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Unit 8 Once Upon a Time语法
一、语法知识聚焦
（一）一般过去时的用法与结构
1. 用法：一般过去时用于表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常常会和yesterday（昨天）、last week（上周）、in 2020（在2020年）等表示过去的时间状语一起使用。
2. 结构
肯定句：由“主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他”构成。比如：Cinderella danced at the ball.（灰姑娘在舞会上跳舞。）
否定句：在主语后加上did not（didn’t），再接动词原形。例如：The prince did not find the glass shoe.（王子没有找到水晶鞋。）
一般疑问句：把Did放在句首，后面接主语和动词原形。例如：Did Snow White eat the apple （白雪公主吃了那个苹果吗？）回答时用Yes, she did.（是的，她吃了。）或者No, she didn’t.（不，她没吃。）
特殊疑问句：结构是“疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他” 。例如：Where did the wolf go （狼去哪里了？）回答是To Grandma’s house.（去奶奶家了。）
3. 规则动词过去式变化口诀
一般情况下，直接在动词后面加 -ed，像work变成worked，jump变成jumped。
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加 -d，比如live变成lived，smile变成smiled。
当动词是以辅音字母 + y结尾时，要把y变成i，再加上 -ed，例如study变成studied，cry变成cried。
对于重读闭音节的动词，要双写末尾的字母，然后再加 -ed，例如stop变成stopped，plan变成planned 。
4. 不规则动词：有一些动词的过去式变化不遵循上述规则，需要单独记忆，例如go的过去式是went，see的过去式是saw，eat的过去式是ate，write的过去式是wrote。
（二）过去进行时的用法与结构
1. 用法：过去进行时用来表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，经常和at 8 PM yesterday（昨天晚上8点）、while、when等词一起使用。
2. 结构
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词 -ing。例如：The mice were sewing a dress for Cinderella.（老鼠们正在为灰姑娘缝制一条裙子。）
否定句：主语 + was/were not + 动词 -ing。比如：The witch was not smiling at the children.（女巫没有对着孩子们微笑。）
疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词 -ing 例如：Were the dwarfs working in the mine （小矮人们正在矿井里工作吗？）回答是Yes, they were.（是的，他们在工作。）
3. 时间状语从句：通常While引导的从句用过去进行时，表示长动作；when引导的从句用一般过去时，表示短动作。例如：While the princess was sleeping, the prince kissed her.（公主正在睡觉的时候，王子亲吻了她。）；The dragon appeared when they were climbing the mountain.（他们正在爬山的时候，龙出现了。）
（三）直接引语与间接引语的转换
1. 基本规则：在引述动词（如said、asked）后面，用that引导从句，that有时可以省略。同时，人称、时态、时间/地点状语都需要进行调整。
例如："I will help you," said the fairy.（仙女说：“我会帮助你。”）转换为间接引语是The fairy said (that) she would help me.（仙女说她会帮助我。）
"We are fighting the giant now," they shouted.（他们喊道：“我们现在正在和巨人战斗。”）转换后为They shouted (that) they were fighting the giant then.（他们喊道他们那时正在和巨人战斗。）
2. 特殊疑问句转换：特殊疑问句转换为间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。例如："Where did you hide the treasure " asked the pirate.（海盗问：“你把宝藏藏在哪里了？”）转换后是The pirate asked where I had hidden the treasure.（海盗问我把宝藏藏在了哪里。）
（四）故事中的常用表达与动词短语
1. live happily ever after：表示“从此过上幸福的生活” 。例如：The king and queen lived happily ever after.（国王和王后从此过上了幸福的生活。）
2. cast a spell：意思是“施魔法” 。例如：The witch cast a spell on the prince.（女巫对王子施了魔法。）
3. turn into：意为“变成” 。例如：The frog turned into a handsome prince.（青蛙变成了一位英俊的王子。）
4. set off on a journey：表示“出发去旅行” 。例如：The hero set off on a journey to find the magic sword.（英雄出发去寻找魔法剑。）
二、学以致用
（一）动词过去式填空
1. The princess __________ (lose) her golden ring in the forest.
2. The children __________ (run) away when they saw the wolf.
3. Alice __________ (drink) the potion and __________ (become) small.
4. __________ (be) the stepmother cruel to Cinderella
5. The knight __________ (fight) bravely against the dragon.
（二）句型转换
1. "I am reading a fairy tale," said Tom.（改为间接引语）
→ Tom said _______________________________.
2. The giant was sleeping when Jack climbed the beanstalk.（对划线部分提问）
→ __________________ when Jack climbed the beanstalk
3. They visited the enchanted castle last week.（改为否定句）
→ They __________________ the enchanted castle last week.
4. Did the wizard give you a magic wand （改为肯定句）
→ The wizard __________________ a magic wand.
（三）完形填空
Once upon a time, there 1__________ (live) a poor woodcutter. One day, he 2__________ (find) a magic lamp in the forest. When he 3 __________ (rub) it, a genie 4__________ (appear) and said, "I 5__________ (will) grant you three wishes." The woodcutter 6 __________ (ask) for a big house, delicious food, and happiness. From that day on, his life 7__________ (change) completely.
（四）阅读理解
The Little Mermaid
The Little Mermaid loved a prince and wanted to become human. She visited the Sea Witch, who gave her legs but took her voice. The prince married another girl, and the mermaid turned into sea foam.
1. What did the Sea Witch take from the mermaid
A. Her legs. B. Her voice. C. Her tail.
2. Why did the mermaid turn into foam
A. She lost her magic. B. The prince married someone else. C. The witch cursed her.
（五）翻译句子
1. 很久以前，有一位善良的仙女帮助了灰姑娘。
→ ________________________________________________________
2. 当国王在讲话时，所有人都在安静地听。
→ ________________________________________________________
3. 巫婆对苹果施了魔法，白雪公主吃了它。
→ ________________________________________________________
答案
（一）动词过去式填空
1. lost
2. ran
3. drank; became
4. Was
5. fought
（二）句型转换
1. Tom said (that) he was reading a fairy tale.
2. What was the giant doing when Jack climbed the beanstalk
3. They didn’t visit the enchanted castle last week.
4. The wizard gave me a magic wand.
（三）完形填空
1. lived
2. found
3. rubbed
4. appeared
5. would
6. asked
7. changed
（四）阅读理解
1. B
2. B
（五）翻译句子
1. Long long ago, a kind fairy helped Cinderella.
2. When the king was speaking, everyone was listening quietly.
3. The witch cast a spell on the apple and Snow White ate it.

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