本采集实践活动，A选项“Sample gathering practice”与之相符；文中提到的是“Field trips to locations around Northwest Ohio to examine marine life and environments”，并非去自然博物馆，B选项错误；文中只是说可以在研究实验室设计并进行实验，并非提供研究实验室会员资格，C选项错误；文中未提及海洋知识讲座，D选项错误。
22. 答案是C。首先，非住宿项目费用是 850美元，住宿选项需额外支付400 美元，所以住宿项目原价是 1250 美元。又因为提前录取有10% 的折扣，那么提前录取的住宿选项费用为1125美元，C选项正确。
23. 答案是B。根据文中“Answers to questions provided by anyone other than that applicant will disqualify the application.”可知，由申请人以外的任何人提供的问题答案将使申请无效，B选项“Providing responses given by others”与之相符；A选项“忘记确认录取”、C选项“错过提前申请截止日期”、D选项“未能推荐其他申请人”在文中均未提及会导致申请无效。
A篇重点单词和词组及其解释：
1. ecosystems：生态系统
2. marine：海洋的；海生的；航海的
3. specimen：标本；样本（如 “practice specimen collection procedures”练习标本采集程序）
4. residential：居住的；住宅的；提供住宿的（文中 “residential option”表示住宿选择 ，“non - residential”即非住宿的）
5. additional：额外的；附加的（“an additional$400 fee”额外400美元的费用）
6. discount：折扣（“A 10% discount is available for early admission.”提前录取可享受10%的折扣）
7. recommendation：推荐；推荐信（“Letter of recommendation”推荐信）
8. application：申请；应用（文中 “Application Requirements”申请要求，“Application Deadlines”申请截止日期）
9. deadline：截止日期（“Application Deadlines”申请截止日期，如 “March 2,2025 — To be considered for early admission. ”3月2日为提前录取考虑的截止日期）
10. disqualify：使丧失资格；取消……的资格（“Answers to questions provided by anyone other than that applicant will disqualify the application.”除申请人以外任何人提供的问题答案将使申请失去资格）
B
Jules Verne is widely regarded as one of the fathers of science fiction. His “Extraordinary Voyages(航海)” series transport readers on grand adventures to the far reaches of Earth and beyond. But Verne did more than just tell entertaining stories — he also predicted over 100 modern-day inventions and technologies in his writings.
For example, in the 1889 short story In the Year 2889, Verne painted a picture of a highly networked world with global multimedia communications. He described the “phonotelephone” which sent sound and images over great distances. The main character, Fritz Napoleon Smith, is able to easily communicate via this technology with his wife on another continent:
“Mr. Smith was able distinctly to see his wife despite the distance that separated him from her... Mrs. Smith immediately appeared on the telephotic screen, with her features smiling and her eyes moist (潮湿的) with tears.”
Verne’s technically-grounded adventure tales represented a new approach to imagining the future through fiction. Unlike other writers of his day who penned more fanciful or supernatural stories, Verne aimed for realism in his futuristic visions, always basing them on cutting-edge science and his own extensive research. This laid the foundation for the “hard science fiction” of the 20th century and beyond.
Verne is often thought of as a technological optimist, a champion of scientific progress and innovation. But his writings also reveal another perspective. Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist whose inventions ultimately bring more harm than good. Captain Nemo in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea uses his submarine(潜艇) to violently attack ships. For Verne human nature determined whether technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction.
The spirit of adventure in Verne’s timeless stories will live on, continuing to inspire generations to push the boundaries of the possible and create the world of tomorrow. That is perhaps the greatest achievement of the extraordinary voyages of Jules Verne.
24. How does Mr. Smith contact his wife in In the Year 2889
A. By holding an in-person talk. B. By making a long-distance call.
C. By sending a letter back home. D. By having an instant video chat.
25. What is the “hard science fiction” based on
A. The unrealistic fantasies. B. The fictional technologies.
C. The latest research findings. D. The imagined future worlds.
26. What can we infer about Verne from Captain Nemo’s story
A. He is disappointed with human nature.
B. He is aware of the danger of technology.
C. He is in favour of scientific development.
D. He is different from the writers of his time.
27. Which of the following best describes Jules Verne according to the text
A. Strong-willed. B. Fantasy-seeking.
C. Positive-minded. D. Forward-thinking.
24题答案
D. By having an instant video chat
解析：题目问史密斯先生在《In the Year 2889》中如何联系他的妻子。根据文中“He described the 'phonotelephone' which sent sound and images over great distances. Mr. Smith was able distinctly to see his wife despite the distance that separated him from her. Mrs. Smith immediately appeared on the telephotic screen”可知，通过“phonotelephone”这种能远距离传输声音和图像的设备，史密斯先生能看到妻子出现在屏幕上，这符合即时视频聊天的特征。A选项“By holding an in - person talk”（面对面交谈），显然不符合远距离的设定；B选项“By making a long - distance call”（打长途电话），长途电话只能听到声音，不能看到图像；C选项“By sending a letter back home”（寄信回家），寄信速度慢且不能即时交流，所以答案是D。
