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(共77张PPT)
Unit 2
No Rules, No Order
初中英语人教版七年级下册
Section A Grammar Focus
What rules do we follow
Section A
通过本课时学习，我能够：
1.观察例句并归纳总结祈使句和情态动词的意义、结构及用法。（学习理解）
2.使用祈使句和情态动词完成对话并描述标识。（应用实践）
3.小组合作讨论不同场合的规则，画出标识并使用已学句型介绍规则。（迁移创新）
学习目标
Watch the video
What school rules do they follow
______ cellphones in class.
______ your hand to speak.
_________ your classmates and your teacher.
______ prepared (准备好的) for class.
______ sleeping in class.
No
Raise
Respect
Be
Don’t
Look and say
No cellphones in class.
Raise your hand to speak.
Respect your classmates and your teacher.
Be prepared for class.
Don’t sleeping in class.
Take a deep breath.
What do they have in common
Short
No subjects
Begin with a verb
These sentences are called imperative sentences(祈使句)!
语法小课堂
祈使句（Imperative Sentences）
① 概念：祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称 you，但往往省略。
② 句式：
肯定祈使句: 动词原形+其他
否定式祈使句：Don’t+动词原形+其他
语法小课堂
祈使句的种类
① Do 型祈使句
肯定句：动词原形 +其他.
否定句：Don’t+动词原形 +其他.
e.g. Take a deep breath.
Don’t watch TV before dinner.
语法小课堂
祈使句的种类
② Be 型祈使句
肯定句：Be +表语+其他.
否定句：Don’t+be+表语 +其他.
e.g. Be careful next time.
Don’t be noisy in the library!
语法小课堂
祈使句的种类
③ Let 型祈使句
肯定句：Let +宾语+动词原形+其他.
否定句：Don’t+Let +宾语+动词原形+其他.
e.g. Be careful next time.
Don’t be noisy in the library!
语法小课堂
祈使句的种类
④ No 型祈使句: No+v-ing! / No+名词!
e.g. No photos!
No parking!
No fishing!
语法小课堂
Do 型祈使句
Be 型祈使句
Let 型祈使句
No 型祈使句
祈使句歌诀
祈使句，祈使句，请求、命令或建议。
主语是 you 常省去，动词原形 开头记。
否定形式要注意，Don’t 放到句首去。
要讲客气用 please，句首、句末没关系。
No doing! 需提起，表示 禁止 不小觑。
Let’s Practice
1. It’s an important meeting. (not, be) late.
2. (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. (not, talk) and (read) aloud.
4. The notice on the wall says “ ”. (no smoke)
5. (look) out! A car is coming.
6. (not, let) the baby cry.
7. Let’s (not say) anything about it.
Don’t talk
Don’t make
read
No smoking
Look
Don’t let
not say
Don’t be
Walk in the hallway. Don’t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter./You mustn’t litter. / You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No,we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class？ No,we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
Read the sentences.
Do the verbs in bold need to change forms Why
祈使句中的动词原型，不需要变换形式。
Walk in the hallway. Don’t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter./You mustn’t litter. / You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No,we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class？ No,we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
Read the sentences.
Do the verbs in bold need to change forms Why
情态动词后用
动词原型。
Can we bring our phones to class
No, we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class
No, we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
语法小课堂
情态动词（Modal Verbs）
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如请求、许可、意愿、可能等。一般没有人称和数的变化。
情态动词本身不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用。
情态动词的否定式一般是在其后加 not 构成，一般疑问句通常将它提到句首。
情态动词的肯定式一般不重读。
语法小课堂
情态动词 can
① 表示能力
e.g. I can run fast, but I can’t swim.
② 表示许可，否定形式为 can’t, 表示 “不能，不可以”。
e.g. We can play basketball at the weekend.
Students can’t run in the hallways.
语法小课堂
情态动词 must
① 表示“必须”否定形式 mustn’t 表示“禁止”
e.g. Don’t arrive late for class. We must be on time.
Students mustn’t use their phones at school.
语法小课堂
情态动词 must
② 以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，
否定回答用needn’t 或者don’t have to,表示“不必要”
e.g. —Must I clean the classroom now
—Yes, you must.
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
语法小课堂
情态动词 have to
表示“不得不；必须”,
在表示“必须”时，与 must 意义接近，有时可互换。
e.g.
