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（1）名词（综合测试）——中考英语一轮复习考点精炼与综测
分值：100分
一、单选题（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1. There are fifty _____ in our school. They are all friendly to us.
A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teacher D. women teachers
2. I have two ________ and some ________ for lunch.
A. tomato; chicken B. tomatoes; chickensC. tomato; chickens D. tomatoes; chicken
3. I’m Eric Brown. Eric is my ________ name, and Brown is my ________ name.
A. first; last B. first; middle C. last; first D. last; middle
4. Teenagers are too young to make _________ own decisions in our country.
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
5. —How do you improve your English
—________ you speak, ________ your English will be.
A. The less; the more B. The more; the better
C. The less; the better D. The more; the less
6. —What can we do after a busy day
—We can relax _____ watching TV or listening to music.
A. on B. by C. over D. from
7. — I hear Susan will go to Beijing by herself.
—That’s true. ______her father_______her mother will go with her.
A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also
8. The final of the World Cup ________ for an hour, but many people are still walking in the street and cheering for Messi.
A. has started B. has finished C. has been on D. has been over
9. —Don't be late for school next time, _____
—No, I won't.
A. are you B. will you C. do you D. did you
10. —I'm very hungry, Amy. Do you know _____
—Of course! I suggest Sunshine Fast Food over there.
A. where we can get some food quickly B. where can we get some food quickly
C. when we can get some food quickly D. when can we get some food quickly
11. —How do you like the book Little Women
—Wonderful. I think it is the best one _____ tells us the importance of family.
A. who B. what C. which D. that
12. —Tom, what’s your reason for being late for school this time
—I thought I could arrive on time. But the bus started moving ______ I could get on it.
A．after B. until C. while D. before
13. Not only Kitty but also her friends______ in favour of doing morning exercises.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
14. It takes us about an hour and a half _____ to Shenzhen from Zengcheng by car.
A. get B. got C. getting D. to get
15. —I'll have an important meeting this weekend, so I can't go fishing with you.
—_______ I thought we could have a nice time together.
A. It's a pleasure. B. You're welcome.
C. What a pity! D. I am sure.
二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
Early in the morning, at noon, or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside, all over the United States, you can see Americans running—men and women, young and old. People run 16 along the beaches of California, 17 the Central Park in New York, down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym. Some people even run in 18 living rooms.
Running wasn't so popular in the past. In the 1960s, runners were mostly athletes (运动员) and healthy strong people. When people saw a runner, they used to 19 , "Hey, what's the hurry for " or they might say to themselves, "Is he crazy " At that time, women almost 20 ran. If they did, they might be laughed at. But today all these have 21 . Men and women of all 22 enjoy running.
Doctors say many of the health problems in the United States 23 these bad habits: eating too much, smoking cigarettes (香烟), and taking 24 exercise. Doctors tell us, "Eat less, don't smoke, and exercise more. " Running is good exercise 25 it helps build strong hearts and lungs. It also helps most people lose weight.
16. A. anywhere B. somewhere C. everywhere D. nowhere
17. A. among B. through C. with D. on
18. A. our B. your C. his D. their
19. A. ask B. spoke C. speak D. asked
20. A. always B. never C. often D. sometimes
21. A. changed B. taken C. worked D. done
22. A. people B. cities C. villages D. ages
23. A. come from B. look for C. care for D. think of
24. A. few B. many C. much D. little
25. A. how B. where C. because D. uniil
三、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
A
In a school garden in Ningxia, the roles of students are not the same as those before. Here, students do the teaching.
"This is our vegetable area," a student from Grade 8 tells a visitor. "We have grown many kinds of vegetables. "
"Look! These are tomatoes," another student adds, "and those are carrots... " The two students have been working in the garden since 2021. They are part of their school's gardening programme. Actually, most schools in Ningxia have their own gardens, where students harvest (收获) their special "schoolwork".
In the gardens, students work in teams with the help of their teachers. They finish all the important steps by themselves. For example, team members study what to grow. Then they discuss and plan their gardens. They plant seeds(种子), pull grass and water their plants. Some students also grow oranges and apples by themselves. In autumn, they harvest their "schoolwork"—all kinds of fruits and vegetables!
School gardens _____ too. For example, students study the plants they grow in science classes. Maths becomes a tool for planning the garden. Studies have shown that school gardening programmes help students do better in school.
School gardening programmes offer learning experience as well as fun. Young gardeners can practise skills that are useful for their lives. They've had fun working together as a team and learnt how to work together.
