资源简介

Unit 5 Working the Land
Part I 词汇分层解析
探究词汇
devote
vt.把……献(给);把……专用于；专心于
教材原句P50 Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 的确，他瘦削但 结实的身体就像他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国 农民一样。
常用搭配 devote oneself to(doing)sth 献 身 于 (做)某事；致力于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
devote one's life/time/money/energy to(doing)sth 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事
He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific
research.他决定把余生奉献给科学研究。
联想词①devoted adj.忠诚的；深爱的；投入的 be devoted to … 对……忠诚；深爱……
a devoted father 一位尽职的父亲
②devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；深爱
convince
教材原句P50 Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,
not with me. 我 试 图 说 服 自 己，问题出于问题本身，而不是我。
convince sb of sth 使某人确信某事/说 服某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb that … 使某人相信 … …
The officials were eager to convince us of the safety of the nuclear reactors.官员们急于说服我 们，核反应堆是安全的。[《朗文当代》]
I've been trying to convince Jean to come with me. 我一直在设法说服琼跟我一起来。
联 想 词① convinced adj. 确信的；信服的
be convinced of/that… 坚信/深信 … …
I was convinced that we were doing the right thing. 我确信我们做的事情是正确的。
②convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的
assumption
教材原句P50 The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时人们普遍认为这 是不可能实现的。
make an assumption 作出假设
on the assumption that… 假设 … …
联 想 词assume vt.假定；假设；认为
it is assumed that….=it is supposed/believed that.. 假定……;人们认为 ……
assuming that…=providing/supposing that..假如 …… ;如果 ……
Where unemployment and crime are high, it can
be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，我们可以认为后 者是由前者造成的。
expand
三教材原句P50 This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.这种杂交作物使农民 大大增加了作物的产量。
A child's vocabulary expands through reading. 孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。
This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. 这项工作拓展了我的思维，这在教室里是不可 能做到的。[2022年6月浙江]
expand in … 在……方面扩充/膨胀
expand into….发展成/扩展到 … …
expand on/upon 详述；进一步说明
I don't quite understand your reasoning.Can you expand on it 我不是很理解你的推理。你能将 它详细说明一下吗
联 想 词expansion n. 扩张；扩大；扩充
comprise
教材原句P50 Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains….据估计，目前中国国内消 费的稻米有约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种 形成的作物……
The collection comprises 327 paintings. 那 一 组收 藏有327幅画。
be comprised of(=be composed of=be made up of)包括；包含；由……组成
A football team is comprised of eleven players. 一 支足球队由11名队员组成。
狂K 重点
consist of由……组成；由……构成(一 般不用于进行时和被动语态)
The committee consists often members.委员会由 十名成员组成。
extension
n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
教材原句P52 The shelter,which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs,was comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground.这个避难所可以保护多达八千人免受战时炸弹袭击，它由两条大隧道组成，预计有一天会成为伦敦地铁的延伸部分。
联 想 词①extended adj. 延长了的；扩展了的
②extend vt. 延 长 vi. 延伸(距离)
The main stem will extend to around 12 feet if left to develop naturally. 如果任其自然生长，主干可 以长到12英尺左右。
extend 作动词还有“扩大；扩展；舒展； 给予，提供”之意。
There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. 现已有扩大无烟区的计划。
I'm sure you will join me in extending a very warm welcome to our visitor.我确信你们会同我 一起 向来访者表示非常热烈的欢迎。
in turn
相应地；转而；依次；轮流
教材原句P55 This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.这影响了生长在土地上的作物， 进而影响了食用它们的动物和人类。
The girls called out their own names in turn . 这 些 女孩依次大声喊出了自己的名字。
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于 实践。
in return 作为回报
含有 turn 的其他常用表达
by turns轮流地，交替地(表现某些特质或情感)
take turns(=take it in turns)to do sth 轮流做某事
wait one's turn to do sth 等候轮到某人做某事
it's one's turn to do sth轮到某人做某事
The young parents had to take turns to look after their sick baby.这对年轻父母不得不轮流照顾 他们生病的孩子。
I think it's our turn to drive the kids to school this week. 我想这周轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。
alternative
① n. 可供选择的事物
教材原句P55 As an alternative ,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作为替代， 一些农民已 转向有机耕作，并且许多顾客在当地杂货店购物 时也转为购买有机食品。
