资源简介

可数名词与不可数名词
一、名词的分类
名词的分类
普通名词 专有名词
可数名词 不可数名词 人名、地名、国家名、机构、团体名称等
个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词
二、定义
可数名词是可以用具体数字计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。
不可数名词是不可用数目来计算的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。但在某些具体情况下也可以用复数。
三、可数名词与不可数名词
可数名词 不可数名词
分单、复数两种形式 desk-desks bus-buses 没有复数形式 tea meat
前面可用基数词、不定冠词修饰 three boys an orange 不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰，若表示数量可用“单位词+不可数名词” a piece of paper two cups of tea
可数名词的复数前可many,some, any修饰 many teachers some friends 可用much, some, any修饰 much bread some milk
[特例清单]
有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同
work(工作)--a work(著作)
glass(玻璃)--a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸)--a paper(报纸;文件;试卷)
tea(茶)--a tea(一种茶)(表示种类)
wood(木头)-- a wood(小树林)
room(空间)--a room(房间)
chicken(鸡肉)--a chicken(小鸡)
light(光，光线)--a light(电灯)
fish(鱼肉)--fishes( 各种各样的鱼)
exercise(锻炼，运动)--exercises(习题)
life(生活)--lives(生命)
orange(橘子汁)--an orange(橘子)
time(时间)--times(倍, 次数)
hand(帮助)--a hand(手)
radio(无线电)--a radio(收音机)
四、可数名词单数
a/an常表示泛指某一事物/人，即不确定 1. a用于辅音音素开头的单词: a book, a dog, a butterfly 2. an用于元音音素开头的单词: an egg, an insect, an old woman 3. the常表示特指或独一无二，即确定 e.g. the boy over there那里的那个男孩儿 the sun/moon/earth/sky太阳/月亮/地球/天空
五、可数名词单数变复数的规则: .
(1) 规则变化
1 一般在词尾 加-s apple-apples book-books
2 以s,x,ch, sh结尾 加-es glass-glasses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes
3 以f, fe结尾 变f或fe为v,再加-es leaf-leaves knife-knives wolf-wolves life-lives
加-s roof-roofs belief-beliefs
4 以y结尾 辅音+y:去y+ies baby-babies city-cities family-families
元音+y:+s boy-boys toy-toys day-days key-keys
5 以辅音字母+o结尾 有生命+es potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes Negro-Negroes黑人 mango-mangoes芒果
无生命+s piano-pianos photo-photos kilo-kilos radio-radios zoo-zoos
不规则变化
1 改变单数名词中的元音字母 (1)a-e man-men woman-women policeman-policemen Frenchman-Frenchmen
(2)oo-ee foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese
2 词尾有变化 +en ox-oxen
+ren child-children
ouse-ice mouse-mice
3 一些集体名词只表示复数概念 people police cattle(公牛)
4 单复数同形 sheep deer fish
5 表示“某国人” 加-s Greek-Greeks希腊人 Swede-Swedes瑞典人 Danish-Danishes丹麦人 Dutch-Dutches荷兰人 Spanish-Spanishes西班牙人
三国人单数复数同形 Chinese Japanese Swiss
复数把man变成men Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen Dutchman-Dutchmen
其他各国人以-an,-ian结尾的均直接加s American-Americans美国人 German-Germans德国人
6 复合名词变复数 （1）一般只将主题名词变为复数 girl friend-girl friends apple-apple trees
（2）当复合名词前的名词是man/woman时，两部分都要变复数 a man driver-men drivers a women teacher-women teachers
7 只有复数形式 trousers裤子 clothes衣服 shorts短裤 glasses眼镜 jeans牛仔裤 chopsticks筷子
[特例清单]
1."数词+名词+形容词"构成的复合形容词，中间的名词须用单数形式。
five-year-old 5岁大的
a five-pound note 一张5英镑的纸币
a six -foot-deep hole 一个6英尺深的洞
2.以-s结尾的名词，有的作单数使用，有的作复数使用。
(1) 以-s结尾的学科类名词，一般是不可数名词。
例: maths, physics, politics
表示由两部分构成的物体的名词,其形式上可数，若表达具体数目时，要借助数量词pair来表示，其单复数形式取决于pair的单复数形式。
例: a pair of trousers-条裤子
以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名词，看作单数名词。