26. Who might you see doing the teaching in the school garden in Ningxia
A. Visitors. B. Teachers. C. Students. D. Farmers.
27. Students do the following work in the school gardens EXCEPT _____.
A. studying what to grow
B. discussing and planning the gardens
C. pulling grass and watering plants
D. asking their parents to grow oranges and apples
28. Which of the following subjects can help students plan the garden
A. B. C. D.
29. From school gardening programmes, students can _____.
①learn how to work together
②practise skills that are useful
③work alone without any help
④get learning experience and fun
A. ①③④ B. ①②④ C. ①②③ D. ②③④
30. Which of the following can be put in "_____"
A. provide ideas for classes
B. offer methods for better growing
C. need to make a growing record
D. show some online videos about gardening
B
Exercise is important and necessary in our life. Last month, we asked 2,000 people between 20 and 24 years old about their exercise habits, and 88% of them are women. There are three questions in the survey(调查). The diagrams(图表) below show the results.
It's clear to see that only a few people think exercise is not important and people choose different kinds of activities to keep healthy. Exercise is good for both the mind and the body. And remember, "Old habits die hard. " So start exercising before it's too late!
31. Most of the people in the survey are ____.
A. old men B. young women C. teenage boys D. little kids
32. According to Diagram I, _____ of the people think exercise is very important.
A. 40% B. 50% C. 8% D. 2%
33. According to Diagram II, _____ people in the survey exercise 3 to 5 times a week.
A. 300 B. 500 C. 520 D. 240
34. According to Diagram III, _____ is the most popular with people in the survey.
A. walking B. swimming C. running D. Dancing
35. From the survey, we can know _____.
A. 500 women took part in the survey
B. most people think exercise is a little important
C. about 10% of the people exercise more than twice a week
D. people like running better than walking
四、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
A: What are you doing, Lily
B: 36. _____
A: Your pen friend 37. _____
B: She is from Shanghai. I am writing to her to invite her to come to our city during the summer holiday.
A: Really 38. _____
B: First, I want to take her to visit the zoo in our city, because she likes animals very much.
A: 39. _____
B: I want to go to the beach with her and have fun there.
A: 40. _____ I hope you will have a good time during the summer holiday.
B: Thanks.
A. Then what do you want to do with your pen friend B. That sounds great! C. Who is your pen friend D. I'm writing to my pen friend. E. And then F. How is it going G. Where is your pen friend from
五、语法填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
41. The policeman ________ (catch) the drunk driver, but he didn't remember knocking down the old lady.
42. You will need to practise English more if you want to learn it ________ (good).
43. We need to keep a cat. There are some ________ (mouse) in the house.
44. Thousands of ________ (visit) go to Beijing every day.
45. Peter believes that helping others is helping ________ (he).
六、连词成句（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
46. you, show, will, a picture, her, of yourself
________________________________________
47. his, name, newspaper , afternoon, in, did, see, the, you, yesterday
________________________________________
48. are, his family, doing, near, what, the lake, all
________________________________________
49. vegetable, the, she, carrots, at, bought, the, market, stall, in, the
________________________________________.
50. family, has, she, relatives, many, members, and
________________________________________.
七、书面表达（共1小题；满分25分）
良好的饮食习惯是身体健康的保证。你的饮食习惯是怎样的？请你根据以下要点和要求，以"My eating habits"为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的饮食习惯。要点：
(1)你的一日三餐经常吃些什么；
(2)你最喜欢的食物和饮料是什么；
(3)你认为你的饮食习惯健康吗？你应该怎么做？
要求：
(1)文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称；
(2)词数80左右。
My eating habits
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1. 答案：D
解析：句意:在我们学校有50个女老师,她们对我们都很友好。考查名词复数。woman teacher是一个复合名词,其复数形式是women teachers。根据空前的fifty可知,这里应该用复数形式。故选D。
2. 答案：D
解析：句意：我午餐吃了两个西红柿和一些鸡肉。考查名词的数。tomato西红柿，复数为tomatoes；chicken鸡肉，不可数名词；鸡，可数名词。根据"I have two…and some…for lunch. "可知，空一应填复数名词tomatoes，空二填不可数名词chicken。故选D。
3. 答案：A
解析：句意：我是埃里克·布朗。埃里克是我的名字，布朗是我的姓。考查词汇辨析。first name名字；last name姓；middle name中间名。根据"Eric Brown"及英语常识可知Eric是名字，Brown是姓。故选A。
4. 答案：C
解析：make one's own decision做决定，one's要根据题意进行变换. 根据题意，所以one's要换成对应的their. they他们，them他们，their形容词性物主代词. 只有their符合题意. 故选:C.