25题 答案
C. The latest research findings.
解析 ：题目问“硬科幻小说”基于什么。文中提到“Verne aimed for realism in his futuristic visions, always basing them on cutting - edge science and his own extensive research. This laid the foundation for the 'hard science fiction' of the 20th century and beyond.”，说明凡尔纳以前沿科学和自己广泛的研究为基础来创作有现实感的未来想象，而这些为“硬科幻小说”奠定了基础，所以“硬科幻小说”是基于最新的研究发现，C选项正确。A选项“不切实际的幻想”，与文中强调的基于现实不符；B选项“虚构的技术”不准确，不是单纯虚构，而是基于科学研究；D选项“想象的未来世界”，没有突出基于科学研究这一关键，所以答案是C。
26题答案
B. He is aware of the danger of technology.
解析：题目问从尼莫船长的故事中我们能推断出凡尔纳什么。文中说“Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist whose inventions ultimately bring more harm than good. Captain Nemo in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea uses his submarine to violently attack ships.”，许多故事中科学家的发明带来更多危害，尼莫船长用潜艇暴力攻击船只，这表明凡尔纳意识到了技术可能带来的危险，B选项正确。A选项“他对人性失望”，文章未体现；C选项“他支持科学发展”，从尼莫船长故事看，更强调技术的危害，并非单纯支持科学发展；D选项“他与同时代作家不同”，不是从尼莫船长故事推断出的主要内容，所以答案是B。
27题答案
D. Forward - thinking
解析 ：题目问根据文章，以下哪个最能描述儒勒·凡尔纳。文章讲述了凡尔纳在作品中预测了100多项现代发明和技术，以现实为基础想象未来，为“硬科幻小说”奠定基础等，这些都体现了他具有前瞻性，D选项“Forward - thinking”（有前瞻性的）正确。A选项“Strong - willed”（意志坚强的），文中未体现他意志方面的内容；B选项“Fantasy - seeking”（寻求幻想），他的创作并非单纯寻求幻想，而是基于科学研究；C选项“Positive - minded”（积极乐观的），虽然他被认为是技术乐观主义者，但从他作品中对技术危害的描述看，这个词不能全面概括他，所以答案是D。
B篇选项中的重要单词和短语
1. contact：动词，意为“联系；联络”。例如：I will contact you by phone.（我会通过电话联系你。）
2. in - person：形容词，“亲自的；当面的” 。例如：He made an in - person appearance at the meeting.（他亲自出席了会议。）
3. long - distance：形容词，“长途的；远距离的” 。例如：a long - distance call（长途电话）
4. instant：形容词，“立即的；即时的” 。例如：instant coffee（速溶咖啡）；在文中“instant video chat”指“即时视频聊天”。
5. unrealistic：形容词，“不切实际的；空想的” 。例如：an unrealistic plan（不切实际的计划）
6. fantasy：名词，“幻想；想象” 。例如：Children often have a lot of fantasies.（孩子们常常有许多幻想。）
7. fictional：形容词，“虚构的；小说的” 。例如：fictional characters（虚构的人物）
8. technology：名词，“技术；工艺” 。例如：modern technology（现代技术）
9. finding：名词，常用复数形式“findings”，意为“调查发现；研究结果” 。例如：The latest findings show that...（最新研究结果表明……）
10. infer：动词，“推断；推论” 。例如：What can we infer from the passage （从这篇文章我们能推断出什么？）
11. aware：形容词，“意识到；知道” ，常用搭配“be aware of”。例如：He is aware of the danger.（他意识到了危险。）
12. in favour of：介词短语，“支持；赞成” 。例如：I am in favour of this idea.（我赞成这个想法。）
13. describe：动词，“描述；形容” 。例如：Can you describe what he looks like （你能描述一下他长什么样吗？）
14. strong - willed：形容词，“意志坚强的” 。例如：a strong - willed person（意志坚强的人）
15. fantasy - seeking：合成词，可理解为“追求幻想的”。
16. positive - minded：合成词，“心态积极的” 。例如：a positive - minded attitude（积极的心态）
17. forward - thinking：形容词，“有前瞻性的；有远见的” 。例如：a forward - thinking leader（有远见的领导）
C
Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities. It’s usually seen as a good thing. But is it possible that we might benefit from a little less confidence in our beliefs
For many years, Dr. Mark Leary, a neuroscientist at Duke University in Durham, N.C., has studied the role of people’s beliefs in their behavior. He found overconfidence is very common, especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. The good news is that there’s a “vaccine(疫苗)” for overconfidence, and that’s what scientists call “intellectual humility” — recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong.
