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2025年中考英语时文阅读专题（01）
文章导读
【阅读理解】议论文，说明文
A篇：自动驾驶：无人驾驶引潮流，智慧出行乐翻天！
B篇：自动驾驶：自动驾驶汽车如何自己“开车”？多亏了传感器！
C篇：自动驾驶：黑客入侵、车路协同 ..... 自动驾驶面临的技术难题原来这么多！广泛应用还需时间。
D篇：自动驾驶：左转还是右转？自动驾驶常常面临“生死抉择”。 本文探讨道德困境、事故责任及规则制定难题。
E篇：自动驾驶：自动驾驶的“领头羊”---特斯拉. 文章介绍特斯拉自动驾驶技术，包括 Autopilot 及其发展，还有新的 Cybercab 及面临的问题
F篇：世界遗产：福建土楼——建筑瑰宝，也是文化传承。也见证千年变迁。
【阅读理解】记叙文：记叙文：洗涤心灵，启迪智慧，传播正能量 的故事
G篇： 面对生活中的困境，努力寻找自我价值。鼓励人们克服自身的阻碍去追求目标。
【完形填空】
中国传统经典故事——《三顾茅庐》
【语法填空】
古诗欣赏——柳宗元《江雪》
阅读理解A
Imagine this: You jump into a car on a weekend morning, and it takes you to where you want to go without needing any directions. When it drops you off, it drives itself back home, so you don’t have to worry about parking. This is what self-driving cars can do.
A self-driving car, also called an autonomous or driverless car, is a car that can sense its surroundings (周围环境) and drive without human help. Depending on how advanced (先进的) the car is, it might need different levels of human help. At the highest levels, a person might not need to control the car at all. But at lower levels, a person might still need to step in sometimes.
However, making self-driving cars isn’t simple. According to Wired, it’s a whole system with different parts that need care. Things like road networks influence it.
Although making self-driving cars takes a lot of time and money, the benefits (益处) are worth it. For example, these cars could reduce road accidents. US government data shows that 94 percent of crashes happen because of drivers’ mistakes. This means spending less money on medical bills , less missed work and fewer car repairs.
Self-driving cars can also give more freedom to people with disabilities (残疾). Besides, these cars could use less fuel (汽油) and produce less pollution by cutting down on traffic jams and not running when they’re not needed.
Many big companies such as Baidu and Tesla are making self-driving cars. Wired magazine said this technology could add $7 trillion (more than 49 trillion yuan) to the world economy soon. Goldman Sachs, a global investment bank, said self-driving cars could make up 10 percent of new car sales by 2030.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. To teach how to park a self-driving car.
B. To explain how to drive a self-driving car.
C. To tell where you can buy a self-driving car
D. To introduce what self-driving cars can do.
2. Why might a self-driving car still need help from a human, according to Paragraph 2
A. The car is new to the road.
B. The car is not advanced enough yet.
C. The car cannot communicate with its passengers.
D. The car is still learning how to work with humans.
3. How can self-driving cars help reduce road accidents
A. By driving shorter distances. B. By avoiding traffic jams.
C. By reducing drivers’ mistakes. D. By not running when not needed.
4. Why are some big companies making self-driving cars, according to the last paragraph
A. They have enough time and money.
B. They see the advantages of self-driving cars.
C. They want to make cars less expensive.
D. They use self-driving cars to test new technology.
5. According to Goldman Sachs, the future of self-driving cars is _____.
A. bright B. unknown C. dangerous D. troublesome
阅读理解B
Self-driving cars do not have people telling them what to do. They move themselves about safely by doing three things right: learning about the environment, deciding what to do next, and taking action.
First, the car needs to know what is around it. It uses many different sensors (传感器) to do this. These sensors, such as cameras and radar, are like the car’s “eyes”. They allow the car to “see” things such as people and traffic lights. The sensors also help the car know where and how fast it is going.
Besides knowing what is close by, a self-driving car makes plans ahead to avoid traffic accidents. This is where “vehicle to everything” (V2X) comes in. This technology connects a self-driving car with people and things. It also allows the car to go online. All these things help the car “talk” with the outside world and get the latest road information.
After receiving the information, the car needs to “read” it and decide what to do. So it combines the information from all sensors, just like putting together the pieces of a puzzle. This process is called multi-sensor fusion (多传感器融合). Machine learning plays an important role here because it helps the car recognize people and objects. Then, the car can decide when to stop, go, or turn.
Finally, to carry out decisions, the car uses drive-by-wire technology (线控技术). It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels, brakes (刹车) and engine in the form of electronic signals (电子信号). This makes different parts of the car respond quickly. The car also uses less oil this way, which is good for the environment.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Ways to use different sensors in self-driving cars.
B. The differences between the “eyes” of cars and humans.
C. How self-driving cars learn about their environment.
D. When and where self-driving cars work the best.
2. What does V2X technology do
A. It allows the car to see in the dark.
B. It allows the car to connect with people and things.
C. It allows the car to connect with other cars.
D. It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels.
3. What does multi-sensor fusion mean
A. Getting all road information.
B. Using AI technology to finish a puzzle.
C. Putting together information from all sensors.
D. Connecting self-driving cars with each other on the road.
4. What do we know about drive-by-wire technology
A. It helps self-driving cars drive faster.
B. It allows self-driving cars to run without oil.
C. It can collect signals from different traffic lights.
D. It helps control the movement of self-driving cars.
5. What is the text mainly about
A. How self-driving cars work.
B. Why self-driving cars are good.
C. The development of self-driving cars.
D. The safety issues of self-driving cars.
阅读理解C
Autonomous driving is becoming an important part of future transportation, but it still faces many challenges with technology and infrastructure (基础建设).
