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二轮复习虚拟语气语法填空专题
考点一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用
真题体验
1. If I ______ (not see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.
2. Had you listened to the doctor, you ______ (be) much better now.
3. Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student ______ (not overcome) her difficulty.
知识点拨
1. 虚拟条件句的基本形式：在虚拟条件句中，根据与现在、过去、将来事实相反的情况，从句和主句的谓语动词形式有所不同。
- 与现在事实相反时，从句用动词过去式（be动词用were），主句用should/would/could/might + 动词原形。
- 与过去事实相反时，从句用had + 过去分词，主句用should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词。
- 与将来事实相反时，从句用should + 动词原形 或were to + 动词原形，主句用should/would/could/might + 动词原形。
2. 省略if的虚拟条件句：当虚拟条件句中含有were, had, should时，可以省略if，将were, had, should置于句首，构成倒装结构。
3. 错综时间虚拟条件句：主句和从句的动作发生时间不一致，需要根据各自的时间来调整谓语动词形式。
4. 含蓄虚拟条件句：假设的条件通过without（没有）、but for（要不是）、otherwise（否则）、or（否则）等词或短语，以及上下文语境来体现，而不是通过if引导的条件从句。
即时演练
1. If I ______ (be) you, I would accept the invitation.
2. If he ______ (not miss) the bus, he would have arrived on time.
3. Without your help, we ______ (not finish) the work so easily.
4. Had I known your address, I ______ (visit) you last week.
5. If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, we would stay at home.
考点二：虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
真题体验
1. The doctor recommended that he ______ (stay) in bed for a few days.
2. I wish I ______ (be) at the party last night, but I was busy with work.
3. It's high time that we ______ (take) measures to protect the environment.
知识点拨
1. 在wish/if only引导的从句中：
- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去式（be动词用were）。
- 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用had + 过去分词。
- 表示与将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用would/could/might + 动词原形。
2. 在would rather引导的从句中：
- 表示对现在或将来的虚拟，从句谓语用过去式（be动词用were）。
- 表示对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用had + 过去分词。
3. 在It is (high) time + that从句中：从句谓语用did或should + 动词原形，should不可省略。
4. 在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的动词（如suggest, order, command, request, demand等）后的宾语从句中：从句谓语用(should) + 动词原形，should可省略。但当suggest表示“暗示、表明”，insist表示“坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。
5. 在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的名词（如suggestion, proposal, order, request等）后的表语从句和同位语从句中：从句谓语用(should) + 动词原形，should可省略。
6. 在It is + 形容词（如necessary, important, vital, strange, natural等） + that从句中：从句谓语用(should) + 动词原形，should可省略。
即时演练
1. I wish I ______ (can) fly like a bird.
2. The teacher suggested that we ______ (read) English aloud every morning.
3. It's strange that he ______ (be) so rude to his parents.
4. I would rather you ______ (not tell) him the secret.
5. The order came that the work ______ (finish) before 5 o'clock.
【命题热点】
一、虚拟语气在语法填空中的命题点
A. 考查虚拟语气在不同时间的条件状语从句中的谓语形式变化。
1. If it ______ (snow) tomorrow, we would make a snowman.
2. If he ______ (work) harder last year, he would have passed the exam.
B. 考查省略if的虚拟条件句的倒装结构。
1. ______ (be) I you, I would think twice before making the decision.
2. ______ (have) he taken my advice, he wouldn't have made such a mistake.
C. 考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用，尤其是表示建议、命令、要求等从句的谓语形式。
1. My suggestion is that we ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem.
2. It is necessary that we ______ (wear) masks in public places.
D. 考查含蓄虚拟条件句的理解与运用。
1. But for the traffic jam, we ______ (arrive) on time.
2. Without water, life on earth ______ (be) impossible.
二、虚拟语气在短文改错中的增分点
A. 虚拟条件句中谓语动词形式错误，如与现在事实相反时用错be动词形式等。
If I was you, I would choose the red one.（was应改为were）
B. 名词性从句中虚拟语气的误用，如should的遗漏或多余。
The doctor suggested that he took a rest.（took应改为(should) take）
C. 虚拟语气与陈述语气的混淆，如suggest, insist用法错误。
He insisted that he paid for the meal.（paid应改为(should) pay，此处insist表示“坚持要求”，从句用虚拟语气；若表示“坚持认为”，则用陈述语气，如He insisted that he was right. ）
三、虚拟语气在书面表达中的增分点
1. 合理运用虚拟语气表达愿望、假设等，丰富文章语言。
要是我能时光倒流，我会更加珍惜过去的时光。（用虚拟语气翻译）
If I could turn back the clock, I would cherish the past time more.
2. 在阐述观点时，通过虚拟语气强调某种情况的重要性或后果。
如果每个人都能爱护环境，我们的地球将会变得更加美丽。（用虚拟语气翻译）
If everyone could take good care of the environment, our earth would become more beautiful.
【综合检测】
一、单句语法填空
1. If I ______ (have) enough money, I would buy a new car.
2. It's high time that we ______ (do) something to protect wild animals.
3. The manager demanded that all the reports ______ (finish) by the end of this week.
4. I wish I ______ (not make) such a stupid mistake yesterday.
5. Without your timely help, I ______ (not be) able to finish the task on time.
6. If it ______ (not rain) last night, we would have gone for a walk.
7. It is necessary that every student ______ (obey) the school rules.
8. I would rather you ______ (come) to the party tomorrow.
9. Had he ______ (catch) the early bus, he wouldn't have been late for school.
10. The teacher suggested that we ______ (start) the project as soon as possible.
二、语篇填空
Last night, I had a strange dream. In my dream, I was in a magical world. If I 1______ (want), I could fly in the sky like a bird. I visited many beautiful places. But then, I realized that I didn't know how to get back home. I was worried. Suddenly, an old man appeared. He told me that if I 2______ (find) a special key, I 3______ (be) able to open a door to my world. I started to look for the key. It was not easy. But for the help of some friendly animals, I 4______ (not find) it. Finally, I found the key. I wished I 5______ (wake) up at home immediately. When I opened my eyes, I was really in my bed. What an interesting dream!
答案
一、单句语法填空
1. had
2. did/should do
3. (should) be finished
4. hadn't made
5. wouldn't be
6. hadn't rained
7. (should) obey
8. came
9. caught
10. (should) start
二、语篇填空
1. wanted
2. found
3. would be
4. wouldn't have found
5. woke

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