5. 答案：B
解析：句意：——你怎样提高你的英语？——你说得越多，你的英语就会越好。"the+ 比较级…, the+比较级…"意为"越……就越……"。故选B。
6. 答案：B
解析：考查介词词义辨析。"忙碌的一天结束后,我们可以做些什么 ""我们可以通过看电视或者听音乐的方式放松自己。"on在……上;by以……方式;over在……上面;from从……来。根据语境可知选B。
7. 答案：C
解析：both... and 两者都;either... or 要么……要么……;neither ... nor 两个都不;not only ... but also ,不但，而且;此题根据语境。我听说她将独自去北京，她的父亲和母亲都不会和她一起去。故用两个都不。故选: C.
8. 答案：D
解析：考查延续性动词用法。has started已经开始，非延续性动词;has finished已经结束，非延续性动词;has been on已经开始，延续性动词;has been over已经结束，延续性动词。根据"但许多人仍然走在街上为梅西加油。"，可推测比赛"已经结束"，排除A、C选项，且空后"一个小时"，与延续性动词搭配。故选D.
9. 答案：B
解析：句意:"下次别迟到了,好吗 ""好的,我不会了。"当反意疑问句为祈使句时,附加问句的结构为:will/ won't＋you。根据上句中的Don't可知为否定句,因此附加问句只能用will you。故选B。
10. 答案：A
解析：根据题干可知,本句考查宾语从句,宾语从句需要用陈述语序,B、D选项是疑问语序,所以排除;再根据答语I suggest Sunshine Fast Food over there. (我建议去那边的阳光快餐店。)可知,此处应是对地点进行的提问,所以引导词用where (哪里),而when (什么时候)是对时间进行的提问,排除C选项。故选:A。
11. 答案：D
解析：本题考查定语从句中的关系词。设空处修饰先行词one,先行词指物,且先行词被形容词最高级修饰,关系词只能用that,不能用which,故选D。
12. 答案：D
解析：after在……之后；until直到；while当……时候；before在……之前。根据 Tom，what's your reason for being late for school this time？（汤姆，你这次上学迟到的原因是什么？）I thought I could arrive on time. （我以为我能准时到达。）和But可知，在我上车之前，车就开动了，因此选before。故选：D。
13. 答案：C
解析：主语是Not only Kitty but also her friends,根据就近原则可知,所缺的be动词是are。
14. 答案：D
解析：根据"It takes sb, some time to do sth. "的句式结构可知选D。
15. 答案：C
解析：根据前者说的I can't go fishing with you我不能和你一起去钓鱼以及后者说的I thought we could have a nice time together我想我们可以一起度过一段美好的时光可知，后者认为前者不能和他去钓鱼是一件遗憾的事情，C项符合题意。A项It's a pleasure很荣幸；B项You're welcome不客气；D项I am sure我确信；故正确答案为C。
二、完形填空
16. 答案：C
解析：anywhere意为"任何地方";somewhere意为"某地"; everywhere意为"到处";nowhere意为"无处"。根据"along the beaches... down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym"可知此处指到处都有跑步的人。故选C项。
17. 答案：B
解析：among意为"在……当中"; through意为"穿过"; with意为"有";on意为"在……上面"。结合 the Central Park in New York可知,此处指从公园内部穿过。故选B项。
18. 答案：D
解析：句意为:有些人甚至在他们的客厅里跑步。根据Some people even可知,这里指有些人在他们的客厅里面跑步。故选D项。
19. 答案：A
解析：根据"Hey, what's the hurry for "可知此处指的是他们过去经常问这样的问题,used to do sth为固定搭配,意为"过去常常做某事"。故选A项。
20. 答案：B
解析：根据"If they did, they might be laughed at. "可知,那时女性几乎从不跑步。故选B项。
21. 答案： A
解析：句意为:但今天,所有这些都改变了。change意为"改变"; take意为"带走"; work意为"工作;运行";do意为"做"。根据"At that time, women almost... ran. "和"Men and women of all... enjoy running,"可知,现在一切都改变了,故选A项。
22. 答案：D
解析：句意为:所有年龄的男性和女性都喜欢跑步。person意为"人"; city意为"城市";village意为"村庄";age意为"年龄"。根据语境可知,所有年龄段的男女都喜欢跑步。故选D项。
23. 答案： A
解析：come from意为"来自";look for意为"寻找"; care for意为"关心;照顾";think of意为"考虑;想到"。根据"eating too much, smoking cigarettes... "可知,此处指医生说在美国许多健康问题都是来自这些不好的习惯。故选A项。
24. 答案：D
解析：空后的exercise意为"锻炼",在此处作不可数名词;结合bad habits可知,此处表示否定,指几乎不锻炼,little符合题意。
25. 答案：C
解析：句意为:跑步是很好的运动,因为它有助于强健心肺。根据语境可知,设空前后分句之间构成因果关系,且原因在后,因此用because引导原因状语从句。
二、阅读理解
A
26. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"In a school garden in Ningxia... students do the teaching. 可知选C项。
27. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据"For example, team members study what to grow. Then they discuss and plan their gardens. They plant seeds, pull grass and water their plants. "可知文中没有提及D项内容。故选D项。
28. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段的"Maths becomes a tool for planning the garden. "可知选C项。
29. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据"School gardening programmes offer learning... work together. "可知选B项。
30. 答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段的"For example, students study the plants... programmes help students do better in school. "可知,此处应说明学校的园艺项目与学校课堂的关系。故选A项。
B
31. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据"Last month, we asked 2,000 people between 20 and 24 years old about their exercise habits, and 88% of them are women. "可知调查中的大多数人都是年轻女性。
32. 答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据图表Ⅰ可知40%的人认为锻炼非常重要。
33. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据图表Ⅱ可知,26%的人每周锻炼3到5次,且共有2,000人接受调查,故选C项。
34. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据图表Ⅲ可知跳舞最受欢迎。
35. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据图表Ⅲ可知人们更喜欢跑步而不是步行。
四、七选五
答案：DGAEB
解析：36. 根据上文"What are you doing, Lily "可知,此处应回答对方自己正在干什么,选项D符合语境。
37. 根据下文"She is from Shanghai. "可知,选项G(你的笔友来自哪里 )符合语境。
38. 根据下文"First, I want to take her to visit the 200 in our city, because she likes animals very much. "可知,选项A(那你想和你的笔友做什么 )符合语境。
39. 根据上文"First, I want to take her to visit the zoo in our city, because she likes animals very much. "和下文"I want to go to the beach with her and have fun there. "可知,选项E(然后呢 )符合语境。
40. 根据上文"I want to go to the beach with her and have fun there. "和下文"I hope you will have a good time during the summer holiday. "可知,选项B(那听起来不错!)符合语境。
五、语法填空
41. 答案：caught
解析：由didn’t可知,句子时态为一般过去时,故填caught。
42. 答案：well/better
解析：句意为:如果你想学好英语/学英语学得更好,你需要多练习它。修饰动词learn需要用副词,此处既可用原级,也可用比较级,故填 well/better。
43. 答案：mice
解析：mouse为可数名词,some后加可数名词时要用复数;结合语境可知,此处mouse表示"老鼠",其复数形式为mice。
44. 答案：visitors
解析：visit参观，动词。根据Thousands of"成千上万的"可知，应该是"游客"，填名词visitor的复数visitors。故答案为:visitors。
45. 答案：himself
解析：根据句意,彼得认为帮助别人就是帮助自己。主语是Peter。故填:himself。
六、连词成句
46. 答案：Will you show her a picture of yourself
解析：根据所给标点符号可知，本句是疑问句。will放句首，构成一般疑问句，后跟主语you；show作谓语；her作间接宾语；a picture of yourself作直接宾语。故填Will you show her a picture of yourself"你会给她看你自己的照片吗"。
47. 答案：Did you see his name in the newspaper yesterday afternoon
解析：根据所给单词及标点可知，本句为一般疑问句，助动词"Did"开头，后接主语"you你"，再接动词原形"see看到"，his name"他的名字"；in the newspaper"在报纸上"；时间状语"yesterday afternoon"放在句末。故填Did you see his name in the newspaper yesterday afternoon"你昨天下午在报纸上看到他的名字了吗"。
48. 答案：What are all his family doing near the lake
解析：根据所给词和标点可知，此句是What引导的特殊疑问句，all his family作主语，are doing正在做，疑问句are提到主语前；near the lake地点状语后置。故填What are all his family doing near the lake"他一家人在湖边做什么"。
49. 答案：She bought the carrots at the vegetable stall in the market
解析：根据标点符号可知，此处是一个陈述句，主语是第三人称单数she；谓语是bought，是过去式；宾语是the carrots；而句子出现多个地点状语时，排列顺序应该是从小到大，所以此处应该是at the vegetable stall in the market，故填She bought the carrots at the vegetable stall in the market"她在市场的蔬菜摊上买了胡萝卜"。
50. 答案：She has many family members and relatives. / She has many relatives and family members.
