资源简介

Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.单元语法
一、语法知识聚焦
（一）现在完成时“for”与“since”的用法深化
在Unit 10中，“for + 时间段”和“since + 时间点/从句（从句用一般过去时）”的用法进一步凸显，它们是现在完成时中表达动作或状态持续时间的关键结构。“for + 时间段”着重说明动作或状态持续的时长，比如“I've had this bike for three years.（我拥有这辆自行车已经三年了）” ，三年这个时间段明确体现拥有自行车这一状态从过去开始一直延续到现在。这种用法在描述日常生活中具有持续性的情况时极为常见，像 “He has studied Chinese for five months.（他学习中文已经五个月了）”，让我们能清晰了解动作持续的时间跨度。
“since + 时间点”则是从某个特定的过去时间点起，动作或状态一直延续至今。例如 “I've lived in this neighborhood since 2010.（自2010年起我就住在这个街区）”，2010年作为一个明确的时间点，标志着居住这一状态的起始，强调从那时到现在的连续性。“since + 从句（从句用一般过去时）”同样如此，“She has been happy since she got the good news.（自从她得到那个好消息后就一直很开心）”，从句“she got the good news”是过去发生的动作，从这个动作发生的时间起，主句的状态就一直持续。
（二）延续性动词与瞬间动词在现在完成时中的运用
1. 延续性动词：延续性动词在现在完成时中，能够直接与“for”或“since”引导的时间状语连用，来表达动作从过去开始一直持续到现在的情况。例如“keep”（保留）这个延续性动词，“I've kept this book for two weeks.（我保留这本书已经两周了）” ，“keep”的动作在过去开始，持续了两周到现在，且可能继续持续下去。再如“stay”（停留），“They have stayed in the hotel since yesterday.（他们从昨天起就一直待在酒店）” ，“stay”的动作从昨天开始不间断地持续到现在。常见的延续性动词还有“live”（居住）、“study”（学习）、“work”（工作）等，它们在现在完成时中，用于准确描述持续的行为或状态。
2. 瞬间动词：瞬间动词表示的动作在瞬间就会完成，不能持续。在现在完成时中，如果要表达瞬间动作发生后产生的持续影响或状态，需要将瞬间动词转换为相应的延续性表达。例如“buy”（买）是瞬间动词，“I bought this bike three years ago.（我三年前买了这辆自行车）”，这是一般过去时的表达；若要表达从买自行车到现在的持续状态，需转换为延续性表达，“I've had this bike for three years.（我拥有这辆自行车已经三年了）”，用“have”（拥有）这个延续性动词来表示从过去买自行车这个瞬间动作之后，一直处于拥有自行车的状态。类似的瞬间动词还有“borrow”（借），需转换为“keep”（保留） ，“He borrowed the book two days ago.（他两天前借了这本书）”转换为现在完成时的持续表达是“He has kept the book for two days.（他借这本书已经两天了）”；“leave”（离开）转换为“be away” ，“She left home last week.（她上周离开了家）”转换为“She has been away from home since last week.（她从上周起就离开了家）” 。
（三）现在完成时在表达物品拥有与情感经历方面的应用
1. 物品拥有：本单元中现在完成时频繁用于表达对物品的拥有时长，强调物品与主人之间从过去到现在的所属关系。除了常见的 “I've had this bike for three years.”，还有 “We've owned this house since my father was born.（自从我父亲出生我们就拥有了这所房子）”，“own”（拥有）和“have”在这里都用于现在完成时，突出物品拥有时间的长久性，这种表达在描述家庭财产、个人珍藏等方面很常见，让人们清晰知晓物品所属的时间跨度。
2. 情感经历：现在完成时也用于表达情感或心理状态从过去开始并持续到现在的情况。比如 “I've loved reading books since I was a child.（我从小就喜欢读书）” ，“love”（喜欢）这一情感从过去“小时候”开始一直延续到现在，体现了情感的持续性。再如 “She has been afraid of dogs since she was bitten by one.（自从她被一只狗咬过后就一直害怕狗）”，“be afraid of”（害怕）这一心理状态从过去被咬的事件发生后一直持续至今，通过现在完成时准确传达了情感或心理状态的延续过程。
（四）现在完成时与一般过去时在物品相关情境中的区别
在涉及物品的描述中，现在完成时和一般过去时的区别十分明显。一般过去时单纯描述过去发生的与物品相关的动作，和现在没有直接关联。例如 “I bought a new dress yesterday.（我昨天买了一条新裙子）”，只是陈述昨天买裙子这个过去的行为，不涉及对现在的影响；而现在完成时则强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果，以及动作的持续性。如 “I've had this dress for a week.（我拥有这条裙子已经一周了）”，既体现了从过去买裙子到现在持续拥有的状态，也暗示了这条裙子现在还在“我”这里，对现在的物品所属情况有影响。
