资源简介

传统文化——必备词汇
1. Lantern Festival 元宵节
2. Embroidery 刺绣
3. Double-Ninth Festival 重阳节
4. Tomb Sweeping Day 清明节
5. paper cutting 剪纸
6. Siheyuan/Quadrangle 四合院
7. Warring States 战国
8. Kunqu Opera 昆曲
9. Flower Drum Song 花鼓戏
10. Confucian culture 儒家文化
11. Tang Poetry 唐诗
12. Tang Dynasty 唐朝
13. Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
14. Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 京 剧
15. Beijing Roast Duck 北京烤鸭
16. New Year's Eve 除夕
17. lunar calendar 农历
18. the Palace Museum 故宫博物院
19. traditional Chinese festivals 中国传统节日
20. protecting traditional Chinese culture 保护中国传统文化
传统文化——必备句子
1. There are lots of places of interest in Beijing.
2. There are many places of interest where you can experience the traditional Chinese culture in Beijing.
3. I'm glad to hear that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals.
4. As one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it has been enjoying great popularity in our country
5. My favorite Chinese festival is the Spring Festival which comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year.
6. In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture.
7. In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.
8. In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively.
一篇好的书面表达，不仅要有亮眼的词汇，语法正确的句子，还要条理清晰地阐述自己的观点，并做到有理有据。下面我们就结合考题来看一看有关传统文化写作的题目和范文。
传统文化——写作题目与范文
（一）
某中学生英文报就“保护中国传统文化”为主题举行英语征文活动。你准备给该报投稿，稿件内容包括：
1. 保护中国传统文化的重要性
2. 列举1-2个你所知道的国家或当地政府文化保护的事例;
3. 谈谈你对文化保护的建议。
注意：
1. 字数：120词。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Protecting Traditional Chinese Culture
Protecting traditional Chinese culture is of great importance to China's cultural diversity, economic prosperity, and social development. The government in Guangdong province has made it their mission to protect Chaoju (潮剧), a local form of dramatic theatre that began in Chaozhou in eastern Guangdong.
In my opinion, specific measures should be taken to protect traditional Chinese culture. To start with, we should make appropriate laws for everyone to follow. Also, we should educate people about the need to protect traditional culture. The more the public knows about it, the more support we can get.
It's time that we start treasuring our own valuable culture.
（二）
假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸 (paper-cutting) 艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 展览时间、地点；
2. 展览内容。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear Mr. Henry,
I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student of yours. I'm writing to invite you to join me in visiting a paper-cutting exhibition, where you can have a close look at traditional Chinese culture as you always wish.
The exhibition will be held from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Friday in Renmin Park, which is just two blocks away from our school. We can get there by taking Bus Line 101 or Subway Line 2.
As is advertised, there will be all sorts of paper-cutting unique to China on exhibition, and whoever present will be given a work of a paper-cutting as a gift. For someone so fond ofChinese culture like you, it is absolutely a great opportunity you can't miss.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
（三）
假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 内容：学习唐诗；
3. 课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear Leslie,
How are you I'm writing to tell you about your next Chinese lesson.
We'll still meet at my school, but not on Saturday as usual, since I'll have to participate in a sporting activity that day. So let's make it three o'clock on Sunday afternoon.
As you know, in order to acquire a good knowledge of Chinese, you should learn more about Chinese culture and history. Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese. I advise you to learn about the brief history of the Tang dynasty in advance. It will surely help you learn the poems.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua邀请信模板
Dear ,
I’m writing to invite you to-------------.(发出邀请)
There are some points you may want to know about----------------. (活动主题)During ________, we will have lots of activities you are interested in .(活动的具体内容)First,---------------.(活动介绍一)Second,----------------.(活动介绍二)
I believe that you will be very interested in . For one thing/First, ________. For another/Second, ________(受邀人参加的理由)
Since the ________ will begin ________, is it possible ________ I really hope you can come/I’m looking forward to ________.(提出希望)
Yours________
感谢信模板
Dear,
Thank you very much for/Thanks a lot for/Many thanks for ------------/I’m writing to you about my gratitude for---------------/I’m very grateful to you for---------------.(开门见山地交代感谢原因)
But for/Without your help,----------------------.(从反面衬托对方的作用)/It’s very kind of you to--------------.(从正面说明对方的作用)
I hope to have the opportunity to express my gratitude to you/repay your kindness. I will feel very honored and pleased if -----------------------.(提出回报对方的方式)Would you please let me know (希望对方给予回应)Thank you again for what you have done.(再次表达感谢)
Yours sincerely,________
道歉信模板
Dear,
I’m so sorry to tell you that----------------.Now, I am writing you this letter to show my deep regret.(就某事道歉)I do hope you can understand me and excuse me for ________(希望得到谅解)
I will be very grateful if you are kind to listen to my explanation. The reason for my delay/absence was/is that-----------------. Therefore,-----------------.(解释原因)
I wonder if ________.(询问对方能够接受补救方案)
Sincerely yours,________
建议信模板
Dear,
I am very------------------to know that----------.(写信的原因)I’m looking forward to-------------.(表示期待)
I’m afraid that------------.(表述提出建议的原因)I’d like to suggest that -----------------. First--------------- ; then-------------------(提出建议)
I believe this kind of arrangement will ------------------ .(建议的作用)
Moreover, if--------------------, it is necessary for you to---------------------------------.(补充建议)
Wish-----------------.(祝愿)
Yours sincerely,________
咨询信模板
Dear,
I am -------------------.(自我介绍)I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding---------------.(要询问的内容)
First of all, what are-------------- Secondly, when will -------------------- Thirdly, is------------- (要咨询的问题罗列)
I would also like to inquire . Could you be so kind to send me some relevent booklets on the above-mentioned aspects (附加问题)
Thank you for your kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated.(表示感谢)
Yours sincerely,________
电子邮件模板
Dear,
I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that .(寒暄句加主题句)
(扩展句一)
(扩展句二)
(扩展句三)
I will greatly appreciate a response from your earliest convenience./I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.(结束主体段落)
Best regards.(结束语)
Sincerely yours,________
演讲稿模板
Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen,-----------------------------It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.(表示荣幸)My name is----------------------.(自我介绍)The topic of my speech is---------------------------.(提出演讲主题)
To begin with, many people suggest that------------------.(话题或现象列举)Secondly----------------------- Thirdly-----------------------------------
What I want to stress is that---------------------.(重申主题)For one thing,--------------------- . For another,-------------------- . Besides, ------------.(原因或重要性列举)In a word,---------------------------.(总结)
Thank you for your listening/Thank you.
口头通知模板
Ladies and gentlemen,
May I have your attention, please I have an announcement to make.(称呼语及开场白).
(正文部分，说明具体通知事项)
All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes./Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Make sure you’ll come on time and don’t be late.(说明通知对象和注意事项)
Please come and join in it./Everybody is welcome to attend it./I hope you’ll have a nice time here.(重申希望大家参加之情)
That’s all. Thank you.(结束语)
说明原因型模板
Nowadays, there are more and more------------------in some big cities. It is estimated that------------------(用具体数据说明某现象)
Why have there been so many---------------- Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first reason is that---------------(原因一)Besides,------------------(原因二)The third reason is-------------.(原因三)To sum up, the main cause of is due to------------------------.(指出主要原因)
It is high time that something should be done. For one thing,--------------.(解决建议一)For another thing, ------------------ . All these measures will certainly .(解决建议二)
问题解决型模板
In recent days, there has been a problem , which is becoming more and more serious.(说明问题及其现状)First,-----------------------. Second,------------------.(进一步阐释现状)
We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ________. For another thing, ________. Finally, ________.(列举解决该问题的方法)
Personally, I believe that ________/Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________.(结尾段，指出＂我＂的信心及理由)
谚语型议论模板
What I have known about is that -------------------.(具体描述某事物)
Firstly,----------.(描述要点一) .(具体阐述要点一)Secondly, --------.(描述要点二) (具体阐述要点二). As a college student,-----------.(结合自身描述要点三)
All in all,---------- .(做出总结)Therefore, we should--------- .(提出建议)
正反观点对比型模板
There is a widespread concern over the issue that---------------. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.(引出话题)
A majority of people think that ----------------(观点一)In their view there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: In the first place, ----------------.(支持观点一的原因一)In the second place, -----------------.(支持观点一的原因一)So it goes without saying that -----------------.