A report from China Youth Daily explains that there are two main types of self-driving systems today: those that use cameras and those that use LiDAR (激光雷达). Each system has its own problems. For example, Tesla’s system uses cameras and deep learning, without high-precision (高精度的) maps. It works well in clear weather but has trouble in bad conditions like heavy rain or fog. Other companies, like Xpeng Motors, use LiDAR technology, but it is expensive, around 7,000 yuan for each system, making it hard to use widely.
Another problem is keeping the cars safe from hackers (黑客). Hackers can break into the car’s system and take control of it using the internet. This could cause accidents or lead to the hackers asking for money.
Self-driving cars can have problems when something unexpected happens. For example, if a traffic light stops working, the car might not know what to do because it is only trained to follow the light. Also, if a child runs into the street, the car needs to react fast, but sometimes its sensors might not see the child in time.
Besides these technical problems， the infrastructure for autonomous driving is still in the early stages of exploration , said the BBC. Many cities don’t have a clear plan for their traffic systems. Self-driving cars need to share data quickly and have powerful computers. Making cars and roads work together needs a lot of teamwork. But right now, many cities don’t have the technology to send data fast enough.
“Even though self-driving cars perform as well as or even better than humans in some situations, it will still take time before they can be widely used,” said Zhang Yongwei, an electric vehicle (电动汽车) expert.
1. What is one big challenge for Tesla’s self-driving system
A. High cost of built-in cameras.
B. Trouble working well in bad weather.
C. Difficulty in using deep machine learning.
D. Dependence on high-precision maps.
2. Why isn’t LiDAR technology widely used
A. It is not safe enough. B. It needs high-precision maps.
C. It is very expensive. D. It is still under development.
3. What does Paragraph 3 say about self-driving cars
A. They don’t break down often.
B. They can protect themselves from hackers.
C. They can be hacked and controlled.
D. They can deal with accidents by themselves.
4. Why is the current infrastructure a problem for using self-driving cars
A. Not all roads have traffic lights.
B. Data is not shared quickly enough.
C. Many cities may not have enough computers to process data.
D. Self-driving cars can only run on straight roads.
5. How does Zhang Yongwei see the future of self-driving cars
A. They will never perform as well as human drivers.
B. They will soon replace all human-driven cars.
C. They will cause many social problems.
D. They need more time to develop.
阅读理解D
Imagine you are in an autonomous vehicle (AV) and face this terrible choice: The car must either turn left and hit a young girl, or turn right and hit many pedestrians (行人). On top of this “moral dilemma (道德困境)”, if the car doesn’t turn, you might get hurt. What decision would you expect the AV to make
In life-and-death situations, should AVs put passengers first or pedestrians Should AVs prioritize (优先考虑) the greater good or one person’s safety These have been a central topic for several years. However, there can be no completely perfect solution.
“A moral dilemma is a dilemma; it has no clear solution by design (设计),” wrote Derek Leben, a professor of ethics (伦理学) at the Tepper School of Business, US, in his paper.
When studying these questions of AVs, Iyad Rahwan, an MIT scientist, found that people are selfish. “People buying these cars, they want cars that prioritize the passenger,” Rahwan told Science News. “But they want other people’s cars to protect pedestrians instead.”
AVs bring not only moral dilemmas but also other challenges. When there is an accident, who should be responsible for it, the company of the AV, or the “driver”
In July, a self-driving taxi by Baidu hit a pedestrian in Wuhan, Hubei, who ran a red light. Baidu worked with the police and took the pedestrian to the hospital. In another accident in April in Seattle, US, the responsibility fell on the “driver” since the “driver” was on his phone while in the full self-driving (supervised) mode (监督式全自动驾驶模式).
The situations of different accidents caused by AVs are so complicated (复杂的) that “now there are no clear regulations”, Ji Xuehong, a researcher from North China University of Technology, told National Business Daily. “And the regulations for different levels from L2 to L4 are also different,” Ji added.
1. How does the author introduce the topic of moral dilemmas faced by AVs
A. By introducing the rules for self-driving cars.
B. By explaining what moral dilemmas mean.
C. By giving an example of a hard decision.
D. By introducing how self-driving cars work.
2. What does Derek Leben think about the moral dilemma
A. It can be dealt with easily. B. There is no perfect solution.
C. It can be avoided by design. D. It won’t happen in real life.
3. According to Iyad Rahwan’s research, what kind of AVs do people want for themselves
A. One that can make moral decisions.
B. One that puts pedestrians’ safety first.
C. One that protects everyone equally.
D. One that keeps its passengers safest.
4. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about
A. Real-life examples of AV accidents in China.
B. Arguments caused by AV accidents.
C. Ways to stop accidents between AVs and pedestrians.
D. Different situations of accidents caused by AVs.
5. What does Ji Xuehong express about AVs in the last paragraph
A. It’s hard to control self-driving cars.
B. It’s hard to make rules for AVs.
C. AVs can cause a lot of trouble.
D. The regulations for AVs will come out soon.
阅读理解E
As a top world carmaker, Tesla is leading the way in self-driving technology. The company’s CEO, Elon Musk, has promised an exciting future where Teslas drive themselves. Much of this promise is focused on Autopilot, Tesla’s advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). It is designed to make driving safer.
