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特殊句式语法填空专题
考点一 倒装句
真题体验
1. Only in this way ________ (can) we solve the problem.
2. Not until he came back ________ (do) I know the truth.
3. Little ________ (do) he realize how important this meeting is.
4. So beautiful ________ (be) the girl that everyone likes her.
知识点拨
倒装句分为部分倒装和完全倒装。部分倒装是将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前；完全倒装是将谓语动词完全置于主语之前。常见的部分倒装情况有：含有否定意义的副词（如never、seldom、hardly、little等）、否定意义的短语（如not until、in no case等）置于句首时；“only + 状语”置于句首时；so/such...that...结构中，so/such位于句首时。完全倒装常用于表示地点、时间、方向的副词（如here、there、now、then、up、down等）置于句首，且句子谓语动词为come、go、stand、lie等不及物动词时。
即时演练
1. Never ________ (have) I seen such a beautiful place.
2. Hardly ________ (had) I got home when it began to rain.
3. Only when you work hard ________ (can) you achieve your goal.
4. Here ________ (come) the bus.
5. So excited ________ (be) he that he couldn't say a word.
考点二 强调句
真题体验
1. It was in the park ________ I met my old friend yesterday.
2. It was he ________ helped me with my English.
3. It is not until he came back ________ I know the truth.
4. Was it because of the bad weather ________ the sports meeting was put off?
知识点拨
强调句的基本结构是“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分”。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。当被强调部分是人时，可用that或who；当被强调部分是物或其他情况时，用that。强调句的一般疑问句结构是“Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分？”；特殊疑问句结构是“特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that/who + 句子其他部分？”。要注意区分强调句和定语从句、状语从句，去掉“It is/was...that/who”后，句子结构完整，意思通顺，则是强调句。
即时演练
1. It was the book ________ I lost yesterday.
2. It is Tom ________ often helps me with my math.
3. It was not until last week ________ I received his letter.
4. Was it in the library ________ you found your lost key?
5. Where was it ________ you met your teacher?
考点三 反意疑问句
真题体验
1. He is a student, ________ (isn't) he?
2. You have never been to Beijing, ________ (have) you?
3. Let's go for a walk, ________ (shall) we?
4. Don't be late again, ________ (will) you?
知识点拨
反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。当陈述部分含有否定意义的词（如never、hardly、seldom、few、little等）时，疑问部分用肯定形式；当陈述部分是祈使句时，若为肯定祈使句，疑问部分用will you或won't you；若为否定祈使句，疑问部分用will you；当陈述部分是“Let's...”时，疑问部分用shall we；当陈述部分是“Let us...”时，疑问部分用will you。
即时演练
1. She likes music, ________ (doesn't) she?
2. They have seen the film, ________ (haven't) they?
3. There is little water in the bottle, ________ (is) there?
4. Open the door, ________ (will) you?
5. Let us go shopping, ________ (will) you?
考点四 省略句
真题体验
1. While ________ (watch) TV, I heard a knock at the door.
2. If ________ (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
3. When ________ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
4. He gave me some advice as if ________ (know) everything.
知识点拨
省略句是为了避免重复、突出重点或使句子更简洁而省略某些成分的句子。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词；在一些固定结构中，如as if/though引导的从句，也常出现省略情况。
即时演练
1. When ________ (cross) the road, be careful.
2. Unless ________ (invite), I won't go to the party.
3. He opened his mouth as if ________ (say) something.
4. While ________ (do) his homework, he fell asleep.
5. If ________ (possible), I'll go to see you tomorrow.
【命题热点】
一、特殊句式在语法填空中的命题点
A. 考查倒装句中部分倒装和完全倒装的结构运用，根据句首词和语境判断。
Not only ________ (do) he speak English well, but also he can speak French.（Not only置于句首，用部分倒装，填does）
B. 考查强调句的结构及引导词的选择，依据强调部分的性质确定。
It was the teacher ________ taught me how to solve the problem.（强调人，用who/that，填who/that）
C. 考查反意疑问句中疑问部分的构成，注意陈述部分的否定词及祈使句的情况。
He seldom goes to the cinema, ________ (does) he?（seldom表示否定，疑问部分用肯定，填does）
D. 考查省略句中省略成分的判断，根据状语从句等的规则填写。
Once ________ (publish), the book will be very popular.（从句主语和主句主语一致且有be动词，省略主语和be动词，填published）
二、特殊句式在短文改错中的增分点
A. 倒装句结构错误，如部分倒装时助动词使用不当。
Only in this way we can solve the problem.（应把we can改为can we）
B. 强调句引导词错误或结构混乱。
It was in the park where I met my old friend.（强调句中where应改为that）
C. 反意疑问句规则运用错误，如肯否定判断失误。
He is a good student, doesn't he?（应把doesn't改为isn't）
D. 省略句中省略不当，导致句子成分残缺或语义不明。
When cross the road, be careful.（cross应改为crossing）
三、特殊句式在书面表达中的增分点
1. 运用倒装句增强语气，突出重点内容。
Only by working hard can we achieve our dreams.（强调努力工作的重要性）
2. 使用强调句强调关键信息，使表达更有力度。
It was his help that enabled me to get through the difficulties.（突出“他的帮助”的作用）
3. 合理利用省略句简化表达，使句子更流畅。
If possible, we will start the project next week.（使句子简洁明了）
【综合检测】
一、单句语法填空
1. Not until you told me ________ (do) I know the news.
2. It was at the station ________ I met my old classmate.
3. You have a lot of books, ________ (haven't) you?
4. While ________ (walk) in the street, I saw a traffic accident.
5. Little ________ (do) he care about what others think.
6. Let's have a party, ________ (shall) we?
7. So difficult ________ (be) the problem that I couldn't work it out.
8. Was it you ________ broke the window?
9. If ________ (give) more time, I can finish the work better.
10. There is nothing wrong with your bike, ________ (is) there?
二、语篇填空
Last week, I had an interesting experience. It was in the supermarket 1________ I met a foreigner. He looked a little worried. I went up to him and asked if he needed any help. He said he wanted to buy a book 2________ he couldn't find it.
I helped him look for the book. 3________ (final), we found it in a corner. He was very grateful. Not only 4________ (do) he thank me, but also he gave me a small gift. It was a beautiful key - ring from his country.
After that, we talked for a while. He told me a lot about his country. It was really interesting. Only then 5________ (do) I realize that it's important to learn English well.
When I got home, I told my parents about the experience. They were happy. My father said, "It is you 6________ have done a good deed. Keep it up."
If 7________ (ask) to help others in the future, I will always be willing to. Because helping others is helping ourselves. Let's try our best to make the world a better place, 8________ (shall) we?
答案
一、1. did 2. that 3. haven't 4. walking 5. does 6. shall 7. was 8. who/that 9. given 10. is
二、1. that 2. but 3. Finally 4. did 5. did 6. who/that 7. asked 8. shall

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