The other people, however, differ in their opinion on this matter. They hold the idea that------------------.(观点二)In their point of view, on the one hand,------------------- ; on the other hand,------------------.(支持观点二的原因)Therefore, there is no doubt that-------------------------.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that-----------------. It is not only because-----------------------, but also because ------------------. The more---------------, the more--------------- .(＂我＂的观点)
利弊对比型模板
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over------------------------.(引出话题或对象)
In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in ------------------------- . Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly,---------------.(优点一)And secondly, -------------------- .(优点二)
Just as a popular saying goes, ＂Every coin has two sides.＂ is no exception, and in other words, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ------------------.(缺点一)In addition,---------------------------- .(缺点二)
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of-----------------------------.(总结)
图画作文模板
As is vividly shown in the picture, ---------------------.(描述图画内容)The picture/cartoon informs us of the phenomenon that ------------------ .(图画反映的现象)
These may/might be several factors contributing to/responsible for the phenomenon/problem. To start with,--------------. Secondly,--------------- . What’s more,--------------------. Last but not least, -------------.(说明原因)
In my opinion, the government/the school/we should take measures to/something must be done to---------------. Only in this way can the problem be really solved./ Only when everyone can do so will our world become more and more beautiful.(解决问题的方法)
图表作文模板
As the bar chart shows,---------------.(说明图表反映的问题)
Several factors contribute to--------------- . And, ---------------- . Furthermore,------------------ . All these result in ---------------- .(分析问题产生的原因)
However,---------------is faced with some problems. With------------------, the effect of -------------------is not only discouraging, but also challenging. So my principle is to pay your attention to -------------------------------------, but not just to -------------------------- .(提出解决措施)1.感恩类常用词汇
1.thank sb. for sth. /doing sth. 因某事而感激某人
2. be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感激某人
3. express/ convey my sincere thanks to sb. for sth. 向某人表达我诚挚的谢意
4 make great／good progress 取得很大的进步
5.in/during/over the past/last four years 过去四年
6. be admitted to/into a university 被一所大学录取
7.say thanks to you for helping me 谢谢你帮助我
8. thanks to/owing to/because of your help 多亏了你的帮助
9.enjoy myself 玩得高兴
10. have a better understanding of… 对……有更好的理解
11.enrich our knowledge and broaden our horizons
2.道歉类常用词汇
1. keep promise 信守诺言
2. be absent from 缺席
3. apologize to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
4. make an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
5. say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉
6. beg your forgiveness for 恳求你的原谅
7. cause inconvenience 造成不便
8. miss the appointment错过/取消约会
9. make up for.…弥补 10. express my regret表达我的道歉
11. it is considerate of sb to do sth体谅
12. accept my apology接受我的道歉
13. have no choice/option but to do sth.除了做某事别无选择
14. make a choice选择
3.活动类常用词汇
1.be present ( at) 出席
2.be absent from. 缺席
3.express one’s opinion 表达某人的观点
4.choose sb. as 选择某人作为……
5.attend a lecture/meeting 听课／参会
6.give a lecture/speech 做讲座／演讲
7.take part in/participate in an activity 参加活动
8.be organized by. 由……组织
9.be expected to do.被期待做某事；有望做某事
10.will be held 将被举行
11.take measures/steps/action to…采取措施
12.be aimed/intended to do.打算……
13.with the aim/intention/purpose of.目标是
14.sign up for/register for签到／报名参加
15.be invited t osp 被邀请去……
16.bring sth. with sb. 某人带来某物
17.be required to do 被要求做……
18.take notes 做笔记
19.inform sb. of sth.. 告知某人某事
4.求助类常用词汇
1.have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难
2.do sb. a favor/give sb. a hand 给某人帮助
3.ask for help/seek for help 寻求帮助
4.encounter some problems 遇到一些问题
5.be busy/occupied/engaged in doing sth. 忙于做某事
7.make preparations for.… 为某事做准备9.put...inuse/practice 学以致用
10.letsb. down 让某人失望
11.overcome the fear 克服恐惧
12.be anxious/eager to do sth./long to do sth. 渴望做某事
13.offer some constructive guidance提供一些有益的指导
14.be grateful/thankful to sb.for sth.因某事感激某人
5.通知类常用词汇
1.inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
2.introduce sth.to sb. 向某人介绍某物
3.provide some information for sb. 为某人提供一些信息
4.work out my schedule 制订我的计划
5.as follows 列举如下6.show sb. around... 带领某人参观某处
7.have a try 试试看，尝试一下
8.sign up for.. 报名参加
9.wok as/serve as/act as. 任……职，当……
10.mean/intend to do sth. 打算做某事
11.spare some time to do sth. 抽出时间做某事
12.take a course 参加一门课程
13.pay a visit to..… 去参观
14.make a difference 有影响；起（重要）作用15.hesitate to do sth. 犹豫，有所顾虑
16.be scheduled at/on... 被安排在
17.make preparations for.. 为……准备
18.make an arrangement for sth. 为……做安排
19.be intended to sth. 打算，意图
7.申请类常用短语
1. apply for 申请
2. graduate from 毕业于
3. major in 主修
4. be skilled in/a... 在……方面熟练
5. be good at..…/be expert in.. 擅长/精通于……
6. have a good command/knowledge 掌握/能驾驭
7. be competent for. 胜任
8.be fit/suitable for/be qualified for 适合/有……的资格
9.have rich working experience 有丰富的工作经验
10.cooperate with 与（某人）协作，合作
11.come out top 名列前茅
12.be bound to... 肯定，注定，必定
13.good grades 良好的成绩
14.be paid by the hour 按小时发工资
15.present address 现在的通讯地址
16.working experience 工作经历
17.a win-win activity 一个双赢的活动
8.咨询类常用短语
1.inquire about sth. 询问……的情况2.seek for sth. 寻求
3.obtain some information 获得一些信息4.regarcding/concerning/with regard tosth. 关于
5.provide sb. with sth. 提供给某人某物
6.inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
7.prompt/immediate reply 及时的回复
8.take into account of sth./take sth. into account 考虑到……
9.detailed information 详情
10.be grateful/obliged to sb. for sth 因某事而感谢某人
11.express one's appreciation for.. 对某事表示感激
12.be concerned about... 对……关心
13.attend a summer school 参加暑期学校
14.during the summer vacation 暑假间
15.a six-week English course 一个为期六周的英语课程。
16.per week 每周
17.as for 至于，关于
18.including extra fee for sth. 包括……额外费用
19.cover the entrance fees ..怎么样？（提出建议或用以引出活题）
20.What about..… /How about.… ……怎么样？
9.邀请类常用词汇
1. 邀请 invite/ invitation
2. 做演讲 make/deliver a speech
3. 评委 judge
4. 感激 appreciate (vi. )/ be grateful
5. 荣幸 honor (v./n.)
6. 欢迎 welcome (v./n./adj.)
7. 接受邀请 accept sb’s invitation
8.代表学校 on behalf of our school
9. 我想邀请你做... I’dlike to invite you to...
10. 举办活动的目的是... The purpose of the activity is to11. 活动的细节有... Here are some details about the activity...
12.如果……我将感到荣幸 It’s my honor if...
13.欢迎你参加 You are welcome to... 高频动词
1. 认为/宣称：believe/insist/maintain/hold/argue/assert/declare/claim
＊allege/reckon/contend
2. 反对：disagree/argue against/object/oppose/contradict
＊dispute/quarrel/refute
3. 同意：agree/in favor of
＊consent/comply/concur
4. 导致：cause/result in/lead to/contribute to
＊bring about/give rise to
5. 影响：influence/impact/affect
＊have influence on/make a difference
6. 解决：solve/work out
＊tackle/resolve/address
7. 处理：deal with/handle
＊manage/cope with
8. 从事：carry out/be engaged in
＊undertake/embark on/devote oneself to
9. 需要：require/call for/demand/request
＊necessitate/yearn for/hunger for/be desperate for
10. 增进/提高/促进/增强：improve/enhance/boost/promote/advance
＊strengthen/optimize/augment
11. 培养：develop/cultivate
＊foster/nurture
12. 确保：assure/ensure/guarantee/promise
＊pledge
13. 减轻/消除：relieve/lighten/take away/eliminate
＊clear up/smooth away/alleviate
14. 相联系：connect with/relate to
＊contact with/link to/associate with
15. 依赖于：depend on/rely on/rest on
＊count on/lean on/reckon on/bank on
16. 忽视：ignore/overlook/neglect/pass over
＊turn a blind eye to/disregard
17. 改变：change/vary/alter/transform/convert
＊modify/shift/reorganize
18. 认出/指出/辨别：recognize/tell from/distinguish
＊spot/pinpoint/differentiate
19. 伤害：damage/destroy/weaken
＊devastate/impair/ruin/spoil
20. 意识到：be aware of/realize/recognize
＊sth down on sb/come to realize
21. 激发/唤起：encourage/motivate/stimulate
＊spur/trigger/intrigue/provoke/evoke
22. 完成：complete/finish
＊fulfill/achieve/accomplish/realize
23. 保留/保护：keep/hold/preserve/conserve
＊retain/reserve/safeguard
24. 组成/占据：
comprise/compose/consist of/be made up/occupy/take up
＊account for/constitute
高频名词
1. 人：individual/people/folk/person
＊character/citizen/dweller
2. 老年人：old people/the old/the elderly/the aged
＊senior citizens
3. 孩子/青少年：children/kid/teenager/youngster/youth
＊adolescent/juvenile
4. 影响：impact/influence/effect
＊impression
5. 好处：advantage/strength/merit
＊upside/boon/strong point
6. 坏处：disadvantage/weakness/demerit
＊downside/bane/weak points/drawback/flaw
7. 原因：reason/factor/cause
＊causation
8. 发展：development/progress/growth
＊advancement/evolution/innovation/prosperity/blossom
9. 能力：ability/power/skill
＊capacity/competence/talent
10. 多样性：diversity/difference/variety
＊range/variation
11. 职业：job/career/employment/vocation/position
＊profession/occupation
12. 压力：stress/burden/pressure
＊tension/strain
13. 娱乐：enjoyment/entertainment/amusement
＊pastime/recreation
14. 老师：teacher/educator/lecturer/tutor
＊instructor
15. 教育：education/schooling
＊family parenting/upbringing
16. 环境：environment/circumstance
＊surrounding/atmosphere/ambience
17. 社会/公众：society/the public/general public