例: The New York Times(《纽约时报》)
以-s结尾表示国家组织或公司名称的专有名词，通常被看做单数。
例: the United States(美利坚合众国)
以-s结尾表示群岛、山脉、瀑布等自然景观的专有名词，通常被看做复数。
例: the Olympic Games(奥林匹克运动会)
the+姓s，如 the Smiths
不可数名词
（一）不可数名词分类
粉类 flour面粉，bread面包，sand沙子，sugar糖
材料 paper 纸，cotton 棉花，glass 玻璃，wood 木材, wool (羊毛)
肉类 meat肉，beef牛肉，chicken鸡肉，fish鱼
自然界的事物 light 光线，snow, thunder (雷), lightning (闪电) , air (空气)
液体 juicy果汁, water水，oil 油，vinegar 醋
抽象 beauty漂亮traffic 交通，money 金钱
膏状物 chocolate巧克力，cheese 奶酪，ice cream冰淇淋
学科 chemistry 化学，math 数学
（二）不可数名词的数量
1.通常我们会用一些修饰词或量词去表达不可数名词的数量。
（1）修饰： some (一些),any (一些), much (许多), a lot of (许多) a little (一些) little (几乎没有)
e.g. There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
There isn't any water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有任何水。
There is much water in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多水。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多水。
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
There is little water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水。(几滴)
量词 单数结构: a/an/the+ 单数量词+ of... a pair of shoes 复数结构: 数量(two/three) +复数量词+of... two cups of milk
2.[常见量词词组]
单数 复数
个数单位词 piece 张 a piece of advice two pieces of advice
drop 滴 a drop of ink three drops of ink
容器单位词 pile 堆 a pile of wood four piles of wood
cup 杯 a cup of coffee seven cups of coffee
glass (玻璃)杯 a glass of milk eight glasses of milk
bottle 瓶 a bottle of juice nine bottles of juice
box 盒、箱 a box of chalk ten boxes of chalk
bag 袋 a bag of flour eleven bags of flour
度量衡 单位词 pound 磅 a pound of meat fourteen pounds of meat
kilo 公斤 a kilo of oil two kilos of oil
[注意]有量词看量词(有量词修饰名词时，量词的单复数，决定谓语动词的形式) e.g. The bar of chocolate tastes nice. These bars of chocolate taste nice.
[特例清单]
（1）不可数名词表示数量时，可用a lot of, much, little,a little,some, no等修饰
例: I want some water.我想要一些水。
（2）不可数名词表示一定的数量时，可借助可数名词，用“a+ 可数名词+of+不可数名词"结构。表示复数意义时，把可数名词变为复数形式
例: He needs two pieces of paper.他需要两张纸。
3.既可数又不可数的名词
既可数又不可数的名词
可数 不可数
paper 论文报纸 纸
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
hair 几根头发 头发
iron 烫斗 铁
fish 鱼 鱼肉
room 房间 空间
work 作品 工作
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
time 倍数，次数 时间
life 生命 生活
sand 沙滩 沙子
food 强调事物的种类 食物总称
experience 经历 经验
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
time 次数，倍 时间
orange 橙子 橙汁
exercise 练习 锻炼
七、可数名词与不可数名词的用法区别:
(1)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词只有单数形式。
例: apple--apples( 可数名词)
bread(不可数名词)
(2)不定冠词a/an、基数词可直接修饰可数名词,表示数量;而不可数名词在表示数量时,则用“冠词/基数词+表示计量单位的名词+of+不可数名词”。
例: an apple一个苹果
two bananas两根香蕉
a piece of bread-片面包
two spoons of salt两勺盐
(3)可数名词复数前可用many, few, a few,等修饰;不可数名词前可用much, little, a little,等修饰。
例: many potatoes许多土豆
a few minutes几分钟
much housework许多家务活
a little water 一点水
*注意:有些词是既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词的, 如:some, any, a lot of, lots of等。
(4)可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数保持一致。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
例句: There are two apples on the table.
