资源简介

(共49张PPT)
Reading and Thinking
UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND
课文精讲，掌握语法
A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, was one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.
n.先驱；先锋
v.开创；倡导
be known as 被认为是
be known for因...而出名
one of+adj最高级+n.复， 谓语动词用单数
当代最伟大的物理学家之一就是霍金
One of the greatest physicists of our time is Hawking
consider sb as/to be 认为某人是......
consider doing sth考虑做某事
consider it +adj/n.+to do 认为做某事是...
Para1
1. Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life.
Key sentences
确实, 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的几百万的中国农民一样。
本句是一个定语从句，先行词为Chinese farmers（人），又接在介词to后面，故用whom来引导定语从句。在定语从句中，一些动词词组的介词可以提前，形成介词+关系词的句式，例如：
第一段的短语：
1. 作为...出名
be known/famous as
2. 杂交水稻之父
father of hybrid rice
3. 最...的...之一
one of +最高级+名词复数
4. 耕种土地
work the land
5. 数以百万级
millions of
6. 献身于...；
致力于...
devote ...to...
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
Para2
2. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
然而，让他最担心的是农民经常收成不好，有时甚至是严重的食物短缺。
what concerned him most was that... 主语从句+表语从句
翻译：我想要说的就是我们应该用更认真的态度对待学习。
What I want to say is that we should take a more serious attitude towards study.
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
choose--chose--chosen
choose to do sth选择做某事
have no choice but to do别无选择只能做某事
Para2
第二段的短语：
1. 让...最关心
concern sb most
2. 欠收
have poor harvest
3. 严重缺乏
have a serious shortage of
4. 解决这个危机
tackle this crisis
5. 选择做某事
choose to do sth
After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this, could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
work as... 作为...
act/serve/function as
treat/regard as
think of...as...
refer to...as...
Para3
3. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-polinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.
然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，是一件有巨大争议的事。
whether it was possible to...是由whether引导的主语从句，当主语从句充当主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
翻译：他是否要来，还没有决定。
Whether he will come has not been decided.
After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this, could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
Para3
第三段的短语：
1. 增加产量
boost yield
2. ...的一个特征
one characteristic of
3. 例如
such as
4. 通过不懈的努力
through intense effort
5. 使某人能做某事
enable sb to do sth
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
组成：
be comprised of
be made up of
be composed of
consist of
Para4
4. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种（形成的作物）让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
it is estimated that... 是一个主语从句，it 充当的是形式主语，真正的主语为that后面的部分。例如：
generated from是过去分词作后置定语，修饰crops.
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.
Para4
第四段的短语：
1. 据估计
It is estimated that...
2. 由...组成
be comprised of
3. 允许某人做某事
allow sb to do sth
4. 依靠，依赖
depend on
5. 在国内外
both in China and abroad
at home and abroad
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cared little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.
Given that..考虑到，鉴于
动词 +宾语+宾补
Para5
远非如此
5. Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case.
鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人认为他会退休享受休闲的生活，但是，事实远非如此。
given that在句中作连词，意思是“鉴于，考虑到” 。
拓展：given可作介词，表示“只要是；考虑到；假定”等意思。
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.
far from 远非...
make a donation/donations to... 捐赠
Para5
第五段的短语：
1. 闲适的生活
a life of leisure
2. 在内心深处
deep down
3. 不在乎
care little for
4. 捐了大量款
makes large donations
Para 6
What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. Even in his later years, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always waiting to see what he would dream up next.
What impresses people most... 令人印象最深刻的是...
6. What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
袁隆平给人们印象最深的事他不断实现梦想的能力。
What impresseed people most...是一个主语从句。意思是“令人印象最深刻的是” 。
翻译：这座城市令人印象最深刻的就是它的多元文化。
What impresses people most about the city is its cultural diversity.
fulfil his dreams表示“ 实现梦想”，类似的表达还有：
realize/achieve/act out one's dream; make one's dream come true
Para 6
What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
7. with each ear of rice as big as a broom .
稻穗像扫帚一样大
with 的复合结构，其组成有：
with +宾语+v-ing
with +宾语+done
with +宾语+to do
with +宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
第六段的短语：
1. 实现他的梦想
fullfil his dreams
2. 在某方面成功
succeed in doing
3. 富有远见
full of vision
4. 构思,创造,梦想出; 虚构出
dream up
1. Key words
1. 　　　　　　 vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于
2. 　　　　　　 n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺
3. 　　　　　　 vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理
4. 　　　　　　 n. 危机; 危急关头
5. 　　　　　　 vt. 使增长; 使兴旺　n. 增长; 提高; 激励
6. 　　　　　　 vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服
7. 　　　　　　 n. 特征; 特点; 品质　adj. 典型的;独特的
8. 　　　　　　 vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到
9. 　　　 　　 adj. 传统的;习惯的
devote　
shortage　
tackle
crisis　
boost　
convince　
characteristic
attain　
conventional　
10. 　　　　　 n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得
11. 　　　　　 adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的
12. 　　　　　 vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜
13. 　　　　　 vt.& vi. 扩大; 增加　vt. 扩展;发展(业务)
14. 　　　　　 n. 产量; 输出; 输出量　vt. 输出
15. 　　　　　 vt. 估计; 估价; 估算　n. 估计; 估算
16. 　　　　　 adj. 本国的; 国内的; 家用的; 家庭的
17. 　　　　　 n. 消耗; 消耗量; 消费
18. 　　　　　 vt. 包括; 包含; 由……组成
assumption　
intense　
overcome　
expand　
output　
estimate
domestic　
consumption　
comprise　
19. 　　　　　 vt. 产生; 引起
20. 　　　　　 n. 闲暇; 休闲; 空闲
21. 　　　　　 n. 泥土; 土壤; 国土; 领土
22. 　　　　　 n. 名望; 名誉; 名人; 名流
23. 　　　　　 n. 谷物; 谷粒; 颗粒
24. 　　　　　 n. 想象; 视力; 视野; 影像
25. 　　　　　 n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实
26. 　　　　　 adj. 含盐的; 咸的
generate
leisure　
soil　
celebrity
grain　
vision　
reality　
salty
2. Key phrases
　　　　　　 　　　　 devote...to...