＊community/the masses
高频形容词
1. 重要的：important/significant/vital/key/pivotal
＊critical/crucial/indispensable/imperative/salient/paramount
2. 积极的/好的：beneficial/positive
＊favorable/profitable/rewarding/aspiring/advantageous
3. 消极的/坏的：harmful/negative/damaging/detrimental
＊destructive/devastating
4. 常见的/普遍的：usual/common/regular
＊widespread/habitual/typical/universal/prevalent
5. 充足的/丰富的：adequate/abundant/sufficient
＊ample
6. 流行的：popular/fashionable/prevailing
＊prevalent/pervasive
7. 明显的：obvious/apparent/remarkable
＊manifest/crystal-clear/conspicuous
8. 现代的：modern/current/present
＊up-to-date/contemporary/updated
9. 相似的：similar/alike
＊resembling
10. 健康的：healthy/fit
＊robust/sound/wholesome
11. 有活力的：energetic/vigorous
＊dynamic/animated
高频副词
1. 急剧地：dramatically/sharply/hugely/markedly
＊drastically/enormously/substantially/significantly/considerably
2. 平稳地/逐渐地：steadily/smoothly
＊gradually/moderately/mildly
3. 大约：about/almost/nearly
＊roughly/approximately
4. 毫无疑问地：doubtlessly/undoubtedly
＊unquestionably/beyond any shadow of the doubt
高频短语
1. 大量的：a host of/a vast number of/a vast amount of/a great deal of
＊an array of/an army of/an ocean of/a sea of/a multitude of
2. （在）当代：at present/in contemporary society/in this day and age
＊in present-day society/in modern age
3. 事实上：actually/in fact/in practice/as a matter of fact
＊virtually/in essence/in reality
4. 换言之：that is to say/in other words
＊to put it from another way/to put it from another angle
5. 与……相比：compared with/in comparison with
＊by contrast/on the contrary
6. 充满了：be filled with/be full of
＊be inundated with/be awash with
7. 努力：struggle for/strive for
＊spare no efforts/aspire to do
核心词汇
解决：solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
培养：develop, cultivate, foster, nurture
优势：advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
缺陷：disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
使迷惑：puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
重要的：key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, integral, imperative, pivotal
认为：think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue
确保：assure, ensure, guarantee
有害的：bad, baneful, evil, harmful, detrimental
要求：request, demand, need, require
消除：eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away, get rid of
导致：lead to, bring about, result in, cause, induce, generate, provoke, evoke, trigger, stimulate
宣称：allege, assert, declare, claim
发生：happen, occur, take place
发展：development, advance, progress
有益的：useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding, advantageous
影响：influence, impact, effect
明显的：clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear, transparent
事实上：practically, in practice, in reality, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact
逻辑性接词
表示原因的连接词：because; for; as; since; because of; owing to; due to; thanks to; as a result of; result from
表示结果的连接词：thus; hence; so; so that; therefore; as such; as a result; as a consequence; consequently; accordingly; correspondingly; for this reason; in/under such circumstances
表示相似点的连接词：like; likewise; too; also; similarly; as well; equally important; not only...but also; in the same way/manner
表示不同点的连接词：unlike; despite; instead; yet; but; though; although; rather; however; despite; in spite of; instead of; in contrast; in contrast to; whereas; while; whilst; nevertheless; on the contrary; on the other hand
表示转折的连接词：but; yet; however; nevertheless; nonetheless
表示例子的连接词：for example; for instance; such as; including; like; as; take...as an example; say; go as follows; go like this
表示顺序的连接词：first (second); firstly (secondly); initially; at the very beginning; to begin with; then; next; at first; previously; before; after; afterwards; meanwhile; in the meantime; at the same time; at last; last but not least; lastly; finally; in the end
表示空间位置的连接词：in front of; behind; on the right; on the left; on the right-hand side; on the left-hand side; in the middle; at the upper right-hand side; next to; adjacent to; near to; nearby; opposite to; at/on the top; at the bottom; at the lower left-hand side; among; between; under/below/beneath
表示递进的连接词：and; besides; moreover; what is more; furthermore; in addition; in addition to; additionally正确选项的十大特征
1. 正确答案通常与文章中心思想，主旨大意，作者对文中论述事物所持的观点态度有关。
注意：这是解题基调，如果作者在文中对整个事物是持积极正面的评价，那么选项中出现消极反面的，与事实相反的肯定不是解。
2. 正确答案所在位置：
① 首段段尾句；② 转折处；③ 因果关系处；④ 条件关系处。
3. 正确答案设置的特点往往利用同义词的替换，或者正话反说，反话正说。
4. 正确答案从语义上去理解经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的词：can may might，possible，notnecessarily，some尤其是推理题的答案常这样设置，以显示推理题所论述含义的相对性。
5. 正确答案具有概括性（考察考生的理解归纳能力），深刻性，因为其考查的对象是阅读文章的重点和要点。
6. 难的最可能是答案。这与命题动机有些相似，难的比容易的更能考察考生对语言的理解能力，具体体现在下面几个方面：
① 否定的比肯定的难，否定的是答案(包括否定，双重和多重否定)。
② 抽象的比具体的难，抽象深刻的是答案，具体肤浅的不是。
③ 动态变化的比静态的难，动态变化的是答案。
④ 未知难于已知，未知的是答案。
7. 正面积极、符合逻辑的是答案，内容负面消极、不合逻辑的不是答案。（中考作为国内较高层次的考试，相信没人会冒天下之大不韪，引导考生走向歧途，因此，积极的、与客观真理相符合的是答案）
8. 常规的不是答案，观点新且合理的是答案。（具体情况具体分析）
9. 含义与文章内容方向一致的，描述客观的是答案。
10. 选项含义丰富有弹性的是答案，绝对的无端的不是答案。具体体现在：
① 特殊说明的是答案。
② 不肯定的是答案，部分的是答案。
③ 有条件的是答案，相对的是答案。
注意：四个选项中有两项意思相反时，其中必有一个是答案。
错误选项的十大特征
1. 无中生有
2. 常识判断：符合常识的不一定是答案，不符合常识的一定不是答案
3. 正反混淆
4. 答非所问（答案不错但不符合要求）
5. 过分绝对（always、often、absolutely、completely，no+名词）
6. 扩大范围
7. 因果倒置
8. 盲目推证
9. 偏离中心
10. 偷换概念
前六种相对容易判断，后四种要利用文章的逻辑关系才可判断出来。
具体技巧
1.原句重复出现，200%错。正确的都是有改动的，即同义替换。
2.文章是按顺序出题的。你要觉得不是，就是你做错了。
3.选项中意思完全相反的2个选项，其中之一是对的。(要有这个意识)
4.就一般而言，some people，表作者不认同的观点，few people，表作者的观点。
5.用文章里举例的句子来作为选项，直接排除。200%错。(要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力)。
6.某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。即题眼。
7.有的时候，一句话可以设2个问题。不过这种情况很少出现了，非常少。
8.文章基本以5段为主(也有6段、7段的)，要把握每段之间的关系。一般来说，一段一个题，只是一般来说喔。
9.一篇文章总会有5、6+个长难句，且总会在这里设问题。所以，长难句必须要拿下!
10.每段的第一句很重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。考研英语，总分结构或者总分总的段落很多。
11.若文章首段以why为开头的，这里若设题的话，选项里有because的，往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题，很少见了。
12.有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是，作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词你要找出来。
13.在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。这和7选5的技巧有些相似。不过这种情况并不多见。
14.一个长句看不懂，接着往下看，下一句可能是这个长句的解释说明。是的话，这个地方可能会出题。出的话，答案就在这附近。而实际情况是，文章在谈论某个问题或提出某个观点时，有时会再做进一步的解释说明。这种情况下，这里往往会设问题。不过，这种情况很少见了。
15.有些句子仅仅是解释补充，或者是起过渡作用的。这样句子的特点是，句子比较短。注意，答案一般不会在这儿出现。选项中出现，肯定是干扰项。你要知道的是，同意替换的句子，大都是长难句。一些作为过渡的句子，不可能是答案。在你读不懂的情况下，要有这个判断力。
16.正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历年的所有真题，都是同意替换!就看你能不能找得到。那个关键词，就看你找没找得到，不管是什么类型的题。
17.每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。
18.选项中的几个单词，是该段中不同句子里的单词拼凑的，有时看上去很舒服，注意，干扰项。还有从不同的段落里的词拼凑到一起的，直接排除。总之，选项的单词是拼凑的，肯定错。
19.一定要注意文章中句子的宾语部分，尤其是长难句中主干的宾语。上面说了，考研英语大都是长难句里设题。你要知道的是，长难句里，最可能是出题的就是句子的主干部分!主干的主语、宾语是什么，一定要知道。正确选项的题眼往往就在这儿。当然，还有一些起修饰、限定作用的词，一定要看仔细。小心陷阱。
20.若某个问题，是特别长的一个句子，一定要看清问的是什么，别打马虎眼。这是做题时需要留意的地方。
21.注意问题的主语是谁，它和原文题眼的主语原则上是一致的。主语不一致，一般来说，都是错的。
22.即第6条，某某人说的话，尤其特别长的句子，或者是带引号的。60%以上会出题。题眼就在这儿。这里又提了一遍，就是要引起你的重视。
23.错误的选项，往往是就文章某一方面而说的，其特点是：所涉及的，仅仅是某一个小问题，或者很具体，非常具体的一件实事。200%错误选项。一定要会识别。
24.中国人出的题，多是总-分结构，或者总-分-总。所以每段开头结尾，都要注意。(这里指的是中间没有出现转折的段落)。整篇文章的开头结尾。也要重视。
25.文章的结构，要么总-分或总-分-总，要么转折、对比，要么举例说明。就这么几个套路。
26.对选项中的“重点词”(即主语、宾语、修饰语)都要看清楚。有的时候，选项中，会对原文中本来正确的事做错误的修改，来作为干扰项。你要注意的是，选项句子的主语(与原文)是否一致、宾语是否符合原文意思，或者用一些牵强的修饰词，来做一些特殊的限定。要看清楚。这是干扰项的特点之一。
27.某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的。正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感彩的词。做题时，要有这个意识。
28.就某个词或者某个句子设问题，不用猜词。就一条，文章主旨！不用去研究这个词什么意思，把握主旨即可。全文主旨和段落主旨(前者更重要)。
29.接着28条说，不管什么题型，上面说的还是其他别的题型。很绝对的说，反映主旨的肯定对，前提是你能确定它就是主旨。
30.注意中心句(即题眼)和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的，还是转折关系。这里出题的话，要把握和前后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词。是转折关系的，就通过转折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。前提是在你读不懂的情况下。
31.凡是举例的，都是为了说明观点的。那么，这个观点(中心句)，一般来说，会在举例之前就表达了。但有时候也在举例之后。总之，作者举例想说明的这个观点，你一定要找出来。
32.排除2个选项以后，选出和文章主旨相关的选项即可。不知道主旨就把握关键词。
33.词汇题的正确答案，往往隐藏在原文的该处附近(就是那个同义替换词)，原文这附近的句子，是并列关系或者解释说明句的，就从这些句子的关键词的相近意思去把握。是转折关系的，就从关键词的相反意思去把握。总之，你要找的就是那个关键词。和30条一起理解吧。
34.如果原文中出现“ A is B and C”。若某一问题，选项中出现了B没C，或者只出现C没B。肯定错，直接排除。可能你会问了，同时出现B and C 咋办 目前还没出现过这种情况。注意，这里说的B和C，是单词或者短语。这是干扰项的特点之一。实际情况是，这个句子不是题眼。
35.接34题说，还一种情况是，若B和C是2个长句子，中间用分号隔开的。且这两个句子都是作者想表达的，选项中都出现了。一般来说，选项中会对其中之一做错误的修改来作为干扰项。而另一个是对的。(不过总体来说，这种题型非常非常少见。我在这里想说的是34条。这样的干扰项，你要会识别。)
36.注意几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while 有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。
37.如果你对“关键词”比较蒙，或者你想问：我怎么知道哪个是关键词 解释一下，关键词就是句子中主干的宾语。尤其是一些你觉得比较重要的句子。这样的句子多数是长难句。一般来说，一个句子主干的主语，宾语，和其他的修饰部分，都是很重要的! 宾语是主语的宾语，所以，和主语是要对上号的，对不上不行。(也就是26条的主语是否一致)至于修饰的部分，干扰项常常在这里做手脚，比如会有一些特殊的限定，千万要留意，别疏忽了。
38.什么是中心句 即反应文章的主旨和每一段的中心意思的一句话。这句话是客观存在的。也就是作者的观点。中心句即题眼，选出正确答案，看的就是中心句。只有中心句才能选出正确答案。所以，中心句不知道在哪，或者读不懂，很难选出正确答案。中心句的具体位置，见下条。
39.很关键的一条，抓住每段的中心意思，也就是中心句。每段至少一句，最多2句。一般来说，总分结构的段落，中心句一般在段首。举例段一般在举例前后。转折段，中心句在出现转折的地方，或者后一句(一般来说在该段的第三行上下浮动)。再就是某某人说的话。要注意这句话和前后句的关系，是并列还是转折。然后来把握这句话的意思，把握不了就通过前后句是并列还是转折关系的关键词来把握。
40.每个问题，要还原到文章具体的某一段落。若此问题在某段的后半部分，且你没有太看懂，这段已经完事了。要养成一个习惯。接着看一下段的第一句话。实在做不出来的话，就选那个和下一段第一句话的意思差不多的选项。只能这样了。(貌似是13条的重复)补充下，这只是小技巧，只起补充作用，有时候用不上。节日1：春节
题目
假定你是李华你的美国朋友Mike想了解中国的春节, 请你给他写封回信介绍这个节日。要点如下:
1. 春节的由来及寓意；
2. 春节的庆祝活动；
3. 邀请他来中国欢度春节。
范文
Dear Mike
In your last letter, you mentioned that you want to know something about the Spring Festival. I am writing to tell you about it.