Autopilot officially came out in 2015. It can reduce the work drivers need to do at the wheel. Today, the system becomes standard on every new Tesla. It includes features like Autosteer (自动驾驶) and Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (交通感知巡航控制), which together help a car match its speed to that of nearby traffic and stay within a clearly marked lane (车道).
The Autopilot system requires special tools to collect and process data (数据). The first tool, named “Hardware 1”, used a camera, radar and ultrasonic sensors (超声波传感器) to provide driving help. In 2016, “Hardware 2” was introduced. It was improved to include eight cameras, a radar sensor and 12 ultrasonic sensors. With better tools, Tesla introduced Enhanced (增强版) Autopilot later that same year. It has new features that help cars to change lanes and park by themselves.
In 2017, Tesla began selling a more advanced model of Autopilot, calling it “Full Self-Driving” (FSD). In addition to the features of Basic and Enhanced Autopilot, FSD can see and stop for traffic lights. However, both Autopilot and FSD require active driver control and do not make the car fully autonomous .
Another major development came in October 2024, when Musk showed the company’s new robotaxi, called the “Cybercab”. Expected to be available before 2027, Cybercab will have no steering wheel (方向盘). “You could fall asleep and wake up at your destination ,” said Musk at the company event. However, experts aren’t sure if these Tesla taxis will be on the roads soon because there are still many problems to solve and safety tests to pass.
1. Why did Tesla design Autopilot
A. To make driving safer.
B. To test new driving technology.
C. To collect information about self-driving cars.
D. To let self-driving cars run at a fixed speed.
2. When did Tesla introduce Enhanced Autopilot
A. In 2015. B. In 2016. C. In 2017. D. In 2018.
3. What can Enhanced Autopilot help cars do
A. Drive by themselves at night. B. Stay in a marked lane.
C. Change lanes and park by themselves. D. Use radar and sensors to drive.
4. How is FSD different from Basic and Enhanced Autopilot
A. It needs active driver control. B. It can stop for traffic lights.
C. It has a feature called Autosteer. D. It makes the car fully self-driving.
5. What do we know about Tesla’s Cybercab, according to the last paragraph
A. It was made by Tesla and a taxi company.
B. It can help people sleep better.
C. It is already available to buy.
D. It still needs to pass safety tests.
阅读理解F
Take a look at this old round structure (结构) made of earth and wood, where history comes alive. Welcome to Fujian’s tulou!
There are thousands of tulou across Fujian, with Yongding being home to 1,768 of them. They were built by the Hakka people (客家人), a group who moved from China’s central plains (中原) to the mountains in the south to avoid wars centuries ago.
Have you ever dreamed of spending a day living in a tulou Now, that dream can come true. Shengheng Lou (升恒楼), a tulou in Yongding with nearly four centuries of history, has now become a hotel. It has been turned from an old building into a fine hotel with lots of money put into it. Last year, around 5,000 guests stayed in the hotel.
Lin Hui, the manager, understands the building and its history. She was born in 1986 inside the walls of another tulou in Yongding. According to Lin, the building will become weak if it is no longer in use. Every space in a tulou is connected (相连的), so if one room becomes weak, the nearby rooms can also fall.
The rebuilding fixed the old problems and also added important things like toilets. Steel was added to make the mostly wooden building stronger.
In Fujian, 46 tulou were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2018, including 23 in Yongding.
Lin Shangkang, a 52-year-old local man, lives in another World Heritage site, Zhencheng Lou (振成楼). He works as a tour guide to his home. “I never get tired of telling visitors about the history of this place; I enjoy it,” Lin said. His great-grandfather and his brothers built the building a century ago. Today, the tulou is still home to 18 families. Together, there are about 80 people living there.
Zeng Jieshan, a 16-year-old high school student from Shenzhen, Guangdong, traveled four hours by train to experience the tulou up close. “I used to think ancient buildings were mostly temples or royal palaces, like the Forbidden City,” Zeng said. “But here in the tulou, people still live happily.”
1.How many tulou are there in Yongding
A. 1,768 B. 5,000 C. 46 D. 23
2.Why did they list 46 tulou as World Heritage Sites
A. Because they are beautiful. B. Because they are old.
C. Because of their historical value. D. Because they are large.
3. What influence we can know from the listing of tulou as UNESCO World Heritage Sites
A. The number of people living in tulou dropped a lot.
B. The tourism value of tulou went up.
C. The architectural style of tulou changed little by little.
D. The cost of maintaining tulou went down a great deal.
4.Why was steel put in when the tulou was rebuilt
A. To make the tulou look better.
B. To make the tulou stronger against earthquakes.
C. To make the mostly wooden parts stronger.
D. To make it easier for air to get inside the tulou.
5.What does the 16 - year - old high school student Zeng Jieshan's experience show
A. Only local people like tulou.
B. People of different ages like tulou.
C. The youth prefer modern architecture to ancient buildings.
D. Young people are interested in royal palaces and temples.
阅读理解G
Life has a way of shaping us. Life can make you doubt or question your purpose. These are thoughts that I have had in my head for many years. Poetry prepares me for my purpose. My purpose is poetry.
In my journey toward purpose, poetry is my safety net. I started writing at the age of 5. By 13, I had written quite a lot of poems. Poetry was my escape from bullying . I experienced from some people around me. They bullied me because of the way I looked. This gave me low self-esteem (自尊). Poetry was my way to be seen, be heard and be known.
