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(共12张PPT)
Phrasal Prepositions
To understand the use of phrasal prepositions
Complete the Word Builder with phrasal prepositions. What other phrasal prepositions do you know
Phrasal Prepositions
1. _______________ 21, when Hawking spent his first
year at the University of Cambridge …
2. His theory was that there was a sort of hole __________
__________ a black hole.
3. _____________ trying to find one big new explanation,
scientists should …
4. _____________ his disease, Hawking didn’t consider
himself an unlucky man.
Word builder
At the age of
in the centre of
Instead of
In spite of
Use the phrasal prepositions below to complete the webpage below on Stephen Hawking.
instead of with the help of in spite of as a result of
After the Operation
In 1985, Hawking had to have an operation on his throat.
1. ______________ the operation, he couldn’t speak at all. However, 2. ________________ not being able to talk, he was still able to communicate by raising his eyebrows when someone pointed to the right letter on a spelling card.
As a result of
in spite of
A computer expert heard of Hawking’s problem and sent him a computer programme. 3. _________________ this programme, Hawking could choose words from a menu on a screen. 4. ______________ pressing a switch in his hand, he could control the programme by making a head or eye movement. At first, he could run the programme on a desktop computer, but then a man called David Mason fitted a small portable computer to his wheelchair.
With the help of
Instead of
instead of with the help of in spite of as a result of
Complete the questions with a preposition.
1. What are you interested ________
2. In your family, who do you have a good relationship
_________
3. What are you afraid _______
4. What are you proud _______
5. What’s the most serious problem that’s ever happened
______ you
6. How did you deal _________ your problem
in
with
of
of
to
with
短语介词
1. 动词+介词，如come across, consist of, look after, result from, stick to, wait for。
2. 名词+介词，如devotion to, doubt about, interest in, struggle against。
3. 介词+名词，如by chance, in debt, on purpose。
4. 介词+名词+介词，如by means of, on behalf of, in spite of, in terms of。
5. 形容词+介词，如confident in, different from, fond of, good at, satisfied with。
选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式完成下面短文(每个短语限用一次)。
as a result of, in spite of, with the help of, in addition to
It's easy to think that successful innovators just have some gift that the rest of us don't. The fact is that they follow some ways to become more innovative every day.
★They don't doubt their crazy ideas.
The crazy ideas are where the world's most successful innovations come from. Take Elon Musk for example. He admitted, “I thought both Tesla and SpaceX would fail at the
beginning.” 1. ________________ this, he kept trying and threw much of his money and time into these crazy ideas. 2. _________________ his efforts, he finally succeeded.
★They learn about anything and everything.
This philosophy shone through in Steve Jobs' revolutionary work. As biographer Walter Isaacson wrote: “He connected the humanities (人文学科) to the sciences, creativity to technology, arts to engineering.”
Jobs learned a lot of things. 3. __________________ fields directly related to his work, he followed passions and interests that might not make sense and dived into areas he knew nothing about.
as a result of, in spite of, with the help of, in addition to
In spite of
As a result of
In addition to
as a result of, in spite of, with the help of, in addition to
★They surround themselves with heroes.
Successful innovators know that they can't do it alone. They surround themselves with people who contribute revolutionary ideas. 4. __________________ such people, they can find solutions to problems more efficiently.
During her time at Google, Marissa Mayer shared, “We have this great internal list where people post new ideas and everyone can go on and see them. It's like a voting pool where you can say how good or bad you think an idea is. Those comments lead to new ideas.”
With the help of
1. Review Grammar.
2. Complete Activity 6 on page 90.(共14张PPT)
1. Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS.
霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出研究而著名，更是因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症的挑战而令人敬佩。
overcome vt. to successfully control a feeling or problem that prevents you from achieving something
控制(感情); 克服(困难)
to fight and win against someone or something
征服, 战胜
e.g. He struggled to overcome his shyness.
Her financial problems could no longer be overcome.
Australia overcame the Netherlands 2–1.
overcome difficulties/fear/shyness 克服困难/恐惧/羞怯
overcome the enemy 战胜敌人
2. In the early stages of his career, his illness got worse, but he was allowed to do research only rather than teach, which was easier for him.
【句子分析】
① 本句是由but连接的两个并列句。
② which在此引导非限制性定语从句，用来对整个句字he
was allowed to do research only rather than teach补充说明。
职业生涯刚一开始他的病情就转而恶化，研究所允许他可以只做研究而不用教学，这对他来说更容易。
3. Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies and he developed a number of new ideas about black holes.
尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过研究，对黑洞有了许多新的想法。
decline v. to become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc.
减少；下降；衰弱；衰退
e.g. Sales of whole milk declined by 4 per cent.
to decline in popularity/value/number
Her health began to decline.
decline by sth. 下降了……（具体数量或幅度）
decline in sth. 在……方面下降、减少
decline v. to refuse politely to accept or to do something
谢绝; 婉言拒绝
可单独使用，其后也可接动词不定式、动词-ing形式作宾语。
e.g. I invited them to come to the party, but they declined.
We declined his offer of a lift as we wanted to walk.
He declined to tell the reporter his future plan for his sports career.
My father is a man with strong self-respect. He declines accepting the help others offer.
decline n. a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc. of something
(数量、价值、质量等的)减少, 下降, 衰落, 衰退
e.g. Our business has gone into a decline this year.
Home cooking seems to be on the decline.
on the decline 在衰退 / 减少中
【语境应用】英汉互译。
1) 他们拒绝告诉我他们是怎样得到我的地址的。
2) As the economy was declining, it’s much harder for laid-off workers to find a job.
3) Home cooking seems to be on the decline.
They declined to tell me how they had got my address.
随着经济的衰退，下岗工人很难找到工作。
自己在家做饭的人似乎越来越少了。
4) There has been a decline in the size of families in recent years.
5) 她给那些男孩们提供了咖啡，但他们礼貌地拒绝了。
近年来，家庭规模有所缩小。
She offered the boys some coffee, but they declined politely.
4. This hole led to another universe, completely separate from our own.
这个洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。
【句子分析】
completely separate from our own 形容词作状语
形容词作状语通常用来说明主语的情况，具有副词的功能。形容词作状语时，可位于句首、句末或句中，一般用逗号将其与句子的其它部分隔开。
5. In spite of his disease, Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.
尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。
in spite of 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
其后可接名词(短语)或动词-ing形式
e.g. They kept going in spite of their fears.
They went swimming in spite of all the danger signs.
In spite of feeling tired, we decided to go out.
in spite of the fact that ... 尽管……that后跟同位语从句
in spite of oneself 不由自主地
e.g. She went to Spain in spite of the fact that her doctor had
told her to rest.
Lucia started to laugh, in spite of herself.
【语境应用】根据汉语意思翻译下面句子。
1) 尽管有伤，托尼仍将参加周六的比赛。
___________________, Tony will play in Saturday’s match.
2) 这幅画令他不由自主地笑了起来。
The picture made him laugh __________________.
3) 尽管这个房子标价高，但它肯定会卖掉。
The house will certainly sell, _______________________ it’s overpriced.
In spite of his injury
in spite of himself
in spite of the fact that(共29张PPT)
Unit 12
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
LESSON 3
STEPHEN HAWKING
To read and identify the life events of Stephen Hawking
To read for specific information and understand words in context
To find more information about Stephen Hawking online
Have you heard about Stephen Hawking What did he discover or do What was special about him
one of the world’s most famous scientists in theoretical physics
to have a rare disease to lose speech
to overcome the challenge of…
his physical abilities decline
to discover the secrets of the universe
Stephen Hawking (1942-2018)
physicist / mathematician
famous scientist known for his theory about black holes and big bangs:
A Brief History of Time
Look at the webpage about Stephen plete the information.
Birth
______________
Education
St Albans School
The University of ___________
(1955-1962), studied _________
PhD, the University of Cambridge (1966)
Oxford
8 January, 1942
physics
Career
Institute of Astronomy, ___________ (1968-1973)
Professor of Mathematics, Cambridge (1979-2009)
Director of Research, Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, Cambridge (2009-2018)
Cambridge
Family
Married to Jane Wilde (1965-1991, three children) and Elaine Mason (1995-2006)
Then go back to Activity 1, and answer the questions in more detail.
Stephen Hawking was one of the world's most influential scientists. He was famous not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also for overcoming the challenges of ALS (a disease that affects his muscle control).
Read the webpage again. Complete the timeline about Stephen Hawking’s life and work. Then tell each other about him in pairs based on the timeline.
1942
1959
_____
1985
was born
was diagnosed with ALS
1963
went to University of Oxford to study physics
had to have an operation / lost his speech as a result
1988
2005
2012
2018
died
his book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes sold one copy for every 750 people on earth
decided to write a simpler version, A Briefer History of Time
said to a TV audience of 900 million people at the opening ceremony of London 2012 Olympics: “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet … be curious.”