The Spring Festival has a long history, which was originally celebrated to scare away a fierce beast1 "Nian". Slightly different from that in the past, it is now given new meanings and regarded as a way for people enjoy the reunion with their families2 however far they live or work. 1 On the New Year’s Eve, each family has its members gathered together3. They tell each other their lives4 in the past year exchange gifts5 and eat a lot of delicious meals in the warmth of the family1. Children can get lucky money2 in red envelops. People have a good time, holding opera performances6, and other celebrations.
I hope you will come here and experience this wonderful festival.
Yours,
Li Hua
节日2：元宵节
题目
假设你是李华，你的美国笔友John对于中国的元宵节感到好奇，请回复John一封email, 内容包括：
1. 元宵节的起源（起源于汉朝，始于皇帝祭祀天上的神仙）
2. 元宵节的主要习俗（吃汤圆，赏花灯，猜灯谜等）
3. 邀请John来中国亲自体会元宵节。
参考词汇：
1.元宵节：The Lantern Festival
2.汤圆: glutinous rice balls
3.花灯展: lantern shows
4.猜灯谜：guess riddles on hanging lanterns
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
4.信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总字数。
范文
以下作文属于龚露老师原创，如有不足，敬请指出，谢谢谢谢！
Dear John
Hope this letter finds you well. With regard to your last letter concerning the Lantern Festival in China, I'd like to specify the following details for you.
The Lantern Festival, falling on Jan 15th of the lunar calendar, traces back to the Han Dynasty. Legend has it that Emperor Hanwu will worship the immortal beings on this particular day, hoping they will bring bliss and happiness to his reign.
Highlights of this festival include sampling delicious glutinous rice balls, appreciating boats with lanterns of all shapes and colors drifting down the big canal or guessing riddles on hanging lanterns, all of which promise an enriching visual and audio feast for every one of its celebrators.
Why not join our family in observing this special festival next year I guarantee this will be a once-in-a-lifetime experience for you.
Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours
Lihua
节日3：端午节
题目
假如你是李华, 你的美国笔友杰克对中国的端午节比较感兴趣, 请你写一封回信, 简单介绍端午节的来源, 习俗, 历史, 并邀请他来中国体验端午节。
范文
Dear Jack,
I’m glad to learn from your email that you long for the knowledge1 about the Dragon Boat Festival, one of the Chinese conventional festivals1.
As we know, the Dragon Boat festival falls on May 5th on the lunar calendar. So vital is the festival to people that almost everyone celebrates it in China. 1 Firstly, I want to tell you something about the origin2 of the festival. There are two main characters in the story. One is Qu Yuan and the other is Wu Zixu. Qu Yuan was not merely an extraordinary poet3, but also a politician4 with patriotic spirit. 2 The enemy seized the capital city2 of Chu Dynasty 278 B. C. And it was a contributor to5 Qu Yuan’s jumping into Miluo River to end his life3. Afterwards, people set up the festival4 in order to shelter Qu Yuan’s body from5 being eaten by fish in the river. Another people who is worth mentioning6 is Wu Zixu, a renowned general7. Secondly, people are accustomed to eating6 specific food, such as rice dumplings, salty eggs and realgar wine.
I hope that my email can be of some help to you. Moreover, I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
节日4：清明节
题目（注意，此题目摘自公众号：百鸣英语，特此感谢贵公众号！）
假如你叫李华，请向你的英国朋友Tom介绍中国的传统节日——清明节(the Tomb-sweeping Day)。
写作要点如下：
1.清明节的历史和时间；2.清明节的意义；3.清明节的活动。
注意：1.100词左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：commemoration纪念 grave坟墓 offering祭品
范文（以下范文由百鸣英语提供，感谢贵公众号）
Dear Tom,
I’m delighted to know you take great interest in Chinese traditional festivals. The Tomb-sweeping Day is around the corner. I would like to tell you something about it.
The Tomb-sweeping Day usually falls around April 4~6 every year. With a history of more than 2500 year, it is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work, but also a festival of commemoration. On the day, people clean graves，set out offerings of food and flowers and burn paper money to offer sacrifice and honor the dead. People also enjoy hope of Spring on this day. Planting trees, flying kites and going on family outings are usually included.
I hope you can experience it in person one day.
Yours,
Li Hua
节日5：中秋节
题目
假设你是李华，中秋节即将到来，请你写一封信邀请你的美国笔友Maria来中国过中秋节。信的主要内容包括：
1.发出诚挚的邀请；
2.对中秋节做简要介绍（农历八月十五；嫦娥奔月的传说；团圆、赏月、吃月饼等中秋习俗）
3.期待接受邀请及回复
注意：词数80左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
词汇：
1.中 国 阴 历（the Chinese lunar calendar）；
2.嫦娥奔月（Chang’e flying to the moon）；
3.赏月(appreciate the moon).
范文
Dear Maria
I’d like to invite you to experience the Middle Autumn Festival with us in China.
The Middle Autumn festival, which is said to honor Chang E, a beautiful goddess living in the moon, falls on the August 15th of the lunar calendar. Rituals like celebrating the family reunion, appreciating the moon and eating mooncakes of different styles are performed throughout the country.
So, why not jump at this opportunity to embrace, explore and enjoy this festival with us I assure you it will be a fantastic visual and audio feast of a life time for you.
Yours sincerely
Lihua
Total word count: 96
节日6：重阳节
题目
假定你是李华, 你的英国网友Tom对中国传统节日非常感兴趣, 他写信向你询问。请你根据以下要点, 给他写一封回信, 向他介绍一个你最喜爱的节日。
要点:
1. 节日的名称、时间;
2. 节日的庆祝方式
3. 邀请他来体验。
Dear Tom,
范文
Dear Tom,
I'm delighted to1 know you have a burning passion for1 traditional Chinese festivals. My favorite festival is the Chongyang Festival, which falls on2 the ninth day of the ninth lunar month.2
Since nine is the largest single number, it is viewed as3 Senior Citizens' Day. People often do activities like going hiking and admiring flowers4 on this day.
As for me, I had never thought about doing anything for the elderly until I learned about the festival at school. Our teacher asked us to do a considerate thing for3 our grandparents. For the first time in my life, I washed my grandma’s feet. I'll never forget the sweet smile she wore4 and the happiness I felt.
I sincerely invite you to experience this festival in person. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
庆祝传统中国文化的重要性
题目
随着世界多元化的发展，中国传统节日也收到了冲击。假如你是学生会主席，请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，号召同学们关注、保护、传承中国传统节日。要点如下：
1. 传统节日的重要性
2. 如何传承传统节日
字数100左右；
范文（以下作文由龚露老师原创，为了让大家熟悉更多观点，有点儿长，正式考试会缩减，第二段也结合了龚露工作室出品的《应用文和微写作宝典及思维导图一书》）
Dear students,
As globalization continues to progress, cultural exchange between different countries becomes more frequent and in-depth. Indeed, this process deepens communication between nations, but it also poses a threat to the existence of some countries’ traditional festivals. China, a country with a profound history and a large variety of festivals, is no exception.

The importance of traditional festivals cannot be overemphasized. Firstly, traditional festivals deepen our understanding of the profound Chinese history for they act as carriers of our culture and ideology. Secondly, not only do they inform us of core Chinese values and philosophies, but also serve as the fountain of our ethnic pride and confidence, which goes a long way to shaping our national identity and strengthening our social cohesion.
So, how can we carry forward our traditional festivals Firstly, whenever the important festival is approaching, we young people need to make preparation for as well as become fully engaged in its rituals, customs and ceremonies. Also, we can upload photos, short videos and emojis related to our festivals on popular social media such as Tiktok and Vlog so that people’s awareness of carrying forward traditional festivals can be fully aroused.
All in all, traditional festivals should be passed down from one generation to another and for the benefit of our future generations, we young people have the inescapable responsibility to protect and carry forward them.