解析：句意：她有很多家人和亲戚。she，人称代词主格，是句子的主语；has"有"，是谓语动词；relatives和family members是句中的宾语，两者是并列关系，前后顺序可颠倒。故答案为She has many family members and relatives. / She has many relatives and family members.
七、书面表达
答案：
My eating habits
Good eating habits are good for our bodies. I usually have bread, eggs and milk for breakfast. And I have rice and meat for lunch. I have noodles, vegetables and soup for dinner. I also eat some fruit after dinner.
My favourite food is the hamburger. My favourite drink is cola. But they are bad for my health. I seldom have them.
Healthy eating habits are important for us. So we'd better keep away from junk food. I think my eating habits are healthy. I still need to eat more fruit and vegetables to keep healthy.（1）名词（知识精炼）——中考英语一轮复习考点精炼与综测
考点讲解
考点一、名词分类
定义：名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词
1. 专用名词：
①表示人名、头衔或者尊称的专有名词：Mark Twain马克·吐温，Professor Li李教授等
②表示团体机构或会议的专有名词：The United Nations联合国，Group of Twenty二十国集团
③表示月份、星期、节日的专有名词：Saturday星期六，Spring Festival春节等
④表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词：China中国，Chinatown唐人街等
⑤由普通名词构成的专有名词：the Summer Palace颐和园等
【知识拓展】
书名、歌曲名、报刊名、杂志等也是专有名词。如：Harry Potter《哈利·波特》、Love Story《爱情故事》、China Daily《中国日报》。
注意：专有名词的每个单词首字母通常要大写。
2. 普通名词：普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
（1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：pen, student, desk, book, bike。
（2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, class, people, school。
（3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water, paper。
（4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time, news。
【知识拓展】
（1）个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。
（2）集体名词的分类：
本质上是复数形式的，例如：cattle（牛群），people（人们），police（警察）。
可以用单数或复数形式表示的，例如：audience（观众），class（班级），club（俱乐部），committee（委员会），company（公司），crew（船员），enemy（敌人），family（家庭），government（政府），group（组），team（队）。当这些词作为主语时，谓语动词的数取决于它们所指的具体含义。如果将它们视为一个整体，则谓语动词使用单数形式；如果指代的是成员个体，则谓语动词使用复数形式。
3. 复合名词：复合名词是指由两个或两个以上的词构成的意义相对稳定的名词。复合名词主要有以下几种构成形式：
名词+名词：bookshop书 newspaper报纸
名词+动词：haircut理发 sunrise日出
名词+v -ing：handwriting书法 horse riding骑马
v-ing+名词：reading room阅览室 washing machine洗衣机
动词+名词：bathroom浴室 postcard 明信片
形容词+名词：blackboard黑板 supermarket 超市
副词+动词：outlook观点 income 收入
考点二、名词的数
（一）可数名词
1. 名词复数的规则变化形式
词尾字母 变化方式 例词
通常情况 加-s bird-birds, shop-shops, lake-lakes
-ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z 加-es church-churches, dish-dishes, class-classes, box-boxes
辅音字母+y 变-y为-i再加-es factory-factories, fly-flies, family-families, baby-babies
-o 加-es tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes
-f或-fe 变-f或-fe为-v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, shelf-shelves, knife-knives, life-lives, half-halves
【注意】
（1）注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。
American → Americans 美国人 Australian → Australians 澳大利亚人
Canadian → Canadians 加拿大人 German → Germans 德国人
Greek → Greeks 希腊人 Indian → Indians 印度人
Russian → Russians俄罗斯人
（2）有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。
math数学，news新闻，physics物理，politics政治，the United Nations 联合国，the United States美国
【速记口诀】