　　　　　　 　　　　 be comprised of
　　　　　　 　　　　 deep down
　　　　　　 　　　　 be known as
　　　　　　 　　　　 depend on
　　　　　　 　　　　 care little for
　　　　　　 　　　　 at home and abroad
　　　　　　 　　　　 dream up
　　　　　　 　　　　 other than
　　　　　　 　　　　 be used for
把……用于; 献身; 致力　
包括; 由……组成(或构成)　
在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上　
作为……而著名　
依靠　
几乎不关心　
国内外　
梦想出; 虚构出　
除了　
被用来做
Language points
教材原句p.50 Yuan Longping，known as the “father of hybrid rice”，is one of China’s most famous scientists.被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。
（be） known as 作为……而出名；被称为……
Beethoven is known as one of the greatest musicians in the world.
贝多芬被认为是世界上最伟大的音乐家之一。
be known/famous as 作为……而出名（后接身份）
be known/famous for 因……而出名（后接原因）
be known to 为……所知（后接对象）
as is known to all/as we all know 众所周知……
It is well-known that... 众所周知……
The Great Wall is known as an ancient man-made wonder.
长城作为古代人造奇观而出名。
Indeed，his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
devote vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于
devote...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心
be devoted to 对……专一/ 专注
devote oneself to 致力于，献身于
devote one’s life/time/energy/attention to...
把某人的生命/ 时间/ 精力/ 注意力奉献于……
I shall devote myself to serving my country at the cost of my own life，regardless of fortune or misfortune to myself. 苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之。［林则徐名言］
Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth. 说服某人做某事
（1）convinced adj. 确信的　　　
be convinced of/that... 确信……
I am convinced of her innocence. = I am convinced that she is innocent.我坚信她是无辜的。
（2）convincing adj. 令人信服的，有说服力的
In order to convince us of his honesty，he gave us several convincing cases which could make us convinced of it.
为了使我们相信他的诚实，他给我们列举了几个能让我们相信的有说服力的事例
A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. 杂交指的是两个或者两个以上品种的交叉。
varieties of（=a variety of）许多的；各种各样的
He planted varieties of flowers in the garden.他在花园里种植了各种各样的花。
One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。
attain vt.（通常经过努力）获得；得到；达到（某年龄、水平、状况）
attain knowledge获得知识
attain independence获得独立
attain one’s goal实现目标
attain one’s purpose达到目的　
attain this standard达到这个标准
attain one’s ideal weight达到理想的体重　
The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
assumption n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权利的）获得
make assumptions/an assumption about... 对……做假设
on the assumption that... 假定……，假设……
assume vt. 假定；设想　　
assume（that）... 假定……，认定……
assume...to be/as... 假定……是……，认定……是……
【误区警示】
assuming 连词 假设……为真；假如 ，引导从句，此用法和supposing，providing，provided，given that 相似。
Assuming （that） he’s still alive，how old would he be now
假定他还活着，现在有多大年纪了？
Through intense effort，Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice... 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，开发出了第一代杂交水稻……
overcome vt.（overcame，overcome）克服；解决；战胜
overcome difficulties/one’s fear 克服困难 / 某人的恐惧
overcome bad habits改掉恶习
overcome the enemy战胜敌人
We can and must overcome our shortcomings.
我们能够而且必须克服我们的缺点。
...it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains...据估算，中国国内消费的稻米有大约60% 来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物……
9 estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算
estimate sth. at... 估算某物为……
be estimated to do sth. 被估计做某事
It is estimated (that)... 据估计……
a conservative/ rough estimate 保守的 / 粗略的估计　
However，this is far from the case.但是，事实远非如此。
far from 完全不，远非；远离
He is far from a fool. 他绝不是一个傻瓜。
Far from working hard，he plays around. 他非但不用功，反而到处玩耍。
far from it（口）完全相反，远非如此
People are always smiling，especially in groups，but it doesn’t just signal that they are happy，far from it. 有的人脸上总是带着笑意，绝不只是表示他们很高兴，有时甚至恰恰相反，在集体中尤其如此。
Indeed，his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life. 确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。
“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句
They came back to the house in which they had lived for twenty years.他们回到了他们住了20 年的房子。
I’ll never forget the days during which we attended college together.我永远不会忘记我们一起上大学的日子。
Is this the reason for which he rejected our offer of help
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
【学法点拨】
“介词+ 关系代词（which/whom）”引导的定语从句，介词的确定要遵从“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。
介词选择的原则：
一先：根据先行词的习惯搭配
二动：根据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配
三意义：根据从句的意义
The moment at which we made a decision was exciting.
我们做出决定的那一刻令人激动。（一先，at the moment）
Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands
刚才和你握手的那个女孩是谁？（二动，shake hands with）
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的气体叫氧气，没有了它我们就不能生存。（三意义）
Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy，one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. 鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
given that...“考虑到……”，相当于considering。
given prep.介词 考虑到,鉴于
Given that they’re inexperienced，they’ve done a good job.
在缺乏经验的情况下，他们的工作已经做得相当不错了。
Thank you!

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