The Student Union一. 普通书信
开头
1. I was delighted/glad to receive your letter. 很高兴收到你的来信。
2. Your letter came to me this morning. 我今天早上收到了你的来信。
3. I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于6月29日的来信。
4. How nice to hear from you again. 很高兴再次收到你的来信。
5. How is it going？最近怎么样？
6. You asked me about(problem，question...)，now let me give you some advice. 你在来信中询问我……，现在，让我给你一些建议。
7. It has been a long time since we met. 我们很久没见面了。
How time flies！It's three months since I saw you last time.时间过得真快！我们有三个月没见面了。
8. I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我写信是为了感谢你对我在美国期间的帮助。
结尾
9. I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 我期待你的来信。
10. Thank you in advance. 提前谢谢你。
11. Please write to me as soon as possible. 请尽快回信。
12. Good luck./Wish you the best of luck. 祝你好运！
13. With best wishes. 致以我诚挚的祝福。
14. Wish you success. 祝你成功。
15. Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。
16. Please remember me to your family. 请代我向你的家人问好。
17. I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 请尽快回信，我将不胜感激。
二. 感谢信
18. Thank you so much for... 非常感谢……
19. I would like to thank you from the bottom of my heart for...我由衷地感谢你……
20. I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude for... 写此信来表达我的诚挚谢意……
21. I'm grateful to you for... 因你……，我深表谢意。
22. I truly appreciate your... 我真诚感谢你……
23. Words fail to convey my gratitude to you. 我对你的感激之情难以用言语表达。
24. I take the opportunity to express to you my deep appreciation for... 我借此机会向你表达我深深的谢意……
25. It's kind and generous of you to do this for me and I do appreciate it more than I can say. 你如此善良和慷慨地帮助我，我不胜感激。
三. 致歉信
26. I would like to express my apology for... 对于……，我想要表达我的歉意。
27. Will you be good enough to excuse me for.../Excuse me for... 请原谅我……
28. Please accept my sincerest and deepest apology for... 请接受我最真诚的致歉……
29. I'm terribly sorry to tell you that.../I regret to inform you that... 很抱歉地告诉你……
30. I write to you to express my deep regret. 我写此信向你表示深深的懊悔。
31. I am writing to apologize to you for... 我写信向你致歉，因为……
32. Would you mind if I...？你是否介意如果我……？
33. To make up my thoughtless behavior，I... 为了弥补我欠考虑的行为，我……
34. I wish I could be given a chance to make up for my inconsideration. 我希望你能给我一个机会来弥补我的考虑不周。
四. 邀请信
35. I am pleased to invite you to attend.../It's a pleasure for me to invite you to attend... 我很荣幸能邀请你参加……
36. I wonder if you could come... 你是否能来……
37. My family and I would feel honored if you could come. 如果你能来，我和家人会倍感荣幸。
38. I am sure that you will enjoy yourself here. 相信你能在这儿过得愉快。
39. I am writing on behalf of all the students of our department to invite you to give a lecture on... 我代表全系学生邀请您为我们就……进行讲座。
40. We look forward to seeing you. 我们期待见到你。
41. We would be looking forward to your participation in the party. 我们期待你参加聚会。
42. We would be very grateful if you could give a talk on... 我们会万分感激如果你能就……进行讲座。
五. 建议信
43. I am writing to express my views concerning... 我写此信来表达我关于……的观点。
44. You have asked me for my advice about...，and I will try to make some conducive suggestions. 对于你来信问我关于……的事，现提供几条有益的建议。
45. I would like to suggest that... 我建议……
46. Why not.../Why don't you...？为何不……？
47. I think it will be a good idea/more beneficial if you could... 我认为……是个好办法/有利的。
48. It's important to.../It helps to...It should be a good idea to... 很重要/有帮助/是个好主意。
49. I am writing to put up some suggestions concerning... 我提出几条有关于……的建议。
50. Please take good consideration of my advice.Thanks. 请仔细考虑我的建议，谢谢。
51. I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendations helpful/useful. 希望这些建议对你有帮助。
52. Thank you for your attention. 感谢你对此事的关注。
六. 申请信
53. I wish to apply for a position of which you advertised in today's newspaper. 我想申请你们今天报纸上刊登的广告中的一个职位。
54. I have learned from a friend that... 我从一个朋友那得知……
55. I shall be glad to provide you with any further information concerning my education and personal experience. 我很乐意提供关于我的教育及个人经验方面的更多信息。
56. My name is...I graduated from...university in...，majoring in...我的名字是……。我毕业于……大学，专业是……
57. I am confident my professional knowledge has prepared me to handle the job. 我相信我的专业知识能让我胜任这份工作。
58. I am skilled in/good at... 我擅长……
59. I had good performance in every course，especially in... 我每门课成绩都很好，特别是……
60. I trust that I am capable of doing the work well. 我相信我能干好这份工作。
61. I believe that I am well qualified for the position as... 我相信我定能胜任作为……的工作。
七. 发言稿
开头
62. Good morning/afternoon，everyone/ladies and gentlemen.大家/女士们，先生们早上/下午好。
63. I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject... 我非常荣幸能有这样一个机会做关于……的演讲。
64. It's my honor to stand here to share with you my opinion on... 我很荣幸站在这里和大家分享我就……的一些看法。
What I'm talking about today is... 我今天谈的是……
65. It's nice to speak about... 很高兴谈论……
66. I'd like to tell you something about... 我想告诉你一些关于……的事。
67. Please let me give you a brief introduction about... 请允许我向你简短介绍一下关于……
主体
68. As we all know.../As is known to us all.../It is wellknown to us all that... 众所周知，……
69. As far as...is concerned... 就……而言……
70. From this point of view，...由此来看，……
71. On account of this，we can... 由于这一点，我们可以……
72. No one can deny the fact that.../There is no denying the fact that... 不可否认的事实是……
73. As the proverb says，... 正如谚语所说，……
74. What calls for special attention is that... 需要特别注意的是……
75. Nothing is more important than the fact that... 最重要的是……
76. The thing we should do is to.../What we should do is.../It is our duty to... 我们应当做的是……
结尾
77. All things considered/In short/In a word... 总而言之……
78. If everyone...，I believe... 如果每个人……，我相信……
79. In my opinion，we should try to... 依我看来，我们应当努力……
80. Only in this way can we... 只有通过这种方式，我们才能够……
81. Last but not least，it's everyone's responsibility to... 最后但同样重要的是，……是每个人的责任。
82. If you...，you will... 如果你……，你将会……
八. 日记
格式
Monday，Tuesday.../Oct.1，2015(星期，日期)
rainy，cloudy，sunny，fine，warm(天气)
正文
83. Today is Tree Planting Day. 今天是植树节。
84. Firstly...，Secondly..., Thirdly...，at first，afterwards，then，later on，soon，finally，at last(表示事情先后顺序的词语)
85. at 7：30 in the morning 早晨7：30
86. On my way to...this morning，...今天早晨，我在去……的路上……
87. It is Sunday today.This morning，we had a voluntary activity... 今天是星期天。早晨，我们有个自发的活动……
88. We visited...with... 我们和……一起参观了……
结尾
89. From the experience we have learned a lot. 通过这次经历，我们学到了很多。
90. I benefited a lot from the activity. 我从此次活动中获益颇多。
91. We can realize that... 我们能够意识到……
92. What an unforgettable experience！多么令人难忘的一次经历！
93. What a fine day！多么美好的一天！
94. This is the lesson we should learn. 这是我们应当吸取的教训。
95. Though tired，I felt very happy. 虽然很累，但我很高兴。
九. 通知
常用短语
give a talk 做演讲
give a concert 开音乐会
hold a meeting/class/celebration 举办会议/开展一堂课/举行庆祝活动
attend a meeting/sports meet/lecture 参加会议/运动会/讲座
have a class/a meeting/discussion上课/开会/讨论
make a trip 旅行
set up a club 成立一个俱乐部
set out(for)/arrive at...出发去/到达……
show sb.around/visit a place 带领某人参观某地
meet at the gate of 在……的大门处见面
go to a concert/the movies/the theatre/the cinema 去听音乐会/看电影
join sb.in/take part in 参加
常用开头语
96. Ladies and gentlemen/Boys and girls，may I have your attention，please！女士们，先生们/男孩们，女孩们，请注！
97. Attention，please！请注意！
98. Be quiet，please！请安静！
99. Listen，please.There is going to be... 请大家听我说……有一个……
100. Excuse me，everyone！I'd like to tell you that... 各位，打扰一下。我想要告诉大家……
101. I have an announcement to make. 我要宣布一个消息。
102. I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告诉大家。
常用句型
103. There is going to be a talk on... 有一个关于……的演讲。
104. The meeting will be held in.../A lecture will be given at... 会议/演讲将会在……举行。
105. We are going to hold a discussion over... 我们将会就……进行讨论。
106. The Dream Club has decided to hold a meeting on... 梦幻俱乐部会就……举行会议。
107. All the members are expected to attend it. 所有的成员都要出席。
108. Everyone will be welcome. 欢迎各位到来。
109. You are required to take notes during the lecture. 讲座期间，请做笔记。
110. Please be there on time./Please attend it on time. 请准时出席。
111. Make sure that you.../Be sure to... 确保……
112. That's all.Thank you./Thank you for listening. 就是这样。谢谢。/感谢倾听。
十. 报道
常用词语
hot news 最新消息，journalist 记者，contributor 投稿者，report 报道，feedback 反馈，cover the event 报道这件事，said/revealed/announced/quoted 说，显示，witness 见证，at present/currently/nowadays 目前，these years 这些年，in the past several decades 在过去的几十年里
常用句型
113. It was reported/learnt/announced that... 据报道/据悉/据宣布……
114. Thanks to/Owing to/Due to... 由于……
115. With the rapid development/progress of...，great changes have taken place in... 随着……的飞速发展/进步，……已经发生了巨大变化。
116. With the arrival of the information age/knowledge economy age... 随着信息时代/知识经济时代的到来，……
117. In the past few years，there has been... 在过去的几年里，……
118. Nowadays more and more people begin to realize / be aware of/notice the importance of... 现今，越来越多的人开始意识到……的重要性。
119. Recently the issue / problem of...has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/concern. 最近，……的问题成为了关注的焦点 / 引起了公众的关注。
120. According to the survey / investigation / analysis / report released /made by...there is a(n)growing / increasing / declining number of... 根据……的调查 / 分析 / 报道，……的数量正在增加 / 减少。动词类：
1“看” look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察; Notice注意catch sight of看见/ stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看/Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见 / see a film, watch TV
2“说” telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容 talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流 Say sth诉说的内容 speak in English说的语言 whisper sth to sb 耳语 Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 Bargain讨价还价 chat聊天 repeat重复 explain解释 warn警告 remind提醒 Discuss 讨论debate辩论 figure 指出declare宣布 claim自称 mention 提起 admit 承认deny 否绝 describe描述 announce 公布 introduce 介绍complain抱怨
3“叫” cry哭叫 call叫 shout大喊 scream尖叫 moan呻吟 sigh叹气 quarrel大吵
4“问” ask 询问 interview 采访 express表达 question审问
5“答” answer回答 respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复
6 “听” listen to听的动作 hear听的结果 pick up收听 overhear无意听到
7“写” dictate听写 write sth 写 describe描写 drop a line 写信 draw画
take down/write down写下，记下
8“拿/放” take拿走 bring拿来 hold举着 carry扛，挑 （无方向性） fetch拿来拿去 lift举 Put放 lay 铺/放置 pull拉/push推
9“抓” take hold of 抓着 seize紧抓 grasp 握住 scratch 抠
10“打” hit一次性的打击 beat不间断的打击 strike突然的击打/突然想到 blow吹刮 attack攻击
11“扔” throw扔 drop掉 放弃 错过 fall 倒下无意掉下来 wave 招手 shake摇
12“送” send寄送 deliver递送 give给 offer 主动给予 see off给某人送行
13“摸/抱” touch摸 /fold折叠 /embrace拥抱 / hug抱/hold 握 in one’s arms
14“踢/碰” kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲
15“行” walk、 run 、climb、 jump 、skip 单腿跳 slip溜 come/go enter进入 move搬迁 drive开车 ride 骑fly crawl 匍匐前进