口诀1："小偷的妻子切面包，半片树叶当作刀，狼保己命藏于后"。
当这些名词变为复数时，将f或fe改为-ve，并加上-s。以f或fe结尾的名词，若要变为复数，需将f或fe变为v，再添加-es。
这类名词包括：calf（小牛，牛犊），half（一半），knife（小刀），leaf（叶子），life（生活，生命），loaf（长面包），self（自己），shelf（架子），thief（小偷），wife（妻子），wolf（狼）。
口诀2："黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿"。
这些名词词尾加-es, 其它以o结尾的名词复数加-s。
以o结尾的名词，需加-es的名词有：negro（黑人），hero（英雄），tomato（西红柿），potato（土豆）。
2. 名词复数的不规则变化形式
变化 示例
单复数同形 deer；fish；sheep；means；series；aircraft；spacecraft；species
Chinese；the United States；Swiss；physics；politics；maths
变内部元音 goose→geeset；ooth→teeth；foot→feet；man→men；woman→women；mouse→mice
-on变-a phenomenon→phenomena现象；criterion→criteria标准
词尾加-(r)en child→children孩子；ox→oxen公牛
词尾-um变成-a datum→data数据；medium→media媒体
【易混易错】
（1）名词作定语，一般用单数，如：two girl students; 需要用复数作定语的有：goods trains货车；sports meet运动会；customs officer海关人员；a salesgirl一个售货员；
（2）名词前有man/woman修饰，名词变复数时，man/woman和名词都要变为复数形式。
（3）man/woman构成的合成词，复数形式将a变为e。但German复数形式是Germans。
（4）fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes，而fish表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为fish。如：different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish五条鱼
（5）works意为＂工厂＂时，单复数同形，而work意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是works。如：a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂
a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品
（二）不可数名词
一般情况下，专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义，从而也表现出可数与不可数性。
分类 说明
不可数名词的数 不可数名词没有复数形式，一般不能用a或an修饰。可在名词前加表示数量的词如piece, glass等。通常只用作不可数的名词有：beer, air, homework, weather, news, butter, milk, information, bread, advice, progress, orange (橙汁), equipment, meat, fun, luggage, luck, work (工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word (消息), room (空间), man (人类)等。
抽象名词具体化 表示具体的一个人或特定的某一件事东西时，可以将抽象名词可作为可数名词，可以与a/an连用，常见的这类词有： success成功—成功的人或事；pleasure乐趣—令人高兴的事； surprise吃惊—令人惊讶的人或事；beauty美—美丽的人或事； comfort安慰—令人感到安慰的人或事物；danger危险—危险的人或因素； delight高兴—令人高兴的事；failure 失败—失败的人或事物； shock震惊—令人震惊的事情；honour荣誉—一个(件)带来荣誉的人(事)
物质名词具体化 rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, drink, ice, sugar, ice等物质名词可以具体化为可数名词，用复数形式表示类别、数量、范围或程度。如：two drinks两杯饮料； two ices两份冰淇淋； sands沙滩；snows多场雪
具体名词抽象化 school, college, hospital, court, prison, table, church等是可数名词，有具体的意义，当表示与之相关的活动时，表示抽象意义。如：go to school上学；at table在吃饭；in prison坐监狱；go to church去做礼拜
【易混易错】
fish指鱼的种类时，加-es；指鱼的条数时，单复数相同；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。
（三）名词与限定词的关系
限定词 需要名词形式
a (few), several, many, a great many, the/a number of, hundreds of, dozens / scores of / different / other 可数名词
a (little), a great of, a large amount of, much 不可数名词
a lot of, lots of, enough, masses of, plenty of, a quantity of, quantities of, a supply of, some 可数/不可数名词
socks, trousers, stockings, compasses, glasses, jeans, shorts, pants, pincers, scissors, clothes, gloves, scales等成双成对的名词一般不用具体数词修饰，但可以用a pair of, two pairs of gloves. 成双成对的名词
【易混易错】
物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数形式，如：a cup of tea; three pieces of bread; two pieces of paper等。
（四）单复数意义不同的词
good好的→goods货物 water→waters水域
fish鱼肉→fishes（各种）鱼 possession拥有→possessions (财产)
