资源简介 选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of AchievementPart 1 Word and Expressions1、vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的①be vital to/for 对···至关重要 ②It is vital to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的③It is vital that··· ···是至关重要的(that从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”)2、commit vt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等) vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的commitment n.承诺;交托;信奉①commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth. 承诺/保证做某事 ②be committed to 致力于;委身于③make a commitment 做出承诺 ④commit a crime 犯罪3、academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校academic adj.学业的;学术的4、objective n.目标;目的 adj.客观的——反义词:subjective adj.主观的object n.物体;对象;客体 v.反对5、botany n.植物学botanical adj.植物学的6、evaluate vt.评估,评价=assess=rate(比率)evaluation n. 评估,估算①evaluate one's ability 评估某人的能力 ②evaluate sb. on/by 根据···评价某人③make an evaluation of··· 对···进行评估7、distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的distinction n.差别;区分;卓著【拓展】与···不同 be different/distinct from=differ from8、obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行①obtain …from/out of/ through… 从……中得到……②obtain knowledge/one’s degree 获得知识/学位③obtain sb. sth.=obtain sth. for sb. 给某人带来某物④obtain sth.by doing sth. 通过做某事获得某物9、acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢acknowledgement n.承认①acknowledge doing/having done sth. 承认做了某事②acknowledge …as/ to be… 认为……是……③It is widely/ generally acknowledged that 普遍认为……10、defeat n.失败;挫败 vt.击败;战胜①a narrow defeat 惜败 ②suffer a defeat 遭遇失败 ③be defeated by 被……打败11、apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然①It is apparent/ obvious that… ……是显而易见的②As is apparently shown/started in the picture/chart/passage above 正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样12、science n.科学scientist n.科学家scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的13、conclude vt.推断出;得出结论;使结束 vi.结束;终止conclusion n.结论;推论;结束①conclude... from... 从...中推断出... ②in conclusion 总之14、circumstance n.[usually pl.]条件;环境;状况①in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此②under any circumstances 在任何情况下;无论如何③in/under no circumstances 决不;无论如何都不15、consequence n.结果,后果consequent adj.随之发生的;由……引起的consequently adv.所以;因而①in consequence/as a consequence=as a result因此;结果②in consequence of/as a consequence of=as a result of由于……原因16、remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的remark v.谈起;述说;议论;评论 n.评论;言语①be remarkable for以……著称 ②make no remark不加评论;什么也不说③make a remark/remarks on/about...就……发表意见;评论……④remark on/upon就……发表意见;评论 ⑤remark that...评论……17、sum vi.总结;概括 n.金额;款项;总数;总和summarize v. 总结;概况summary n. 总结①do/work/make sums/a sum计算;做算术题②in sum=to sum up大体上;一言以蔽之;总之③sum up总结;概括;是……的总和;合计18、insist on 坚决要求insist on upon (doing)sth. 坚决要求(做某事)19、wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗20、flow chart 流程图21、come to power (开始) 掌权;上台【拓展】有关power的词组①beyond/out of one' s power 力所不能及的 ②be in power 执政 ③take power 掌权④do all/everything in one' s power to do sth.竭尽所能做某事22、take up a position 担任;任职【拓展】有关take的词组①take up拿起;接受;开始;继续;占据(时间或空间) ②take away解除;消除③take down拿下;取下;记下 ④take in理解;欺骗;接纳⑤take off脱去;起飞;突然受欢迎 ⑥take on呈现;开始雇用Part2 Grammar定语从句非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解,它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。一、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:关系代词which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词when,where等关系词在句中所作成分:关系代词:主语、宾语、表语、定语关系副词:状语二、as的用法as也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。(1)as引导限制性定语从句时,主要用在固定搭配such...as,the same...as中。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时,指代主句的内容,在从句中作主语或宾语,常译为“正如”。(3)as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。(4)as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构,如:as is known to us众所周知 as is reported正如所提及的那样 as we all know众所周知 as has been said before正如之前所说三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项(1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中,用who,whom指代人,用which指代物。(2)当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。(3)非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。(4)非限制性定语从句表原因时,不用why引导,而用for which代替why。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别(1)形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。(2)作用不同限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词,与先行词关系密切,若缺少,句意则不完整。非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词,也可以修饰整个句子,对先行词仅起补充说明作用,若缺少,句意仍相对完整。(3)翻译不同限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句,后译先行词,即把从句放在先行词前,译为“……的+先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句,后译从句,形成两个分句。(4)关系词不同关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时可以省略;在非限制性定语从句中,所有关系词都不可省略。五、特殊结构“名词/代词+of+which/whom”六、关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择关键是判断句子结构:非限制性定语从句一选关系代词 并列句一选人称代词或指示代词Part3 Writing课文重点句1、Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,仅在非洲一年就可以挽救10万人的生命。2、They then tried boiling fresh wormwood,and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,but this did not work either.然后,他们尝试煮沸新鲜的青蒿,并使用从青蒿中获得的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不起作用。3、Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要在自己身上测试这种药,以确保它的安全性。4、Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.(含有非限制性定语从句的复合句)后来,用这种药物在疟疾患者身上做试验,大部分患者都康复了。5、Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize,she said,“The honour is not just mine.”(upon+劢词-ing形式)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说,“荣誉不只是属于我自己的。”6、It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.(It strikes sb that...)他感到惊讶的是,照片中的其他中国男人显然不在乎同胞们发生了什么。7、I’d like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems to work best for my cough.(复合句)我想再试一次那种中草药,它似乎对我的咳嗽最有效。8、He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.(独立主格结构)他为世界做出了许多贡献,最著名的是广义相对论和著名的E=mc2公式。