16“坐” sit down 、 be seated 、 seat oneself 、take a seat/ stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠
17“睡/休息” lie /on one’s back/ on one side/ on one’s stomach 、stay in bed、 have a rest 、take a nap打盹 be asleep 、 bend 、 turn over翻身 rest
18“笑” smile 微笑（不出声） laugh、 burst into laughter 、burst out laughing
19“哭” cry shed tears 留泪 weep呜咽地哭 sob抽泣 burst into tears /burst out crying
20“找/查” find找到 look for正在找过程 find out查明 discover/explore 发现/探索 hunt for 、 search for seek / seek for 、 in search of寻找 Search sb 搜身 search sp. for sth 为某物而搜寻某地,Check检查，核实 examine 考察发现问题/体检 test检测，检验 inspect视察
21“穿” put on 动作 wear穿戴 have on试穿 be dressed in 穿的状态 make-up化装
get changed换衣服 be in red Take off 脱 remove 去除
22“吃/喝” eat/drink sip吮吸 have a meal 、have supper 、toast 、taste、treat sb to请某人吃 help oneself to 随便吃
23“得” get obtain acquire获得知识和技能 gain possess
24“失” lose 丢了 be lost /be missing人错过失踪，不见 gone不见（物） great loss die die off相继死去 die away 逐渐消失
25“有” have 有 own是自己的 conquer征服 occupy占有=possess
26“无” nothing left 、 the remaining thing 、 disappear、 be missing /gone
27“增/减” rise / go up /drop
人主动抬价 raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease
28“买/卖” buy、 purchase 、 afford 、 pay 、 pay off 、 pay for 、sell 、on sale 、bargain 。Bill / cheque / cash/ credit card notes/ coins discounts
29“存在/消失”come into being 、exist、 appear 、survive 、 live 、 show 、turn up、Disappear、 die、 die out 、 pass away 、 be out of sight
30“变化” develop、 improve、 become 、 grow 、go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without（ negative adj.）、 turn + colour 、 change /change into 、 reform
31“认识的过程”feel 、sense、 guess 、suppose 、 wonder 、doubt 、 know /learn realize、Understand、 remember 、 be familiar with 、recall 、 recite 、 apply to
32“成功/失败”make it succeed 、make progress 、come true、 realize one’s dream、 win、Lose、 fail to do 、 failure 、 defeat 、 suffer 、loss beat 、 turn sth. Into reality
33“努力” try /manage 、 make efforts 、attempt do ones best 、 do as much as one can to do
34祝贺 congratulations on sb 、celebrate、observe 庆祝 get together 聚会
35赞美/批评 praise think highly of / blame sb for sth/ sb is to blame
criticize /scold sb. for sth. have a low opinion of sb Speak ill of
36喜/恶 like 、 love、 be fond of 、 be keen on 、 be crazy about 、adore 、be into、 prefer 、enjoy 、 in favor of、 Dislike 、 hate、 be awful/disgusting 、 ignore 、 turn off
37判断 think 、 believe 、consider、 find feel 、conclude 、 infer 、doubt
38到达 arrive at、 reach 、 return to、 get to 、 stay in sp 、 visit 、 leave、 leave for 、on one’s way to、 upon one’s arrival 、 on doing sth
39受伤 hurt 、 injured、 wound 、 cut、 kill 、drown、 bleed
、get burnt、 suffer from、suffer a loss
40损坏 damage 、 destroy 、 ruin、 break down 、be broken 、crash
41修复 repair 、rebuild 、 restore、 fix 、 recover oneself
42支持/反对 agree、 disagree 、accept 、 receive、 refuse 、 turn down、 be against 、 elect 、 vote for/ against
43 做饭 cook 、wash、 cut 、chop 、boil、 fry 、 steam 、 make 、mix 、clean 、brush 、cover 、uncover、 cooker
44 建议 advise、 suggest 、recommend、 urge、 propose 、demand 、 persuade 说服
45 花费 sth/doing sth+cost sb+spend+ in doing sth Sb+afford +n/to do sth 、It +take some time/ money/energy +to do sth sb+ pay+$ for sth. at one’s expense
46 省/存钱 save /save up 、 set aside 、 put away 、 spare no effort/ time
47 参加 take part in 、 join /join in 、 attend 、 compete in/ for/against
48控告 accuse sb. of 、 charge sb. With
49 救治 help /help out 、 save /rescue sb from sth.、 Treat过程 / cure 结果sb. Of sth、Aid sb in doing sth / to do sth 、help sb with sth、 assist sb in doing sth
50敬佩 admire 、respect 、show respect for/to adore、 envy /be jealousy 、in honor of
51逃避 ran away 、 escape from 、 flee 、 hide
52 阻止/禁止 prevent / keep/ stop sb. From doing sth 、 forbid doing sth. 、 Ban 、 prohibit
53 对付/处理 handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth 、 solve 、settle
54 效仿 copy、 imitate、 learn from 、 learn
54 爆发/发生 come about 、 happen to、 take place、 break out 、
burst out 、 go off 、explosion
55安装/装备 fasten、 fix、 set 、 equip
be armed with 用什么武装 be equipped with装备有
56 追求 pursuit 、 ran after 、 seek after 、 chase、 catch up with赶上 keep up with跟上
57 想/考虑 think of 考虑/+as把什么看成 think about想起 consider
think over仔细考虑 be concerned 担心 be considerate towards sb.
58 打算plan / intend / design to do be going to do /be about to do /will do
59 似乎/好象 seem、 appear 、look like 、 as if、 as though
60 开办/关闭 open 、start、 set up、 close/close up 、end 、 close down
名词类
1假期vacation/ holiday/ spring break/ ask for leave / be on holiday / have two days off
2旅游 trip/ journey/tour /voyage /travel /tourist/ passenger/go camping/picnicking/hiking
3职务人员 clerk/ secretary /passer-by/ friend/ minister/manager/ waitress /guest /host/ hostess/Assistant /customer/ adult/ neighbor/ relative /patient /vet /staff/ crew /nurse /teacher/ Conductor/ tailor /sailor /inventor /gardener /guard
4餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn / restaurant /kitchen/ menu /bill / order / tip /fork and knife /reserve /book table / Taste /delicious / salad / dash / vegetables / fruit /tray/ napkin
5诊所/看病/服药clinic/hospital/ take one’s temperature/take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache/doctor /physician/ surgeon/ specialist / patient
6车站/机场 airport/ on board/ miss the train/bus /catch a train/ meet sb.
7身体部位 arm /head/ hair / brain/ waist /back / shoulder /pulse / wrist
8意志 will /courage/ patience /determination/faith effort confidence/ ambition/ energy
9才能/品质 talent /gift /ability / potential/ intelligent/ promising /smart /stupid /careful/ proud/Strict/ honest / cold /serious/ easy-going / learned /knowledgeable
10优缺点 advantage /disadvantage / strength / weakness
11目标 aim/ goal /intention / purpose/ belief/ faith
12方式 means /method /way /manner / approach
13身体素质 strong /weak/ pale/ sick /ill /be well / keep slim/ fit /cut weight/put on weight
14图表 photo/ picture /graph drawing/ table line/bar graph / pie/ chart draw a sketch 划草图
15文章 reading /translation /essay /poem/ paper novel/fiction/ article/ magazine /newspaper/ journal 日志 diary日记 / Files / form/make a list of
16课堂class /course /lecture/ example /reason /message/ notes /words /phrase /scholarship /degree/Subject/ question/ trouble difficulty/ grades /read/ comment / marks
17 学校活动 match / game /activity / hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony
18建议/观点 advice / suggestion / idea /proposal /view/ recommandation
19气候/天气 climate /weather /storm /windy /cloudy /rainy /snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth
20交通 by train/bus /boat /bike/ on the train/bus /a bike /drive a car /ride a bike /give sb. a lift/ride
21习惯 habit / custom / get used to /regular有规律的（形容词） / practice惯例（名词）
22感觉 sight/ hearing / touch/ smell /sense
23情感 feeling/ emotion /anger / delight /sadness / sorrow
24 财富 money/ possessions/ wealth /belongings /fortunes /treasure /diamond / be rich/well-off
25 运动比赛 on the playground / on the track and filed/ pitch/ event/ game / match /sports player / Coach / judge/ jogging /weightlifting / play volleyball/soccer/
26衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing/clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
27事件 incident, accident /incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故
形容词类
1人的各种感受
乐happy/ delighted to /one’s joy/ pleased / amused
悲 sad / unhappy / painful / bitter
平静 calm / quiet /silent/still /peaceful
烦bother/ bored /be fed up with
震惊 surprised /astonished /shocked /amazed 怕 in fear /be frightened /scared /afraid
失望desperate / disappointed /hopeless /be depressed 满意be satisfied with /be content to do
生气 Annoyed/ angry / disgusting /burst into /rage
2 表程度的副词类
narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite
Accidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by far
Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus
….
易考的近义词组
Run/ manage grow/ plant leave/remain fit/ suit/ match
Hit/ beat/strike meet/ satisfy touch /feel play /performer
Contain/ hold /seat/ fill lie/sit/locate help/work/ do
Fall/ sink/ drop matter/ problem /trouble/ money/ account
Cause/ reason that’s why/ that’s because because/ since,as/ for
Last/ continue keep/ stay/ treat/ cure/ operate separate/ divide
Stand/ bear/tolerate/hold turn/become/go change/vary/range
Provide/supply/offer/ give/send 01
花香鸟语
【必背金句】
1. Flowers are waving in the breeze of the early spring.
花儿在早春的微风中摇曳。
2. The sweet song of birds made me spellbound.
我沉浸在小鸟悦耳的歌声中。
3. The fragrant flowers attracted lots of butterflies, lingering (萦绕) around them.
鲜花的香味引来了很多蝴蝶，它们围着花朵。
4. The new spring grass shot up as time itself had sped up.
随着时间的脚步加快，新的春草拔地而起。
5. The birds busy themselves around me, not caring that I’m there.
鸟儿们在我周围忙碌着，并不介意我在哪里。
6. They heard the twitter/chatter of birds among the bushes.
他们听到树丛中鸟儿发出的叽叽喳喳声。
7. Birds were chattering/twittering somewhere.
鸟儿在某处叽叽喳喳地叫着。
8. On a quite morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
山中宁静的清晨，感受阳光洒在你的身上，呼吸鲜花的芳香，聆听鸟儿们用它们的歌声迎接新的一天。
02雷电描写
【名词】
lightning 闪电
thunder 雷
【动词】
crash 发出巨响
boom/rumble 轰鸣
【词组】
a flash of lightening 一道闪电
aloud crash of thunder 一声巨雷
break out 爆发
in a flash 一刹那间
flash across 一闪而过
【必背金句】
1. Thunder crashed in the sky.雷在空中发出巨响。
2. The thunder was rumbling in the distance.远处雷声隆隆。
3. An ash of lightning flashed across the sky.一道闪电划过天空。
4. Outside, thunder boomed and crashed.外面雷声隆隆，发出巨响。
5. Thunder boomed in the sky overhead. 雷声在头顶上的天空中隆隆作响。
6. The weather in summer is unpredictable. Just now it was sunny. In a flash, lightning and thunder broke out, and the storm began to rain.
夏天的天气真是变幻莫测。刚才还是晴空万里，一霎时就电闪雷鸣，开始了狂风暴雨。
7. Thunder rumbled in the mountains all around and rain began to fall in heavy drops.
山里雷声隆隆，雨点开始大颗大颗地往下落。
8. After a loud crash of thunder, it rained furiously.
一声巨雷过后，大雨倾盆而下。
03云描写
【动词】
part 散开
drift 飘移
spread 扩散
【形容词】
cloudy 多云的
overcast 阴沉沉的
【词组】
be full of dark clouds 布满乌云
dark masses of clouds 层层乌云
clear away 散去
drift across 飘过
break sth up 使散开
【必背金句】
1. The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds.天空阴沉，乌云密布。
2. The sky was a curdled gray burdened with lumps of clouds.
天空是浓浓的灰色，伴着拥挤的朵朵云彩。
3. As the night advanced, the clouds closed in and densely overspread the whole sky.
夜色渐深，乌云密布，笼罩了整个天空。
4. The clouds had spread and nearly covered the entire sky.
云层散开，几乎遮住了整个天空。
5. The sky was full of dark masses of clouds.天空中乌云密布。
6. By afternoon, the clouds have cleared away.到了下午，云已经散去。
7. The sky was overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds, and the whole world seemed to be enveloped in a huge gray quilt.