在时间状语的使用上，一般过去时与明确的过去时间状语连用，像 “last month（上个月）”、“two days ago（两天前）”等，如 “He lost his keys last night.（他昨晚丢了钥匙）” ；现在完成时则常与“for”、“since”等表示时间段或时间点的状语连用，或者与“already”、“yet”等副词搭配，例如 “I haven't found my keys yet.（我还没找到我的钥匙）” 。
（五）现在完成时的特殊句型拓展
1. It is + 时间段 + since从句（从句用一般过去时）：这个句型也是现在完成时的一种变体表达，意思是“自从……以来已经有多长时间了”。例如 “It is three years since I bought this bike.（自从我买这辆自行车以来已经三年了）”，它和 “I've had this bike for three years.”表达的意思相近，但句型结构不同。这种句型在日常生活中常用于回顾过去某个事件发生后到现在的时长，如 “It is five months since she left the company.（自从她离开公司已经五个月了）” ，让人们更直观地了解时间间隔。
2. Have/Has + 主语 + ever + 过去分词 + 其他 + before ：这是现在完成时的一种特殊疑问句形式，用于询问对方在过去的经历中是否曾经做过某事，“ever”表示“曾经”，“before”表示“以前” ，增强了询问经历的语气。例如 “Have you ever ridden a horse before （你以前曾经骑过马吗？）”，回答可以是 “Yes, I have.（是的，我骑过）” 或 “No, I haven't.（不，我没骑过）” 。这种句型在交流中常用于了解他人的过往经历，增加话题的丰富性。
二、学以致用
（一）语法填空
1. My brother ______ (keep) this model plane for five years.
2. They ______ (not see) each other since they graduated from school.
3. ______ you ever ______ (eat) Beijing Duck before
4. She ______ (have) this pet cat since it was a little kitten.
5. We ______ (live) in this apartment since 2018.
6. He ______ (not finish) reading the novel yet.
7. Have you ______ (be) to the Great Wall more than once
8. I ______ (already visit) the science museum three times.
9. ______ she ever ______ (travel) by train alone
10. They ______ (own) this shop for ten years.
（二）阅读理解
I have a special toy bear. I've had it since I was five years old. My mother gave it to me on my fifth birthday. It was white at first, but now it has a few dirty marks. It's not as soft as it was before because I've hugged it so many times.
I used to sleep with it every night. When I was sad, I would talk to it. It seemed to understand me. Even though I'm much older now, I still can't part with it. It holds so many sweet memories of my childhood.
Last week, my little cousin came to my house. He saw the toy bear and wanted to play with it. I was a little worried at first because I was afraid he would damage it. But then I thought it would be okay to let him play with it for a while as long as I watched him carefully. He had a lot of fun with the bear, and seeing him play with it made me remember how much I loved playing with it when I was a kid.