9、On 18 April 1955,it was reported that Einstein had passed away,and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(并列句)据报道,1955年4月18日,爱因斯坦逝丐,全世界哀悼这位杰出科学家的逝世。读后续写素材积累(1)情感描写——开心Her eyes twinkled with merriment.她高兴得双眸闪闪发亮。Mack went into raptures and burst into laughter.麦克欣喜若狂,大笑起来。A ripple of laughter went through the crowd.人群中传来一阵笑声Lily's laughter lingered in the room for a long time.丽丽的笑声萦绕在房间里久久不能散去。Her hands were trembling with excitement as she opened the letter.当她打开信时,她的手激动得发抖。After hearing this satisfactory outcome,Steve felt a sense of joy and happiness surging through him.在听到这个令人满意的结果后,史蒂夫感到一种喜悦和幸福的感觉涌上心头。Overwhelmed with gaiety,he jumped up and ran excitedly around the tree.他欣喜若狂,跳起来并绕着那棵大树跑了几圈。In his excitement he couldn't remember her name.他兴奋得甚至把他自己的名字都给忘了。Rose felt blissful as if she was in possession of everything.罗丝感到很幸福,好像她拥有了全世界一样。She was carried away by pleasure.她被快乐冲昏了头脑。I nodded,with a big smile spreading across my cheek.我点点头,脸上露出灿烂的笑容。She couldn't conceal the excitement and rushed home to tell her mother the good news.她掩饰不住兴奋,急忙回家告诉母亲这个好消息。She is always ready to help others in need and always wears shining smile on her face,so many classmates are willing to make friends with her.她总是乐于助人并且脸上总是挂着灿烂的笑容,因此很多同学都愿意和她交朋友。I'm over the moon.我太开心了It is easy to infer that he is in rapture through his big smile.从他那灿烂的笑容很容易推断出他是兴高采烈的。He woke up that morning with a feeling of excitement.他一起床就感到很兴奋。Her excitement grew as the day of the wedding came nearer.随着结婚的日子越来越近,她越来越兴奋。I am overflowing with happiness.我洋溢着幸福。Every time we mentioned the funny incidents of the journey a pleasant smile would spread over Mom's face.每次我们提到旅途中的趣事,妈妈的脸上就会浮现出愉快的笑容A sudden wave of joy swept over her.一阵喜悦突然涌上她的心头。She gazed up at him,glowing with happiness.她抬头看着他,脸上洋溢着幸福的光芒。The children were filled with excitement at the thought of visiting Disneyland.孩子们一想到要去迪斯尼乐园就兴奋不已。My heart is as sweet as honey.我的心甜的像蜜一样。Pleasure welled up inside her heart.她心中涌起喜悦。Amusement gleamed in his eyes.他眼中流露出愉快的神情.Mother's eyes flash across the surprise,open smile ripples.母亲的眼里闪过惊喜,笑容荡漾开。She come up to me,with a smile shining like a diamond.她带着灿烂的笑容走到我面前。Unit 2 Looking into the FuturePart 1 Word and Expressions1、persuade vt.劝说;说服persuasion n.劝说,说服(力);信仰persuasive adj.有说服力的;劝诱的;动听①persuade sb. to do/into doing sth. 成功说服某人做某事②persuade sb.not to do/out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事③persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 ④persuade that...使某人相信……2、switch vt.转换;交换 vi.使改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变①a switch in在……方面的转变 ②make a switch做出改变③switch...from...to...(把……)由……转变为④switch on/off打开/关上(电器等) ⑤switch over to转变;换频道【辨析】“开”“关”①开/关(门、窗、盒子等)open/close the door/window/box②开/关(收音机、电灯,电视等)switch on/off the radio/light/TV③开/关(收音机、电灯、水、煤气等)turn on/off the radio/light/water/gas3、distant adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的distance n.距离①be distant from距离远;不相似 ②in the distance/into the distance在远处③from a distance从远处④keep sb.at a distance对……冷淡;同……疏远;与……保持一定距离4、remote adj.遥远的,偏僻的remotely adv.遥远地;偏僻地;冷淡地,极小地remoteness n.远离,遥远remote control遥控;遥控器5、efficient adj.效率高的;有功效的efficiently adv.效率高地;有效地6、routine n.常规;正常顺序 adj.常规的;日常的routinely adv.常规地,例行地daily routine 日常生活7、preference n.喜爱,偏爱;偏爱的事物prefer vt.更喜欢,宁愿①in preference to优先于…… ②have a preference for sth.偏爱某物③give preference to给……以优惠 ④prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事⑤prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做B8、instant n.瞬间;片刻 adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的①in an instant(=immediately)立刻②the instant(that)(=as soon as)一……就……9、secure adj.空全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的 vt.获得;拴牢;保护security n.保护措施;安全工作;保卫部门10、integrate v.使合并;成为一体integrated adj.各部分密切协调的;综合的integration n.结合;整合;一体化;融合①integrate into/with和……合成一体 ②integrate sb.into/with sth.把某人融入③integrate A and B=integrate A into/with B把A和B整合起来;把A和B合成一体11、command n.指令;命令;控制 vt.命令;控制commander n.指挥官①at one's command听某人吩咐 ②have a good command of精通③in command(of sb.)指挥;控制 ④take command of控制某事⑤under one's command在某人的指挥下 ⑥command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事12、obey v.服从,顺从obedience n.顺从obedient adj.顺从的disobey v.不服从disobedience n.不服从disobedient adj.不服从的13、potential n.潜在性;可能性;潜能 adj.可能的;潜在的potentially adv.潜在地14、relevant adj.相关的,切题的relevance n.关联,贴切,中肯relevantly adv.有关地;切题地irrelevant adj.无关的;不切题的①be relevant to与……有关 ②be related to与……有关③be concerned with与……有关 ④be involved in与……有关⑤be associated with与……有关 ⑥be irrelevant to sth./sb.与某物/人不相关15、combine v.使联合;使结合combination n.结合;联合;混合①combine A with B(=combine A and B together)把A与B结合②in combination with... 与...结合【辨析】combine/connect/joincombine“结合;联合”,指为了一个目的而把两个以上的事物联系在一起。connect事物(东西)不紧密地连接,也可用于抽象的联系(如姻亲关系),后接with/to。join指直接连接两物或两地,也可指两物紧密地连接,后接to,不接with。16、predict vt.预言,预测;预料prediction n.预言;预测;预示predictable adj.可预言的;可预测的;可预示的predictor n.测位器;预言家17、occupation n.职业;占领occupy vt.占据;占有;占领occupied adj.使用中;忙碌的①occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于②be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于;全神贯注于;从事18、oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠opposite adj.对面的,另一边的;相反的,对立的opposed adj.反对的,对立的opposition n.反对①oppose sth./doing sth./sb.'s doing sth.反对某人做某事强调动作②oppose sth.to/against sth.使……与……对立/对抗 ③be opposed to sth.反对某事【归纳】反对(做某事):be opposed to (doing) sth. oppose (doing) sth. object to (doing) sth.be against (doing) sth.19、cease v.使停止;终止cessation n.停止;终止;中断;暂停①cease to do sth.停下来去做 ②cease(doing)sth.停止(做)某事20、absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席——反义词:presence n.出席;到场absent adj.缺席的;不在的——反义词:present adj.出席的;到场的absently adv.心不在焉地①absence from classes缺课 ②in one's absence在某人不在的时候③absence of mind心不在焉 ④in the absence of...不在时⑤be absent from缺席;缺少;不存在21、advocate vt.提倡;支持;拥护 n.提倡者,支持者;拥护者①advocate(doing)sth.提倡(做)某事 ②an advocate for/of……的支持者/拥护者③advocate+that-clause提倡/主张……(从句谓语用should do,should可省略)22、resist v.