天阴沉沉的，乌云密布，整个世界仿佛都被笼罩在一张巨大的灰色被子里。
04太阳描写
【动词】
melt 融化
heat 变热
burn 燃烧
rise 升起
set 落下
【形容词】
hot 炎热的
burning 炽热的
sweltering 闷热的
【词组】
clear up 放晴
sweat like a pig 汗流浃背
thick air 闷塞的空气
【必背金句】
1. The weather was so hot that there was no wind, and the thick air seemed to be frozen.
天气热得要命，一丝风也没有，闷塞的空气好像凝住了。
2. This weather is terrible. I am sweating like a pig, although I'm not doing anything.
天热得吓人，虽然我什么都没做，但还是汗流浃背。
3. In this heat, even the trees appeared defeated, with leaves drooping lifelessly.
在这种炎热的天气里，连树木都显得萎靡不振，树叶都毫无生气地垂落着。
4. The sun was at its highest. The heat beat down on my head as if I was bacon under the grill.
太阳处于最高点，热浪击打在头上，我好像烤架下的培根一样。
5. The water was deep blue and the sunlight glittered on its glass-clear surface.
湖水深蓝，阳光在风平浪静的湖面上熠熠生辉。
6. The beach is bathed in the amber-like sunshine.海滩沐浴在琥珀色的阳光中。
05雾描写
【名词】
fog 雾
mist 薄雾
【动词】
obscure 使模糊
melt 消散
envelop/encompass 笼罩
【形容词】
foggy 有雾的
misty 薄雾笼罩的
shadowy 朦胧的
【词组】
a blanket of fog 厚厚的一层雾
heavy/dense fog 浓雾
at hick blanket of fog 大雾
cast a net over 在……撒下一张网
【必背金句】
1. The fog finally lifted.雾终于散了。
2. The view was obscured by fog.雾中景色朦胧。
3. The hills were enveloped in dense fog.群山被浓雾笼罩着。
4. The morning fog blocked our view.清晨的雾挡住了我们的视线。
5. The fog soon encompassed the whole valley.雾很快笼罩了整个山谷。
6. The town was covered in a thick blanket of fog.大雾笼罩着这个城镇。
7. The heavy fog seemed to be casting a net over me.浓雾似乎在我身上撒下了一张网。
06雪描写
【名词】
snow 雪
blizzard 雪暴
snowstorm 暴风雪
snowflake 雪花
【动词】
dance 跳舞
fall/drift 飘落
blanket 以厚层覆盖
crunch 嘎吱响
weigh 重压
【形容词】
snowy 多雪的
frosty 霜冻的
feathery 羽毛似的
pure 纯的
【词组】
be struck by heavy snow 被暴雪袭击
be covered with thick snow 被厚厚的积雪覆盖
feathery snowflakes 羽毛般的雪花
dance in the night air 在夜空中飞舞
drift down 飘落
melt away 融化
frozen snow 冻雪
be buried in the snow 深埋在雪中
【必背金句】
1. The mountain top was covered with snow.山顶被积雪覆盖。
2. Then the snow slowly melts away.然后雪慢慢地融化了。
3. The frozen snow crunched under our feet.冻结的雪在我们的脚下嘎吱作响。
4. Snow blanketed every rooftop and weighed on the branches of old trees.
雪覆盖了每一个屋顶，压在老树的枝丫上。
5. The countryside was transformed into a huge white plain by the snow. It's dark now and the snow is falling, clumps of wet flakes drifting down.
乡村被雪变成了一片巨大的白色平原。现在天黑了，雪还在下，一片片湿漉漉的雪花飘落下来。
6. The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air, making a beautiful picture.
鹅毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，像一幅美丽的画。
7. It was a chilly winter night, the moon shining brightly and the snow blanketing the ground.
那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月光皎洁，白雪覆盖着大地。
8. Soon the tiny flakes floated softly down, like flocks of little white birds.
很快，细小的雪花像成群的小白鸟一样轻轻飘落下来。
07
雨描写
【名词】
rain 雨
drizzle 毛毛细雨
shower 阵雨
downpour 倾盆大雨
【动词】
fall 落下
drum 不停地敲打
stop 停止
quiet 使安静
【形容词】
stormy 暴风雨的
rainy 多雨的
torrential 倾泻的
fine 纤细的
icy/freezing 冰冷的
dreadful 可怕的
【词组】
beat/flap against 拍打
pour down 倾盆而下
a heavy downpour 大暴雨
light rain 小雨
a rainy season 多雨的季节
a stormy night 暴风雨之夜
fierce/heavy/violent storms 狂风暴雨
a timely/seasonable rain 好雨知时节
be caught in the rain 被雨淋
continuous rain 连续不断的雨
sheets of bitterly cold rain 阵阵刺骨的冷雨
the dark, raining evening 雨夜交加的夜晚
【必背金句】
1. The rain lets up.雨小了。
2. It was raining cats and dogs yesterday after school, and I was all wet when I got home.
昨天放学的时候下着倾盆大雨，我到家时全身都湿了。
3. There was a heavy downpour. Unfortunately, Tom was caught in the heavy rain.
下了一场大暴雨。不幸的是，汤姆在暴雨中被淋成了落汤鸡。
4. The rain drummed on the window, bidding farewell to the last beam of sunlight.
雨敲打在窗上，并向最后一缕阳光告别。
5. Spring rain, like cattle hair, like needles, like fine silk, closely inclined weaving.
春雨像牛毛，像花针，像细丝，密密地斜织着。
6. I was disturbed by the annoying sound of the rain.淅淅沥沥的雨声扰乱了我的思绪。
7. Immediately, sheets of bitterly cold rain filled the air.顷刻间，空中下起了阵阵刺骨的冷雨。
8. The rain came pouring down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against the house.
大雨倾盆，溪水上涨，狂风咆哮着撞击房屋。
9. Though the rain stopped, the wind rushed by and whistled and made strange sounds.
雨虽停了，风却呼啸而过，发出奇怪的声音。
10. The wind was howling horribly and the rain was pouring down, flapping against the trees.
狂风呼啸，大雨倾盆而下，拍打着树枝。
08
风描写
【名词】
breeze 微风
typhoon 台风
hurricane 飓风
tornado 龙卷风
【动词】
blow 刮
whip 鞭打
whistle 嗖嗖地刮
waft 吹拂
rustle 沙沙作响
kiss 亲吻
【形容词】
gentle/soft 轻柔的
moderate/mild 温和的
strong/violent 猛烈的
chilly 凛冽的
【词组】
sweep across 席卷
waft through 拂过
blow through 吹过
die away 风逐渐变弱
pick up 风力加大
cut deep into one’s bones 刺骨
exposed to the four winds of heaven 四面受风
【必背金句】
1. The sun went in, and the breeze became cold.云层遮住了太阳，微风有了丝凉意。
2. Though the rain stopped, the wind rushed by and whistled and made strange sounds.
雨虽停了，风却呼啸而过，发出奇怪的声音。
3. Falling leaves danced down in the cool mid-autumn air, bidding farewell to sweet summer and welcoming the autumn in.
落叶在秋风中飞舞，告别了甜美的夏天，迎接秋天的到来。
4. The wind had picked up.风愈刮愈大。
5. It was getting dark and the wind died away.天渐渐黑了，风渐渐小了。
6. The breeze gently kissed his checks.微风轻柔地亲吻着他的脸庞。
7. A cold breeze wafted through my hair.寒冷的微风吹过我的头发。
8. A cool breeze blew through the quiet park.凉爽的微风吹过安静的公园。
9. The wind stood up and gave a shout.大风凛冽，发出怒吼。
10. A gentle/light/cool/warm breeze blows in/comes in off the sea.
微风/轻风/凉风/暖风从海上吹来。
11. The icy wind started howling, stinging my face.
寒风开始咆哮，刺痛了我的脸。
12. The wind was so bone-chilling that I couldn't stop shivering from the cod.
寒风刺骨，我冷得不停打哆嗦。
13. Outside, the winds blew the trees and beat against the house, which made people unable to one their eyes.
外面，风吹着树，拍打着房子，使人们无法睁开眼睛。
14. As the wind blows, we can hear the leaves rustling in the trees.
随着风的吹拂，我们可以听到树沙沙作响。
15. The ice wind started howling, cutting my face like a sharp knife.
寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的刀子一样刮在我的脸上。- 1 -
邀请信
一、你们班同学打算周六去爬香山。请给外教Chris写一封英文信，邀请他参加此次活动。具体内容如下：
1.时间：8 am—5 pm；
2.集合地点：校门口；
3.交通工具：公交车；
4.携带物品：雨具，午餐，相机。
注意：
1. 词数不少于50；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
范文：
Dear Chris，
I'm writing to tell you that we intend to climb the Fragrant Hill this Saturday and I sincerely invite you to go with us on behalf of our class.
We are supposed to gather at the school gate and set out at 8 a.m. sharp.The bus will serve as our transportation. We will climb to the top of the hill and enjoy our picnic lunch there, so please take some food with you as lunch. At about 2 p.m., we will go down the hill along another path and return to our school at about 5 p.m. You may equip yourself with a camera to record the beautiful scenery and an umbrella or a raincoat is also necessary in case you are caught in a rain.
Please spare some time to join us. Your participation can surely add color to our trip and we are all looking forward to your involvement.
二、假定你是学校足球队队长陈辉。请你根据以下要点写一封邮件，邀请你新认识的英国朋友Tom加入足球队。要点包括：
1.提出邀请；
2.介绍足球队情况；
3.期盼Tom加入。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear Tom,
How are you doing I'm writing to invite you to join our school football team.
Our school football team was set up six months ago. Now it consists of 28 members. In our spare time,we often train hard and our skills have been greatly improved. We have participatedin many football matches and have won many games. By playing football together,we have built up our bodies and developed our team spirit. If you join us, you are bound to benefit a lot.
Hope to have you inour school football team soon.
Yours,
Chen Hui
三、假定你是学校英语社团的负责人李华。社团准备举行一次英语诗歌朗诵比赛，你想邀请外教Vivian担任评委。请用英文给Vivian写封电子邮件。内容包括：
1.比赛将于本周五晚七点在学校礼堂进行；
2.比赛的意义和评分的基本依据。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：朗诵 recitation;礼堂 auditorium
范文：
Dear Vivian,
I am writing to invite you to be the judge at the coming English Poetry Recitation Contest. It is to be held in our school’s auditorium at 7:00 pm this Friday.