For each important moment in my life, I write poetry. In tough times, I write poetry. I connect with poetry on a deep level. It releases me from pain. However, writing poetry can’t support me. So I turned to teaching instead.
While living in China, I worked as an English teacher. I help teach two classes. The two Chinese teachers I work with gave me feedback on how to teach the students English. They also decided what I needed to do in the classroom. With challenging situations like this, I continue writing poetry. I write down my feelings. I reflect. I embrace (欣然接受) a new me. I learn to think positively. My relationship with poetry has grown over time. Poetry stays in the depths of my soul.
Nothing is stopping you. The only person standing in your way is you. You have the power. Keep going. Keep believing. Remember that your hard work is not in vain. Go for it! Your purpose is waiting for you!
1. Why did the author say poetry was her safety net
A. It was a way for her to question her life.
B. It made her popular among her co-workers.
C. It gave her a sense of achievement.
D. It provided her with relief from pain.
2. Why did the author decide to become a teacher
A. To earn more money to support herself.
B. To help kids learn how to write poems.
C. To develop a healthy lifestyle.
D. To win other people’s respect.
3. What does the underlined phrase “in vain” in the last paragraph mean
A. in need B. important C. of no use D. successful
4. What does the author want to tell us in the end
A. Have fun being creative in what you do.
B. Self-belief will help us achieve our purpose.
C. Be brave to say no while being treated unfairly.
D. Failure is the mother of success.
完形填空
The Story of Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage
A long time ago in China, there was a wise man named Zhuge Liang. He lived in a small thatched cottage(茅庐)in the mountains. He was very ___1______ and knew a lot about how to win wars.
Liu Bei was a brave man who wanted to make the country better. He ____2____ Zhuge Liang and wanted him to help. So, Liu Bei went to the ___3_____to find Zhuge Liang. But when he got there, Zhuge Liang was not at home. He was out reading books or thinking about important things. Liu Bei was sad, but he didn't give up.
After a few days, Liu Bei went to the thatched cottage again. This time, Zhuge Liang was ____4____. Liu Bei waited ____5_____ outside. He didn't want to wake up Zhuge Liang because he knew Zhuge Liang needed rest to think clearly. But when Zhuge Liang woke up, he still didn't want to help Liu Bei. He thought Liu Bei was just an ordinary man，He didn’t quite ___6_____ him.
Liu Bei was very ____7_____ but he still didn't lose hope. He waited for a few more days and went to the thatched cottage for the third time. This time, Zhuge Liang was at home and they talked for a long time. Liu Bei told Zhuge Liang about his ____8_____ and how he wanted to make the people happy. Zhuge Liang was moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and _____9____. He finally agreed to help Liu Bei.
With Zhuge Liang's help, Liu Bei became stronger and stronger. They worked together and did many great things. The story of the three visits to the thatched cottage tells us that if we are sincere and never give up, we can ___10_____our goals and find the help we need.
1. A. caring B. understanding C. patient D. smart
2. A. heard from B. learnt about C. heard about D. learnt from
3. A. grounds B. mountain C. rivers D. lands
4. A. working B. writing C. sleeping D. cooking
5. A. quietly B. carefully C. politely D. worriedly
6. A. recognize B. respect C. admire D. understand
7. A. interested B. disappointed C. surprised D. shocked
8. A. programmes B. projects C. feelings D. dreams
9. A. decision B. solution C. determination D. fearlessness
10. A. find B. achieve C. encourage D. increase
语法填空
《江雪》
柳宗元
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。　
From hill to hill no bird in flight,
From path to path no man in sight
A lonely fisherman afloat,
Is fishing snow in lonely boat
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Translated Xu Yuangchong
　　"River Snow"　is a famous poem written by Liu Zongyuan. He was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty of China.　He lived from 773 to 819. During his life, he had many ups and downs. He was once a government official, but he faced a lot of difficulties and even he 1.__________ (send) to a faraway place.　His life was not easy,　2._______ he still loved nature and wrote many beautiful poems.
　　In this poem,　Liu Zongyuan paints a picture of a cold winter day. There are no birds flying from hill to hill.　There are no people 3.________(walk) on the paths.　Everything seems quiet and lonely.　But in the middle of this 4.________(snow) world,　there is a man. He is wearing a straw cloak and he is fishing on the river. This man is like 5_________ poet himself.　He is alone, but he is not afraid 6_______the cold and the loneliness. He is enjoying the beauty of nature.
　　The way Liu Zongyuan writes this poem is very special. He uses simple words, but they create a strong image in 7.________(we) minds. He doesn't say much, but we can feel the cold, the quietness and the beauty of the snow. He also uses contrast. The big, empty world and the small, lonely man make us think more about life and nature.
　This poem shows us the 8._________( poet) feelings.　He is sad and lonely, but he also finds peace and beauty in nature.　Even when life is hard, we can still find something good and enjoy it. Many people 9.________( loved) this poem for hundreds of years. It teaches us to be strong and to love nature.　It also makes us think about our own lives and how we can find__________( happy) in the world around us.
阅读理解A
Imagine this: You jump into a car on a weekend morning, and it takes you to where you want to go without needing any directions. When it drops you off, it drives itself back home, so you don’t have to worry about parking. This is what self-driving cars can do.
A self-driving car, also called an autonomous or driverless car, is a car that can sense its surroundings (周围环境) and drive without human help. Depending on how advanced (先进的) the car is, it might need different levels of human help. At the highest levels, a person might not need to control the car at all. But at lower levels, a person might still need to step in sometimes.
