资源简介

(共52张PPT)
Discovering useful structures
Restrictive Attributive Clause
and
Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
The woman who is receiving the prize is Tu Youyou.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
who
关系代词
关系副词
who, whom, which, that, whose, as
where, when, why
关系词的作用：
① 引导作用(引导定语从句)
② 替代作用(替代先行词)
③ 在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系代词
人 主 who/that
宾 who/whom/that/省略
定 whose(=of whom)
物 主 that/which
宾 that/which/省略
定 whose(=of which)
先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系副词
时间名词 时间状语 when
地点名词 地点状语 where
reason 原因状语 why
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定从解题三步法
一划
二查
三找先行词
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一划（划出主句和从句）
1. 【2017·北京】We often think of the days _ ____ we spent together in the countryside.
2. 【2018·天津】 Kate ,___ sister I shared with a room , has gone to work in Australia.
连接词至句末
连接词至句中第二个谓语动词前
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真题演练
【2019·天津】My eldest son,_____work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the monment.
【2016· 北京】The exact year_____Tom and his family spent together in China was 2009.
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二查 （查看从句结构是否完整）
1. This is the house _____ he used to live in.
2. This is the house_____ he used to live.
缺宾语-用关系代词
不缺主干成分-地点状语-关系副词
the house
the house
in
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三找先行词
1. I can think of many cases ________ the media have a strong effect on young men.
2. Those ______ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
who
where
地点名词模糊化，抽象空间概念如：case，condition，situation，position，point，stage,process名词为先行词时，关系副词用where
情况
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结题总结
第一步
第三步
划分主从句
查看从句成分
是否完整
找到先行词
第二步
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
non-restrictive relative clauses
一、形式不同
限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，其间通常不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词关系不密切，常用逗号隔开。如：
The number of people who/that own cars is increasing.
I spoke to Dr. Smith just now, who is always ready to help others.
二、作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉会造成句意的不完整；
非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰，补充解释说明或对主句进行评述，去掉不影响。如：
Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity.
The driver, who was very young, had only just got his license.
三、先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句。如：
Things then improved, which surprised me. （先行词为整个主句）
四、关系词不同
非限制性定语从句不用that, why引导；
非限制性定语从句中通常不省略关系词。
如：
There were very few passengers that/who had escaped without serious injury.
There were very few passengers, who had escaped without serious injury.
Have you found the book (that/which) you want
关系副词或“介词+ which / whom”可引导限制性定语从句，也引导非限制性定语从句。如：
He was born in the year when/in which the war broke out.
We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, where/in which my grandparents live.
限制性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause )与非限制性定语从句 (Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)的区别
区别 限制性定从 非限制性定从
结构 无逗号与主句分开，口语中不停顿。 有逗号与主句分开，口语中有停顿。
区别 限制性定从 非限制性定从
与先行词关系 密切，不可缺少，否则先行词意义不清。 不太密切，去掉的话，先行词意义仍清楚。
作用 对先行词修饰、限定。 对先行词补充、说明新信息。
区别 限制性定从 非限制性定从
引导词 口语中用that可替代who/whom/ which/when/where/ why, 并可省略。 不可用that替代who/whom/which/ where/when，并不可省略。不可用why引导。
区别 限制性定从 非限制性定从
先行词 任何名词或代词 专有名词﹑独一无二意义的名词或被名词所有格﹑物主代词或指示代词所修饰的名词、整个主句。
译法 “……的” 译成并列分句
区别 限制性定从 非限制性定从
意义 先行词为众多的人或物之一， 不为听话人所知，用定语从句加以限定和识别。 先行词为听话人所知，具有唯一性。
【即学即练】判断下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，哪些是非限制性定语从句
①People who take physical exercise live longer.
②His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.
③Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.
④He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
⑤Taobao is a website where you can buy what you want at a good price.