A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new knowledge. They ended up knowing more at the end of the day. But does it actually help you beyond that
To find out more, Dr. Tenelle Porter at Ball State University conducted a series of studies with high school students. She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they’d change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test.
Students who didn’t see their knowledge could be wrong might instead just sail through their studying and wouldn’t stop to ask themselves if they truly understood what they read, heard,or did. Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test,they found they didn’t actually understand as much as they had thought.
Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it’s important to remember that questioning beliefs isn’t always about replacing old ones with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking “baby steps.”
28. Why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger
A. To express his sorrow for the loss. B. To stress the high risk of space flights.
C. To show the result of wrong operation. D. To give an example of overconfidence.
29. What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter’s research
A. It urged students to gain recognition.
B. It encouraged students to take exams.
C. It helped students to adjust learning methods.
D. It motivated students to memorize knowledge.
30. What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in paragraph 5
A. Fully mastered a subject. B. Put great effort into a subject
C. Really enjoyed a subject. D. Benefited a lot from a subject.
31. What will probably be discussed in the following paragraphs
A. Why questioning our belief is hard. B. Why intellectual humility is helpful.
C. How to become a confident person. D. How to practice intellectual humility.
28. 答案及解析
- 答案：D
- 解析：文章第二段提到“He found overconfidence is very common especially when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger.”，作者先指出过度自信很常见且会导致灾难性决定，接着举例1986年美国国家航空航天局对太空飞行风险的过度自信的看法，进而导致了挑战者号的爆炸。所以提到挑战者号爆炸是为了举例说明过度自信带来的后果，选项D“To give an example of overconfidence.”符合。选项A“To express his sorrow for the loss”表达对损失的悲伤，文中未体现；选项B“To stress the high risk of space flights”强调太空飞行的高风险，重点并非强调风险，而是过度自信的后果；选项C“To show the result of wrong operation”展示错误操作的结果，文章强调的是过度自信这一信念导致的结果，而非错误操作。
29. 答案及解析
- 答案：C
- 解析：根据第四段“She found that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they'd change their study strategics to improve their performance and master the material for the next test.”可知，具有智性谦逊的学生更有可能自我测试，找出理解中的漏洞，并且根据测试成绩改变学习策略。选项C“It helped students to adjust learning methods.”帮助学生调整学习方法，符合文意。选项A“It urged students to gain recognition”促使学生获得认可，文中未提及；选项B“It encouraged students to take exams”鼓励学生参加考试，不是鼓励单纯参加考试，而是通过自我测试等方式提升学习；选项D“It motivated students to memorize knowledge”激励学生记忆知识，文中重点是调整学习方法而非单纯记忆知识。
30. 答案及解析
- 答案：A
- 解析：根据第五段“Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to explain it on a test, they found they didn't actually understand as much as they had thought.”可知，这些学生原以为自己对某个科目got a subject down pat，但在考试中被要求解释时，发现自己并没有想象中理解得那么多，所以got a subject down pat意思应该是“完全掌握了一个科目”，选项A“Fully mastered a subject.”符合。选项B“Put great effort into a subject”在一个科目上投入很大努力，与后文实际理解情况不符；选项C“Really enjoyed a subject”真的喜欢一个科目，文章重点在掌握程度；选项D“Benefited a lot from a subject”从一个科目中受益很多，也不符合文意。
31. 答案及解析
- 答案：D
- 解析：文章最后一段提到“Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it's important to remember that questioning beliefs isn't always about replacing old ones with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking "baby steps." ”，指出质疑自己的信念很难，并且提到如果觉得难可以尝试“小步前进”，接下来很可能会讨论如何实践智性谦逊，也就是如何去质疑自己的信念，选项D“How to practice intellectual humility.”符合。选项A“Why questioning our belief is hard”质疑信念为何难，前文已提及；选项B“Why intellectual humility is helpful”智性谦逊为何有帮助，前文已阐述；选项C“How to become a confident person”如何成为一个自信的人，与文章最后话题不符。
考点
这几道题主要考查对文章细节的理解以及对文章内容走向的推断。做这类阅读理解题时，要紧扣文章内容，准确理解每个段落的主旨以及作者的意图，通过对选项与原文内容的细致比对来得出答案。
C篇重要单词及其解释
1. neuroscientist：神经科学家。这是由“neuro -”（表示“神经的”）和“scientist”（科学家）组成的复合词。
2. disastrous：灾难性的；极糟糕的。例如：The flood caused disastrous consequences.（洪水造成了灾难性的后果。）
3. humility：谦逊；谦虚。如：Intellectual humility is an important quality.（智性谦逊是一种重要的品质。）
4. potential：潜在的；可能的。既可以作形容词，如potential problems（潜在的问题），也可作名词，意为“潜力”，如He has great potential.（他有很大的潜力。）
5. strategies：策略；战略（strategy的复数形式）。例如：We need to develop different strategies to solve this problem.（我们需要制定不同的策略来解决这个问题。）
C篇重要短语及其解释
1. benefit from：从……中受益。例如：We can benefit from reading books.（我们能从读书中受益。）
2. lead to：导致；通向。如：Smoking can lead to many health problems.（吸烟会导致许多健康问题。）
3. seek out：找出；找到；物色。例如：We should seek out new opportunities.（我们应该寻找新的机会。）
4. end up：最终成为；最后处于。例如：If you don't work hard, you'll end up nowhere.（如果你不努力，最终将一事无成。）
5. sail through：顺利通过；轻易完成。例如：He sailed through the exam.（他轻松通过了考试。）
6. down pat：完全掌握；滚瓜烂熟。例如：He has the poem down pat.（他把这首诗背得滚瓜烂熟。）
D
The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical — but it’s a real ability that some creatures have. A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric, and have special organs that can locate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish.