However, making self-driving cars isn’t simple. According to Wired, it’s a whole system with different parts that need care. Things like road networks influence it.
Although making self-driving cars takes a lot of time and money, the benefits (益处) are worth it. For example, these cars could reduce road accidents. US government data shows that 94 percent of crashes happen because of drivers’ mistakes. This means spending less money on medical bills , less missed work and fewer car repairs.
Self-driving cars can also give more freedom to people with disabilities (残疾). Besides, these cars could use less fuel (汽油) and produce less pollution by cutting down on traffic jams and not running when they’re not needed.
Many big companies such as Baidu and Tesla are making self-driving cars. Wired magazine said this technology could add $7 trillion (more than 49 trillion yuan) to the world economy soon. Goldman Sachs, a global investment bank, said self-driving cars could make up 10 percent of new car sales by 2030.
1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. To teach how to park a self-driving car.
B. To explain how to drive a self-driving car.
C. To tell where you can buy a self-driving car
D. To introduce what self-driving cars can do.
2. Why might a self-driving car still need help from a human, according to Paragraph 2
A. The car is new to the road.
B. The car is not advanced enough yet.
C. The car cannot communicate with its passengers.
D. The car is still learning how to work with humans.
3. How can self-driving cars help reduce road accidents
A. By driving shorter distances. B. By avoiding traffic jams.
C. By reducing drivers’ mistakes. D. By not running when not needed.
4. Why are some big companies making self-driving cars, according to the last paragraph
A. They have enough time and money.
B. They see the advantages of self-driving cars.
C. They want to make cars less expensive.
D. They use self-driving cars to test new technology.
5. According to Goldman Sachs, the future of self-driving cars is _____.
A. bright B. unknown C. dangerous D. troublesome
【答案】DBCBA
【解析】文章围绕自动驾驶汽车，阐述其功能、发展难点、优势及大公司的参与和光明前景。
1.D细节理解题。第一段描述了在周末早晨跳进一辆汽车，它能带你去想去的地方且不需要导航，把你送到目的地后还能自己开回家，不用担心停车问题，这些都是在介绍自动驾驶汽车能做什么。答案是 D。
2.B．推理判断题。根据第二段 “Depending on how advanced (先进的) the car is, it might need different levels of human help.”（取决于汽车有多先进，它可能需要不同程度的人类帮助）可知，自动驾驶汽车还需要人类帮助是因为汽车还不够先进。答案是 B。
3.C 推理判断题。文中提到 “US government data shows that 94 percent of crashes happen because of drivers’ mistakes.”（美国政府数据显示 94% 的碰撞是因为司机的错误），所以自动驾驶汽车能减少司机的错误从而减少道路事故。答案是 C。
4.B 推理判断题。最后一段提到自动驾驶汽车能减少道路事故、给残疾人更多自由、减少污染等益处，许多大公司制造自动驾驶汽车是因为他们看到了自动驾驶汽车的优势。答案是 B。
5.A 推理判断题。由 “Goldman Sachs, a global investment bank, said self - driving cars could make up 10 percent of new car sales by 2030.”（高盛，一家全球投资银行，表示到 2030 年自动驾驶汽车可能占新车销售的 10%）可知，高盛认为自动驾驶汽车的未来是光明的。答案是 A。
阅读理解B
Self-driving cars do not have people telling them what to do. They move themselves about safely by doing three things right: learning about the environment, deciding what to do next, and taking action.
First, the car needs to know what is around it. It uses many different sensors (传感器) to do this. These sensors, such as cameras and radar, are like the car’s “eyes”. They allow the car to “see” things such as people and traffic lights. The sensors also help the car know where and how fast it is going.
Besides knowing what is close by, a self-driving car makes plans ahead to avoid traffic accidents. This is where “vehicle to everything” (V2X) comes in. This technology connects a self-driving car with people and things. It also allows the car to go online. All these things help the car “talk” with the outside world and get the latest road information.
After receiving the information, the car needs to “read” it and decide what to do. So it combines the information from all sensors, just like putting together the pieces of a puzzle. This process is called multi-sensor fusion (多传感器融合). Machine learning plays an important role here because it helps the car recognize people and objects. Then, the car can decide when to stop, go, or turn.
Finally, to carry out decisions, the car uses drive-by-wire technology (线控技术). It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels, brakes (刹车) and engine in the form of electronic signals (电子信号). This makes different parts of the car respond quickly. The car also uses less oil this way, which is good for the environment.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Ways to use different sensors in self-driving cars.
