资源简介 2025人教版初中英语八年级下册月考一(Unit1-3)复习重点及练习一、Unit 1 What's the matter (一)词汇1. 重点单词- matter:[名词] 问题;事情,常用于句型 “What's the matter (with sb./sth.) ”,询问某人或某物出了什么问题,相当于 “What's wrong (with sb./sth.) ” 或 “What's the trouble (with sb./sth.) ” 。例如:What's the matter with your bike (你的自行车怎么了?)- sore:[形容词] 疼痛的,常构成 “have a sore + 身体部位” 结构,用来表达身体某个部位疼痛。如:have a sore throat(喉咙痛) 、have a sore back(背痛)。- 表示身体部位和疾病的词汇:back(背部)、stomach(腹部)、headache(头痛)、fever(发烧)、cough(咳嗽)、toothache(牙痛)等。需注意它们的拼写和在句子中的用法,比如:I have a headache and I need to lie down.(我头痛,需要躺下。)- rest:[动词] 休息,常用短语 “rest for + 一段时间”,表示“休息多长时间”;[名词] 休息,常见搭配 “have/take a rest”(休息一下)。例如:You should rest for an hour.(你应该休息一小时。)Let's have a rest.(咱们休息一下吧。)- hurt:[动词] 使受伤;疼痛,过去式和过去分词均为hurt 。既可以作及物动词,如 “He hurt his leg in the accident.”(他在事故中伤了腿);也可以作不及物动词,如 “My head hurts.”(我头疼)。- hit:[动词] 击;打,过去式和过去分词是hit - hit 。常见用法 “hit sb. on the + 身体部位”,表示“打在某人的某个部位” ,如 “He hit the ball hard.”(他用力击球);“The stone hit him on the head.”(石头打在了他的头上)。2. 重点短语- have a cold:感冒,强调感冒的状态,如:I have a cold and I don't feel well.(我感冒了,感觉不舒服)。- have a fever:发烧,例如:She has a fever and needs to see a doctor.(她发烧了,需要看医生)。- have a headache:头痛,如:Tom has a headache. He can't go to school today.(汤姆头痛,他今天不能上学了)。- lie down:躺下,常与and rest等搭配使用,如:You should lie down and rest.(你应该躺下休息)。- take one's temperature:量体温,其中 “one's” 要根据句子主语换成相应的形容词性物主代词 ,如:Please take your temperature first.(请先量一下你的体温)。- get an X - ray:做X光检查,用于检查身体内部状况,如:The doctor asked him to get an X - ray to see if there was something wrong with his bones.(医生让他做X光检查,看看他的骨头是否有问题)。(二)语法1. 询问身体状况的句型- “What's the matter (with you) ” “What's wrong (with you) ” “What's the trouble (with you) ” 这三个句型都用于询问对方身体状况或遇到的问题,答语通常用 “I have a + 疾病名称” 或 “My + 身体部位 + hurts / aches” 等结构。例如:- —What's wrong with you - —My leg hurts. I think I twisted it.(我的腿疼,我想我扭到它了)- 还可以用 “Is there anything wrong with you ” 来询问,回答可以是 “Yes, I have a cough.” 等。2. 情态动词should的用法- should是情态动词,意为 “应该”,后接动词原形,用于提出建议或劝告。肯定句结构为 “主语 + should + 动词原形 + 其他” ,如:You should drink more water.(你应该多喝水)。- 否定句结构是 “主语 + shouldn't(should not) + 动词原形 + 其他” ,表示“不应该做某事” ,如:You shouldn't eat too much junk food.(你不应该吃太多垃圾食品)。- 一般疑问句把should提到主语前面,即 “Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?” ,回答时,肯定回答用 “Yes, 主语 + should.” ,否定回答用 “No, 主语 + shouldn't.” 。例如:- —Should I take some medicine - —Yes, you should.(是的,你应该) / No, you shouldn't.(不,你不应该)(三)预测月考题目1. 单项选择(1) —What's ______ matter with you — I have ______ sore back.A. a; the B. the; a C. /; a D. the; /答案:B。解析:“What's the matter with you ” 是固定句型;“have a sore back” 表示“背痛”,是固定搭配。(2) You ______ go to school if you don't feel well. You'd better see a doctor.A. should B. shouldn't C. can D. can't答案:B。解析:根据“身体不舒服”和“最好看医生”可知不应该去上学,用shouldn't。2. 完成句子(1) 你怎么了?我胃痛。What's ______ ______ with you I have a ______.答案:the matter; stomachache(2) 你应该躺下休息。You should ______ ______ and rest.答案:lie down二、Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city park.(一)词汇1. 重点单词- volunteer:[动词] 义务做;自愿做,常用结构 “volunteer to do sth.” 表示“自愿做某事”,如:Many students volunteer to help the old people on weekends.(许多学生周末自愿帮助老人);[名词] 志愿者,如:She is a volunteer in the animal protection organization.(她是动物保护组织的一名志愿者)。- clean up:打扫干净,代词作宾语时,要放在clean和up中间,如:clean it up(把它打扫干净) ,“clean up the park”(打扫公园)。- cheer up:使变得更高兴;振奋起来,“cheer sb. up” 表示“使某人振奋起来”,如:The good news cheered us up.(这个好消息使我们振奋起来)。- give out:分发;散发,同hand out ,“give out books”(分发书) 。