Read the webpage again. Ask and answer the questions about Stephen Hawking in pairs.
1. When did he become ill What was the result of his illness
At the age of 21.
His illness got worse, he lost his speech and lost the use of his hands.
2. What did he study What did he find
He studied the theoretical physics and cosmology.
He believed that the birth of the universe created many small black holes and his theory was there was a sort of hole in the centre of a black hole. This hole led to another universe, completely separate from our own.
3. What books did he write What did he argue in the books
A Brief History of Time (two versions), The Grand Design.
He argued that we should look for a different way to discover the deepest secrets of the universe. Instead of trying to find one big new explanation, scientists should put together all the ideas that they already have.
4. What is a black hole
A black hole is a place in space where gravity is very strong. Anything that falls into it never comes out. Noting can escape from it, not even light. As a result, it is impossible to see a black hole.
Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. Hawking was famous for his excellent work in theoretical physics and research on ALS. ( )
2. Hawking was allowed to do research only rather than teach because of his young age. ( )
3. For many people, the book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes is hard to understand. ( )
4. Hawking suggested putting together all existing ideas. ( )
5. Hawking once considered himself an unlucky man after he got a disease. ( )
6. Hawking was grateful for the people who had helped him. ( )
F
F
T
T
F
T
Introduce Stephen Hawking based on the diagram.
Stephen Hawking
Attitude towards life
Study
Books
Birth
Education
Illness
1. What was Stephen Hawking’s attitude towards life Find
evidence from the webpage.
Hawking had a positive attitude towards life and he never got disappointed or discouraged from his illness.
“Hawking was famous, not just for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology, but also …”
“Although Hawking’s physical abilities declined over decades, he never ceased his studies …”
“In spite of his disease, Hawking didn’t consider himself an unlucky man.”
“My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21. Everything since then has been a bonus.”
2. What do you think this saying by Stephen Hawking
means: “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet …
be curious.”
It means that we should not focus on our everyday lives and worry too much about unimportant matters. We should think on a larger scale and be curious about nature and the simple things of life.
3. How are the paragraphs on the webpage connected to
each other Find and circle the indicators.
Hawking later found …,
Although Hawking’s physical …,
Hawking also wrote …,
In spite of his disease
Complete the summary of Stephen Hawking’s
life based on what you have learnt.
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942. He studied at Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, but at the age of 21, he was diagnosed with a serious disease. However, he finished his 1. __________ and got a job at the University of Cambridge and continued his work in 2. __________ physics and 3. __________.
studies
theoretical
cosmology
While his reputation for his work spread, his
physical ability 4. _________. In 1985, after an
operation, he started to use 5. _____________ ____________________ to help him talk. However, Hawking never ceased his studies and he continued to develop his theories on 6. ______________. Hawking believed that he was not an unlucky person. From his diagnosis at 21 he regarded everything since then as a 7. _________. He was proud of his family and his work, and he appreciated the help that many people had given him.
declined
generating equipment
black holes
bonus
speech-
Read the following 3 facts about Stephen Hawking and discuss in your group what qualities he has as a scientist.
A Stephen grew up in a home where education was very important. His parents were both academics who had studied at the University of Oxford. Dinner times were often spent in silence while the family read books!
B When he was a teenager, Stephen and his friends built a computer out of old clock parts, telephone switchboards and other recycled items. His friends nicknamed him “Einstein”!
C Stephen is remembered as an inspiration to many people.
He had an amazing mind, incredible determination and didn’t let his illness stand in his way. He challenged doctors’ predictions, living for a further 55 years after his diagnosis.
What inspirations have you got after reading this story about Stephen Hawking Share your ideas with your group members.
Stephen Hawking was one of the world’ s most influential scientists, famous for his brilliant work in theoretical physics and cosmology. He was born on 8 January, 1942 in Oxford, and died at his home in England aged 76. When he was 21, he was diagnosed as having a rare, slow-progressing disease. After an operation, he lost his speech and relied on a piece of equipment to speak. Later, he lost the use of his hands. Despite his health conditions, Hawking developed a lot of new ideas about black holes and wrote some books. Hawking considered his achievement a bonus due to the help of his family and some others.
Find more information about Stephen Hawking online. Do you feel inspired by him Give reasons along with your comments.

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