We have to be quiet in the library.
She has to do her homework first when she gets home.
We have to/must follow the rules.
语法小课堂
must 与 have to 区别
① must 表示说话人的主观看法，语气较为强烈，
have to 则强调客观需要。
e.g.
We must hurry. I don’t want to miss the begining of the show.
We have to hurry. The train is leaving in 5 minutes.
语法小课堂
must 与 have to 区别
② 它们的否定式含义大不相同。
mustn’t 表示 “不准；禁止”，
don’t have to 表示“不必”。
e.g.
You mustn't talk to your mother like that.
You don't have to come if you don't want to.
语法小课堂
must 与 have to 区别
③ must没有人称和数的变化，而have to有人称和数的变化。
e.g.
I / We / You / They must do something about it.
I have to finish my work today.
She has to work late today.
They have to get to the station before five o'clock.
Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn't.
1. Don't jump the queue. You____________wait for your turn.
2. I __________ feed my dog many kinds of food, but I
_____________ give him chocolate. It’s bad for him!
3.A: Can I leave the classroom if I don't feel well
B: Yes, but you__________tell your teacher about it when you
__________be absent from class.
have to/must
can
can’t/mustn’t
must
have to
Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn't.
4. A: Hey! Can I look at your book
B: Shh, we____________ talk quietly in the library.
5. A: Can you put on your seat belt We____________wear one
when we're in a car.
B: Sure. Thanks!
must/have to
must/have to
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
You can't / mustn't eat or drink.
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not park here.
No parking (here).
You can’t / mustn’t park (here).
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not take photos.
No photos.
You can’t / mustn’t take photos.
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not swim.
No swimming.
You can’t / mustn’t swim.
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not feed the birds.
No feeding the birds.
You can’t / mustn’t feed the birds.
Where can we find these signs
in the library
in the classroom
on the subway/bus
Where can we find these signs
on a sidewalk
at a bus stop
in front of a fire hydrant.
Where can we find these signs
in an art gallery.
in a cinema.
in a church.
Where can we find these signs
in a river/lake
…
Where can we find these signs
in a zoo without permission
…
Read, observe, and try.
No food
or drink.
No climbing.
No smoking.
No pets.
No noise.
In groups, brainstorm three rules for one of the places below.
Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean.
library school dining hall park cinema hospital
In the library, we must keep quiet. we mustn’t make noise. We can’t ...
Library Rules
Keep quiet.
No eating or drinking.
Return books on time.
Silence your mobile phone.
No smoking.
In the library, we must keep quiet. We mustn’t make noise.
We can’t eat or drink in the library. Because it may make the
library untidy. We must return books on time. Last but not the
least, we have to make our mobile phones silent.
Dining Hall Rules
Don’t jump the queue.
Don’t waste food.
Clear dishes from the table before you leave.
Hospital Rules
Don’t run in the hallway.
Keep quiet.
No smoking.
Language points
Section A
考点 1：queue 的用法
【用法 ①】 queue n. （人、汽车等的）队，行列
e.g. There was a long queue outside the bank.
【常用短语】 in a queue 排队
jump the queue 插队
e.g. How long were you in the queue 你排队多长时间了？
It’s rude to jump the queue. 插队是很不礼貌的。
考点 1：queue 的用法
【用法 ②】 queue v. （人、车辆等）排队等候；不及物动词，常与 up 连用
e.g. We queued up for hours to get tickets.
【常用短语】 queue for sth. 为……排队
queue to do sth. 排队做某事
e.g. They queued for the latest phone.
Shoppers queued to enter the supermarket during the sale.
考点 2：feed /fi d/ v. 喂养；饲养
【用法 】 feed v. 喂养；饲养。
用作及物动词，其后常接表示人或动物的名词作宾语。feed sb./sth. 喂某人/ 某物
feed 还可意为“养，养活(全家、一群人) ”，是及物动词。
【feed 的常用结构】
(1) feed...to... 把……喂给……
(2) feed...on/with... 用……喂养……
(3) feed on... (动物) 以……为食
考点 2：feed /fi d/ v. 喂养；饲养
【例句 】
My grandma feeds chickens every day. 我奶奶每天都喂鸡。
Please feed some fish to the cat. 请给猫喂些鱼。
Let’s feed the monkey on/with some bananas.