“We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin, bio-inspired by ‘electric fish’,” says Dr. Xinge Yu, an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong. The team described their c-skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature.
The artificial sensor is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field once activated, and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object. A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter. When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then processed by a microcontroller unit, which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices.
A special biogel(生物凝胶) is used in the sensor, which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of microchannels on the surface. The end result is a sensor that is thin, soft and flexible, making it cosy to adapt to irregular surfaces, such as the human body. In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors. This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing.
The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies, including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin, flexible c-skin.
32. The first paragraph aims to show .
A. the special ability of African fish. B. the inspiration for a new invention
C. the big challenge of locating objects. D. the reason for developing a sensor
33. What is the correct order of the system’s working procedures
a. The transmitter creates an electric field.
b. A unit computes the position of the target.
c. The controller sends the activating signal.
d. The receiver detects the change of electric signals.
e. The electric field is disrupted by an approaching object.
A. c-a-c-d-b. B. c-a-d-e-b. C. a-c-e-d-b. D. a-e-c-d-b.
34. What is an advantage of the new sensor system
A. Its sensitivity to different stimulations.
B. Its adaptation to environmental changes.
C. Its efficiency in achieving 3D positioning.
D. Its speed in data collection and processing.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Machine Detective “Wears” Flexible E-skin
B. Bio-inspired Sensor “Feels” Without Touching
C. E-Skin Sensor: The Future of Machine Learning
D. Electric Fields: The Frontier of Object Detection
32. 解析
第一段提到一些生物有无需看见或触摸就能探测到附近物体存在的能力，特别是非洲的一种鱼有特殊器官能定位附近目标，而科学家受此启发开发了人工传感器系统。所以第一段旨在展示新发明的灵感来源。答案是B。
32. 题干翻译
32. 第一段旨在展示____。
A. 非洲鱼的特殊能力
B. 一项新发明的灵感
C. 定位物体的巨大挑战
D. 开发一种传感器的原因
33. 解析
根据文章内容，系统的工作流程为：首先控制器发送激活信号（c），然后发射器产生电场（a），接着当物体靠近时电场被扰乱（e），接收器检测到电信号的变化（d），最后一个单元计算目标的位置（b）。答案是A。
33. 题干翻译
33. 系统工作程序的正确顺序是什么？
a. 发射器产生一个电场。
b. 一个单元计算目标的位置。
c. 控制器发送激活信号。
d. 接收器检测电信号的变化。
e. 电场被靠近的物体扰乱。
A. c - a - e - d - b
B. c - a - d - e - b
C. a - c - e - d - b
D. a - e - c - d - b
34. 解析
文章提到与传统传感器系统需要大量传感器来实现空间定位不同，新系统仅用几个传感器就能在3D空间精确定位物体，这显著降低了数据收集、传输和处理的功耗，说明新传感器系统在实现3D定位方面效率更高。答案是C。
34. 新传感器系统的优势是什么？
A. 它对不同刺激的敏感性。
B. 它对环境变化的适应性。
C. 它在实现3D定位方面的效率。
D. 它在数据收集和处理方面的速度。
35. 解析
文章主要讲述了受非洲鱼探测目标能力的启发，科学家开发出一种人工传感器系统，该系统能在不接触的情况下感知物体，所以“Bio - inspired Sensor ‘Feels’ Without Touching（受生物启发的传感器无需触摸就能‘感知’）”作为标题最合适。答案是B。
35. 题干翻译
35. 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
A. 机器侦探 “穿戴” 灵活电子皮肤
B. 受生物启发的传感器无需触摸就能 “感知”
C. 电子皮肤传感器：机器学习的未来
D. 电场：物体检测的前沿
D篇重要单词和词组及其解释：
单词
1. detect：动词，察觉；发现；探测。例如：The machine can detect small flaws in the metal.（这台机器能检测出金属中的小瑕疵。）
2. presence：名词，存在；出席；在场的人（或物） 。如：She was not aware of his presence in the room.（她没有察觉到他在房间里。）
3. fantastic：形容词，极好的；了不起的；奇异的；难以置信的 。文中取“奇异的；难以置信的”之意，如That sounds like a fantastic idea.（那听起来是个奇妙的主意。）
4. locate：动词，确定……的位置；找到 。例如：We need to locate the source of the problem.（我们需要找出问题的根源。）
5. artificial：形容词，人造的；人工的；假的 。如：artificial intelligence（人工智能）
6. strategy：名词，策略；战略 。例如：We need to develop a new marketing strategy.（我们需要制定新的营销策略。）
7. motion：名词，运动；移动；动作 。如：the motion of the planets（行星的运动）
8. positioning：名词，定位；布置 。例如：the positioning of the furniture in the room（房间里家具的摆放）
9. generate：动词，产生；引起；生成 。例如：The power plant generates electricity.（这家发电厂发电。）
10. activate：动词，使活动；激活；启动 。如：You can activate the alarm by pressing this button.（你可以按下这个按钮启动警报。）
11. disrupt：动词，扰乱；使中断；打乱 。例如：The storm disrupted the train service.（暴风雨扰乱了火车服务。）
12. process：动词，处理；加工 。例如：The computer can process a large amount of data.（这台计算机能处理大量数据。）
13. precisely：副词，精确地；准确地；恰好 。例如：Tell me precisely what happened.（确切地告诉我发生了什么事。）
14. spatial：形容词，空间的；与空间有关的 。如：spatial awareness（空间意识）
15. consumption：名词，消耗；消费 。例如：the consumption of electricity（电的消耗）
词组
1. in contrast to：与……形成对比；与……相比 。例如：In contrast to his brother, he is very tall.（与他哥哥相比，他很高。）
2. open up：开发；开辟；开启 。例如：The new technology has opened up many new possibilities.（这项新技术开辟了许多新的可能性。 ）
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
找出符合高中阶段的重要单词和短语并解释
Green roofs have been around for thousands of years, long before modern housing was developed. From the simple grass-covered roofs above caves to the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon, they remained an important part of architecture. 36 They bring enormous environmental benefits and offer solutions to some pressing ecological challenges of our time.
In the design of a green roof, there are key factors that count. The first step is to install(安装)a protective layer over the roof to prevent water damage. 37 It’s essential to choose high-quality materials, as once the green roof is completed and the building is in use, replacing the protective layer becomes difficult and expensive.
Next, a drainage(排水) layer, which is often made of pebbles or a special mat, is placed on top. It helps water flow off the roof instead of pooling on it. Then, a growing medium, like soil or other similar materials, is spread over the drainage layer. 38
Now it’s time to choose plants for the roof. Some plants have shallow root systems and don’t need much water. 39 Sedum and chives are good examples of such plants. They are not only water-efficient but tough and long-lasting.
40 It’s important to think about your budget. On average, it costs $25 to $30 per square foot to install a green roof. This doesn’t include the cost of installing or repairing the normal roof underneath. And there is labour cost to cover. If a traditional roof costs $30 per square foot, installing a green roof could easily double that expense.