Poetry is one of the most important cultural treasures, which can express the beauty and wisdom of the certain language. Reciting poems can help us feel another amazing side of English, arouse our interest and encourage us to learn English better. All of my fellow students are looking forward to the contest.
You can make your own decision on how well a participant performs. I recommend that you pay attention to their pronunciation, facial expressions and so on.
I sincerely hope that you can come and enjoy it.
Yours,
Li Hua
- 2 -
感谢信
一、请你给外教Jeff写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.告诉他你在学校演讲比赛中获得了第一名；
2.感谢他在口语及演讲技巧上给予的帮助。
注意：
1. 词数不少于100；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
范文：
Dear Jeff,
How are you doing these days I am so excited to tell you the good ews that I won the first place in the speech contest. It means a lot to me and I want to share it with you the moment I knew it.
I’m also here to express my hearty gratitude for all the efforts you have spared to instruct me on my spoken English and skills on giving an impressive speech. I couldn’t have achieved any of this without your devotion.
Thank you very much again and I hope that you can continue to help me with my English in the following semester.
Yours,
Li Hua
二、假定你是李华。你作为交换生在美国学习了一年，在此期间住在美国朋友David的家。如今你已经回国，请根据以下提示用英文给David写一封感谢信。
1.表达感谢；
2.感谢的原因；
3.期待再次见面。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear David,
How is everything going It has been nearly a week since I returned home. I miss you so much.
These days, whenever I looked our photos I just couldn't help thinking of those moments we shared together. It was so kind of you to sing English songs for me, which was not only meaningful but also entertaining. Besides, you introduced some friends to me, which really helped me a lot. What's more, you taught me how to cook American dishes, so that I can better understand, enjoy and appreciate the Western cultures.Words cannot express my gratefulness to you for the kindness you showed me.
Hopefully,we would get together again soon.

Yours,
Li Hua
三、假定你是大一新生王明。高三时，在外教Mr. Smith的帮助下，你的英语成绩进步很大，并考上了理想大学。为表示感谢，请给Mr.Smith写一封感谢信。要点如下：
1.表达感谢；
2.感谢的原因；
3.对老师表示祝福。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear Mr. Smith,
Iam writing to express my thanks for your helping me improve my English. Thanks to your help, I have been a freshman of my dream university.
You helped me correct my pronunciation, taught me a lot of useful expressions and told me various interesting customs in Western countries, which helped me better understand Western cultures. With your help, I made fast and great progress in my English study.Besides, you are a friend to me as well. You taught me how to be a good person andgave me the courage to face difficulties both in my study and life.
So,again, I sincerely thank you for your help! Wish you good health and a happy life!

Yours
Wang Ming
- 3 -
介绍信
一、假如你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华，你参加高校招生英语面试，请根据以下提示用英语做自我介绍。
1. 兴趣爱好：篮球、音乐；
2. 擅长科目：英语；
3. 未来专业意向。
注意：
1. 词数不少于100；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
范文：
Good morning! I'm Li Hua from Hongxing Middle School. It is my great honor to be here and now let me present myself to you.
I am an optimistic and outgoing boy with various hobbies ranging from sports like basketball to comforts like music. In fact, I am rather active on sports fields and I regard music as a good friend of mine who can talk to me,pacifying my feelings.
As for academics, English is the course I am best skilled in.As English monitor of my class, I shall have no difficulty communicating with foreign friends with my fluent oral English.
Also born with enthusiasmfor news and political events aroundthe world, I consider International Relationships my future major at present andit is my earnest wish to contribute to a peaceful and prosperous world.
Finally, I'll say that it is my biggest dream to be one of your university and I could not appreciate it more for your kind consideration.
That's all. Thank you.
二、为了培养良好的读书习惯，你校开展了首届“校园读书节”活动，为期八周，现在活动已经结束。请你根据以下要点提示用英语写一篇短文总结自己参加活动的情况。
1.介绍你所参加的活动；
2.哪本书留给你的印象最深；
3.将来的阅读计划。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Reading Festival, which lasted about two months, came to an end. I took an active part in every activity. Altogether, I read about eight books, participated in two speech contests and listened to five lectures.
Among the books I read, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea written by Jules Verne made a deep impression on me. This book not only broadened my outlook, but also aroused my interestin science.
In the future, I will make full use of my time to read as many books as possible. It will help me gain more knowledge, improve myself and realize my dream.
三、假定你是高一新生李明。第一节英语课上，外教史密斯先生布置的作业是写一封英文信向他介绍自己。请你根据所给要点提示完成作业。
要点：
1.个人基本情况；
2.在英语方面的强项与弱项；
3.新学年的期待。
注意：
1.100词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear Mr. Smith,
I'm glad to write to you to introduce myself. It was my first time to hear an American speak English. I've learned a lot in your first class.
I'm a boy, 16 years old, and I live in the city centre not far from our school. I'm an outgoing boy, andI like to help others who are in trouble.
I like English very much — I got a good mark in the entrance exam. I'm good at reading,writing and grammar. But I'm weak in speaking and listening, because I have few chances to practice them.
In the new term, I'll make full use of my advantages and make up for my weaknesses.I'll be glad if you create more chances for us students to train our listening and speaking skills in English. I'm sure that my English will be greatly improved with your help.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
- 4 -
申请信
一、假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，下个月英国Saint Gorge High School的交换学生要来你校学习。学校招募接待家庭。请你根据以下信息，提出申请并说明理由。
1. 家里住宿条件好；
2. 英语听说能力强；
3. 了解英国人的文化习俗。
注意：
1. 词数不少于100；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I feel very excited to know that the exchange students from Saint Gorge HighSchool will come and study at our school. I would like to be a host family. The reasons are as follows:
First, my home is big with three bedrooms and two bathrooms, which makes it possible for me to provide the exchange student with good living accommodations.Moreover, I have a good command of English and I am good at listening and speaking.I would be able to communicate with the student easily. In addition, I have a good understanding of British customs and culture, allowing us to have a lot to talk about.
Because of the above mentioned reasons I am applying to be a host family.I sincerely hope I will be granted this great opportunity.
Thank you very much!
Yours,
Li Hua
二、假定你是李华，从互联网((the Internet)上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore)举办夏令营，欢迎 各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。
内容主要包括:
1.自我介绍(包括英语能力);
2.参加意 图(介绍中国、了解其他国家);
3.希望获准。
注意:
1.字数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.邮件开头和结尾已为你写好.
范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I have read the announcement of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am so interested in this opportunity that I am writing to apply for it.
Now,let me introduce myself. I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I've been learning English for 10 years, and I speak fluent English. It will make it easy for me to communicate with other students. What is more, I'll be able to tell students from other countries about China, such as Chinese food and history. Meanwhile, I am eager to learn about their countries as well, especially about their own culture and languages.
I would be grateful if I could be accepted as a member of your summer camp and I am looking forward to your reply!
三、假设你是晨光中学的高中生李华。你校拟选拔一些优秀学生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。
请根据以下 提示，用英语给校评选组写一封申请信：
1.对此活动的认识（如对本人、学生及社会的益处等）
2.个人优势（如性格、独立生活能力、语言能力等）
3.你的计划（如怎样进行辅导等）
注意：
1. 词数不少于100；
2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；
3.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
参考词汇：晨曦希望小学Chenxi HopeSchool
范文：
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two. I have heard of the opportunity of tutoring pupils from Chenxi Hope School in English.
I am so interested in both teaching and English that I am writing to apply for it.I believe this activity will be good for both the primary-school students and high-schoolstudent tutors, which will result in substantial social benefits. The reasons why I am qualified for it are as follows. First, in terms of personality, I am very outgoing and energetic to bring happiness to the children. Second, I am also independent and proficient in English so that I could teach the course effectively and successfully.
My plan for coaching the pupils is to teach them by listening, speaking, reading and writing. I will try to stimulate their interests in learning English as a foreign language, creating a good learning environment at the same time. I would be grateful if you could accept my application and I am looking forward to your reply.
- 5 -
通知
一、假如你是校学生会主席。新年即将到来，为了帮助你校的外国留学生更好地了解中国文化，学生会将为他们举办一个新年晚会。请你根据以下提示，用英语向他们发出口头通知。
时间：下周五6：00 -8：00
地点：教学楼101室
内容：1．唱中国歌 2．比赛用筷子 3．学习包饺子
注意：
1．词数不少于50；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
范文：
Good afternoon, everyone. May I have your attention, please
To help our school's foreign students acquire more knowledge about Chinese culture, the Student Council is to hold a New Year's party. It will be held at Room 101 of the Teaching Building from 6:00 to 8:00 next Friday evening.
We've designed interesting activities for the party. For example,participants are to sing Chinese songs in a harmonious atmosphere. Then a competitionin using Chinese chopsticks will enable you to get closer to the Chinese lifestyle.Lastly you will learn to make dumplings under the guidance of us Chinese students,which not only provides you with access to Chinese culture but also enhances friendship between cultures.
If you've got other inspiring ideas. please don't hesitate to share them with us. We sincerely look forward to your attendance.
Thank you for your attention!
二、假定你是学生会主席陈辉。你校计划成立一支国际学生足球队，请你用英语起草一份广播通知，邀请你校的外国学生加入。
内容包括：
1. 在各班班长处报名；
2. 报名截止时间：11月30日下午5:00。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
My dear foreign schoolmates,
May I have your attention, please I have an important announcement to make. To build up your body, reduce your stress and develop your confidence,our school will set up an international students' football team. The football team will be made up of 18 players, including 9 foreign students. The team will train on a regular basis and represent our school to take part in all kinds of matches.I think this will be a good chance for you to improve your football skills and enrich your after-class life. If you are fond of playing football, please go to your monitors and sign up before 5:00 pm, November e on! Join us!
That's all. Thank you.
三、寒假即将来临，有许多中外游客会来你市参观。为此，市博物馆决定在你校招募部分学生志愿者。请你用英语在你班做一个口头通知。
招募要求：
1. 英语口语流利
2. 能保证每天固定的工作时间
3. 欢迎历史知识丰富的同学报名。
报名地点：学生会办公室。
报名截止日期：12月28日下午5:00。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
范文：
Dear boys and girls,
Attention, please! I have an important announcement to make.The museum in our city will recruit some volunteers during the coming winter vacation.The volunteers are expected to speak fluent English. In addition, volunteers should have fixed working hours every day. Those who have a wide knowledge of history are welcome to take part in this activity.
If you are interested in the activity and want to work as a volunteer,please go to the office of the Students' Union to sign up before 5:00 pm, December 28th.
That's all. Thanks for your listening.

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