资源简介

(共36张PPT)
（2024鲁教版）六年级
下
Unit 4 No Rules, No Order
第3课时（语法课）
Section A Grammar Focus（3a~3d)
Learning objectives
发现并总结祈使句和含有情态动词的句子中的动词的形态变化特点;
归纳和掌握祈使句的句式结构、意义和用法;
根据语境，正确运用情态动词 can、must、have to;
使用祈使句和情态动词谈论学习和生活中的规则。
在本节课结束后，我将能够：
Review
Let students talk about your school rules.
There are many rules in our school....
...
Lead in
Watch a picture and answer the question.
What rules do
they break
Revision
Read and complete with the right forms.
Mrs. Brown
_____(Walk) in the hallway. Don’t _____(run)!
Don’t ______(litter).
_____(be) polite and _____(treat) everyone with respect.
What rules does Mrs. Brown inform(告知) students
Walk
You mustn’t ______(wear) other clothes to school instead.
run
wear
litter
Be
treat
Can we ______(bring) our phones to class
No, we ______. We must _______(keep)
them in our lockers.
What rules are Tom and Anne talking about
bring
can’t
keep
Read the sentences in 3a and answer the questions.
Grammar Focus
3a
Do the verbs in bold need to change forms Why
祈使句
英语句子按照用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。
祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，否定式在动词原形前加don’t。
Do 型
Be 型
Let 型
No 型
Wear your uniform.
Respect your teachers and classmates.
/r spekt/
Be kind to your friend.
Be quiet.
Let me try.
Let him play.
No photos.
No littering .
禁止拍照!
禁止乱丢垃圾!
Walk in the hallway. Don’t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter. / You mustn’t litter. / You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No,we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class No,we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
情态动词can, must, have to 后面都接动词原形
Have a think:
1. 情态动词“can, must, have to ”在用法上有什么共同点？
2.情态动词 “have to”和其他情态动词在用法上有何区别？
3. have to和must有何区别？
have to有人称和数的变化。
have to“不得不”，为客观需要做的事情。
must“必须”，为主观的义务和必要。
3b
Grammar Focus
Complete the sentences using can,have to/must,or can't/mustn't in 3b.
must/have to
have to/must
can’t/mustn’t
have to /must
must/ have to
must/have to
can
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other sings
3c
Grammar Focus
Do not eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
You can’t/mustn’t eat or drink
Do not park.
No parking.
You can’t/mustn’t park.
Do not take photos.
No taking photos.
You can’t/mustn’take photos.
Do not swim.
No swimming.
You can’t/mustn’t swim.
Do not feed.
No feeding.
You can’t/mustn’t feed.
Find more imperative sentences in “Section A”.
Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time.
Don’t run in the hallways.
Don’t eat in the classroom.
Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy.
Wear the school uniform.
Be polite and treat everyone with respect.
Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question.
动词原形开头
Don’t+ 动词原形开头
Grammar Focus
Let’s practice
Don’t be
1. It’s an important meeting. (not, be) late.
2. (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. (not, talk) and (read) aloud.
4. The notice on the wall says “ ”. (no smoke)
5. (look) out! A car is coming.
6. (not, let) the baby cry.
7. Let’s (not say) anything about it.
Don’t talk
Don’t make
read
No smoking
Look
Don’t let
not say
3d
In groups, brainstorm three rules for one of the places below. Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean.
library school dining hall park cinema hospital
In the library, we must keep quiet. We mustn’t make noise. We can’t...
祈使句 (Imperative sentences)
/ m per t v/
祈使句Imperative sentences
命令
建议
祝愿
请求
警告
劝说
...
Help me, please.
Have fun.
Stand up.
No photos.
Let's start the party.
Don’t be sad.
Language points
一.祈使句的含义
祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、警告、劝说、号召等,其主语一般是第二人称,但是通常省略。
Please have a seat here.请这边坐。Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
Let me help you.让我来帮你。
2.祈使句的构成
祈使句的肯定式多数以动词原形开头,否定式通常在动词原形前加don’t。
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如请求、许可、意愿、可能等。
在形式上，情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。
有的情态动词没有时态的变化，如must。
情态动词本身不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用。
常见的情态动词有can、may、must、have to、should、would等。
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态,在句子中不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形连用。
1.can的用法
(1)表示能力(如体力和脑力方面),意为“能;会”。
My sister can walk now.我妹妹现在会走路了。
(2)表示许可,意为“可以”。
You can watch TV at the weekend.你可以在周末看电视。
Language points
二、情态动词(can,have to,must)
Walk in the hallway. Don’t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter. / You mustn’t litter. / You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No,we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class No,we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
情态动词can, must, have to 后面都接动词原形
Have a think:
1. 情态动词“can, must, have to ”在用法上有什么共同点？
2.情态动词 “have to”和其他情态动词在用法上有何区别？
3. have to和must有何区别？
have to有人称和数的变化。
have to“不得不”，为客观需要做的事情。
must“必须”，为主观的义务和必要。
Can you help me 你能帮我吗
[特别提醒] 把can放在句首便构成一般疑问句;在can的后面加not便构成否定句。
Can you speak French 你会说法语吗
You can't run in the classroom.你不能在教室里奔跑。
Language points
(3)表示请求,意为“可以;能够”。
2. 表示许可。
e.g. You can play basketball at the weekend.
We can’t run in the hallways.
Father said I could swim in the pool.