A. This is where the plants will grow.
B. However, green roofs come at a high cost.
C. Today, green roofs are gaining more attention.
D. These features make them ideal for green roofs.
E. As a result, they led to the popularity of green roofs.
F. Green roof materials can range from grass to solar panels.
G. The layer also stops plant roots growing into the roof structure.
答案36. C 37. G 38. A 39. D 40. B
解析
1. 36题：前文提到绿色屋顶在古代就存在，且一直是建筑的重要部分。后文说它们带来巨大环境效益并解决当下生态挑战，说明现在绿色屋顶受到更多关注。C选项“Today, green roofs are gaining more attention”（如今，绿色屋顶正受到更多关注）承上启下，符合语境。
2. 37题：前文说设计绿色屋顶第一步是安装保护层防止水损害，G选项“The layer also stops plant roots growing into the roof structure”（这一层还能阻止植物根系长入屋顶结构）进一步阐述了保护层的另一个作用，与前文对保护层的描述相呼应。
3. 38题：前文提到在排水层上铺上种植介质，A选项“This is where the plants will grow”（这就是植物将会生长的地方），这里的“this”指代前文的种植介质层，解释了其用途。
4. 39题：前文说一些植物根系浅且需水少，D选项“These features make them ideal for green roofs”（这些特点使它们成为绿色屋顶的理想选择），“These features”指代前文提到的植物特点，逻辑连贯。
5. 40题：后文提到安装绿色屋顶平均每平方英尺的成本，还说成本可能翻倍，B选项“However, green roofs come at a high cost”（然而，绿色屋顶成本高昂）引出下文对成本的讨论。
重要单词
1. architecture / ɑ k tekt (r)/：n. 建筑；建筑学；建筑风格。文中提到“they remained an important part of architecture”，这里指绿色屋顶一直是建筑的重要部分。
2. enormous / n m s/：adj. 巨大的；庞大的。“They bring enormous environmental benefits” 表示它们带来巨大的环境益处。
3. pressing / pres /：adj. 紧迫的；迫切的。“offer solutions to some pressing ecological challenges”指为一些紧迫的生态挑战提供解决方案。
4. essential / sen l/：adj. 基本的；必要的；极其重要的。“It's essential to choose high - quality materials”意思是选择高质量材料是极其重要的。
5. budget / b d t/：n. 预算。“It's important to think about your budget.”即考虑预算很重要。
重要短语
1. around for：存在（一段时间）。“Green roofs have been around for thousands of years”表示绿色屋顶已经存在数千年了。
2. in use：在使用中。“once the green roof is completed and the building is in use”指一旦绿色屋顶建成且建筑投入使用。
3. instead of：代替；而不是。“It helps water flow off the roof instead of pooling on it.”意思是它帮助水从屋顶流走而不是在屋顶上积聚。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I once worked in the remote but beautiful countryside. All farm work can, in my experience,
41 a person to develop a Spartan(斯巴达的) spirit.
From the age of eight, I had to contribute my share of 42 along with my parents and two elder brothers. On the hottest summer days when the air 43 flowed, I knelt in a paddy field(稻田) with my knees deep in mud. The bugs and worms in the water 44 into my skin, and the sun burned upon my 45 back. Sweat streamed down; if a drop ran into the eyes, it would 46 tears. So I always kept my face as low as possible.
I told myself, “Be 47 !” If my parents and brothers could go on taking it, so could I.
48 I pulled myself together and dragged myself forward. I learned not to be afraid of difficulties and the meaning of “you reap(收获) what you 49 .”
“Judge a man not by his face, but by his 50 ,” my mother used to say. The land is
51 , as long as you are willing to work on it. When the wind blew and the rice plants moved like 52 in the sea, breathtakingly beautiful, a deep sense of satisfaction 53 in me.