B. The differences between the “eyes” of cars and humans.
C. How self-driving cars learn about their environment.
D. When and where self-driving cars work the best.
2. What does V2X technology do
A. It allows the car to see in the dark.
B. It allows the car to connect with people and things.
C. It allows the car to connect with other cars.
D. It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels.
3. What does multi-sensor fusion mean
A. Getting all road information.
B. Using AI technology to finish a puzzle.
C. Putting together information from all sensors.
D. Connecting self-driving cars with each other on the road.
4. What do we know about drive-by-wire technology
A. It helps self-driving cars drive faster.
B. It allows self-driving cars to run without oil.
C. It can collect signals from different traffic lights.
D. It helps control the movement of self-driving cars.
5. What is the text mainly about
A. How self-driving cars work.
B. Why self-driving cars are good.
C. The development of self-driving cars.
D. The safety issues of self-driving cars.
【答案】CBCDA
【解析】文章主要讲解自动驾驶汽车安全行驶的原理，包括利用传感器了解环境、借助技术做决策及通过线控技术执行动作等。
1.C第二段主要讲述了自动驾驶汽车如何利用传感器（如摄像头和雷达等）来了解周围环境，这些传感器就像汽车的 “眼睛”，能让汽车 “看到” 人和交通灯等事物，还能知道自己的位置和速度。所以这一段主要是关于自动驾驶汽车如何了解其周围环境的，故选 C。
2.B．根据文章第三段 “This technology connects a self - driving car with people and things.” 可知，V2X 技术能让汽车与人和物连接，故选 B。
3.C文章中提到 “So it combines the information from all sensors, just like putting together the pieces of a puzzle. This process is called multi - sensor fusion.”，即多传感器融合意味着将所有传感器的信息整合在一起，就像拼图一样，故选 C。
4.D从文章最后一段 “Finally, to carry out decisions, the car uses drive - by - wire technology. It allows the car to give “orders” to its wheels, brakes and engine in the form of electronic signals. This makes different parts of the car respond quickly.” 可知，线控技术有助于控制自动驾驶汽车的运动，它以电子信号形式给汽车的车轮、刹车和引擎发出 “指令”，使汽车不同部件快速反应，故选 D。
5.A文章整体围绕自动驾驶汽车如何通过了解环境、做决策和采取行动来安全行驶展开，也就是在讲述自动驾驶汽车是如何工作的，故选 A。
阅读理解C
Autonomous driving is becoming an important part of future transportation, but it still faces many challenges with technology and infrastructure (基础建设).
A report from China Youth Daily explains that there are two main types of self-driving systems today: those that use cameras and those that use LiDAR (激光雷达). Each system has its own problems. For example, Tesla’s system uses cameras and deep learning, without high-precision (高精度的) maps. It works well in clear weather but has trouble in bad conditions like heavy rain or fog. Other companies, like Xpeng Motors, use LiDAR technology, but it is expensive, around 7,000 yuan for each system, making it hard to use widely.
Another problem is keeping the cars safe from hackers (黑客). Hackers can break into the car’s system and take control of it using the internet. This could cause accidents or lead to the hackers asking for money.
Self-driving cars can have problems when something unexpected happens. For example, if a traffic light stops working, the car might not know what to do because it is only trained to follow the light. Also, if a child runs into the street, the car needs to react fast, but sometimes its sensors might not see the child in time.
Besides these technical problems， the infrastructure for autonomous driving is still in the early stages of exploration , said the BBC. Many cities don’t have a clear plan for their traffic systems. Self-driving cars need to share data quickly and have powerful computers. Making cars and roads work together needs a lot of teamwork. But right now, many cities don’t have the technology to send data fast enough.
“Even though self-driving cars perform as well as or even better than humans in some situations, it will still take time before they can be widely used,” said Zhang Yongwei, an electric vehicle (电动汽车) expert.
1. What is one big challenge for Tesla’s self-driving system
A. High cost of built-in cameras.
B. Trouble working well in bad weather.
C. Difficulty in using deep machine learning.
D. Dependence on high-precision maps.
2. Why isn’t LiDAR technology widely used
A. It is not safe enough. B. It needs high-precision maps.
C. It is very expensive. D. It is still under development.
3. What does Paragraph 3 say about self-driving cars
A. They don’t break down often.
B. They can protect themselves from hackers.
C. They can be hacked and controlled.
D. They can deal with accidents by themselves.
4. Why is the current infrastructure a problem for using self-driving cars
A. Not all roads have traffic lights.
B. Data is not shared quickly enough.
C. Many cities may not have enough computers to process data.
D. Self-driving cars can only run on straight roads.
5. How does Zhang Yongwei see the future of self-driving cars
A. They will never perform as well as human drivers.
B. They will soon replace all human-driven cars.
C. They will cause many social problems.
D. They need more time to develop.
【答案】BCCBD
【解析】文章探讨自动驾驶面临技术、安全、基础设施等挑战，专家认为广泛应用仍需时间。
1.B 文章提到 “Tesla’s system uses cameras and deep learning, without high - precision (高精度的) maps. It works well in clear weather but has trouble in bad conditions like heavy rain or fog.”，这表明特斯拉自动驾驶系统的一大挑战是在恶劣天气下运行存在问题，所以答案是 B。
2.C文中指出 “Other companies, like Xpeng Motors, use LiDAR technology, but it is expensive, around 7,000 yuan for each system, making it hard to use widely.”，明确说明激光雷达技术不被广泛使用是因为它非常昂贵，答案为 C。
3.C 第三段提到 “Hackers can break into the car’s system and take control of it using the internet.”，这表明自动驾驶汽车可能会被黑客入侵和控制，所以第三题答案是 C。
4.B 根据 “Many cities don’t have a clear plan for their traffic systems. Self - driving cars need to share data quickly and have powerful computers. But right now, many cities don’t have the technology to send data fast enough.” 可知，当前基础设施存在问题是因为数据共享不够快，答案为 B。
5. D从 “Even though self - driving cars perform as well as or even better than humans in some situations, it will still take time before they can be widely used,” said Zhang Yongwei 可知，张永伟认为自动驾驶汽车需要更多时间来发展，答案为 D。
阅读理解D
Imagine you are in an autonomous vehicle (AV) and face this terrible choice: The car must either turn left and hit a young girl, or turn right and hit many pedestrians (行人). On top of this “moral dilemma (道德困境)”, if the car doesn’t turn, you might get hurt. What decision would you expect the AV to make
In life-and-death situations, should AVs put passengers first or pedestrians Should AVs prioritize (优先考虑) the greater good or one person’s safety These have been a central topic for several years. However, there can be no completely perfect solution.