3. 表示请求。
e.g. Can you help me with my Chinese
could也可表示请求，但比can的语气更委婉。
e.g. Could you tell him to call me back
must意为“必须”,强调主观上认为必须要做某事;must的否定形式为mustn't,意为“不准;禁止”,表示语气较为强烈的禁止。
You must obey these rules.你们必须遵守这些规定。
Cars mustn't park in front of the gate.汽车禁止停在大门口。
3.have to 的用法
have to意为“不得不; 必须”,含有“被迫;强迫”之意。
We have to wear the school uniform on Mondays.我们周一必须穿校服。
[特别提醒] have to变疑问句或否定句时要借助助动词do/does,don’t/doesn’t have to表示“不必”。
You don't have to lie to me.I know that thing.你不必瞒我。我知道那件事。
Language points
2.must的用法
情态动词must的句型结构
- Must I be home before 8 o'clock
- Yes, you must. / No, you needn't/don't have to.
You mustn't speak like that.
He must wear a uniform to school.
③ 一般疑问句及回答：
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
② 否定句：_______________________________________
① 肯定句：_______________________________________
主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他.
主语 + mustn't/must not + 动词原形 + 其他.
- Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + must. / No, 主语 + needn't/don't have to.
mustn't表示 “不应该”、“禁止”、“不准”。语气比较强烈。
(1)must 通常表示的是说话人的主观看法,语气比较强烈,have to往往强调客观需要。
I must go now.我现在必须要走了。
It's a little late and I have to go now.时间有点晚了,我得走了。
(2)它们的否定式含义大不相同。mustn’t表示“不准;禁止”,而don’t have to表示“不必”。
You mustn't talk to your mother like that.不准和你妈妈那样讲话。
You don't have to come if you don’t want to.如果你不想的话,就不必来。
Language points
4.must与have to的区别
情态动词have to
have to 表示“不得不；必须”，强调客观需要，有“不得不、被逼无奈做某事”的意思。
have to既有人称、单复数的变化、也有动词时态的变化。
我们在图书馆里必须保持安静。
We have to be quiet in the library.
She has to do her homework first when she gets home.
她回家后必须先做作业。
I had to stay in bed last month.
上个月我不得不卧床休息。
(3)must一般只表示现在,没有人称和数的变化,而have to则可以用于不同的时态,有人称和数的变化。
I/We/You/They must do something about it.我/我们/你(们)/他们必须为此做点什么。
I have to finish my work today.我今天必须完成工作。
She has to finish her work today.她今天必须完成工作。
They had to get to the station before 5:00 p.m.他们得在下午5点前到达车站。
Language points
4.must与have to的区别
词语 意思 相同 例句
have to 第三人称单数_____ ,疑问句或否定句要借助________,否定形式表示________ 因为他的自行车坏了,他不得不步行去上学。
must 情态动词,否定句mustn't意为_______,否定回答可以用_______或_________ 我们必须努力学习。
我必须打扫所有的房间吗？
(否定回答)
不得不
后跟动词原形
has to
do;does
“不必”
He has to walk to school because his bike is broken.
必须
“禁止”
needn’t
don’t have to
We must study hard.
Must I clean all the rooms
No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
祈使句
祈使句的定义
祈使句的基本结构
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，往往省略。
祈使句的动词都为动词原形。
Do型
Be型
Let型
其他类型
肯定句：实义动词原形+宾语 (+其他).
否定句：Don't+实义动词原形+宾语 (+其他).
肯定句：Be+表语 (+其他).
否定句：：Don't+be+表语 (+其他).
肯定句：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 (+其他).
否定句：
No + V-ing / 名词！
Never代替Don't来加强语气。
Don't+let+宾语+动词原形 (+其他).
Let+宾语+not+动词原形 (+其他).
can
表示请求、许可，意为“可以”
肯定句：主语 + can + 动词原形 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + can't (cannot) + 动词原形 + 其他.
一般疑问句及回答：
- Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + can. / No, 主语 + can't.
相同点
和不同点
must
表说话人的主观看法，表示必须、必要
肯定句：主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + mustn't/must not + 动词原形 + 其他.
have to
表示“不得不；必须”，强调客观需要
一般疑问句及回答：
- Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + must. / No, 主语 + needn't/don't have to.
肯定句：主语 + have/has/had to + 动词原形 + 其他.
否定句：
主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't have to + 动词原形 + 其他.
一般疑问句及回答：
- Do/Does/Did + 主语 + have to + 动词原形 + 其他
- Yes, 主语 + do/does/did. / No, 主语 + don't/doesn't/didn't.
特殊疑问句：
疑问词+do/does/did+主语+have to+动词原形+其他
情态动词
I.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填写单词
1. The shop is verY busy so you have to wait at a long ________ (队)。
2. Our monitor is usually the las ________ (leave) school in our class.
3. John wasn’t able to answer it because he was_________(缺席的) from school for a long time.
Some leaves from trees fell into the river __________ (轻声地) in autumn.
5. The farmer ______ (feed) the chickens and milks the cows every day.
queue
to leave
absent
quietly
Exercises
feeds
II.根据汉语意思完成英语句子（一空一词）
1.我们能把手机带到班里吗
Can we bring _________ ________to class
2.我们能在课堂上吃零食吗？
Can we eat _______ _______ _________
3.请一定要注意交通规则。
Please ________ ________ ______ the traffic rules.
4.父母和学校有时候对我们很严格，但是，请你记住，他们制定规则是为了帮助我们的。
Parents and schools are sometimes _________ _________ us, but remember, they make rules to help us.
our phones
snacks in class
pay atention to
strict with
Checklist Be able to use imperatives ☆☆☆
Be able to use the modal verbs must/can/have to ☆☆☆
Be able to read and tell rules in your daily life. ☆☆☆
Self-assessment
1. Make up five cool rules for your dream school.
Homework
2. Brainstorm three rules for one of the places below. Then draw signs to show the rules.

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