Although later I went into academic research, I shall always remember what working in the paddy fields taught me: 54 your feet firmly on the ground, never give up and you will be
55 .
41. A. remind B. warn C. attract D. train
42. A. wealth B. luck C. labour D. wisdom
43. A. gently B. hardly C. loudly D. usually
44. A. climbed B. bit C. cut D. fell
45. A. arched B. broad C. strong D. straightened
46. A. hold B. produce C. drop D. replace
47. A. quick B. proud C. quiet D. patient
48. A. Slowly B. Slightly C. Safely D. Sadly
49. A. pick B. find C. sow D. wish
50. A. fields B. books C. neighbours D. clothes
51. A. affordable B. acceptable C. dependable D. livable
52. A. boats B. weeds C. fishes D. waves
53. A. welled up B. broke up C. cooled off D. held off
54. A. drag B. kick C. plant D. lift
55. A. promoted B. educated C.comforted D. rewarded
答案 41. D42. C43. B44. B45. A46. B47. D48. A49. C50. A51. C52. D53. A54. C55. D
解析
41. 答案：D
- 解析：根据语境，所有的农活应该是培养人形成斯巴达精神。“remind”意为“提醒”；“warn”意为“警告”；“attract”意为“吸引”；“train”有“培养，训练”之意，所以“train”符合语境，选D。
42. 答案：C
- 解析：从八岁起，作者就得和父母及哥哥们一起分担农活。“wealth”是“财富”；“luck”是“运气”；“labour”表示“劳动”；“wisdom”是“智慧”，这里指农活，所以选C“labour”。
43. 答案：B
- 解析：在最热的夏天，空气应该是几乎不流动。“gently”意为“温柔地，轻轻地”；“hardly”表示“几乎不”；“loudly”是“大声地”；“usually”意为“通常”，“hardly”符合炎热夏天空气状态，选B。
44. 答案：B
- 解析：水里的虫子应该是叮咬皮肤。“climbed”是“攀爬”；“bit”是“咬，叮”；“cut”是“切割”；“fell”是“掉落”，虫子“咬”皮肤符合逻辑，选B。
45. 答案：A
- 解析：作者跪在稻田里，应该是背部呈拱形。“arched”表示“拱形的”；“broad”是“宽阔的”；“strong”是“强壮的”；“straightened”是“变直的”，结合语境选A。
46. 答案：B
- 解析：汗水流进眼睛会产生泪水。“hold”是“持有，握住”；“produce”有“产生”之意；“drop”是“掉落”；“replace”是“替换”，“produce”符合汗水进眼睛产生泪水的描述，选B。
47. 答案：D
- 解析：作者看到家人都能坚持，告诉自己要耐心坚持。“quick”是“快速的”；“proud”是“骄傲的”；“quiet”是“安静的”；“patient”是“耐心的”，这里体现坚持，选D。
48. 答案：A
- 解析：作者振作起来慢慢向前。“Slowly”是“慢慢地”；“Slightly”是“轻微地”；“Safely”是“安全地”；“Sadly”是“悲伤地”，“Slowly”符合努力向前的状态，选A。
49. 答案：C
- 解析：这里表达“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”，即“you reap what you sow”，“pick”是“采摘”；“find”是“找到”；“sow”是“播种”；“wish”是“希望”，选C。
50. 答案：A
- 解析：妈妈说不要以貌取人，要以田地评判人，结合前文在农村种地，这里选“fields”。“books”是“书”；“neighbours”是“邻居”；“clothes”是“衣服”，均不符合语境，选A。
51. 答案：C
- 解析：只要你愿意在土地上劳作，土地就是可靠的。“affordable”是“负担得起的”；“acceptable”是“可接受的”；“dependable”是“可靠的”；“livable”是“宜居的”，土地能产出作物，对农民来说是可靠的，选C。
52. 答案：D
- 解析：风吹过时，水稻像海浪一样移动。“boats”是“船”；“weeds”是“杂草”；“fishes”是“鱼”；“waves”是“海浪”，“waves”符合水稻随风摆动的描述，选D。
53. 答案：A
- 解析：看到美丽的场景，作者内心涌起深深的满足感。“welled up”表示“涌起，涌现”；“broke up”是“破裂，分手”；“cooled off”是“冷却，冷静下来”；“held off”是“推迟，拖延”，“welled up”符合内心感受，选A。
54. 答案：C
- 解析：脚踏实地，“plant your feet firmly on the ground”是常用表达，“drag”是“拖，拉”；“kick”是“踢”；“plant”有“使固定，安置”之意；“lift”是“举起”，选C。
55. 答案：D
- 解析：坚持不放弃就会得到回报。“promoted”是“晋升”；“educated”是“教育”；“comforted”是“安慰”；“rewarded”是“回报”，选D。
第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On August 5, 2024, Chinese badminton player He Bingjiao won a silver medal at the Paris Olympics. However, 56 truly stood out was a touching moment on the podium(领奖台). As she received her medal, He Bingjiao held a badge(徽章) 57 (feature) the Spanish flag, which aroused widespread curiosity online.