- notice:[名词] 通知;通告;布告,如:put up a notice(张贴通知);[动词] 注意到,察觉到,常见用法 “notice sb. do sth.”(注意到某人做某事,强调动作的全过程)和 “notice sb. doing sth.”(注意到某人正在做某事),如:I noticed him enter the room.(我注意到他进了房间);I noticed her reading a book when I passed by.(我路过时注意到她正在看书)。- sign:[名词] 标志;信号;迹象,如:traffic signs(交通标志);There are no signs of life in the old house.(这所旧房子里没有生命迹象);[动词] 签名;签字,如:Please sign your name here.(请在这里签上你的名字)。- lonely:[形容词] 孤独的;寂寞的,强调情感上的孤独,如:The old man lives alone, and he often feels lonely.(这位老人独自生活,他经常感到孤独) ,注意与alone(独自地,单独地,强调客观上独自一人)的区别 。2. 重点短语- put off:推迟,延期,常接动名词作宾语,即 “put off doing sth.” ,如:We have to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.(因为天气不好,我们不得不推迟运动会)。- come up with:想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等),如:Can you come up with a good idea to solve the problem (你能想出一个好主意来解决这个问题吗?)- care for:照顾;照料,同take care of / look after ,如:She cares for her sick mother at home.(她在家照顾生病的母亲);还可表示“喜欢”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,如:I don't care for that kind of music.(我不喜欢那种音乐)。- try out:参加……选拔;试用,“try out for + 活动或组织” 表示“参加……的选拔” ,如:He tried out for the school football team.(他参加了学校足球队的选拔);“try out sth.” 表示“试用某物”,如:You can try out this new product.(你可以试用一下这个新产品)。- fix up:修理;装饰;安排,“fix up a bike”(修理自行车),“fix up the house”(装修房子),“fix up a meeting”(安排一次会议)。- give away:赠送;捐赠;泄露,“give away sth. to sb.” 表示“把某物赠送给某人”,如:She gave away some clothes to the poor children.(她把一些衣服捐赠给了贫困儿童);“give away a secret”(泄露秘密)。(二)语法动词不定式作宾语和宾语补足语1. 作宾语:有些动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语,常见的有want(想要), hope(希望), decide(决定), plan(计划), expect(期待)等。结构为 “主语 + 这些动词 + to do sth.” ,例如:- I want to go shopping.(我想去购物)- She hopes to visit the Great Wall one day.(她希望有一天能参观长城)2. 作宾语补足语:一些动词后面接宾语后,再接动词不定式作宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态。常见的这类动词有ask(要求), tell(告诉), want(想要), invite(邀请), teach(教)等。结构为 “主语 + 这些动词 + 宾语 + to do sth.” ,例如:- My mother asks me to clean my room.(妈妈让我打扫我的房间)- The teacher teaches us to sing English songs.(老师教我们唱英文歌)3. 动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not,即 “ask/tell/want... sb. not to do sth.” ,表示“要求/告诉/想要……某人不要做某事” ,如:Please tell him not to be late for school.(请告诉他上学不要迟到)。(三)预测月考题目1. 单项选择(1) My brother decided ______ the mountain this weekend.A. climb B. climbing C. to climb D. climbed答案:C。解析:decide to do sth.是固定搭配,表示“决定做某事”。(2) They invited me ______ their party last night.A. to B. for C. at D. in答案:A。解析:invite sb. to...表示“邀请某人去……”,这里是邀请去参加派对。2. 用所给词的适当形式填空(1) The students volunteer ______ (help) the old people in the nursing home.答案:to help 。解析:volunteer to do sth.表示“自愿做某事”。(2) My teacher asked us ______ (not talk) in class.答案:not to talk 。解析:ask sb. not to do sth.表示“要求某人不要做某事”。三、Unit 3 Could you please clean your room (一)词汇1. 重点单词- rubbish:[名词] 垃圾;废弃物,不可数名词,常用短语 “take out the rubbish”(倒垃圾),如:Please take out the rubbish when you go out.(你出去的时候请把垃圾倒掉)。- fold:[动词] 折叠;对折,“fold the clothes”(叠衣服),如:Can you help me fold these clothes (你能帮我叠这些衣服吗?)- sweep:[动词] 扫;打扫,过去式和过去分词为swept - swept ,“sweep the floor”(扫地),如:She swept the floor carefully.(她认真地扫地)。- floor:[名词] 地板;楼层 ,表示“地板”时,与sweep等词搭配,如 “sweep the floor”;表示“楼层”时,英国英语中用 “on the + 序数词 + floor” ,美国英语用 “on the + 基数词 + floor” ,如:My office is on the third floor(英) / the 3rd floor(美).(我的办公室在三楼)。- mess:[名词] 杂乱;不整洁,常用短语 “in a mess”(杂乱无章),如:Your room is in a mess. You should clean it up.(你的房间乱七八糟,你应该打扫一下)。- waste:[名词] 浪费;垃圾,“a waste of time/money”(浪费时间/金钱),如:Watching too much TV is a waste of time.