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高考英语应用文写作功能性句型
一、解释原因
（一）说明原因的常用方法
1.因果连词法
连词(词组)：because (of), since, as, for, due to, owing to, thanks to，as a result of, as a consequence of
例：Owing to his hard work, he got promoted.
The activity was postponed due to the sudden heavy rain.
I recommend this book because it offers practical life advice.
高级替换：
表直接原因（运用从句）：
The reason why...is that...,
...lies in the fact that...
例：The reason why he is late is that he missed the bus.
表间接影响：lead to, result in, contribute to ，bring about, give rise to
例：Lack of exercise contributes to poor physical health among students.
2.分层递进法
用序数词或过渡词分点说明多重原因：
To begin with,… What's more,…Last but not least,…
First and foremost, ...Additionally, ...Finally, ...
On the one hand, ...On the other hand, ...
例：Why should we adopt pets instead of buying them
Firstly, it reduces the number of homeless animals.Moreover, adopted pets are often already vaccinated, which means less expense for new owners.
3.数据例证法
在正式文体中，用数据或事例支撑原因：
Statistics show that...,
Take...as an example,
According to a survey...
例：Online learning saves commuting time.For instance, 78% of students in our survey reported gaining 1.5 extra study hours daily.
I didn't like the movie because it was too boring.For example, there were no exciting scenes in the whole film.
（二）不同文体的应用技巧
1.建议信（Letter of Advice）
结构：问题 + 原因分析 + 建议
例： I suggest reducing plastic use in our school cafeteria.This is because plastic waste harms wildlife—a recent study found that 90% of seabirds have ingested plastic.By switching to reusable containers, we can directly address this issue.
2.申请信（Application Letter）
重点：将个人优势与申请动机结合
例： My passion for environmental science arises from volunteering at a nature reserve, where I witnessed how education can change people's eco-habits.This experience drives me to apply for your program.
3.演讲稿（Speech）
技巧：用反问句引发思考 + 排比增强气势
例： Why protect traditional culture Not only does it connect us to our roots, but it also inspires modern innovation.The Forbidden City's digital exhibitions, for example, attracted 15 million young visitors last year.
（三）高级句型
1.强调句：
It is the friendly atmosphere that makes our club unique.
2.虚拟语气：
Without your guidance, I would never have realized the importance of teamwork.
3.倒装句：
Only when we understand the causes can we find effective solutions.
4.使用分词结构
分词结构可以作为状语，简洁地说明原因。
例：Presented with a difficult problem, he felt very nervous.
面对一个难题，他感到非常紧张。
Encouraged by his teacher, he worked harder.
受到老师的鼓励，他更加努力了。
5.使用not only…but also 句型解释原因
I enjoy reading, which not only relaxes me but also allows me to explore new world.
二、重要性和必要性
（一）强调重要性的表达
1.常用词组
play a crucial/vital/key role in...
在...中起关键作用
例：Education plays a crucial role in personal development.
be of great significance/ importance
极为重要
例: It is of great importance to protect the environment.
be vital to 对…至关重要
例：A good education is vital to a person's future.
attach great importance to...
重视...
例: We should attach great importance to students' mental health.
2.重点句型
It is vital/essential/crucial to do sth/ that sb (should) do sth.
...是至关重要的
例：It is crucial to make the right decision.做出正确的决定至关重要。
What matters most is... 最重要的是...
例：What matters most is your attitude towards challenges.
There is no denying that... 不可否认...
例:There is no denying that technology has changed our lives.
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问
例：There is no doubt that learning a foreign language is important.
（二）强调必要性的表达
1.常用词组
have no choice but to do sth
别无选择只能...
例：We have no choice but to adapt to changes.
be a must. …是必须的
例: Cooperation is a must in the workplace.
2.重点句型
It is necessary/imperative to do...
必须做...
例：It is necessary to set clear goals.
It is imperative to take action now.
There is an urgent need for...迫切需要...
例：There is an urgent need for action against climate change.
Under no circumstances should we...
无论如何都不应...
例：Under no circumstances should we ignore safety rules.
It is required that...要求…
例：It is required that all students attend the meeting.
It is essential that + (should) do
非常重要
例：It is essential that everyone (should) participate actively.

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