Unit 1 You and me 单元语法总结及练习(含答案) 人教版(2024)七年级上册

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Unit 1 You and me 单元语法总结及练习(含答案) 人教版(2024)七年级上册

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Unit 1 You and Me语法
一、语法知识聚焦
(一)一般现在时的用法与结构
1. 用法:一般现在时用于描述经常性、习惯性的动作,或者表示客观事实。常常会和频度副词(像always总是、usually通常、often经常、sometimes有时、never从不)以及时间状语(例如every day每天、on weekends在周末)一起使用。
2. 结构
肯定句:当主语不是第三人称单数(I、you、we、they等)时,用“主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”;当主语是第三人称单数(he、she、it等)时,用“主语 + 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他”。比如:I play basketball every Sunday.(我每周日打篮球。)She watches TV after school.(她放学后看电视。)
否定句:主语不是第三人称单数时,用“主语 + do not (don’t) + 动词原形 + 其他”;主语是第三人称单数时,用“主语 + does not (doesn’t) + 动词原形 + 其他”。例如:They do not (don’t) like spicy food.(他们不喜欢辣的食物。)He does not (doesn’t) go to bed early.(他不早睡。)
一般疑问句:主语不是第三人称单数时,用“Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?”;主语是第三人称单数时,用“Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?”。比如:Do you study English every day (你每天学英语吗?)Does your brother help with chores (你弟弟帮忙做家务吗?)回答时用Yes, I do.(是的,我做。)或No, I don’t.(不,我不做。)
特殊疑问句:结构是“疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?”。例如:What do you do on weekends (你周末做什么?)Where does she live (她住在哪里?)
3. 动词第三人称单数变化规则
一般情况下,动词直接加 -s,比如play变成plays,work变成works。
以 -s、-sh、-ch、-x、-o结尾的动词,要加 -es,例如wash变成washes,go变成goes。
当动词是以辅音字母 + y结尾时,把y变成i,再加 -es,像study变成studies,carry变成carries。
(二)现在进行时的用法与结构
1. 用法:现在进行时表示在说话的这个时刻正在进行的动作,或者现阶段临时正在做的动作。常与now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、these days(这些天)等时间状语连用。
2. 结构
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词 -ing + 其他。例如:I am reading a book now.(我正在读书。)They are playing soccer in the park.(他们正在公园踢足球。)
否定句:主语 + am/is/are not + 动词 -ing + 其他。比如:She is not (isn’t) listening to music.(她没在听音乐。)We are not (aren’t) eating dinner.(我们没在吃晚饭。)
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词 -ing + 其他?例如:Are you doing homework (你在做作业吗?)Is the cat sleeping on the sofa (猫在沙发上睡觉吗?)回答用Yes, I am.(是的,我在做。)或No, it isn’t.(不,它没在睡。)
3. 动词 -ing形式变化规则
一般的动词直接加 -ing,例如read变成reading,draw变成drawing。
以不发音的e结尾的动词,要先去掉e,再加 -ing,像write变成writing,dance变成dancing。
对于重读闭音节的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 -ing,比如run变成running,swim变成swimming。
(三)人称代词与物主代词
1. 人称代词:人称代词分为主格和宾格。主格在句子中作主语,宾格在句子中作宾语。主格有I(我)、you(你/你们)、he(他)、she(她)、it(它)、we(我们)、they(他们/她们/它们);宾格有me(我)、you(你/你们)、him(他)、her(她)、it(它)、us(我们)、them(他们/她们/它们)。例如:He is my friend. I often play with him.(他是我的朋友,我常和他玩。)They are students. The teacher teaches them math.(他们是学生,老师教他们数学。)
2. 物主代词:物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后面要接名词,名词性物主代词本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。形容词性物主代词有my(我的)、your(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们的/她们的/它们的);名词性物主代词有mine(我的)、yours(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、ours(我们的)、theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的)。例如:This is my book. The red one is yours.(这是我的书,红色的那本是你的。)Their classroom is big, but ours is small.(他们的教室大,但我们的教室小。)
(四)日常活动与动词短语
1. 常用动词短语
get up(起床):I get up at 6:30 every morning.(我每天早上6点半起床。)
have breakfast(吃早餐):She has breakfast with her family.(她和家人一起吃早餐。)
go to school(去上学):They go to school by bus.(他们坐公交车去上学。)
do homework(做作业):We do homework after class.(我们课后做作业。)
play sports(做运动):He plays sports to stay healthy.(他做运动来保持健康。)
2. 表达喜好:可以用“like/love/enjoy + 动词 -ing”的结构。例如:I like singing in the shower.(我喜欢在洗澡时唱歌。)They enjoy playing video games.(他们喜欢玩电子游戏。)
二、学以致用
(一)动词填空(用一般现在时或现在进行时)
1. My sister usually __________ (watch) TV in the evening, but now she __________ (read) a comic book.
2. __________ (be) you free now I __________ (want) to talk to you.
3. The boys __________ (play) basketball every Saturday, but today they __________ (practice) volleyball.
4. Look! The dog __________ (chase) its tail in the garden.
5. __________ (do) your parents __________ (work) in this city
(二)句型转换
1. She walks to school every day.(改为否定句)
→ She __________ __________ to school every day.
2. Are they cleaning the classroom now (改为肯定句)
→ They __________ __________ the classroom now.
3. Tom and Jerry play chess on weekends.(对划线部分提问)
→ __________ __________ Tom and Jerry __________ on weekends
4. “I am drawing a picture,” said Lily.(改为间接引语)
→ Lily said __________ __________ __________ a picture.
(三)语法填空
Hi! My name 1__________ (be) Lucy. I 2__________ (live) in Beijing with my family. Every morning, I 3__________ (get up) at 7:00 and 4__________ (have) breakfast. My father 5__________ (drive) me to school. I 6__________ (like) math, but my brother 7__________ (not like) it. He 8__________ (prefer) art.
(四)阅读理解
My Best Friend
Anna is my best friend. She is 12 years old. We go to the same school and sit together in class. Anna loves dancing and often practices after school. I like playing the piano, so we sometimes go to the music room together. On weekends, we ride bikes in the park or watch movies.
1. How old is Anna
A. 10.
B. 12.
C. 14.
2. What do the two friends do on weekends
A. Study math.
B. Ride bikes and watch movies.
C. Practice dancing.
(五)翻译句子
1. 我每天骑自行车上学。
→ __________
2. 他现在正在和朋友们打篮球。
→ __________
3. 她的书包是蓝色的,我的书包是红色的。
→ __________
答案
(一)动词填空
1. watches; is reading
2. Are; want
3. play; are practicing
4. is chasing
5. Do; work
(二)句型转换
1. doesn’t walk
2. are cleaning
3. What do; do
4. (that) she was drawing
(三)语法填空
1. is
2. live
3. get up
4. have
5. drives
6. like
7. doesn’t like
8. prefers
(四)阅读理解
1. B
2. B
(五)翻译句子
1. I ride a bike to school every day.
2. He is playing basketball with his friends now.
3. Her schoolbag is blue, and mine is red.

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