This gesture was to express respect and care for her semifinal opponent, Spain’s Carolina Marin, who 58 (retire) from the match due to injury. He Bingjiao explained, “I brought the Spanish badge because Marin’s suffering broke my heart. I hope she sees this and wish her a speedy 59 (recover).”
During their semifinal match, Marin performed well but 60 (force) to stop after getting injured. He Bingjiao immediately reached out, offering support and checking on Marin, who was 61 (visible) upset.
The act rapidly made headlines around the world. The International Olympic Committee praised He Bingjiao 62 showing the Olympic values of respect and friendship. Spanish media also highlighted the 63 (emotion) moment, with many fans applauding her sportsmanship. Pau Gasol, the legendary Spanish basketball player, called it 64 beautiful display of Olympic spirit.
He Bingjiao’s action not only demonstrated her respect for her opponent but also reflected the true spirit of the Olympics —— competition, 65 (pair) with unity and mutual (相互的) respect.
答案56. what 57. featuring 58. retired 59. recovery 60. was forced
61. visibly 62. for 63. emotional 64. a 65. paired
解析
第56题：这里考查主语从句。“___ truly stood out”是主语从句，在这个从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，所以用what引导，故填what。
第57题：“held a badge(徽章) ___ (feature) the Spanish flag”，这里“feature”与“badge”是主动关系，即徽章上展现着西班牙国旗，所以用现在分词作后置定语，故填featuring。
第58题：根据语境，讲述的是过去发生的事情，这里说Marin因伤退赛，所以用一般过去时，retire的过去式是retired，故填retired。
第59题：“wish her a speedy __”，这里需要一个名词，“recover”的名词形式是“recovery”，表示“恢复”，故填recovery。
第60题：“Marin performed well but _(force) to stop after getting injured”，Marin是被迫停止比赛，要用被动语态，且是过去发生的事情，主语Marin是第三人称单数，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was forced，故填was forced。
第61题：“Marin, who was ___ (visible) upset”，这里修饰形容词upset要用副词，visible的副词形式是visibly，意为“明显地”，故填visibly。
第62题：“praised He Bingjiao _ showing the Olympic values”，praise sb. for doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“因做某事而赞扬某人”，所以填for。
第63题：“the ___ (emotion) moment”，这里需要一个形容词修饰名词moment，emotion的形容词形式是emotional，意为“感人的”，故填emotional。
第64题：“called it ___ beautiful display of Olympic spirit”，这里表示“一种”对奥运精神的美好展现，表泛指，且beautiful以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。
第65题：“competition, __ (pair) with unity and mutual respect”，“competition”与“pair”是被动关系，表示竞争与团结和相互尊重相结合，所以用过去分词paired作后置定语，故填paired。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你校正在为英语文学阅读室设计标识，现向学生征集意见。请你给负责此项工作的外教Mr.Green写邮件，从以下标识中选择你最喜欢的一个，并说明理由。
注意：
1. 写作词数为80左右；
2. 可以增加适当细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Green,
I am writing to share my ideas on the logo design for our English literature reading room.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
One possible version:参考范文一
Dear Mr.Green,
I am writing to share my ideas on the logo design for our English literature reading room. Among the three options, I prefer Logo 1,“Open a Book, Open a World.”