抵制;反抗;抵挡resistant adj.抵抗的;有抵抗力的resistance n.抗拒;反对①be hard/impossible to resist难以拒绝 ②resist sb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物③can't/couldn't resist doing sth.禁不住干某事 ④resist doing sth.抑制干某事⑤be resistant to对……有抵抗力【辨析】can't resist doing sth./can't help doing sth./can't help do sth.can't resist doing...无法抗拒……的诱惑,忍不住干……can't help doing情不自禁地做……can't help do sth.不能帮忙做……23、early on 在初期;早先24、catch fire着火25、in this sense从这种意义上来讲【拓展】有关sense的词组①in a sense(=in one way)从某种意义上说 ②in no sense绝不(放在句首,句子用部分倒装)③make sense有道理;有意义;讲得通 ④make sense of sth.理解;弄懂(不易理解的事物)⑤make no sense无意义;讲不通;无道理 ⑥There's no sense in doing sth.做某事无意义26、keep in touch(with...)(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)【拓展】有关touch的词组①get in touch (with)(与…)取得联系[不与一段时间连用]②lose touch (with)(与…)失去联系[不与一段时间连用]③stay/be in touch (with)(与...)保持联系 ④be out of touch(with)(与...)失去联系27、cut down削减;删节;砍倒【拓展】有关cut的词组①cut away切下;砍掉 ②cut off中止;切断 ③cut across走捷径 ④cut out删除;遮挡⑤cut back削减;缩减 ⑥cut short缩短;打断 ⑦cut in超车;插嘴 ⑧cut up切碎;抨击Part2 Grammar将来进行时一、定义将来进行时表示最近或较远的将来正在进行的动作或说话人已经计划或安排好的事情。二、构成1、肯定句:主语+shall/will+be+现在分词...2、否定句:主语+shall/will+not+be+现在分词...3、疑问句:Shall/Will+主语+be+现在分词... 4、疑问代词/疑问副词+shall/will+主语+be+现在分词... shall用于第一人称,will用于第一、二、三人称。三、将来进行时的主要用法1、将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。2、将来进行时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。3、将来进行时表示委婉语气。四、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别1、一般将来时是指将来某个时间将要发生的动作和状态,基本结构是:主语+will+do.2、两者均可表示将来,但用将来进行时语气更委婉3、有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思,而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况Part3 Writing课文重点句1、Nevertheless,it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.然而,大多数新的家庭需要几年才能开始使用这项新技术。2、However,in the not-too-distant future,we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.然而,在不太遥远的未来,我们将生活在智能家居里,它能在我们离开时锁门,在我们忘了关掉电视的时候记得关掉它。3、These smart homes will keep us secure,save us energy,and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.(动词不定式短语作定语)这些智能家居将保护我们的安全,节省能源,并提供一个更舒适的生活环境。4、Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.(find + 宾语 + 宾补)你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放),而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。5、This morning,I saw the shocking headline:“Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”.今天早上,我看到了令人震惊的头条新闻。"无人驾驶汽车撞死了乘客"。6、On the one hand,there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.一方面,世界各地有许多不同的群体在没有新技术的情况下快乐地生活。7、They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work,family,and community.他们提倡简单的生活,强调努力工作、家庭和社区。8、On the other hand,new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years.另一方面,这些年来,新技术给各地的人们带来了很多好处。9、Moreover,the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.(make +it+ adj. +( for sb./sth.) to do sth.)此外,互联网使朋友和家人能够很容易地保持联系,即使他们在世界的另一边。10、Nevertheless,I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.尽管如此,我将永远看到变革积极的一面,接受而不是抵制它。读后续写素材积累(2)情感描写——悲伤There were tears in her eyes,but her voice was steady.她眼里含着泪水,但声音依然很稳定。I was seized with sadness.我伤心欲绝。A flash of grief came upon me.一阵悲伤袭身而来。His lip started to tremble and then he started to cry.他的嘴唇开始颤抖,然后哭了起来。He sigh with despair at the thought of all the opportunities he had missed.一想到他错过的所有机会,他绝望地叹了口气。Tears rolled down her cheeks.泪水从他的脸颊滑落。Charles was overcome with grief.查尔斯悲痛欲绝。He looked mournful,even near to tears.他看起来很悲伤,几乎要流泪了。There was a lump in my throat and I didn't speak because I knew I would cry.我哽咽了,没有说话,因为我知道我会哭的。It's no good turning on the water works.You can't stay home from school.你哭也没用,因为你不能逃学.I left quickly,not wanting to break down in front of the children.我赶快离开了,因为我不想在孩子们面前大哭。The heavy blow almost made her cry.这沉重的打击几乎要把她弄哭了。Cecil came round later,crying his eyes out,asking me to forgive him.塞西尔后来来了,哭得很伤心,请求我原谅他。Joe's eyes were watering from the smoke that filled the room.乔的眼睛正被满屋的烟雾熏得淌眼泪。His face was cast a cloud of gloom after hearing this news.听到这个消息后,他的脸上蒙上了一层阴云。He nagged and complained,and reduced Louise to tears.他唠唠叨叨,不停地抱怨,使路易斯不禁流泪。Her hands were shaking.She was on the verge of tears but Paul didn't realize that.她的手在颤抖,她都快要哭出来了,但保罗一点也没有意识到这一切。The old song always brought tears to my eyes.那首老歌总是让我伤感得流泪。Bill fought back tears and tried to comfort Sarah's mother.比尔抑制住泪水,并试图安慰桑拉的母亲。He stood silently,tears rolling down his cheeks.她静静地站着,泪水顺着脸颊淌下来。Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes,and begged me to help her.简眼里含着泪水打转,恳求我帮帮他。Most of us were in tears by the time he'd finished his story.他讲完故事时,我们大多数人都已经泪流满面。I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness.我感觉自己漂浮在悲伤的海洋里。Bob sat there with melancholy look on his face.鲍勃坐在那儿,带着一脸忧郁。Carol is a bit down in the dumps because she failed her final exam.卡罗尔很难受,因为她期末考不及格。He got a face like a wet weekend.他的脸像下了一周的雨,愁云惨雾的Feeling down/upset/sad/blue,please just leave me alone.情绪低落/沮丧/悲伤/忧郁,让我静静。These days she is in a bad mood. 这些天她心情不好。Unit 3 Fascinating ParksPart 1 Word and Expressions1、buffet vt.连续猛击;打来打去 n.自助餐①buffet sb./sth.连续猛击某人/物②buffet one's way打开一条路(尤指在困难条件下);(船)乘风破浪2、edge n.边;边缘;边线;刀刃 vt.&vi.(使)徐徐移动;给...加边①edge towards...朝……缓慢移动 ②edge along...沿……缓慢移动③on edge竖着;直立着;紧张不安的 ④at the edge of在……边缘处3、ban vt.明令禁止;取缔 n.禁令①ban(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事 ②ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事③a ban on/against sth.对某事的禁令 ④place/put...under a ban禁止……【拓展】“禁止,阻止”ban/prohibit/forbid/stop/keep/prevent+sb.+from doing sth. forbid+sb.+to do sth.4、visible adj.看得见的;可见的——反义词:invisible adj.看不见的;不可见的be visible to...……能看见5、accompany vt.陪同,陪伴;与...同时发生,伴随;(尤指用钢琴)为…伴奏company n.陪伴;公司accompanying adj.陪伴的;伴随的①accompany sb.at/on sth.(尤指用钢琴)为某人伴奏②be accompanied by由某人陪同;由……伴奏③accompany sb.=keep pany陪伴某人 ④accompany sb.to someplace陪同某人到某地6、adopt vt.采用;采取;采纳 vt.&vi.领养adopted adj.被收养的;被采用的adoptable adj.可采用的,可收养的adoption n.