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新人教版必修二UNIT4
过去分词(短语)作定语和宾语补足语
一、过去分词(短语)作定语
定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。汉语翻译中中常用，“......的”表示。
用法规则
1．及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
2．单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
3．有些单个过去分词作定语且表示特定含义时，放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)、given(所给的)、concerned(有关的)等。
4．如果被修饰词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。
过去分词作定语结构及意义（重要！）
　　意义 形式　　 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 将来
ed 形式做定语的名词短语范例：
a broken window（一扇破碎的窗户）
a painted wall（一面粉刷过的墙）
a crowded street（一条拥挤的街道）
a developed country（一个发达国家）
a confused look（一个困惑的表情）
a frightened child（一个受惊的孩子）
a surprised audience（一群惊讶的观众）
a retired teacher（一位退休的教师）
a trained dog（一只受过训练的狗）
a wounded soldier（一名受伤的士兵）
a lost key（一把丢失的钥匙）
a burnt tree（一棵烧焦的树）
a locked door（一扇锁着的门）
a respected leader（一位受尊敬的领导）
a damaged car（一辆损坏的汽车）
a delighted customer（一位高兴的顾客）
a worried parent（一位担忧的家长）
a polished floor（一块擦亮的地板）
a published book（一本已出版的书）
a worn-out shoe（一只破旧的鞋子）
being done 做后置定语的名词短语范例：
the bridge being built（正在被建造的桥）
the book being printed（正在被印刷的书）
the house being painted（正在被粉刷的房子）
the clothes being washed（正在被洗的衣服）
the road being repaired（正在被修理的道路）
the project being carried out（正在被实施的项目）
the experiment being conducted（正在被进行的实验）
the car being cleaned（正在被清洗的汽车）
the film being shot（正在被拍摄的电影）
the cake being made（正在被制作的蛋糕）
to be done 做后置定语的名词短语范例：
the work to be done（要做的工作）
the problem to be solved（要解决的问题）
the task to be completed（要完成的任务）
the project to be finished（要完成的项目）
the letter to be sent（要寄的信）
the meeting to be held（要召开的会议）
the report to be written（要写的报告）
the homework to be done（要做的家庭作业）
the plan to be carried out（要执行的计划）
the speech to be delivered（要发表的演讲）
二、过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
用法规则
过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语通常有以下几种情况：
1．过去分词(短语)可以在表示状态的动词keep、leave等后面作宾语补足语：
2．过去分词(短语)可以在使役动词have、get、make等后面作宾语补足语：
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇某种不幸”；
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)”结构中，过去分词(短语)表示结果。
3．感官动词see、hear、notice、observe、watch、feel、find等后，可用过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like、want、wish、expect、order等后，可用过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
5．过去分词(短语)用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词(短语)与宾语之间是被动关系。
have sb/sth done 结构的短语：
have my hair cut（剪我的头发）
have the car repaired（修理汽车）
have the house painted（粉刷房子）
have the clothes washed（洗衣服）
have the documents printed（打印文件）
have the bike fixed（修理自行车）
have the windows cleaned（擦窗户）
have the shoes polished（擦鞋）
have the computer repaired（修电脑）
have the photo taken（拍照）
感官动词 + sb/sth done 结构的短语：
see the bridge built（看到桥被建造）
hear the song sung（听到歌被演唱）
watch the film shown（看到电影被放映）
notice the door locked（注意到门被锁上）
observe the experiment done（观察到实验被做）
feel the work finished（感觉到工作被完成）
smell the food cooked（闻到食物被做熟的味道）
find the letter sent（发现信被寄出去了）
listen to the story told（听故事被讲述）
look at the picture drawn（看着画被画出来）
with sb/sth done 结构的短语：
with the task done（任务完成了）
with the letter sent（信寄出去了）
with the problem solved（问题解决了）
with the work finished（工作完成了）
with the project completed（项目完成了）
with the car repaired（车修好了）
with the house painted（房子粉刷好了）
with the clothes washed（衣服洗好了）
with the window broken（窗户破了）
10.with the door locked（门被锁上了）
find sb/sth done 结构的短语：
find the room cleaned（发现房间被打扫了）
find the book returned（发现书被还回来了）
find the lights turned off（发现灯被关掉了）
find the paper written（发现论文被写好了）
find the meal cooked（发现饭菜做好了）
find the homework finished（发现作业完成了）
find the dog fed（发现狗被喂过了）
find the clothes ironed（发现衣服被熨好了）
find the wall decorated（发现墙被装饰了）
find the car washed（发现车被洗了）
即时训练
一．语法填空题
The bridge ______ (build) last year can hold heavy trucks.
The ______ (damage) computer needs to be repaired.
We found the stolen necklace ______ (hide) under the bed.
The movie ______ (direct) by Zhang Yimou won an international award.
The students were excited to see their project ______ (display) in the hall.
With all the lights ______ (turn) off, the room became completely dark.
The ______ (injure) athlete was carried off the field by his teammates.
The homework ______ (assign) yesterday must be handed in by Friday.
The old temple ______ (discover) in the mountains dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
The teacher kept the students ______ (inform) about the exam schedule.
The ______ (pollute) air made it hard to breathe.
The novel ______ (write) by Lu Xun is considered a classic.
The scientist had his theory ______ (prove) through experiments.
The ______ (frighten) child clung to his mother’s hand.
The museum ______ (visit) by thousands of tourists every year is closing for repairs.
The president made his opinions ______ (know) during the press conference.
The ______ (boil) water is safe to drink now.
The instructions ______ (give) by the coach helped us win the game.
The cake ______ (bake) by my sister tasted delicious.
The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting remains unsolved.
二．句型转换
The building that was destroyed in the earthquake is being rebuilt.
→ The building ______ in the earthquake is being rebuilt.
(过去分词作定语)
When the homework was finished, the children went out to play.
→ ______ the homework finished, the children went out to play.
(with复合结构)
The teacher wants the students to understand the grammar rules clearly.
→ The teacher wants the grammar rules ______ by the students.
(过去分词作宾语补足语)
The letter that was written in French is hard to translate.
→ The letter ______ in French is hard to translate.
(过去分词作定语)
The boy shouted so loudly that everyone could hear him.
→ The boy shouted so loudly that he could ______ by everyone.
(make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语)
答案
语法填空题答案
built 2. damaged 3. hidden 4. directed 5. displayed
turned 7. injured 8. assigned 9. discovered 10. informed
polluted 12. written 13. proved 14. frightened 15. visited
known 17. boiled 18. given 19. baked 20. discussed
句型转换题答案
destroyed 2. With 3. understood 4. written 5. make himself heard

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