限制性定语从句是_____________句，
非限制性定语从句是___________________句。
① ⑤
② ③ ④
限制性定语从句中，as常用于下列句式
such + 名词 +as +从句 像……一样的；像……之类
the same +名词+ as +从句 和…同样的
e.g.: I have the same book as he has.
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
as 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或者表语。
1. These houses are sold at such a low price ________ people expected.
2. He is not the same man ________ he was.
as
as
1.as is known to all= as we all know 众所周知
2.as is said 正如所说的
3.as you can see = as can be seen 正如你所看见的
4.as is reported 正如报道的
5.as is expected 正如预料的
6.as is pointed out 正如指出的
7.as a famous saying goes正如一句谚语所说/俗话说
8.as is mentioned above正如以上提到的
非限制性定语从句中，as常用于下列句式
e.g.: As is known to us all, Zhong Nanshan is one of the greatest physicians in China.
as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的某一名词或代词
位置 可位于主句之前、之中 或之后 可位于主句之中或之后，
不能位于主句之前
意义 “正如，就像… ” “这，那”
功能 起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句，在意义上相当于一个并列句
【即学即练】完成句子（用as/which填空）
①正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。
She is always working hard，____ everyone can see.
②这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。
The book，______ I bought yesterday, is very instructive.
③她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。
______ everyone can see, she is honest.
= She is honest，_______ everyone can see.
④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
______ we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health.
⑤汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。
Tom suddenly fell ill，_______ made us very sad.
as
which
As
as
As
which
Summary
The Non-restrictive Relative Clause
Hangzhou is a beautiful city, _____________ people can visit the famous West Lake.
2. Beijing, _________ is the capital of China,
has a very long history.
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. The young man had a new girl friend,
________ is a pop star.
Exercises
which
As
who
where/in which
5. I should thank my teacher, with _____
help, I solved the problem.
6. He once worked on the Bird’s Nest,
____ _______ his son is proud.
whose
of
which
7. I have a sister ________ is a doctor.
我有一个当医生的的姐姐。（不止一个姐姐）
8. I have a sister, _______ is a doctor.
我有一个姐姐，她是一个医生。（只有一个姐姐）
who/that
who
9. The number of people ______ were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
10. But the one million people of the city, ______ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
who
who
11. This gift was the Amber Room(琥珀屋) , ________ was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.
12. The amber(琥珀) __________ was selected has beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.
which
that/which
13. This is Henry, _______ wife works for my brother-in-law.
14. This is the man ________ car has been lost.
15. She gave me this sweater, _____ she had knitted (编织) herself.
16. She gave me a sweater _______ she had knitted herself.
whose
whose
which
(that/which)
17. Martin’s garage, ____ ____ the car had been taken, was not far away.
18. The garage ____ _____ the car had been taken was not far away.
19. This was a time ________ the two countries were at war.
20. I’m seeing the manager tomorrow, _________ he will be back from New York.
to which
to which
when
when
易错对比练习
1. 1)Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．
2)Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．
2. 1) It was eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
2) It was at eleven o’clock _____ they went out of the cinema.
3 .1) It was in the hospital______ he came across a friend of his.
2)It was the hospital ______ he came across a friend of his.
whom
them
when
that
where
that
4. 1). We should go to the place _____ we are most needed.
2). We should go to the place _____ needs us most.
5. 1). Mother didn't come back on December 25, _____was my birthday.
2). Mother didn't come back home on December 25, _____she was busy working.
where
which/that
which
when
6.1). This is the room _____ he lived in his childhood.
2). This is the room _____ he lived in last year.
7. 1) The teacher didn’t know the reason _______ she was absent yesterday
2) The teacher couldn’t accept the reason _______ she explained yesterday
8.1) We must learn to act in ways ______ do not harm other living things.
2) I don’t like the way___________________he spoke to his mother.
3) This is the way___________he thought of to solve the problem.
where
which
why
which/that
which/that
that/in which/不填
which/that
9.1).He is such a good teacher ______ we all like.
2). He is such a good teacher ______ we all like him.