采用;收养adopt...as...选……作为……;收养……为……7、bless vt.祝福blessing n.祝福;赐福;恩赐be blessed with... 有幸得到…8、prohibit vt.禁止;阻止prohibition n.禁令;禁律①prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事 ②prohibition on/against......的禁令③prohibit sb./sth.from doing sth.禁止某人/某物做某事9、stretch vi.延伸;延续 vi.&vt.伸展;舒展①stretch for延伸 ②stretch oneself伸懒腰 ③stretch over延续④stretch out延伸;绵延;伸直(四肢) ⑤stretch to拉长到10、rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的reward n.奖励,回报,报酬;悬赏金 vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬①in reward(for)作为(对...的)回报 ②reward sb.with sth.用某物奖励某人③a reward for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而获得的奖励④give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.为某事而给某人奖励⑤reward sb.for(doing)sth.因为(做)某事而奖励某人11、ahead adv.向前;在前面;提前①ahead of在...前面;领先于 ②ahead of time提前③ahead of one’s time领先于某人/某物的时代 ④go ahead继续;说吧,用吧;拿吧⑤go straight ahead一直彽前走 ⑥look/think/plan ahead展望/考虑/计划未来12、incredible adj.极好的;极大的;难以置信的credible adj.可信的incredible adv.难以置信地13、appeal vi.有吸引力;呼吁;恳求;上诉 n.吸引力;呼吁;上诉;请求appealing adj.有吸引力的;恳求的①appeal to有吸引力;有感染力;恳求;上诉;呼吁 ②appeal for sth.呼吁某事③appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.呼吁某人做某事④make an appeal to sb.for sth.向某人呼吁某事⑤make an appeal to sb.to do sth.向某人呼吁做某事14、wander n.游荡;闲逛;流浪 vt.&vi.闲逛;漫游 vi.走失;离散;走神①wander around在…前后转来转去 ②wander back to回想到③wander from从...离开 ④wander off迷失;离开正途或正确的方向15、amusement n.娱乐(活动);愉悦amuse vt.(提供)消遣;(使)娱乐amused adj.逗乐的;觉得好笑的amusing adj.有趣的;逗乐的①to one’s amusement令某人感到好笑的是 ②be amused at/by对...感到好笑③amuse oneself(by doing sth)(通过做某事)自娱自乐④be amused to do sth.做某事而感到好笑16、enormous adj.极大的;巨大的enormously adv.极大地17、fashion n.时尚;时兴;流行款式fashionable adj.流行的;时髦的;时尚的①be in fashion/come into fashion流行 ②go/be out of fashion过时18、rare adj.稀少的;珍贵的;(肉)半熟的rarely adv.不经常;很少It is rare for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很罕见19、superb adj.极佳的;卓越的superbly adv.极佳地20、display n.展览;陈列;展览品 vt.显示;陈列①on display在展览中(=on show) ②place/put sth.on display把...进行展览③a window display橱窗陈列 ④a firework display焰火表演21、appetite n.食欲;胃口;强烈欲望①have a good appetite有一个好食欲 ②have a...appetite for对...有强烈的欲望③work up an appetite增强食欲 ④spoil/ruin one’s appetite坏了胃口;影响食欲21、entertainment n.娱乐;招待;娱乐活劢;文娱节目entertain vt.使快乐;给...娱乐;款待;招待;请客entertainer n.款待者;表演者;艺人entertaining adj.使人愉快的;有趣的①entertainment business娱乐界 ②provide the entertainment提供娱乐③the entertainment of friends招待朋友 ④entertain sb.with sth.用...娱乐某人22、leave behind留下;遗留;丢下;把……抛在后面;超过【拓展】有关leave的词组①leave alone不管;别惹;让...一个人待着 ②leave aside搁置一旁;不考虑③leave for动身去 ④leave off停止;中断 ⑤leave out省略;遗漏;被冷落23、apart from除...之外(都);除...之外(还)【辨析】apart from/aside from/except for/besides/in addition to/as well as/but(1)apart from=aside from=except for除……之外,先说整体如何,再修正局部。(2)apart from=aside from=besides=in addition to/as well as,指的是包括在内的除外。(3)except/but指不包括在内的除外。24、feed on 以...为食; 以...为能源【拓展】有关feed的词组①feed back反馈;反响 ②be fed up with讨厌;厌烦③feed up给以充足的食物/饲料;不高兴;讨厌;腻了25、pick up 捡起,拿起,举起/搭载;(开车)接人/(偶然)学会,得到/接收(信号、声音、图像等)/改善,好转【拓展】有关pick的词组 pick out挑选;辨别26、set out出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作【拓展】有关set的词组①set out to do sth.开始做某事 ②set about doing sth.着手做某事③set off出发,动身;导致;使爆炸 ④set up建立,创立;竖起⑤set aside留出;暂不考虑27、live off依靠...生活;以吃...为生(=live on);靠...供应【拓展】有关live的词组①live on以食...为生;靠(...钱)生活;继续活着,继续存在 ②live by靠(手段、方式)为生③live a...life过着...生活 ④live through经历...而并存 ⑤live up to符合;不辜负⑥live with忍叐,忍耐;不...一起生活28、in place在适当的位置,适当;准备就绪【拓展】有关place的词组①out of place位置不当;不合适,不得体;格格不入 ②in place of...=in one’s place代替...③take the place of...=take one’s place代替... ④take place发生,进行 ⑤in the first place首先29、result in导致;引起【拓展】有关result的词组①result from起因于,由...造成(后跟原因) ②as a result of因为,作为...的结果(后跟原因)③as a result结果,因此(后跟结果)30、fit into适合;合适;与...融为一体【拓展】有关fit的词组①fit in相适应;相融和 ②fit in with sb.与某人合得来③fit in with sth.与...不冲突;与...相一致31、put on上演;演出(戏剧等);穿上;戴上;假装,装出【拓展】有关put的词组①put aside不考虑;节省;储蓄;储存 ②put away放好;收拾好③put down放下;记下 ④put forward提出;推荐⑤put off脱下;推迟;延期 ⑥put out扑灭;生产;制造;培养⑦put up建造;张贴;丼起;搭建;提供食宿 ⑧put up with忍受;容忍32、on the move在行进中,在移动中33、up to达到(某数量、程度等);直到;不多于;(体力或智力上)能胜任34、upside down 颠倒,倒转,翻转Part2 Grammar动词 ing 形式作主语一、关于动词 ing形式的基本情况1、动词 ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式,包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词 ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。2、动词 ing形式的时态和语态。主动语态 被动语态一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done二、动词 ing形式作主语1、动词 ing形式作主语动词 ing形式作主语,往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,通常置于句首。动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。2、形式主语it代替动词 ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有:It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思3、动词 ing形式和to do作主语时的区别。动词 ing形式和to do都可以作主语。动词 ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为,to do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。三、动词 ing的复合结构作主语(1)作主语的动词 ing的复合结构的肯定形式为:形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格+doing...。(2)作主语的动词 ing的复合结构的否定形式为:形容词性物主代词/名词的所有格+not doing...。Part3 Writing课文重点句1、Even though the sun is brightly shining,telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.(复合句)尽管阳光灿烂,也无法分辨是早晨还是晚上。2、Following the reindeer were the Sami people,who made this territory their home.在驯鹿之后来的是萨米人,他们在这片土地上安家落户。3、If today is anything like yesterday,it will be full of sweat and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to my destination on the other side of the valley.如果今天和昨天差不多,那将会充满汗水和艰辛,因为我要徒步跨越这片地形艰险的土地,到达峡谷另一端的目的地。4、However,I cannot complain.Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel blessed to be alive.但是,我不能抱怨。身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方,我感到活着是幸运的。5、Here I am,alone under this broad sky,breathing the fresh air,and enjoying this great adventure.我独自一人在这广阔的天空下,呼吸着新鲜的空气,享受着这伟大的冒险。6、Whichever and whatever you like,there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you.不论你喜欢哪一个,喜欢什么,总会有适合你的主题公园。