have no alternative but to do sth 除 了 做 某事别无选择
an alternative to sth 某事物的替代品
We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. 我们别无他法，只能辞退吉布森。
② adj.可供替代的；另外的；非传统的；另类的
常 用 搭 配alternative ways/methods/approaches 其他 的方法
alternative energy 替代能源
alternative comedy/lifestyle/values 非传统喜剧/生活方式/价值观
联 想 词alternatively adv. 或 者
The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively,you can organize your own transport. 旅行社将为你安排旅行，或者你也可以自己安 排交通工具。
差距词汇
1.prosperity n. 兴旺；繁荣；成功
China is pursuing common prosperity as its ultimate development goal.中国将共同富裕作为最终发展目标。[China Daily]
2. raw adj. 生的；未经加工的
It doesn't matter whether this food is eaten raw or cooked,cool or hot. 这种食物是生吃还是 熟吃，冷着吃还是热着吃都不重要。
3.negotiation n.谈 判
There's nothing worse than watching the trade negotiations between the two countries fall apart. 没有什么比看着这两个国家之间的贸易谈判 破裂更糟糕的了。
4.mature vi. 变成熟
She has matured a lot since she left home to set up her own farm.自离开家建立自己的农场以 来，她成熟了许多。
5.take….into account 考虑到……
Three levels will be taken into account: agricultural production units,territories and markets.三个层次将被纳入考量：农业生产单 位、地区和市场。
6.desperate for 渴望……;迫切需要 ……
The hit song that accompanied Argentina on its conquest of the 2022 World Cup has found deep resonance in a country desperate for a feel-good moment. 这首伴随着阿根廷队征服2022年世 界杯的热门歌曲在这个渴望美好时刻的国家 找到了深深的共鸣。[China Daily]
7.sustainable adj. 可持续的
The growing world population means current consumption patterns will be impossible without better use of resources and more sustainable solutions. 世界人口的增长意味着，如果没有 更好的资源利用方式，也没有更为可持续的 解决办法，那么目前的消费模式将是不可能 实现的。
8.at the expense of 以……为代价；由……支付费用
But the prices of wheat,corn and soya beans are all high,so any big shift towards one crop will come at the expense of the others. 但小麦、 玉米和大豆的价格都高，因此任何向一种作 物的大转向都会以牺牲其余的作物为代价。
Part Ⅱ 句子分类探究
However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor
what引导主语从句 系动词 that引导表语从句
harvests and sometimes even had a serious of food to eat .P50
然而，最让他担心的是，农民常常粮食歉 收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。
Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties 介词短语作方式状语 主 语 谓语 宾语 To develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 不定式短语作目的状语 that引导定语从句，先行词为the first hybrid rice
通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年培育出了可用于农业生产的第 一代杂交水稻。
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in
形式主语 谓语 that引导主语从句
China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his
过去分词短语作定语 并列连词
strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons
并列分句
of rice per year.P50
句 意据估计，目前中国国内消费的稻米有约 60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，他 的(水稻)品种使中国农民每年生产约2亿吨 稻米。
what引导名词性从句
what 引导名词性从句时，意为“什么;……的东 西/事物”,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定 语等句子成分。
What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. 这部电影最让我感动的地 方就是父亲对儿子深深的爱。
As John Lennon once said,life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.正 如约翰 · 列侬曾经说的，生活就是在你忙着制订 其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。
He is no longer what he was.After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.他不再 是原来的他了。似乎过了几个小时，他才苦笑 着出来。
高频句式
句 式 1 what interested/impressed/moved/ surprised/troubled/.….sb most was….让某人 最感兴趣的/印象最深的/最感动的/最吃惊 的/最烦恼的/……是 ……
链接课文 What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
In fact,some pesticides like DDT have been 主语 后置定语 谓语 prohibited in most countries because of the damage 状语 原因状语 they cause to people and the environment. 定语从句，先行词为damage, 省略了关系词which/that
事实上，像“滴滴涕”这样的杀虫剂在大多 数国家已经被禁用了，因为它们对人类和环境造 成了破坏。
Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable there be句型 不定式短语作后置定语，修饰wa solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table
that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为solution while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
while引导的时间状语从句的省略
句 意因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们 的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时尽可能使人类和环 境保持健康，还有很长的路要走。袁隆平让人印象最深刻的是他不断实现梦想的能力。