让我们给猴子喂些香蕉吧。
Pandas are black and white. They feed on bamboo.
大熊猫黑白相间。它们以竹子为食。
The elder brother had many children to feed. 哥哥有许多孩子要养活。
考点 3：leave /li v/ v. 离开；留下
【用法 】 leave v. “离开”，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
【常用结构】
① leave + 某地 离开某地
② leave for + 某地(目的地) 动身前往某地
③ leave A(出发地) for B(目的地) 离开A 地前往B 地
考点 3：leave /li v/ v. 离开；留下
【用法 】 leave 作动词，还可以意为“使保留，让……处于(某种状态、某地等) ；
忘了带；丢下”。
【常用结构】
① leave sb. alone 把某人单独留下
② leave sth. + 地点 把某物忘在某地
考点 3：leave /li v/ v. 离开；留下
【例句】
If you don’t feel well, you can tell the teacher and ask for leaving the class.
如果你感到不舒服，你可以告诉老师并请求离开课堂。
He will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他将动身去北京。
The boss leaves Beijing for Shanghai every Monday morning.
老板每周一早上从北京动身去上海。
Leave me alone! 让我一个人待一会儿！
Mary often leaves things at home. 玛丽经常把东西落在家里。
考点 4：quietly /'kwa tli/ adv. 轻声地；安静地
【用法 】 quietly adv. 意为“轻声地；安静地”。修饰动词或整句话。
其形容词形式是quiet，
【常用结构】 keep quiet/ be quiet 保持安静。
考点 4：quietly /'kwa tli/ adv. 轻声地；安静地
【例句 】
The mother leaves the bedroom quietly.
妈妈悄悄地离开了卧室。
With no noise, people stand there quietly with respect.
没有任何噪声，人们充满敬意地静静地站在那里。
Everyone keeps quiet in our English class, because Ms Li is really strict.
在我们的英语课上每个人都保持安静，因为李老师非常严格。
考点 5：noise /n z/ n. 声音；噪声
【用法 】 noise n. 声音；噪声。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。
形容词形式为 noisy，意为“吵闹的；嘈杂的”
【常用结构】make a noise/noises
制造噪声
考点 5：noise /n z/ n. 声音；噪声
【例句 】
—Do you mind the noise outside 你介意外边的噪声吗？
—Of course I do! I can’t stand all this noise.
我当然介意！我不能忍受所有的这种噪声。
Follow the rules. You mustn’t make any noise in class.
遵守规定。一定不要在课上制造噪声。
It’s too noisy here. I can’t fall asleep at all.
这里太吵了，我根本睡不着。
考点 6：turn off 关掉( 水、电或煤气)
【用法 】 turn off 常指关闭电源、水龙头或煤气等。动副短语，
如果宾语是代词，则放在 turn 和 off 之间。
【turn 的其他常见词组 】
① turn on 打开
② turn down 调低(声音)
③ turn up 调高(声音)
考点 6：turn off 关掉( 水、电或煤气)
【例句 】
Turn off the light before leaving the room. 离开房间前要关灯。
The water in the kitchen is running. Turn it off.
厨房的水在流，关上它。
Turn on the TV. A ping-pong match is covered live now.
打开电视，乒乓球比赛正在现场直播。
考点 6：turn off 关掉( 水、电或煤气)
【例句 】
The radio makes too much noise. Turn it down.
收音机制造太多噪声，把它的声音调低些。
I can’t hear anything. Turn the video up.
我什么也听不见，把录像声音调高。
考点 7：absent from 缺席；不在
【用法 】absent from 缺席；不在
absent adj. 缺席；不在
absent 的名词形式是 absence, 常构成短语 in one’s absence 背地里。
【例句】
The boy is often absent from classes. 那个男孩经常旷课。
You mustn’t be absent from the meetings without cause. 你不得无故缺席会议。
Don’t speak ill of a person in his absence. 不要在背后说别人坏话。
Exercises
Section A
用 can, have to/ must, can’t 或 mustn’t 填空。
1. I like doing morning exercises. It ________ help me keep healthy.
2. You ________ play soccer on the road! It’s too dangerous.
3.—________ I clean the room now
—No, you needn’t. You can do it this evening.