(看太多电视是浪费时间);[动词] 浪费,“waste time/money (in) doing sth.” 或 “waste time/money on sth.” ,如:Don't waste your time playing computer games.(不要浪费时间玩电脑游戏)。- provide:[动词] 提供;供应,常用结构 “provide sb. with sth.” 或 “provide sth. for sb.” ,表示“为某人提供某物”,如:The school provides us with textbooks. = The school provides textbooks for us.(学校为我们提供课本)。- depend:[动词] 依靠;信赖,“depend on”(依靠;取决于),如:Children should not depend too much on their parents.(孩子不应该太依赖父母) 。2. 重点短语- take out the rubbish:倒垃圾,如:Remember to take out the rubbish before you go to bed.(睡觉前记得倒垃圾)。- fold the clothes:叠衣服,如:I often help my mother fold the clothes after dinner.(晚饭后我经常帮妈妈叠衣服)。- sweep the floor:扫地,如:It's your turn to sweep the floor today.(今天轮到你扫地了)。- make one's bed:整理床铺,“one's” 根据句子主语换成相应的形容词性物主代词,如:He makes his bed every morning.(他每天早上整理床铺)。- clean the living room:打扫客厅,如:We need to clean the living room before the guests arrive.(客人来之前我们需要打扫客厅)。- do the dishes:洗餐具,如:After dinner, my sister always does the dishes.(晚饭后,我妹妹总是洗餐具)。- tidy up:整理;收拾,如:Tidy up your toys before you go to bed.(睡觉前把你的玩具收拾好)。(二)语法1. Could you please... 句型- 这是一个用于委婉地提出请求的句型,could在这里不是can的过去式,而是表示语气更加委婉、客气 。结构为 “Could you please + 动词原形 + 其他?” ,例如:Could you please pass me the salt (你能把盐递给我吗?)- 肯定回答常用 “Sure, Of course, Certainly, No problem” 等,如:- —Could you please open the window - —Sure, I'll do it right away.(当然,我马上打开)- 否定回答常用 “Sorry, I can't.” 并说明理由,如:- —Could you please help me with my homework - —Sorry, I can't. I'm very busy now.(对不起,我不能。我现在很忙)2. 辨析:spend, take, cost, pay- spend:主语是人,常用结构为 “spend time/money on sth.” (在某事/物上花费时间/金钱)或 “spend time/money (in) doing sth.” (花费时间/金钱做某事) ,其中in可以省略 。例如:- She spent two hours on her homework. = She spent two hours (in) doing her homework.(她花了两小时做作业)- take:常用于 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.” 句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语 ,意为“做某事花费某人多长时间” 。例如:It takes him 20 minutes to go to school by bike.(他骑自行车上学要花20分钟)- cost:主语是物,表示“某物花费某人多少钱” ,结构为 “sth. costs sb. + 金钱” 。例如:The new bike costs me 500 yuan.(这辆新自行车花了我500元)- pay:主语是人,常与for搭配,表示“为……付款” ,结构为 “sb. pays + 金钱 + for sth.” 。例如:I paid 20 yuan for the pen.(我花20元买了这支钢笔)(三)预测月考题目1. 单项选择- (1) —Could you please ______ the TV I'm doing my homework.—Sorry, I'll turn it down right away.A. turn down B. turn on C. turn up D. turn off答案:A。解析:根据“I'm doing my homework”以及“turn it down right away”可知是请求对方把电视声音调小,turn down表示“调小,调低” ,所以选A;turn on意为“打开”;turn up意为“调大,出现”;turn off意为“关闭” 。- (2) It usually ______ my mother an hour to cook dinner.A. costs B. pays C. takes D. spends答案:C。解析:“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”是固定句型,表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”,这里主语是it,所以用takes;cost主语是物;pay和spend主语是人,且pay常与for搭配,spend常用结构是“spend...on sth./(in) doing sth.” ,所以选C。2. 用所给词的适当形式填空- (1) Could you please ______ (sweep) the floor It's too dirty.答案:sweep 。解析:Could you please 后接动词原形,表示“请你做……好吗” ,所以填sweep。- (2) My father doesn't mind ______ (spend) money on books.答案:spending 。解析:mind doing sth.表示“介意做某事”,所以用spend的动名词形式spending。3. 句型转换- (1) The new bike cost me 300 yuan.(改为同义句)I ______ 300 yuan ______ the new bike.答案:paid; for 。解析:“sth. cost sb. + 金钱”可以转换为“sb. pay + 金钱 + for sth.” ,原句是一般过去时,所以pay变为paid。- (2) They asked me to clean the classroom.(对划线部分提问)______ did they ask you to ______ 答案:What; do 。解析:对“clean the classroom”提问,即询问让做什么,用What提问,to后接动词原形do 。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览