经典例句
What troubled me most was that I forgot my ID card and my passport.最让我困扰的是我忘了带 身份证和护照。
What surprised me most was that such a little boy
Unit 5 Working the Land
of seven could play the violin so well.最让我感到 惊讶的是一个七岁的小男孩能把小提琴拉得这么好。
句式2 sb/sth makes+sb/sth+宾补
本句式中可作宾补的有：形容词、名词、动词原形、 过去分词。make sb/sth do sth 在被动语态中要补 充不定式符号to, 用 sb/sth be made to do sth 结构， 此时不定式作主语补足语。 make oneself heard/ understood/known表示“让人听到/理解/知道自己”。
锥接课文 Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.许多人担 心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。[P55]
经典例句
I had to shout to make myself heard above the music.我得大声喊才能让我的声音盖过音乐让 人听到。
I was made to wait four hours before I was examined by a doctor.我被迫等了四个小时才有 医生给我检查。
PartⅢ 单元语法归纳
主语从句
教材原句
①However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests….然而，最让他 担心的是，农民常常粮食歉收…… (what 引导主 语从句，在从句中作主语)[P50]
②However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.然而，是否有可能培育出 一种自花传粉的杂交植物，例如水稻，这是一个有 很大争议的问题。 (whether 引导主语从句，起连 接作用，在从句中不作成分)[P50]
③Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.. 据估计，目前中国国内消费的稻米有约60%来自 袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物 …… (it 是 形 式主语；that 引导主语从句，起连接作用，在从句 中不作成分)[P 0]
在复合句中充当主语的句子叫作主语从句。主语 从句的引导词有三类：连接代词、连接副词、连 接词。
①连接代词引导的主语从句
连 接 代 词 what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever 等引导主语从句时， 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。主语从句用 陈述句语序。
What they are after is profit. 他们追求的是利润。 (What 在主语从句中作宾语)
Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.你们当中无论哪一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。(Whichever 在主语从句中作定语)
引 导主语从句时， what,who 等指具体 的物或人；whatever,whoever 等表示任何一个物 或人。
②连接副词引导的主语从句
连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导主语从句时，在从句中作状语。
Where Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,
but some won't accept it. 中国伟大诗人李白的出生地为大众所熟知，但 是有些人不接受这个事实。(Where引导主语从句，在从句中作地点状语)
How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
我们如何理解事物与我们的感受息息相关。(How 引导主语从句，在从句中作方式状语)
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.延误的航班将在何时起飞 主要取决于天气。(When引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语)
③连接词 that,whether,if 引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时，没有实际意义，在从句中不作具体成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略。
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.
从她们的面貌相 似度就能明显看出她们其实是姐妹。
that与 what引导主语从句的区别：that 没有实际意义，不作任何成分；而what 有实际意 义，在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
(2)whether 和 if引导主语从句，意为“是否”,不作句子成分，只起连接作用，但是不可省略。
主语从句位于主句谓语动词之前，表示“是否”时，只能用 whether。若 it 作形式主语，则 用if或 whether引导主语从句均可。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干 净的饮用水取决于政府将采取什么样的有效措 施处理水污染问题。
It remains to be seen if/whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.新组 建的委员会制定的政策能否实施还有待观察。
④it 作形式主语的主语从句
it作形式主语时，从句作真正的主语。
①it+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising, wonderful,funny,possible
,likely,certain,probable等)+从句
It is obvious that he didn't tell the truth. 很明显他 没有说实话。
It's funny how some distance makes everything seem small. 有趣的是，距离令所有东西都显得 渺小了。
②it+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+从句
It's no wonder that you've got a headache when you drank so much last night.昨晚你喝了那么多酒， 难怪你头痛。
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film yesterday.你昨天没去看那部电影真遗憾。
③it+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected, decided, announced, arranged,acknowledged, estimated,agreed 等)+从句
It's reported that large crowds in China bid farewell to Yuan Longping,the“father of hybrid rice”,dead in May in Changsha. 据报道，在中 国，有大批群众为5月份在长沙去世的“杂交水 稻之父”袁隆平送行。
It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 事实证明，儿时食用蔬菜有 助于保护你在以后的生活中免受重大疾病的侵扰。
④it+动词/动词词组(happen,doesn't matter,turn out,occur to sb,make no difference等)+从句
It happens that he enjoys pop songs very much. 碰巧他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.他突然想起来他把钥匙落在 办公室里了。

展开更多......

收起↑