7、Disneyland will bring you into a magical world and make your childhood dreams come true.迪斯尼会把你带到魔幻的世界,使你的梦想变为现实。8、Riding on the only steam engine still working in the southeastern United States is a special treat.坐在美国东南部唯一仍在运转的蒸汽机上是一种特殊的享受。9、If it is ocean entertainment that you are looking for,come to Chimelong Ocean Kingdom!(强调句)如果您想看海洋娱乐,就来奇美隆海洋王国吧!读后续写素材积累(3)情感描写——紧张She laughed to hide her nervousness.她笑着掩饰自己的紧张。As he squeezed my hand tightly I got butterflies in my stomach.他紧紧抓住我的手时,我好紧张。He waited with baited breath for the test results.他屏住呼吸等待考试结果。His blood ran cold when she didn’t call.他没有打电话过来,他非常害怕。The magician had the audience on the edge of their seats by the end of the show.直到表演的最后一秒,那个魔术师都紧扣观众心弦。You shouldn’t have done that.My heart skipped a beat.你不该那么做的,我吓得心都漏了一拍。I become sweating bullets on the grounds that I heard a sound in the bush.因为听到灌木丛里面有声响,我吓得汗像子弹一样大。When I saw him passing by the teacher,I broke out for a cold sweat for him.当我看到他从老师身边经过时,我真为他捏一把冷汗。Unit 4 Body languagePart 1 Word and Expressions1、vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变various adj.各种各样的variety n.种类;多样化①vary with随...而变化 ②vary in在...方面不同③vary from...to...由...到...变化 ④vary between...and...在...与...之间变化⑤a variety of(=varieties of=various)各种各样的2、appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的appropriately adv.合适地;恰当地inappropriate adj.不合适①be appropriate for/to适合 ②It is appropriate(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)做某事是合适的。③It is appropriate that sb.(should)do...某人做...是合适的。3、approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过approval n.批准;认可;赞成disapprove v.不批准;不赞成disapproval n.不赞成①approve of sth.同意/赞同某事 ②approve of one’s/sb.doing sth.同意/赞同某人做某事4、witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证 n.目击者;证人①be(a)witness to sth.目击某事发生②bear/give witness to sth.为某事作证;证明某事5、employ vt.使用;应用;雇用employee n.雇员;雇工employer n.雇主employment n.工作;雇用;从业unemployment n.失业①employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事 ②employ sb.as sth.雇用某人当……③be employed in(doing)sth.=employ oneself in(doing)sth.忙于(做)某事,从事某活动6、differ vi.相异;不同于different adj.不同的differently adv.不同地difference n.区别;不同之处①make a difference有影响 ②differ from与...不同/有区别(=be different from)③differ in在...方面不同 ④differ with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人在某事上持不同看法7、favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于n.帮助;恩惠;赞同favourite adj.最喜欢的favoured adj.受到优待的;得到偏爱的favourable adj.赞成的;同意的;有利的;给人好印象的①do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙 ②ask sb.a favour=ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙③owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情 ④in favour of支持,赞同⑤in one’s favour对某人有利8、anger n.愤怒;怒气 vt.使生气;激怒angry adj.生气的angrily adv.生气地;气愤地①in anger生气地 ②show anger显示愤怒;生气 ③to one’s anger使某人生气的是④be filled with anger(=be full of anger)充满怒气⑤contain/hold back one’s anger抑制某人的怒火⑥be angry with生……的气 ⑦control one’s anger强压怒火 ⑧anger sb.激怒某人9、reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的rely vi.依赖;依靠①rely on sb.to do sth.依赖某人做某事 ②rely on it that...(=depend on it that...)相信……10、assessment n.评价;评定assess vt.评估;评价①assess sb./sth.as sth.评定……为…… ②assess sth.at sth.对……评价为……11、reveal vt.揭示;显示;露出revealing adj.发人深省的;揭露性的;暴露的12、clarify vt.使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清①clarify one’s position阐明某人的立场 ②clarify a situation/problem澄清情况/问题13、tendency n.趋势;倾向tend v.倾向;易于①have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事 ②a tendency to/towards... ...的倾向/趋势③tend to do sth.易于做某事,往往会发生某事 ④tend towards...有...的趋势,倾向于...14、occupy vt.占据;占用occupied adj.被占用的;忙的occupation n.工作;职业;居住;占用①occupy oneself with(=be occupied with)忙于②occupy oneself(in)doing[=be occupied(in)doing]忙于15、stare vi.盯着看;凝视 n.凝视【拓展】各种“看”.①stare at盯着看 ②gaze at凝视 ③glare at怒视④glance at瞥一眼 ⑤look at看 ⑥fix one’s eyes on盯着看16、distinguish vi.&vt.区分;辨别distinguished adj.卓越的,显著的,杰出的①distinguish(between)A and B区别/辨别A和B ②distinguish A from B使A有别于B③distinguish oneself by...靠...使自己有名气④be distinguished for...(=be famous for...)因...而出名17、embarrassed adj.难堪的;尴尬的embarrass vt.使难堪;使尴尬embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的;令人难堪的embarrassment n.尴尬to one’s embarrassment令人尴尬的是18、ashamed adj.羞愧;惭愧①be ashamed of为...感到惭愧/羞耻 ②be ashamed to do sth.耻于做某事;因难为情而不愿做某事【辨析】ashamed与shameful(1)ashamed“感到羞耻的”,用来修饰人,多作表语(2)shameful“可耻的,丢脸的”,用来指事物或行为,多作定语19、bother vi.&vt.费心;麻烦;因...操心 n.麻烦;不便①bother sb.with sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人 ②bother about/with sth.为某事烦恼③bother to do sth.费心做某事 ④It bothers sb.to do sth./that...使某人苦恼的是...20、conflict n.&vi.矛盾;冲突;抵触conflicting adj.矛盾的①come into conflict with与...冲突;与...战斗 ②in conflict with与...冲突,与...矛盾③A conflicts with B=A and B conflict A和B相冲突21、adjust vt.调整;调节 vi.&vt.适应;(使)习惯adjustable adj.可调节的adjustment n.调整,调节①adjust...to...根据...调节... ②adjust to(doing)sth.适应于;习惯于③adjust oneself to sth.使自己适应于某物 ④make adjustments to对...作出调整22、react vi.(对...)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应reaction n.反应①react to 对...做出反应 ②react with 与...发生化学反应23、by contrast相比之下(=in contrast)24、by comparison(与...)相比较【拓展】有关“compare”的词组①make a comparison作比较 ②in comparison with与...相比③compare A with B把A和B进行比较 ④compare A to B把A比作B⑤compared with与...相比25、break down消除;分解;打破;(机器等)出故障;失败【拓展】有关“break”的词组①break up解散;破碎;结束 ②break through突破;冲破③break away(from)脱离;逃脱 ④break in强行进入;插话⑤break into强行进入(某处);突然开始(笑、唱等) ⑥break out(战争、火灾等)爆发26、in other words换句话说;也就是说=namely=that is to say【拓展】有关“word”的词组①in a word总之,简言之 ②in words用语言③have a word with不……谈话 ④have words with不……吵架⑤keep one’s word遵守诺言 ⑥break one’s word失信;不守诺言27、call on(短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请;号召【拓展】有关“call”的词组①call for需要 ②call at拜访某地 ③call up打电话;使想起④call back回电话 ⑤call off取消 ⑥call in召集;召来28、make inference推理;推断29、straighten up直起来;整理;收拾整齐30、at work有某种影响;在工作Part2 Grammar动词 ing形式作宾语和表语一、动词 ing形式作宾语1、作动词的宾语接动词 ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有:avoid,miss,delay/put off避免错过少延期 advise,finish,practise建议完成多练习enjoy,imagine,can't help喜欢想象禁不住 admit,deny,envy承认否定与嫉妒escape,risk,excuse逃避冒险莫原谅 stand,keep,mind忍受保持不介意2、作介词的宾语在下面的短语中,常用动词 ing形式作介词的宾语:be good at,dream of,care about,be concerned about,be interested in,feel like,insist on,think of,aim at,set about,be used to;get down to;lead to;devote oneself to;look forward to;stick to;pay attention to。