work工作→works (作品，著作) glass玻璃→glasses眼镜
paper纸→papers报纸，论文 content内容→contents目录
custom习俗→customs关税 wood木材→woods树林
arm胳膊→arms武器 time时间→times时代
green绿色→greens青菜
考点三、名词所有格
名词所有格表示所有关系，修饰另一名词，作定语。它有三种形式： ’s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。
1. 名词词尾加's构成所有格
单词形式 构成方式 举例
普通单数名词 在词尾加's Henry's cat 亨利的猫
词尾已有-s的复数名词 在词尾只加一个' the two girls' mother 那两个女孩的母亲
词尾不带-s的复数名词 在词尾加's Children's day 儿童节
复合名词 在最后一个词的词尾加's her mother-in-law's letter 她岳母的信
表示几个词共同的所有关系 在最后一个词的词尾加's Mary and Tom's books 玛丽和汤姆共有的书
表示几个词各自的所有关系 在每个词的词尾都加's Mary's and Tom's books 玛丽和汤姆各自的书
【注意】
名词词尾加's构成常用于表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格，但也可以构成某些表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格。
表时间 a week's time 一周的时间
表距离 ten miles' distance 十英里的距离
表度量衡及价值 five dollars' worth of meat 价值五美元的肉
表国家、城市等实体 China's future 中国的未来
表群体 the committee's decision 委员会的决定
表自然现象 the earth's gravity 地球的引力
表拟人 a wolf in sheep's clothing 披着羊皮的狼
某些固定说法 at death's door 濒于死亡; in one's mind's eye 据想象
2. of所有格
用法 举例
用于无生命的东西 the name of the song歌名
用于名词化的词 the livelihood of the poor穷人的生计
表动宾关系 the occupation of the city 占领城市
表同位关系 the City of New York 纽约市
【注意】
（1）当表示有生命的东西的名词本身带有短语或从句作定语时，则不用's 属格，要用of属格。
What is the name of the girl sitting near the door
坐在门附近的那个女孩叫什么名字？(名词girl后有现在分词短语作定语)
We have the support of the people of the whole world．
我们得到了全世界人民的支持。(名词people后有of短语作定语)
（2）of属格适用于某些名词化的表示人的形容词。
the livelihood of the poor 穷人的生计
the struggle of the oppressed 被压迫人民的斗争
3. 双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为："名词＋of＋名词 's"或"名词＋of＋名词性物主代词"，主要用法如下：
用法 举例
表示"其中之一"或"其中一部分"，可用a，any, some, a few, two等修饰of短语前面的名词，但不能用the another house of John's 约翰的另一所房子
被双重所有格修饰的名词前有this, that, these, those等指示代词修饰时，通常带有一定的感彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等 That dog of Tom's is really clever. 汤姆的那只狗真聪明。
【易混易错】
（1）名词所有格作定语主要表示事物间的关系（如所属关系、主谓关系、动宾关系等）；
（2）名词作定语主要表示被修饰名词的特征、性别、用途、功能、内容等。
（3）’s所有格my mother’s friend强调我母亲和这个朋友的关系，不涉及其他人。
（4）双重所有格a friend of my mother’s指我母亲还有其他朋友。如：a picture of Jack’s指杰克所拥有的照片中的一张；而a picture of Jack指一张杰克的照片，照片上的人就是杰克。
考点四、名词易混淆辨析
Group 1
family指的是家庭或家庭成员，与居住地无关。
home指某人出生以及成长的环境或与某人一起居住的地方。
house强调人们居住的建筑物本身。
address指人们生活、工作地点的市镇、街区、门牌号和电话、传真号等，即通讯地址。
Group 2
noise通常指不悦耳的、令人烦恼的嘈杂声，隐含贬义。
voice指人说话或唱歌时发出的声音。可引申为人的呼声或意见。
sound普通用词，含义笼统，指人们能听到的各种声音，无褒贬色彩。
Group 3
message指通过书写、谈话和信号等方式所进行的通讯"信息"。
news特指报纸、电台或电视等传播媒体所发布的信息。
information指通过各种途径如观察、阅读或与人交往所获得的任何信息，但不一定都准确。
Group 4
job是可数名词，指一件必须做的工作，或有报酬的工作，也可指职业，多用于口语中。
work是不可数名词，指工作、劳动、职业、操作、运转等，这个词是一般用语，可用于各种场合。
Group 5
advice普通用词，侧重依据个人经验、学识和正确判断而提出的忠言，是不可数名词。
suggestion普通用词，语气比advice婉转客气。着重为改进工作、解决困难等提出的建议，有时含所提建议不一定正确，仅供参考的意味。是可数名词，除了表示建议外，还有"暗示，表明"的。
Group 6
cause指直接导致事情发生的原因，与所发生的事有因果关系，常用the cause of搭配。
reason强调指从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因，不是直接说明起因，常用the reason for搭配。
excuse指为自己辩解，希望得到谅解时所提出的种种理由，是借口性的理由。
Group 7
situation指物体在其周围环境中所处的位置或状态，侧重地点或场所的环境特征，也可指明确具体的环境情况或处境。
scene常指真实事件或虚构故事发生的地点。
condition一般强调产生影响的原因或环境，复数形式指笼统的情况。
position多指物体相对于其他物体所处的位置或状态。还可以指社会地位较高，工作较为庄重，领取工资的职位。
Group 8