4. It’s raining outside. I ________ take an umbrella to school.
5. Helen ________ go shopping with me because her mother needs her to
help with housework.
can
mustn't
Must
have to
can't
从方框中选词并用其适当形式填空。
feed, belt, quiet, leave, absent
1. No one knows why he is ______ from the meeting.
2. When we are in a car, we must wear our seat ________.
3. My father has a big farm, and he ________ lots of animals every day.
4. When we are in the library, we should walk _________.
5. Jim usually ________ his home at 7:30 and gets to school at 7:50.
absent
belts
feeds
quietly
leaves
根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
1.插队是不礼貌的。
It’s not polite _________ ________ _________ ________.
2.我现在很忙。你不需要等我。
I’m busy now. You don’t need to ________ _______ me.
3.他有时因为生病而缺课。
Sometimes he _________ ________ _________ class because he is ill.
4.该上课了，不要在教室里制造噪音了。
It’s time for class. Don’t _________ ________ in the classroom.
to jump the queue
wait for
is absent from
make noise
按要求完成句子，每空一词(含缩略形式)。
1. My sister can play the piano well. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)
—_________ ________ ________ _________ the piano well
—________, _________ ________.
2. You must finish your homework now.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)
—________ _________ ________ my homework now
—No, _________ ________ _________ ________.
3. Open the door.(改为否定句)
________ _________ the door.
Can your sister play
Yes she can
Must I finish
you don't have to
Don't open
按要求完成句子，每空一词(含缩略形式)。
4. You can’t litter in the library.(改为祈使句)
________ _________ in the library.
5. You should respect and be polite to old people.(改为祈使句)
________ _______ _________ ________ ________ old people.
Don't litter
Respect and be polite to
根据所给图片及提示词，写出恰当的句子。
1. (not, here)
____________________________________
2. (no, eat, hall)
____________________________________
Don't/Do not take photos here.
No eating in the hall.
3. ( not, in, class)
____________________________________
4. (you, must, lake)
____________________________________
根据所给图片及提示词，写出恰当的句子。
Don't/Do not listen to music in class.
You mustn't swim in the lake.
选择恰当的情态动词或助动词填空。
Kate will go to her new school. She doesn’t want to be late on the first school day so she 1. ________ (can / has to) leave home early.
When Kate gets to school, she meets her teacher Miss Smith.
“Welcome, Kate!” Miss Smith says. “I’ll show you around your new school.”
has to
选择恰当的情态动词或助动词填空。
First, they walk to the hallway. “2. __________(Can’t/ Don’t) run in the hallways,” Miss Smith says to some boys. Then they come to the classroom.
“This is your locker, Kate. You 3. ____________(must / don’t have to) remember the password (密码).
And you 4. ________ (can / have to) leave your bag and jacket here,” Miss Smith tells Kate.
Don't
must
can
选择恰当的情态动词或助动词填空。
“I see, Miss Smith,” Kate says.
Then they come to the playground. “Kate, you 5. ________ (can / can’t) do sports with your classmates here, but you 6. ________ (can’t / don’t have to) take any food here,” Miss Smith says.
“I will remember that,” Kate says.
“Miss Smith!” a girl named Grace calls. “Jim threw(扔)a ball at me!”
can
can't
选择恰当的情态动词或助动词填空。
“Jim, 7. ________ (don’t / doesn’t) do that. Now you 8. __________ (must / don’t have to) say sorry to Grace,” Miss Smith says. “And you 9. __________ (have to / don’t have to) be sure not to do that again.”
“Sorry, Grace,” Jim says.
It’s time for class. Kate and all her classmates 10. ________ (can / must) go back to class.
don't
must
have to
must
How well can you do these things Very well OK Needs
work
1. I can use imperatives to describe rules.
2. I can explain rules using can,must, have to.
3. I can identify the signs and explain what they mean.
Self-assessment
Self-assessment
语言能力 我能讲出不同场合下的规则。
祈使句 肯定：动原+其他 否定：Don’t +动原+其他 No+ Ving No+名复
情态动词 can, have to / must, or can’t mustn’t
Self-assessment
核心素养 我能
学习能力 观察归纳总结语法的 form 和 meaning。
思维品质 使用肯定句和否定句进行警告命令或正面引导。
个人成长 强化日常规则。
Homework
制作交通规则标识并介绍。
提升作业
复习整理本节课所学习的语法知识
基础作业
设计一个认识日常标识的海报并介绍。
拓展作业
See You!

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