3.在以下结构中,动词 ing形式作介词的宾语,介词常省略。spend...(in)doing花费……做某事have difficulty/trouble(in)doing...做……有困难/麻烦stop/prevent...(from)doing阻止……做某事waste time(in)doing浪费时间做某事be busy(in)doing忙于做某事have a good/hard time(in)doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事There is no point(in)doing做某事毫无意义4.动词 ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况(1)动词 ing的复合结构。+动词 ing【动词 ing的复合结构的否定形式】形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词(宾格)/名词's所有格+not doing...。(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词 ing作宾语。①动词begin,start,continue等词后既可跟不定式,又可跟动词 ing作宾语,意义基本相同。②动词love,like,hate等后可跟动词 ing和不定式作宾语,但接动词 ing表示经常性的情况,接不定式表示具体的动作。③一些动词后既可跟动词 ing作宾语,又可跟不定式作宾语,但意义有很大差别。【对比记忆作宾语的动词含义】 (3)用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词 ing形式。其结构如下:主语++it++doing...(4)在动词need,require,want,deserve后,用动词 ing形式表示被动含义,即need/require/want/deserve doing=need/require/want/deserve to be done。(5)在(be)worth后面只能用动词 ing形式来表示被动含义。二、动词 ing形式作表语1、动名词用作表语【辨析1】作表语用的动名词和现在进行时态动名词说明主语的情况或性质,其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容;现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的(即表示主语正在进行的动作)。【辨析2】动名词(短语)和不定式(短语)作主语或表语的区别表示比较抽象、一般的行为,不跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时,多用动名词(短语);表示具体某次行为、特别是将来的行为,往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时,多用不定式。但在多数情况下,两者差别不太大,可以互用。2、现在分词用作表语现在分词作表语,总是跟在系动词之后,构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语,表示主语所具有的特征。许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化,可以用副词修饰,也可以有比较级形式。这类常见的现在分词有amazing,amusing,annoying,astonishing,boring,charming等。【注意】(1)现在分词作表语时,系动词除be外还有appear,sound,look,become,come,get,go,grow,keep,remain,seem等。(2)现在分词作表语用时,相当于形容词,表示性质或状态;进行时态中的分词是谓语动词的组成部分,表示具体的动作,两者不可混淆。Part3 Writing课文重点句1、In Japan,it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.(状语从句中的省略)在日本,和年长的人说话时目光向下以表示尊敬。2、Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means“sleep”.(状语从句中的省略)双手并拢放在头的一侧,同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。3、And if we are feeling down or lonely,there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义)而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独,没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。4、People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.(whatever引导名词性从句)人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。5、Whatever it is,I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.(whatever引导让步状语从句)不管是什么,我知道我需要调查和评估所发生的事情。6、Of course,not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.(部分否定)当然,不是每个抬头的人都专注于课堂。7、It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.(with复合结构)他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。8、Students who are angry,afraid,or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed,like they are guarding their bodies.(have sth.done)生气、害怕或者焦虑的学生会双臂交叉抱在胸前,他们的腿并拢或交叉,就像他们在保护自己的身体。读后续写素材积累(4)情感描写——恐惧I lay there quivering with fear.我躺在那里害怕得发抖。Frozen with fear,he was too scared to move an inch.他吓得僵住了,吓得寸步难行。Numb with a blank mind,they couldn't let out a scream anymore with palms sweating.由于头脑一片空白,他们几乎发不出声并且手掌一直出汗。I become spooked from ghost stories and scary movies.我被鬼故事和恐怖电影吓坏了。Last night,I dreamed about being chased by an angry dog.I really had my heart in my mouth.昨晚我梦到被一条疯狗追,吓得我心都提到嗓子眼了。That loud noise scared me out of my wit.那声巨响把我的魂都吓没了。With heart fluttering with terror,without hesitation they rushed to the door,opened it and slammedly shut the wooden door as promptly as they could.他们吓得心怦怦直跳,毫不犹豫地冲向门口,打开门,尽可能迅速地关上木门。That dog really scared the pants of me.那条狗真的把我吓坏了。The horror movie made my hair stand on end.那部恐怖电影使我毛骨悚然。I was almost scared to death when there were intermittent footsteps outside the window.我差点吓死了当窗户外有断断续续的脚步声。She trembled all over,feeling like sitting on pins and needles.她浑身颤抖,如坐针毡。Judy was scared silly,as she said.朱迪被吓傻了,正如她所说。It's really creeping me out,I can't sleep at all.它真的让我毛骨悚然,我根本睡不着。My face turned pale and stood there tongue-tied.我脸色苍白,站在那儿舌头打结。Judy said I should try Bungee,but I had cold feet.朱迪说我应该体验一次蹦极,但我就是不敢。Stop shaking in your boots,Bob.I'm not going to fire you.别提心吊胆的,鲍勃,我不会炒了你的。Unit 5 Working The LandPart 1 Word and Expressions1、devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于①devote...to把……用于;献身;致力;专心 ②be devoted to对……专一/专注③devote oneself to致力于,献身于④devote one’s life/time/energy/attention to...把某人的生命/时间/精力/注意力奉献于……【拓展】专心于,致力于①be lost in ②devote oneself to=be devoted to ③concentrate on ④be absorbed in ⑤focus on2、shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺short adj.不足的;缺少的;短缺的①a shortage of funds资金不足 ②fall short of sth.未达到;不符合③be short of缺乏,短缺 ④in short总之;简言之3、yield vt.出产(作物);(产生收益、效益等) vi.屈服;让步 vi.放弃;缴出 n.产量;产出;利润①yield(to sth./sb.)屈服;让步 ②yield sth./sb.(up)(to sb.)放弃;缴出③yield to sth.被...替代;为...所取代 ④a high crop yield作物丰收4、convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服convinced adj.确信的convincing adj.令人信服的,有说服力的①convince that...使某人相信…… ②convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事③convince to do sth.说服某人做某事 ④be convinced of/that...确信……5、attain vt.(经过努力)获得;得到;达到(年龄、水平、状况等)attainable adj.可获得的;可达到的attainment n.达到;成就6、assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权利的)获得assume vt.假定;设想①assume...to be/as...假定……是……,认定……是…… ②assume that...假定……,认定……③make an assumption 假设; 认为 ④assume that...假设...⑤on the assumption that...在假定...的情况下⑥assume an air/expression of...装出…的样子/表情7、overcome vt.(overcame,overcome)克服;解决;战胜overcome difficulties/one’s fear克服困难/某人的恐惧【辨析】overcome/beat/defeat/win(1)overcome强调克服困难、障碍等。