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Unit 8 What are the shirts made of
一、词形变化：
1.environment（n）--__________ (adj.自然环境的) 2.leaf（n.）--_______(pl.) 3.produce(v.)--________(n.产品)
4.wide(adj.)--_______ (adv.广泛地，普遍地) 5.German(n.德国人)--_________(n.德国)6.compete(v.)--________
(n.竞争者)--____________(n. 竞争)7.history(n.)--________(adj.历史的) 8.hot(adj.)--_________(n.高温v.加热)
二．重点短语:
1.be made of... __________2.be made in... __________3. environmental protection ____________4. be famous for…=_____________5. 据我所知_______________ 6. on the sides of mountains__________7.手工_________
8. all over the world________ 9. according to_________10.be covered with…___________11. in trouble ______
12. paper cutting________13. a fairy tale___________14. at a very high heat___________
三. 重要知识点
1. 被动语态 (Passive Voice)
(1)被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作________者。
(2)被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(此处be 是_______词，有__________________的变化)
一般现在时的被动语态结构为：____________________________
(3)被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思
如何理解被动语态？
为更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较:
主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分
如： Many people speak English.
被动语态 English is spoken by many people.
即时练习：
把下列的主动句变为被动句。
People play football all over the world.
The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.
Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.
被动语态的几种句型
1.肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by…)
Eg：A sweet song is sung by her on the stage.
2.否定句 主语 + be + not +过去分词 + (by…)
Eg：A sweet song isn’t sung by her on the stage.
3.一般疑问句 Be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)
Eg：Is a sweet song sung by her on the stage
4.特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)
Eg：Where is a sweet song sung by her
按要求改写下列句子。
1.Do you water your flowers every day (变为被动句)
2. This English song is sung by the girls after class.
① 改为否定句
②改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答
③对划线提问
(4)含有双宾语的句子变被动语态：
双宾语：即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。
Eg： Jack told us the truth.（变为被动语态）
We were told the truth by Jack.
　 The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
练习：He passes me the football. (改成被动语态)
I _____ ______ the football by him.
The football ______ ______ ______ me by him.
(5)动词的主动形式表示被动之意
1)系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有： be动词, look, seem, appear, feel, sound,
smell, taste等
Eg： It smells terrible. That sounds good.
2) 不及物动词sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
Eg： This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。
3)下列动词(词组)没有被动式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, come out, cost, take
Eg：An accident happened yesterday.
练一练：
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
①Sunglasses __________ (use) for protecting people’s eyes.
②A picture _________ (put) up on the blackboard.
③French ___________ (speak) in France.
④Which language _______ the most widely _______ (speak) in the world
⑤The students _____ often _____ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
⑥Vegetables, eggs and fruits _________ (sell) in this shop.
选择：
① Cotton (棉花) ______ in the southeast of China.
　　A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
②【湖北黄石】This pair of shoes _______ hand, and it ______ very comfortable.
A. is made with; is felt B. are made from; is felt C. are made of; feels D. is made by; feels
③(湖北）—Your bedroom is so clean.
—Of course. It ______ every day.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned
④【江苏常州】This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ______ well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
⑤【河南】 — Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself.
— Sorry. The book you ask for______ out.
A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold
⑥【湖北宜昌】 — At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
— More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering
⑦【湖北襄阳】— Didn’t you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right
— Sorry, I didn’t. But now I know parking _______ here
A. wasn't allowed B. isn't allowed C. won't allow D. doesn't allow
⑧【广西南宁】 Han Han’s books are popular. They _______ by many teenagers.
A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read
⑨【广东梅州】The child without parents ______ good care of by his teachers in this special school.
A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes
⑩【浙江宁波】 — Have you finished your project
— Not yet. I’ll finish it if I _______ ten more minutes.
A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given
2. 衬衫由什么制成？What are the shirts of
总结： ：由....制成，一般能看出原材料，或发生的________变化
：由....制成，一般不能看出原材料，或发生的_______变化
_____ ：指的是产地，，意思为"于…制造"。
_____ :"被制成为…"
_______ ：由...... 构成/组成，一般是多种构成。
练一练：
①I like the dumplings made ________ my mother best. ②Do you know wine is made______ grapes
③The desk is made __________ wood . ④Paper is made__________ wood .
