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人教版九年级英语Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.
语法知识点：过去完成时
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点
概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　
构成：主语+had+过去分词（p.p），其中 had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
　　She had finished the homework by 10 ：00 this morning.
　　①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词.
　　②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.
　　③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词
　　 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had
　 　 否定回答：No,主语+hadn't
　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？
⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词
二、过去完成时的判断依据
（1）特定的时间状语
① by +过去的时间点 表示“到...为止”
He had finished reading the book by 10 o’clock yesterday.
到昨天10点前， 他一进读完了这本书。
② by the end of +过去的时间点 表示“到...结束前”
We had learned a lot of English songs by the end of last term.
到上学期期末为止我们已经学了很多英文歌曲。
③由by the time, before, when 等引导时间状语从句时， 主从句的动作发生有先后，动作在前的用过去完成时。
By the time I went outside, they had already left.
The train had already left when I got to the station.
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(2) 具体的语境（看动作是否发生在过去的过去）
① 主句为一般过去时， 且宾语从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时， 从句要用过去完成时。
She said that she had seen the film before.
她说她以前已经看过这部电影了。
② 上下文语境。
I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
过去完成时的具体用法
过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
他说他以前见过你。
He said that he had seen (see) you before.
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。
到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。
By six o’clock they had worked (work)for eight hours.
我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。
When I came to GZ , he had been (be) there for a long time.
3.过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet等连用表示过去的过去。
他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。
He told me that his team _________ already ___________ (win).
她说她仍没去过长城。
She said that she _______________(not go to) the Great Wall yet.
注意：一般过去时、现在完成时与过去完成时
1.一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或 存在的状态。
例：We started to learn English 5 years ago. 我们五年前开始学英语。
5 years ago now
2. 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现 在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词 have（has）+过去分词” 。
例：We have learned English for 5 years. 我们已经学了五年的英语了。
5 years ago have learned now
3. 过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前 已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，即
“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。
例：We had learned English for 4 years by last year.
到去年为止，我们已经学英语四年了。
past in the past past now
综合练习
一、单项选择题
1．___________last weekend, I had finished most of the work.
A．By the end of B．At the end of C．In the end D．To the end
2．By the time I locked the door, I realized I ___________my key at home.
A．has left B．had left C．would left D．leave
3． By the time I got to the cinema, the film ____ for twenty minutes.
A．has been on B．had begun C．had been on
4． Nancy ____ lots of charity work in her free time before she worked for The Red Cross.
A．does B．has done C．would do D．had done
5． Luckily, the rain ____ by the time we reached the foot of the hill.
A．stops B．stopped C．has stopped D．had stopped
6． —Did you see the basketball star yesterday when he came to visit our school yesterday
—No, by the time I got to school, he____.
A．has left B．had left C．leaves
7． The research into Mars is very important to humans. So far, about ten rovers (探测器) ____ on Mars successfully.
A．landed B．are landing C．have landed
8． It's bad luck today! By the time I got to the train station, the train ____ for ten minutes.
A．had been away B．will be away C．has been away
9． By the time Jack was fourteen years old, he ____ a story book on his own.
A．would publish B．has published C．published D．had published
10． They had planted 10,000 trees ____ of last month.
A．in the end B．to the end C．at the end D．by the end
11． When I got home, I realized I ____ my keys in the classroom.
A．left B．leave C．have left D．had left
12．—Lucy，did you catch the train to Wuhan yesterday
—No，it ____ for 10 minutes by the time I got to the station.
A．has left B．had left
C．has been away D．had been away
13． By the time I got to the airport, the plane ____.
A．took off B．has taken off C．had taken off
14． Mum was surprised to find her little son ____ all her suitcases already.
A．was packing B．has packed C．had packed D．would pack
15． By the end of last year, more than 50 students of that school ____ Fudan University.
A．had entered B．will enter C．are entering D．have entered
16． By the time my parents reached home yesterday，I ____ the dinner already.
A．had cooked B．cooked C．have cooked D．was cooked
17． By the time the rescue（营救）men came to help, Jack ____to get out of the burning house.
A．managed B．has managed C．had managed
18． It's bad luck today! By the time I got to the train station, the train ____ for ten minutes.
A．has been away B．will be away C．had been away
19． Before I met Julie's uncle at the restaurant yesterday afternoon, I ____him.
A．have never seen B．had never seen
C．will never see D．never see
20．It was at least 10 years since I ______ a good drink.
A．had enjoyed B．had been enjoying
C．have enjoyed D．have been enjoying
21．—Did you meet Tom at the airport
—No, he____ by the time I________ there.
A．had left; got B．had left; arrived
C．left; arrived D．left, had got
22．Cheng long __________ many difficulties before he became a famous actor.
A．experienced B．had experienced
C．experiences D．was experiencing
23．By the time we got to the station, the train for ten minutes.
A．has left B．has been away C．had left D．had been away
24．By the time I got to the bus, I realized I ________ my school ID card at school.
A．left B．have left C．had left
25．Linda said she _________ the school band since 2003.
A．has joined B．had joined in
C．has been a member of D．had been in
二．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. When I got there, the bus _________ (go).
2. By the time I got to class, the teacher ___________ (start) the class.
3. We _____________ (learn) over 1,000 words by the end of last term.
4. I ___________ (clean) the room before he arrived here.
三．根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘在家里了。
_______ I got to school, I realized that I ______ ______ my backpack at home.
2.到我返回学校的时候，铃声已经响过了。
_____ _____ _____ I got back to school, the bell ______ _______.
3.我到达公共汽车站之前， 汽车已经离开了。
Before I _____ _____ the bus stop, the bus ______ _______ _______.
参考答案
一．单选题
1-5ABCDD 6-10BCADD 11-15DDCCA 16-20ACCBA 21-25ABDCD
二．用所给词的适当形式填空。
had gone 2.had started 3.had learned 4.had cleaned
三．根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.When；had left 2.By the time; had rung 3.got to; had been away 4.

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