(2)beat常指(在比赛或竞争中)赢(某人)。(3)defeat侧重指在战场上打败敌人。(4)win后跟表示物的名词,比如比赛、战斗、奖金、奖品、金钱等。8、expand vt.&vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)①expand(...)into(把……)扩展/发展成…… ②expand on/upon详述; 充分叙述【辨析】expand/enlarge/extend/spread(1)expand指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀; (2)enlarge指面积、体积的扩大;(3)extend指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长;(4)spread指物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸。9、comprise vt.包括;包含;由……组成be comprised of包括;包含;由……组成(或构成)10、generate vt.产生;引起generation n.一代人;一代;一批;产生 adj.第…代的generator n.发电机11、urban adj.城市的;市镇的urbanization n.都市化,城市化12、reality n.现实;实际情况;事实①in reality实际上,事实上 ②face/accept reality面对/接受现实③lose touch with reality脱离现实 ④become a reality成为现实⑤The reality is that...实际情况是……【拓展】事实上,实际上①in reality ②in truth ③in fact④in actual fact ⑤as a matter of fact ⑥actually13、alleviate vt.减轻;缓解alleviation n.减轻;缓解;缓和;镇痛物14、digest vt.消化食物;领悟,融汇贯通 vi.消化 n.摘要;文摘digestion n.消化digestive adj.消化的;易消化的15、alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.(仅用于名词前)可供替代的,可供选择的;非传统的①have no alternative/choice but to do...别无选择,只能这么做...②can’t choose but to do...做出选择,只能去做... ③alternative energy替代性能源④alternative ways/approaches/methods其他的方法 ⑤alternative suggestions可供选择的建议16、depth n.向下(戒向里)的距离;深(度)deep adj.深的.deeply adv.很深地;深刻地deepen v.变深①in depth全面,深入,详细 ②at a depth of 30 metres在30米的深处③a metre/foot in depth一米/一英尺深17、be known as作为……而出名;被称为……【拓展】有关“known”的词组①be known/famous as作为……而出名 ②be known/famous for因……而出名③be known to为……所知 ④It is well-known that...众所周知……⑤as is known to all/as we all know/as everyone knows...众所周知……18、varieties of许多的;各种各样的(=a variety of)【拓展】有关“vary”的知识①vary v.相异;变化. various adj.各种各样的 variety n.多种多样;多样化;种类②vary from…to…由……到……不等 ③vary with随……而变化④vary in在……方面不同19、far from完全不,并非(后接名词、动名词戒“being+形容词”,being可省略)far from it(口)完全相反,并非如此20、make use of利用;使用【拓展】充分利用①make+full/good+use+of ②make+the best/the most+use+of21、make up one’s mind下决心,决定【拓展1】有关“mind”的词组①bear/keep...in mind记住……;考虑到…… ②keep one’s mind on...把注意力集中于……③be/go out of one’s mind心智失常,发疯 ④lose one’s mind失去理智⑤change one’s mind改变主意【拓展2】决定做某事,下决心做某事①make up one’s mind to do sth. ②decide to do sth.③be determined to do sth.22、in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流【拓展】有关“turn”的词组①take turns to do/in doing sth.轮流做某事 ②It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了③by turns轮流地,交替地23、focus on关注,聚焦于【拓展】注意①focus one’s attention/mind on集中某人的注意力/心思于……②fix one’s attention on把某人的注意力集中于 ③concentrate on集中(注意力、精力)于④pay attention to注意 ⑤put one’s heart into全神贯注于24、deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上25、for instance例如;比如Part2 Grammar主语从句一、主语从句的基本用法1、主语从句的引导词类别 例词 说明从属连词 that,whether 两者在从句中均不作成分,只起连接作用;that无实义,whether表示“是否”。连接代词 who,what,which,whoever,whatever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。连接副词 when,where,how,why等 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。【主语从句中连接词的选择技巧】(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。2、it作形式主语为保持句子平衡,常把主语从句后置,而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型:句型 说明It+系动词+形容词+主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important,(un)likely,possible, necessary,natural,wrong等。It+系动词+名词+主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact,idea,honour,question,pity等。It+系动词+过去分词+主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词,有known,proved,said,decided,suggested,thought等。It+不及物动词+主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有appear,happen,seem,occur,matter等。【注意】(1)在“It+be+过去分词+主语从句”结构中,过去分词若suggested/ordered/required/advised等,主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。(2)在“It+be+形容词+主语从句”结构中,若形容词为important/necessary/strange等,主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。二、主语从句中应注意的问题1、从句要用陈述语序2、主谓一致(1)从句作主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式。what引导主语从句时,有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。Part3 Writing课文重点句1、Indeed,his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,to whom he has devoted his life.(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)确实,他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。2、Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy,one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.(given+that从句)考虑到杂交水稻已经使袁隆平变得相当富有,人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。3、Yet,he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research.然而,他认为自己是个农民,因为他在不断地研究耕种土地。4、Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains...据估算,现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻...5、Yuan's innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well.袁隆平的创新不仅帮助了中国, 也帮助了许多其他依赖大米的国家。6、As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually too fast to be grow rich in nutrition.至于化肥,用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快,无法提供丰富的营养。7、What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(同位语从句)阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。读后续写素材积累(5)情感描写——愤怒A look of pure hatred flashed across her face.她脸上闪过一种仇恨的表情。His voice was quivering/trembling with rage.他的声音因愤怒而颤抖。Sobbing with rage,Carol was taken to the hospital.卡罗尔气得抽泣起来,被送进了医院。His face was red with rage.他气得脸都红了。I was fraught with almost insupportable rage.我心中充满了几乎无法忍受的愤怒。The teacher flipped his lid when the student didn't know the answer to a very elementary question.当这个学生连一个很基本的问题都不会时,老师大发雷霆。I was seized by fury.我勃然大怒。I flew into a rage.我勃然大怒。His face was gloomy with anger.他气得脸色阴沉.He said nothing and left the room in a huff.他啥也没说怒气冲冲离开了房间。He got hot under the collar because he was framed.他被人陷害了,所以很生气。If you blow up at someone,you lose your temper and shout at them.如果你对某人发火,你就会发脾气,对他们大喊大叫。Mack suddenly blew his stack when he was teased by his classmates again and again.麦克突然大发雷霆因为他被他的同学一次又一次地捉弄。George's father will raise the roof when he hear what his son has done.