note指内容直截了当的短信或便条，正式或非正式均可。
notice指用以宣传某事的发生或传达某种指示的通知。
Group 9
sign普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于他事物的特征。
signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
Group 10
strength指内部固有的力量，表示物质力量时，着重体格或构造健全、完善等方面的力量，如体力强度等；表示精神力量时，指持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等。
power的基本意思是"力，力量"，可指人的体力、思维能力，也可指机器的功力、动力或功率，还可指人或国家甚至是某个机构的权力、势力或影响力。
energy的基本意思是"活力""干劲""能力"，多用作不可数名词，在指人的"精力"时多用复数形式。引申可表示"能""能量""能源"。
force用作名词的基本意思是"力；力量；力气"，引申可表示"控制力""影响力；效力""说服力"等。也可表示"武力，暴力"，为不可数名词。还可作"部队；武力；兵力"解，这时常用复数形式forces作主语时，其谓语动词则既可用复数形式也可用单数形式。
考点五、名词构词法
1. 形容词转化为名词后缀
后缀 举例
-age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
-cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
-dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧
-ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据
-ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意
-th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情
-y/-ty/-ity difficult→difficulty困难 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实
2. 动词转化为名词后缀
后缀 举例
-ion/ -tion/ -sion/ attract→attraction吸引力 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
-er/ -or sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员
-ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 astonish→astonishment惊奇 develop→development发展
-ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
-ure/ -ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
-ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
--y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
解题方法
题型：语法填空
解答此类名词填空试题时，考生应首先根据句意与语境锁定所选词，具体要填哪种形式需要根据所填词是否可数、空前和空后的的修饰词、句中的谓语动词及联系上下文语境等来确定。
方法1：填原形
填原形的情况下所填词按其性质可能为可数名词单数或不可数名词。若符合语境的词本身为不可数名词，则不考虑变形直接填原形即可。
判定所给/选名词填单数的方法：
1. a/ an/ this/ that/ every/ each/ another/ either/ one/序数词/ any other+可数名词单数；
2. 可数名词单数(主语) +be动词单数形式/实义动词的单三形式；
3. 结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词，如：it，its；
4. 专有名词或固定搭配中，如：the Great Wall，next door等。
方法2：变复数
1. these/those/ 普通不定代词( many/ some several/few/a few /both/ all/other等)/大于1的基数词/one of( +the+形容词最高级)/quite a few/a pair of/a couple of/a ( great/large ) number of/different kinds of/all kinds of/ many of/ some of+可数名词复数；
2. both/ either/ neither/ all/none of+可数名词复数；
3. 可数名词复数(主语) +be动词复数形式/动词原形；
4. 结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词，如：they, them, their
5. 通常用复数或只有复数形式的名词：chopsticks筷子，clothes 衣服，glasses 眼镜、scissors剪刀，socks 袜子，trousers裤子；
6. 大于1的基数词+men/women+可数名词复数，如：two women teachers；
7. 个别集合名词形式为单数，但意义可表达复数概念，如：people，police, family等。
方法3：变所有格
1. 与空格后名词是一种所属关系。如：a boy's voice，Jimmy's grandmother
2. 表示时间距离国家等无生命的词，且空格后是名词。如：Chin's development
3. 固定搭配或专有名词中，如：with the boy's help，Children's Day
方法4：变形容词
1. 位于名词前作定语；
2. 位于be动词后作表语；
3. 位于形容词短语中，其结构为：be动词+形容词+介词；
4. 位于感官动词look / sound / smell / taste / feel和其他连系动词seem / become / grow / get /turn / keep / remain之后；
5. 位于复合不定代词后作后置定语；
6. 位于定冠词the后表示一类人；
7. 位于固定句型It is+adj. ( +for/of sb. )+to do sth. 和make/keep/ leave+ sb. /sth. +adj. 中；
8. 位于"形容词+and/ or+形容词"结构中。

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