“A moral dilemma is a dilemma; it has no clear solution by design (设计),” wrote Derek Leben, a professor of ethics (伦理学) at the Tepper School of Business, US, in his paper.
When studying these questions of AVs, Iyad Rahwan, an MIT scientist, found that people are selfish. “People buying these cars, they want cars that prioritize the passenger,” Rahwan told Science News. “But they want other people’s cars to protect pedestrians instead.”
AVs bring not only moral dilemmas but also other challenges. When there is an accident, who should be responsible for it, the company of the AV, or the “driver”
In July, a self-driving taxi by Baidu hit a pedestrian in Wuhan, Hubei, who ran a red light. Baidu worked with the police and took the pedestrian to the hospital. In another accident in April in Seattle, US, the responsibility fell on the “driver” since the “driver” was on his phone while in the full self-driving (supervised) mode (监督式全自动驾驶模式).
The situations of different accidents caused by AVs are so complicated (复杂的) that “now there are no clear regulations”, Ji Xuehong, a researcher from North China University of Technology, told National Business Daily. “And the regulations for different levels from L2 to L4 are also different,” Ji added.
1. How does the author introduce the topic of moral dilemmas faced by AVs
A. By introducing the rules for self-driving cars.
B. By explaining what moral dilemmas mean.
C. By giving an example of a hard decision.
D. By introducing how self-driving cars work.
2. What does Derek Leben think about the moral dilemma
A. It can be dealt with easily. B. There is no perfect solution.
C. It can be avoided by design. D. It won’t happen in real life.
3. According to Iyad Rahwan’s research, what kind of AVs do people want for themselves
A. One that can make moral decisions.
B. One that puts pedestrians’ safety first.
C. One that protects everyone equally.
D. One that keeps its passengers safest.
4. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about
A. Real-life examples of AV accidents in China.
B. Arguments caused by AV accidents.
C. Ways to stop accidents between AVs and pedestrians.
D. Different situations of accidents caused by AVs.
5. What does Ji Xuehong express about AVs in the last paragraph
A. It’s hard to control self-driving cars.
B. It’s hard to make rules for AVs.
C. AVs can cause a lot of trouble.
D. The regulations for AVs will come out soon.
【答案】CBDDB
【解析】文章探讨自动驾驶汽车面临的道德困境、事故责任及规则制定难题，情况复杂。
1.C 文章开头通过描述自动驾驶汽车（AV）面临的一个艰难选择（向左转撞向一个年轻女孩，向右转撞向许多行人，不转乘客可能受伤）来引出自动驾驶汽车面临的道德困境这一话题。答案是 C。
2.B 根据 “‘A moral dilemma is a dilemma; it has no clear solution by design (设计),’ wrote Derek Leben”（美国泰珀商学院伦理学教授德里克 勒本在他的论文中写道：“道德困境就是一种困境；从设计上来说就没有明确的解决方案”）可知德里克 勒本认为这个道德困境没有完美的解决方案。答案是 B。
3. D根据 “Iyad Rahwan, an MIT scientist, found that people are selfish. ‘People buying these cars, they want cars that prioritize the passenger,’ Rahwan told Science News.”（麻省理工学院的科学家伊亚德 拉万发现人们是自私的。拉万告诉《科学新闻》：“购买这些汽车的人，他们想要优先考虑乘客的汽车”）可知人们希望自己的自动驾驶汽车能最大程度保证乘客安全。答案是 D。
4.D 第六段讲述了百度的自动驾驶出租车在中国武汉撞到闯红灯的行人以及美国西雅图的自动驾驶汽车事故中责任判定的情况，这都是自动驾驶汽车引发事故的不同情况。答案是 D。
5.B 根据 “now there are no clear regulations”（现在还没有明确的规定）以及 “And the regulations for different levels from L2 to L4 are also different”（而且从 L2 到 L4 不同级别的规定也不同）可知季学红表达的是很难制定针对自动驾驶汽车的规则。答案是 B。
阅读理解E
As a top world carmaker, Tesla is leading the way in self-driving technology. The company’s CEO, Elon Musk, has promised an exciting future where Teslas drive themselves. Much of this promise is focused on Autopilot, Tesla’s advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). It is designed to make driving safer.
Autopilot officially came out in 2015. It can reduce the work drivers need to do at the wheel. Today, the system becomes standard on every new Tesla. It includes features like Autosteer (自动驾驶) and Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (交通感知巡航控制), which together help a car match its speed to that of nearby traffic and stay within a clearly marked lane (车道).
The Autopilot system requires special tools to collect and process data (数据). The first tool, named “Hardware 1”, used a camera, radar and ultrasonic sensors (超声波传感器) to provide driving help. In 2016, “Hardware 2” was introduced. It was improved to include eight cameras, a radar sensor and 12 ultrasonic sensors. With better tools, Tesla introduced Enhanced (增强版) Autopilot later that same year. It has new features that help cars to change lanes and park by themselves.
In 2017, Tesla began selling a more advanced model of Autopilot, calling it “Full Self-Driving” (FSD). In addition to the features of Basic and Enhanced Autopilot, FSD can see and stop for traffic lights. However, both Autopilot and FSD require active driver control and do not make the car fully autonomous .
