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Unit 9
Unit 9
HUMAN BIOLOGY
LESSON 2
BRAIN POWER
To listen and talk about the human brain and brain power
To listen for general understanding and for specific information
To listen to formal and informal talks
To learn and practice using expressions that ask for and give advice
To search online for information and present findings to a class
Work in pairs and talk about different areas of the brain that are responsible for different functions.
Pair work. Match the words from the box with their definitions.
atom nerve billion cell organ
( ) 1. one thousand million
( ) 2. a part of the body that has a particular purpose,
e.g. the heart
( ) 3. the smallest piece of something that can exist alone
( ) 4. a tiny part of the body that helps carry messages
to and from the brain
( ) 5. a unit of living matter
billion
organ
atom
nerve
cell
Before listening to a lecture about the brain, read the statements and write T (true) or F (false).
( ) 1. The brain consists of only white matter.
( ) 2. The brain weighs just over a kilo.
( ) 3. The brain contains about one billion cells.
( ) 4. The brain uses 10% of the body’s energy.
( ) 5. The brain sends messages in the same way as a
computer works.
( ) 6. There are more possible connections in your brain
than there are atoms in the universe.
F
T
F
F
T
T
Listen to the lecture and check your answers to Activity 2. Correct the false ones.
1. The brain consists of only white matter.
2. The brain weighs just over a kilo.
3. The brain contains about one billion cells.
4. The brain uses 10% of the body’s energy.
5. The brain sends messages in the same way as a computer
works.
6. There are more possible connections in your brain than
there are atoms in the universe.
grey and white matter.
over one hundred billion cells.
20%
Listen again. Complete the information you hear about the brain. Then tell your partner what you have learnt about the brain.
What matter does it consist of Grey and white matter
How much does it weigh
How much body’s energy does it use
How many cells does it contain
just over a kilo
20%
over one hundred billion cells
How are messages sent The brain cells make up _________________, which are connected by _________________. The brain sends messages using _________________.
nerve cells
electrical impulses
electrical impulses
What have we learnt about the brain in the last ten years There are different areas in the brain, which are _______________________________. We now know which parts of the brain _____________ different parts of our ________________ from them. The brain also has different areas for different kinds of _______________. You have one area for your ________________ and another area for ______________________________________________________.
responsible for different functions
are related to
body and feelings
thinking
first language
a foreign language that you learn when you are older
Complete the summary with the words from the lecture.
The brain consists of 1. ______________ matter. It weighs
2. _______________. It uses 3. _______ of the body’s energy. It contains over 4. _____________________ which make up nerve cells. These nerve cells are connected by electrical impulses. There are more possible connections in one brain than there are 5. ____________________. Scientists have mapped different areas of the brain that are responsible for 6. ________________. There are also different areas for different types of thinking, such as learning your own language and learning a 7. ________ language.
grey and white
just over a kilo
20%
one hundred billion cells
atoms in the universe
different functions
foreign
You will listen to a call-in radio programme with five persons. One person is the presenter, and one person is a guest professor. The other three people will ask the professor questions. Listen to the
programme and complete the table.
ASKING FOR AND GIVING ADVICE
What problem do they have What can they do
Anna:_____________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________
____________________________________________________
John: _____________________ __________________________ __________________________ ____________ on junk food, _______________________ of Omega- 3fats
Bella: _____________________ ______________________________________________________ __________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Exams are coming up, so he wonders if there are certain foods that are good for the brain.
Is there any particular kind of exercise that can improve the health of her brain
cut down
increase the intake
do exercise that is good for the heart, such as walking and running
Memory isn’t as good as it used to be, so do brain exercises really work
challenge their brain with learning new things they are not good at
Eat healthy foods. They contain vitamins and minerals that
are important for the nervous system.
Get a lot of exercise.
Wear a helmet when you ride your bike or play other sports that require head protection.
Don't drink alcohol, take drugs, or use tobacco.
Use your brain by doing challenging activities, such as
puzzles, reading, playing music, making art, or
anything else that gives the brain a workout!
So what can we do for the brain
Asking for Advice
1 _________________ try them
2 ___________________, Professor Kim
3 So what kinds of activities _________________
4 Is there any particular kind of exercise… ________________
Giving Advice
1 _______________________ try learning a new language…
2 _______________________ is to cut down on junk food.
3 ___________________________ increase your intake of …
4 ___________________ do exercise that is good for your heart.
Listen and plete the Talk Builder.
Should I
What’s your advice
You could
One thing you can do
It might also be a good idea to
What should I do
I advise you to
do you suggest
Talk Builder
Asking for and Giving Advice
Asking for advice Giving advice
Could I ask for your / some advice on / about ... What do you think I should do What would you do in this situation Can you give me some advice Should I… I think you should ...
Why don’t you ...
What / How about ...
Have you tried / considered ...
If I were you, I would ...
You’d better ...
I advise you to…
Asking for advice Giving advice
What do you advise me to do If you were me what would you do I would appreciate your advice on / about ... Could I ask what your reaction would be ... What’s your advice What should I do You ought (not) to ...
I (don’t) think you should / ought to ...
It might (not) be a good / bad idea to ...
One thing you could / should / have to do is ...
It uses twenty percent of the body’s energy and it contains
over one hundred billion cells.
它消耗身体20%的能量，包含超过1000亿个细胞。
contain vt. 1) to have something inside or include something
as a part 包含, 含有, 容纳
e.g. This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
2) to control or hide a strong emotion, such as
excitement or anger 控制, 克制, 抑制(感情)
e.g. She was unable to contain her excitement.
【拓展】contain oneself 克制自己；自制
container n. 容器
e.g. I was so angry I just couldn't contain myself.
Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container.
【语境应用】根据语境猜测contain的意思。
1) How much liquid do you think this bottle contains __________
2) She could no longer contain her anger and shouted at him uncontrollably. __________
包含，容纳
抑制(感情)
1. Search online in groups for more ways to increase brain power. Then prepare a short presentation to the class next time.
2. Preview Lesson 3.
Thank you

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