This design captures the essence of reading. The image of an open book combined with a globe and an eye symbolizes how reading opens our minds and broadens our horizons. Additionally, the logo is visually appealing and easy to recognize. It will connect well with students and encourage them to engage with the reading room.
I truly hope my suggestion is considered, as this logo best reflects the purpose of the reading room. Thank you, and I look forward to the final decision.(97词)
Yours, Li Hua
参考范文二
Dear Mr.Green,
I am writing to share my ideas on the logo design for our English literature reading room. Of the three options, I believe Logo 2,“Read to Succeed,”is the most suitable.
This design highlights the connection between reading and success. The upward arrow, trophy, and graphs symbolize progress, achievement, and personal growth through reading. It sends a powerful message that reading can help them achieve their goals. Moreover, the design is modern and inspiring, which I believe will encourage students to make the most of the reading room.
It would mean a lot to me if my suggestion is accepted, as I feel this logo will inspire students to strive for success. Thank you and I eagerly await the final outcome. (105词)
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The car turned onto the familiar road that led to Grandma’s farm. “Jude, this summer holiday will be a great chance for you to stay with your grandma,” Dad said as he drove. Every moment, we were moving farther away from the city, the place where I knew how to do things right.
The car engine wasn’t off before Grandma hugged me. I slowly dragged myself out of the car. “Jude, you look unhappy. Why ” Grandma asked. She acted like nothing bad had happened last time. Could I ask how much money her neighbor Mr. Jackson had lost because of my mistake Was he still upset with me “I’m fine,” I answered. “I’m just missing my computer puters are something I’m good at.” “That sounds disappointing.” Grandma nodded.
I liked visiting the farm during breaks before I messed things up last summer. Grandma lived alone, and Mr. Jackson was like family to her. Then one day I forgot to lock the gate and let the goats into his flower beds. He lost almost all his roses for the farmers’ market.
Now, back at the farm, I felt nervous. I was trying to hide in the room when I saw Mr.Jackson! He was opening the door and calling Grandma. “I need help!” he yelled to her. “Just a second for the freshly harvested roses!” That was when he saw me. I felt my heart tighten and was ready for his criticism. I deserved it. He had probably been waiting for this moment since last summer.
However, Mr. Jackson greeted me happily, “Great, Jude is here! Your grandma always tells us you are a wonderfully competent (有能力的) computer programmer.” I shook my head. “I am not competent. I am sorry I messed things up.” He was surprised and comforted me, “It was an accident. Being competent doesn’t mean you never make mistakes.”
I looked out of the window. There were piles of roses waiting to be sold. “Jude, can you help us We want to sell roses online. We have a computer and all the parts(零件) for our internet connection, but we just can’t set it up,” Grandma asked. No internet. They seemed to live in the twentieth century.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Maybe I could be someone who was really competent.
Within a few hours, orders for roses flooded in.
第二节
Maybe I could be someone who was really competent. “I can definitely help with that! Where are the parts ” Following Grandma, I went into the room, where a computer sat surrounded by some scattered parts. Rolling up my sleeves, I carefully connected everything. It was a piece of cake to me. “Done!”I announced confidently. After a few adjustments, the internet was up and running. Now it was time to sell the roses. I decided to start from my social media platform. I quickly uploaded photos, added descriptions, and set prices. Before long, notifications started showing up - people were noticing. My abilities made a difference! (96 词)
Within a few hours, orders for roses flooded in. “This is amazing, Jude!”Grandma cheered with joy as she began bustling about, packing flowers. Mr.Jackson chuckled warmly as he handed me another bunch to label. The energy was electric -everyone was on their feet, moving quickly to keep up with the growing orders. The farm felt alive, and so did I. To our surprise, the roses sold out in just half a day. “You've brought the farm into the twenty-first century, Jude," Grandma hugged me tightly. I realized that being competent wasn't about avoiding mistakes. It was about facing them head-on and making the most of my strengths.(100词)

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