There is some water in the glass.
注意:当不可数名词前表示计量的名词是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例句: There are two glasses of water on the desk.
(5)提问可数名词的数量用how many;提问不可数名词的数量用how much。
例句: How many bananas do you have
How much yogurt do we need
练习
一、请写出下列词的复数形。
city
country
tooth
map
boy
car
tree
horse
bus
baby
family
radio
photo
piano
knife
life
man
woman
child
foot
this
watch
day
book
sheep
box
paper
water
tomato
milk
rice
people
orange
class
bed
toy
Chinese
potato
二、单项选择
1. The______ in our yard are very beautiful.
A. cloth B. water C. flowers
2. Tom is one of the Chinese______ in our school.
A. boy B. boys C. boies
3. A cat has four______ , doesn't it
A. foots B. feet C. feets
4. The______ has two______.
A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch
5. I saw many______ in the street.
A. Peoples B.people C.people's
6. They come from different______.
A.country B. countries C. a country
7. How many______ do you see in the picture
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato
8. They are______.
A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher
9. I eat three______ in the morning.
A. potatoes B. potatos C. tomatos
10. My uncle has three______.
A.child B.childs C.children
11.The boy is a______.
A. Chinese B. Japaneses C. Germans
12.There are four______and two______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans
13. There are 25______in our class.
A. girl student B. girls students C. girl students
14. Can you see nine______in the picture
A. sheep B. dog C. pig
15. Her two brothers are both______.
A.policeman B. policemans C. policemen
16.The boys have got______already.
A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread
17.The old man wants______.
A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples
18.There______some______in the river.
A. is, fish B. are, fishes C. is, fishs
19.In Britain _____ are all painted red.
A. letter boxes B.boxs C. letter box
20.I want to buy ________.
A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks
三.填入所给名词的正确形式
I. I have two___________(knife)
2. There are many___________here. (box)
3. There are many___________on the road. (bus)
4. A few___________are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5.The___________are playing football now. (child)
6. Please take two___________for me. (photo)
7. I like the red___________.(tomato)
8. Would you please clean your___________now (tooth)
9. Do you want some____________ (milk)
10. There are ten___________in our school. (woman teacher)
11.The deer has four _________.(foot)
12.Her two brothers are both _________(policeman).
13.There are four ___________ (Japanese) and two _________(German) in the group.
14.Can you see nine _________(horse) in the picture
15.The boy has two __________ (watch).
16.There are lots of _________(potato) in the basket.
17.The cat caught( 抓住了) two__________ (mouse) last night.
18.There _________ (is)some __________(milk) in the bottle.
19.I want to have some __________(food).
20.He gives me some __________(money) as a reward(奖赏).
答案：
cities,these,countries,watches,teeth,days,maps,books,boys,sheep,cars,
boxes,trees,paper,horses,water,buses,tomatoes,babies,milk,families,rice,radio,people,
photos,pianos,orange,knives,classes,lives,beds,men,toys,women,Chinese,children,potatoes,feet
二、1-5CBBBB 6-10BBBAC 11-15ACCAC 16-20 CABAA
三、1.knives 2.boxes 3.buses 4.boys 5.children 6.photos 7.tomatoes 8.teeth 9.milk 10.women teachers
11. feet 12. policemen 13. Japanese, Germans
14. horses 15. watches 16. potatoes
17. mice 18. is, milk 19. food 20. money

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