⑤The team is made________ 30 students and a teacher .⑥This kind of watch is made _________ Shanghai.
⑦My sweater is made _________ wool(羊毛). ⑧This wood will be made _______desks and chairs.
3.Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. 安溪和杭州以茶叶而广为人知。
【解析1】widely adv. 广泛的，普遍的 wide adj.宽阔的
Eg：Her books are _________ __________. 她的书被广泛阅读。
【解析2】be known for…“以…闻名，为人知晓”，相当于“be famous for…”
be known as…“作为…出名”，相当于“be famous as…”
Eg: Tai’an is ____________Mount Tai.
Yang Liwei is _____________ an astronaut.
4.No matter what you may buy, you might think….
【解析】no matter“不论，无论”，常与what、who、how、when、where等疑问词连用，引导_______状语从句。 拓展：“no matter+疑问词”可用“疑问词+ever”替换。
Eg：______ ______ _______you go, never forget you are a Chinese.无论走到哪里，都不要忘了你是个中国人。
=________________ you go, never forget you are a Chinese.
5.Laura is trying to find out more about… .劳拉正在试图找出更多关于…
【解析】 辨析find/look for/find out
这三个词都有“找”的涵义，但具体用法有别：
A. look for：“寻找”，强调动作。
B. find：“找到”“发现”，强调“找”的结果，宾语往往是某个丢失的东西或人。
C. find out：“弄清楚”“”，着重表示通过一个曲折过程查明某个情况、事实。
练一练：
(1)Please ___________when the train leaves．请查一下火车什么时候离站。
(2)—Did you ________ Li Ming yesterday？ —No，we____________ him everywhere，but didn't __________ him.
6. The international kite festival is held in …every year. 国际风筝节每年在…举行。
【解析】hold　( held, held) ①容纳;②举办;③抓住
【短语】hold a sports meeting 举行一场运动会 hold on 别挂电话,稍等 hold on to （doing）sth. 坚持（做）…
练一练：
① You have a good dream. Don’t give it up!
A. Stop it B. Hold on to it C. Hold it back D. Don’t take it out
②The sports meeting ___________(hold) in our school twice a year.
③【安徽】 — May I speak to Mr. Smith _____ ,please. I’ll see if he is in.
A. Look out B. Hold on C. Keep up D. Come on
④This hall can ____________400 people. 这个大厅能容纳400人。
7. He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble. 当遇到麻烦时，他放天灯来寻求帮助
【解析】send→ sent → sent send out 发送；派遣；放出
【短语】send for… 派人去请；派人去拿 send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物
练一练：
①【四川】 ---- Drunken drive is dangerous, isn’t it
---- Yeah. That is why drunken driver___ to prison even without causing accidents.
A. sent B. are sent C is sent D. are sending
②We must _______ a doctor, he is badly ill. A. send to B. send for C. send out
8. They are made of bamboo and covered with paper.它们是由竹子制成的，并被纸覆盖住。
【解析】cover v. ①包括；涉及=include ②覆盖 be covered with…被......盖住
cover sth. with sth 用某物覆盖某物
n. 封面；盖子
练一练：
①In the winter, the mountain is __ white snow. A. cover; with B. covered; with C. cover; under D. covered; under
②This book must be Tom’s, because his name is on the c__________ of it.
9. When the lanterns are lit, they slowly rise into the air like small hot-air balloons for all to see.当灯笼被点亮的时候，它像一个小气球一样慢慢升向天空，让所有的人都能看见。
【解析】light 小结：
(1) v. 点亮,点燃 → lit/lighted→lit/lighted
(2) adj. 轻的 （反义词：heavy ）
(3) n. 灯 turn off the light light bulb 电灯泡
(4) adj.浅色的 （反义词：dark） light green
(5)n. 光线(不可数n.)