如果乔治的父亲知道乔治做了什么,他一定会大发雷霆。I almost lost my temper when I saw the scene.当我看到这幅景象我差点就发脾气了。Unit 1 People of Achievement1.commit vt.做出(错或非法的事);犯(罪或错等);承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的→commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺2.academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校→academic adj.学业的;学术的3.botanical adj.植物学的→botany n.植物学4.evaluate vt.评价;评估→evaluation n.评价;评估5.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的→distinction n.区别;差别6.analyse(NAmE -ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n.分析7.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家8.conclusion n.结论;推论→conclude vt.断定;推断出9.novelist n.小说家→novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的;珍奇的10.found vt.创建;建立;把……建立在→foundation n创建;基金会→founder n.创建者;创始人11.politician n.政治家;从政者;政客→politics n.政治→political adj.政治的12.gentle adj.温柔的;文静的→gently adv.温柔地;温和地13.passion n.酷爱;激情→passionate adj.有激情的14.consequence n.结果;后果→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.结果;因此;所以15.professor n.教授→profession n.职业,行业→professional adj.职业的 n.专业人士Unit2 Looking into the future1.persuade vt.劝说;说服→persuasive adj.有说服力的→persuasion n.说服2.distant adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的→distance n.距离3.secure adj.安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的 vt.获得;拴牢;保护→security n.安全;保护措施4.automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地5.integrate vi.& vt.(使)合并;成为一体→integrated adj.各部分密切协调的;综合的6.efficient adj.效率高的;有功效的→efficiently adv.有效地→efficiency n.效率;效能7.preference n.爱好;偏爱→prefer vt.更喜欢;宁愿8.obey vi.& vt.服从;遵守→disobey vi.& vt.不服从9.warning n.警告;警示;先兆→warn vt.警告10.abnormal adj.不正常的;反常的→normal adj.正常的11.critical adj.严重的;关键的;批判性的→critic n.评论家→criticize vt.批评;评论→critically adv.批判性地12.potential adj.可能的;潜在的 n.潜力;可能性→potentially adv.潜在地;可能地13.electrical adj.电的;用电的→electric adj.电的;电动的;用电的→electricity n.电;电学;电流14.fantasy n.幻想;想象→fantastic adj.极好的15.detect vt.发现;查明→detective n.侦探16.relevant adj.有关的;有意义的→irrelevant adj.不相关的→relevantly adv.相关地17.crime n.犯罪活动;不法行为→criminal n.罪犯;犯人 adj.刑事的;犯罪的18.combine vt.& vi.(使)结合;混合→combination n.结合;联合19.predict vt.预测;预言;预料→prediction n.预测;预言20.occupation n.职业;占领→occupy vt.占据;占用;使忙于(做某事)→occupied adj.被占领的;使用中;忙于21.oppose vt.反对;抵制;阻挠→opposed adj.反对的→opposite adj.对面的;相反的→opposition n.反对22.absence n.不存在;缺乏;缺席→absent adj.缺席的;不在的;缺乏的23.emphasis n.强调;重视;重要性→emphasize vt.强调24.luxury n.奢华→luxurious adj.奢侈的25.resist vi.& vt.抵制;反抗;抵挡→resistance n抵制;反对;抗拒→resistant adj.反抗的;抵制的26.accurate adj.精确的;准确的→accurately adv.精确地;准确地→accuracy n.精确性27.librarian n.图书管理员;图书馆馆长→library n.图书馆Unit 3 Fascinating Parks1.visible adj.看得见的;可见的→invisible adj.看不见的→vision n.视力;视觉2.bless vt.祝福→blessing n.幸事;祝福3.prohibition n.禁止;阻止;禁令→prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;阻止4.journalist n.新闻记者;新闻工作者→journal n.日志;杂志5.rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的→reward vt.报答;酬劳;奖赏6.cycle n.自行车;摩托车;循环 vi.骑自行车→cyclist n.骑自行车的人7.appeal vi.有吸引力;呼吁;恳求;上诉 n.吸引力;呼吁;上诉;请求→appealing adj.有吸引力的;恳求的8.adorable adj.可爱的;讨人喜爱的→adore vt.热爱;喜爱9.amusement n.娱乐(活动);愉悦→amuse vt.(提供)消遣;(使)娱乐→amusing adj.逗人笑的;有乐趣的→amused adj.逗乐的;觉得好笑的10.fashion n.时尚;时兴;流行款式→fashionable adj.时尚的11.rare adj.稀少的;珍贵的;(肉)半熟的→rarely adv.罕有;很少12.entertainment n.娱乐;招待;娱乐活动;文娱节目→entertain vt.招待;款待;使欢乐→entertaining adj.使人愉快的;有趣的→entertainer n.表演者;艺人Unit 4 Body Language1.interaction n.交流;相互影响→interact vi.相互交流;相互影响2.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变→various adj.不同的;各种各样的→variety n多样性;变化;种类3.approve vi.赞成;同意 vt.批准;通过→approval n.赞成;同意;批准→approving adj.赞许的;赞成的4.employ vt.使用;应用;雇用→employee n.雇员;受雇者→employer n.雇主;雇用者→employment n.雇用;聘用5.differ vi.相异;不同于→different adj.不同的;有差异的→difference n.差别;差异6.favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于 n.帮助;恩惠;赞同→favorable adj.赞成的;有利的7.anger n愤怒;怒气 vt.使生气;激怒→angry adj.生气的;愤怒的→angrily adv.生气地;愤怒地8.reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的→rely vi.依赖;信赖9.slight adj.轻微的;略微的;细小的→slightly adv.略微;稍微10.assess vt.评估;评价→assessment n.评价;评定11.educator n.教师;教育工作者;教育家→educate vt.教育→educated adj.受过教育的;有教养的→education n.教育12.tendency n.趋势;倾向→tend vt.& vi.照料;护理 vi.倾向于;有……的趋势13.barely adv.几乎不;勉强才能;刚刚→bare adj.赤裸的;光秃秃的;空的14.occupy vt.占据;占用→occupied adj.使用中;忙于;被占领的→occupation n占领;职业15.distinguish vi.& vt.区分;辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的;杰出的16.anxiety n.焦虑;担心;害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的;焦虑的;渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地17.embarrassed adj.难堪的;尴尬的→embarrassing adj.使人难堪的;令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫;使尴尬18.ashamed adj.羞愧;惭愧→shame n.羞耻;羞愧;让人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的;没廉耻的19.inquire/enquire vi.& vt.询问;打听→inquiry/enquiry n.询问;调查20.adjust vt.调整;调节 vi.& vt.适应;(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的;可调节的→adjustment n.调整;调节;适应21.react vi.(对……)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n.反应;副作用Unit 5 Working the Land1.devote vt.把……献(给);把……专用于;专心于→devotion n.奉献;忠诚;挚爱2.shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺→short adj.短的;矮的;缺乏的;简略的3.convince vt.使相信;使确信;说服→convincing adj.有说服力的;使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的;坚信的4.assumption n.假定;设定;(责任的)承担;(权力的)获得→assume v.假定;设想→assuming conj.假定;假设5.expand vt.& vi.扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务)→expansion n.扩大;扩张;扩充6.consumption n.消耗;消耗量;消费→consume vt.消耗;消费;吃;喝→consumer n.消费者;用户;客户7.salty adj.含盐的;咸的→salt n.盐8.extension n.扩建部分;扩大;电话分机→extend vt.伸开;展开;延伸9.chemical adj.与化学有关的;化学的 n.化学制品;化学品→chemistry n.化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n.化学家;药剂师10.nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的;营养丰富的→nutrition n.营养;滋养11.depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地;强烈地→deepen vt.加深;(使)变深12.entirely adv.全部地;完整地;完全地→entire adj.全部的;完全的9 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览