1. How long has the writer had the toy bear
A. Since the writer was four.
B. Since the writer was five.
C. For four years.
D. For six years.
2. What does the toy bear look like now
A. It's still white and soft.
B. It has some dirty marks and is less soft.
C. It's completely dirty.
D. It's as soft as before.
3. Why does the writer still keep the toy bear
A. Because it's very expensive.
B. Because it's a new toy.
C. Because it has many sweet childhood memories.
D. Because it's a gift from a friend.
4. How did the writer feel when his cousin wanted to play with the toy bear
A. Happy.
B. Angry.
C. Worried at first.
D. Indifferent.
5. What can we learn from the passage
A. Old toys are not useful.
B. We should always buy new toys.
C. Toys can hold our memories.
D. We should give away old toys.
（三）翻译句子
1. 我拥有这支钢笔已经两年了。
2. 他自从去年就开始收集邮票了。
3. 你曾经看过这部有趣的电影吗？
4. 她还没有读完那本书。
5. 他们已经在这个小镇住了十年了。
（四）写作任务
以 “My Favorite Thing” 为题，用英语写一篇短文，介绍你最喜欢的物品。内容包括：它是什么，你拥有它多久了，你是怎么得到它的，它对你有什么特殊意义，不少于80词。
答 案
（一）语法填空
1. has kept。“for five years”是现在完成时的标志，主语“My brother”是第三人称单数，“keep”的过去分词是“kept”，所以用“has kept”。
2. haven't seen。“since they graduated from school”表明是现在完成时，主语“They”是复数，否定形式用“haven't seen”。
3. Have; eaten。“ever”和“before”常与现在完成时连用，一般疑问句结构为“Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 + 其他”，主语是“you”，“eat”的过去分词是“eaten”，所以填“Have; eaten”。
4. has had。“since it was a little kitten”表示从过去到现在的一段时间，主语“She”是第三人称单数，“have”的过去分词是“had”，用“has had”。
5. have lived。“since 2018”是现在完成时的时间状语，主语“We”是复数，“live”的过去分词是“lived”，填“have lived”。
6. hasn't finished。“yet”用于现在完成时的否定句，主语“He”是第三人称单数，“finish”的过去分词是“finished”，用“hasn't finished”。
7. been。“Have you ever been to...”是常用句型，“be”的过去分词是“been”，所以填“been”。
8. have already visited。“already”用于现在完成时肯定句，主语是“I”，“visit”的过去分词是“visited”，用“have already visited”。
9. Has; traveled。“ever”表明用现在完成时，主语“she”是第三人称单数，一般疑问句助动词用“Has”，“travel”的过去分词是“traveled”（英式英语也可写成“travelled”），填“Has; traveled”。
10. have owned。“for ten years”是现在完成时标志，主语“They”是复数，“own”的过去分词是“owned”，填“have owned”。
（二）阅读理解
1. B。根据文中“I've had it since I was five years old.”可知，作者从五岁起就拥有这只玩具熊，答案选B。
2. B。从“It was white at first, but now it has a few dirty marks. It's not as soft as it was before”可知，玩具熊现在有一些脏痕且没那么柔软了，答案是B。
3. C。文中提到“It holds so many sweet memories of my childhood.”，说明作者保留玩具熊是因为它承载了很多童年美好回忆，选C。
4. C。由“I was a little worried at first because I was afraid he would damage it.”可知，当表弟想玩玩具熊时，作者一开始很担心，答案选C。
5. C。文章主要讲述了作者的玩具熊承载着童年回忆，说明玩具可以承载我们的记忆，选C。
（三）翻译句子
1. I have had this pen for two years.
2. He has collected stamps since last year.
3. Have you ever seen this interesting movie
4. She hasn't finished reading that book yet.
5. They have lived in this small town for ten years.
（四）写作任务
My Favorite Thing
My favorite thing is a photo album. I've had it for about five years. I got it from my parents on my 12th birthday.
It's not an ordinary photo album. Inside are pictures of my family, friends and all the important moments in my life. There are photos of my first day at school, family vacations and parties with friends. Each photo has a story behind it.
This photo album means a lot to me. Whenever I look through it, I can recall those wonderful times. It's like a time - machine that takes me back to the past. It helps me remember the love from my family and the friendship with my friends. Even if time passes by, these memories in the photo album will always stay with me, making it my most precious possession.

展开更多......

收起↑