Eg:① I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette.我看见他走进房间,坐了下来,点燃了一根香烟。
②I can't read while you are standing in my light.你挡住了我的光线，我没法看书。
③He turned off the light before going out.他出门前把灯关掉。
④This is a heavy box, and that is a light one.这是一个重箱子,那是一个轻箱子。
⑤Her fine light hair fell over her cheeks.她的浅色的美丽头发遮住了脸颊。
⑥【连云港】— I didn’ t expect to see you studying at the library so early in the morning.
— ____, huh
A. Every dog has its day B. Many hands make light work
C. The early bird catches the worm D. Too many cooks spoil the broth
10 .The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story.陶土作品通常是可爱的孩子，或是中国童话故事或历史故事中生动的人物。
【解析】live，lively，living，alive区别
live adv./adj.读作[laiv]，“现场的；活着的,活生生的”，只用于物，可以做前置定语；
lively adj. “生动的，活泼的”，可以做定语、表语或宾补；
living adj. 表示“活着的”，作表语或前置定语，可修饰人，也可修饰物；
alive adj.“活着的”，多用于人，与dead相对；可以做表语、后置定语或补足语。
①Mrs. Brown always makes his class _____ and keeps his students ___ in class.
A. alive ; interesting B. lively; interesting C. alive ; interested D. lively; interested
②Air is everywhere and it gives life to every ______thing.
③The boy looked ___, but his weak breath suggested that he was still____.
A. died; alive B. died; living C. dead; alive D. dead; lively
11.The pieces are carefully shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry. 这些（泥制）作品通过手工用一种非常特殊陶土精心塑形，之后再自然晾干。
【解析】allow sb. to do sth允许某人做某事 sb. be allowed to do sth 某人被允许做某事
allow doing sth 允许做某事
练一练：
①We don’t allow ___________(smoke) in the reading room.
②Our teacher allows us ____________(go) out for a walk.
③The boy should be allowed__________(play) after supper.
四.书面表达：
本单元涉及的话题是“中国制造的东西”，话题作文通常会涉及民间艺术以及文化传承。这是一个适合记叙、说明两种体裁相结合的话题，同时也是学生喜欢写、有话写的题材。写好这类文章，最重要的是准确捕捉写作的“精髓”，有条理的把要描述的某一事物展现出来，此类话题的写作要立足事实、表达真情实感。
写作此类话题作文的常用表达有：
(1) China is famous for… (2) It’s great that China is so good at…
(3) …wish that in the future…will… (4) These usually try to show…
(5) They are seen as symbols of…
1.【典型例题】 假如你是韩梅，远在美国的笔友Linda给你写信了，信中，Linda向你了解中国有什么著名小吃。请根据表格提示给Linda回信。
民间小吃 糖葫芦（tanghulu）
原料 山楂（haw）,有些地方的糖葫芦用草莓（strawberry）、葡萄（grape），甚至小苹果等制成
历史渊源 据说，宋代（the song dynasty）一位皇帝妻子曾因吃了糖葫芦治好了病，因此流传下来
象征 幸福和团员
【优秀范文】
Dear Linda,
You asked me what famous snacks there were in my country. Well, in my country, one of the most famous snacks is tanghulu.
Each different part of China has different tanghulu. It is usually made of haws, which are put together on a stick and covered with ice sugar. But there are more materials for tanghulu today in some places, such as strawberries, grapes, and even little apples.
It is said that tanghulu ever saved the life of an emperor’s wife in the Song Dynasty. It was so delicious and healthy that many Chinese people like eating it. It is now seen as the bright symbols of happiness and reunion.
Are you looking forward to eating it Come to my country, and I’ll treat you to tanghulu.
Yours，
Han Mei
2.My city, Suzhou, is famous for its silk quilts. These quilts are made of pure silk. They are made by skillful workers in many silk factories in the city. The silk quilts are used to keep people warm and comfortable in bed. They are known to be very comfortable because they are light and soft to touch. In addition, they look beautiful as they are decorated with beautiful patterns. Many people from all over the world come to Suzhou to visit the silk factories and buy not only the silk quilts but many other silk products too.

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