3). He is a good teacher, ______makes us respect him.
10. 1)Rice doesn’t grow well _____ there is not enough water.
2)I still remember the farm _____ my parents worked ten years ago.
as
that
which
where
where
11.1) _____ we all know, China is rich in natural resources.
2) _____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
3) _____ is well-known to us all is that China is rich in natural resources.
12. 1) I’m surprised at all _____ he said at the meeting.
2) I’m surprised at _____ he said at the meeting.

What
As
It
that
what
1. Do you want a friend _________ you could tell everything to
2. Your friend, ________ doesn't work hard, asks you to help him/her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper.
2. Fill in each blank with
relative pronouns and adverbs
or make a choice.
(who/whom/that）
who
3. She brought with her three friends, none of _____ I had ever met before.
4. I want you to meet my friend Marjorie, ___________ I think I mentioned in my last letter.
5. The watch __________ you gave me keeps perfect time.
6. The watch, ________ my grand-father bought, is still in good order.
whom
who/whom
(that/which)
which
7. My grandfather's watch, ______ parts are too small to been seen, still keeps perfect time.
8. The school _______ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.
9. Yesterday I went to the school, ______ I met Mr. Zhang.
whose
where
where
13. The man ________________ you met yeasterday and ___________ name often appears in the newspaper is a famous scientist.
14. The winner was a Brailian player, ______ name I have forgot.
15. He showed a new computer, _______ low price will make it very attractive to students.
(whom/who/that)
whose
whose
whose
16. On April 1st they flew to Beijing, _____ they stayed several days.
17. It was heard in Beijing, _______ was one hundred kilometres away.
18. The last time I went to Scotland was in May, ______ the weather was beautiful.
19. Carol said the work would be done by October, ________ personally I doubt very much.
which
where
which
when
20. Sally went out with George, _______ made Paul very angry.
21. Sally went out with George, _________ Paul was very angry with.
22. He showed me a photo ________ upset me.
23. He tore up (撕碎) my photo, _______ upset me.
which
who/whom
that/which
which
The End
London has a population of about 7,000,000. It lies on the River Tames, ________ the Romans landed nearly 2,000 years ago. From about 1800 _________ World War Two, London was the biggest city in the world, ________
where
to/until/till
but
语法填空 （一）
now there are many cities ________ are much bigger.
London is famous for many things. Tourists come from all over the world to visit its historic buildings, such as Buckingham Palace, _______ the Queen lives, and the Houses of Parliament, _________ you can see and hear the famous
which
where
where
clock, Big Ben. They ________ come to visit its theatres, its museums, and its many shops, such as Harrods, __________ you can buy anything. And of course they want to ride on the big wheel next to the river!
_______ many big cities, London has problems with traffic and pollution. Over 1, 000,000 people a day use the London
also
where
Like
Underground, ________ there are still too many cars on the streets. The air isn’t clean, _______ it is cleaner than it was 100 years ago.
For me, the best thing about London is the parks, of _______ five are in the city centre. But my children’s favourite place is Hamleys, _________is the biggest toy shop in the world!
but
although
which
which
I was born in Newcastle, a city in the north-east of England. New-castle is on the bank of the river Tyne. It is quite big, _________ a population of about 200, 000 people. There is a cathedral and a university. There are five bridges ________ the River Tyne, ______ links Newcastle
语法填空 （二）
with
over
which
to the next town Gateshead, ______ there is one of the biggest shopping centres in the world, the Metro Centre.
A few years ago, the main industries were shipbuilding and coal-mining, ________ now the chemical and soap industries are more important.
where
but
I moved from Newcastle ten years ago but I often return. I miss the people, _________ are so warm and friendly, and I miss the wild, beautiful countryside near the city, ________ there are so many hills and streams.
People _________ are born near the River Tyne have a special
who
where
who
name. They __________ (call) ‘Geordies’. I am very pleased to be a ‘Geordie’!
are called

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