Another major development came in October 2024, when Musk showed the company’s new robotaxi, called the “Cybercab”. Expected to be available before 2027, Cybercab will have no steering wheel (方向盘). “You could fall asleep and wake up at your destination ,” said Musk at the company event. However, experts aren’t sure if these Tesla taxis will be on the roads soon because there are still many problems to solve and safety tests to pass.
1. Why did Tesla design Autopilot
A. To make driving safer.
B. To test new driving technology.
C. To collect information about self-driving cars.
D. To let self-driving cars run at a fixed speed.
2. When did Tesla introduce Enhanced Autopilot
A. In 2015. B. In 2016. C. In 2017. D. In 2018.

3. What can Enhanced Autopilot help cars do
A. Drive by themselves at night. B. Stay in a marked lane.
C. Change lanes and park by themselves. D. Use radar and sensors to drive.
4. How is FSD different from Basic and Enhanced Autopilot
A. It needs active driver control. B. It can stop for traffic lights.
C. It has a feature called Autosteer. D. It makes the car fully self-driving.
5. What do we know about Tesla’s Cybercab, according to the last paragraph
A. It was made by Tesla and a taxi company.
B. It can help people sleep better.
C. It is already available to buy.
D. It still needs to pass safety tests.
【答案】ABCBD
【解析】文章介绍特斯拉自动驾驶技术，包括 Autopilot 及其发展，还有新的 Cybercab 及面临的问题。
1. A文章第一段提到 “Autopilot, Tesla’s advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). It is designed to make driving safer.”，明确指出特斯拉设计 Autopilot 是为了让驾驶更安全，所以答案是 A。
2.B根据文章第三段 “In 2016... With better tools, Tesla introduced Enhanced (增强版) Autopilot later that same year.” 可知，特斯拉在 2016 年推出了增强版 Autopilot，所以答案是 B。
3. C文章第三段提到 “Enhanced (增强版) Autopilot later that same year. It has new features that help cars to change lanes and park by themselves.”，表明增强版 Autopilot 能帮助汽车自动变道和停车，所以答案是 C。
4. B文章第四段提到 “In addition to the features of Basic and Enhanced Autopilot, FSD can see and stop for traffic lights.”，这表明 FSD 与基础版和增强版 Autopilot 的不同之处在于它能识别交通信号灯并停车，所以答案是 B。
5. D文章最后一段提到 “However, experts aren’t sure if these Tesla taxis will be on the roads soon because there are still many problems to solve and safety tests to pass.”，说明 Cybercab 仍然需要通过安全测试，所以答案是 D。
阅读理解F
Take a look at this old round structure (结构) made of earth and wood, where history comes alive. Welcome to Fujian’s tulou!
There are thousands of tulou across Fujian, with Yongding being home to 1,768 of them. They were built by the Hakka people (客家人), a group who moved from China’s central plains (中原) to the mountains in the south to avoid wars centuries ago.
Have you ever dreamed of spending a day living in a tulou Now, that dream can come true. Shengheng Lou (升恒楼), a tulou in Yongding with nearly four centuries of history, has now become a hotel. It has been turned from an old building into a fine hotel with lots of money put into it. Last year, around 5,000 guests stayed in the hotel.
Lin Hui, the manager, understands the building and its history. She was born in 1986 inside the walls of another tulou in Yongding. According to Lin, the building will become weak if it is no longer in use. Every space in a tulou is connected (相连的), so if one room becomes weak, the nearby rooms can also fall.
The rebuilding fixed the old problems and also added important things like toilets. Steel was added to make the mostly wooden building stronger.
In Fujian, 46 tulou were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2018, including 23 in Yongding.
Lin Shangkang, a 52-year-old local man, lives in another World Heritage site, Zhencheng Lou (振成楼). He works as a tour guide to his home. “I never get tired of telling visitors about the history of this place; I enjoy it,” Lin said. His great-grandfather and his brothers built the building a century ago. Today, the tulou is still home to 18 families. Together, there are about 80 people living there.
Zeng Jieshan, a 16-year-old high school student from Shenzhen, Guangdong, traveled four hours by train to experience the tulou up close. “I used to think ancient buildings were mostly temples or royal palaces, like the Forbidden City,” Zeng said. “But here in the tulou, people still live happily.”
1.How many tulou are there in Yongding
A. 1,768 B. 5,000 C. 46 D. 23
2.Why did they list 46 tulou as World Heritage Sites
A. Because they are beautiful. B. Because they are old.
C. Because of their historical value. D. Because they are large.
3. What influence we can know from the listing of tulou as UNESCO World Heritage Sites
A. The number of people living in tulou dropped a lot.
B. The tourism value of tulou went up.
C. The architectural style of tulou changed little by little.
D. The cost of maintaining tulou went down a great deal.
4.Why was steel put in when the tulou was rebuilt
A. To make the tulou look better.
B. To make the tulou stronger against earthquakes.
C. To make the mostly wooden parts stronger.
D. To make it easier for air to get inside the tulou.
5.What does the 16 - year - old high school student Zeng Jieshan's experience show
A. Only local people like tulou.
B. People of different ages like tulou.
C. The youth prefer modern architecture to ancient buildings.
D. Young people are interested in royal palaces and temples.
【答案】ACBCB
【解析】文章介绍了福建永定土楼，包括数量、历史、改造为酒店及列为世遗后的情况等。
1 A细节理解题。根据文章中的句子“There are thousands of tulou across Fujian, with Yongding being home to 1,768 of them.”可知，永定有1768座土楼。因此，正确答案是A。
2.C 推理判断题。文章没有直接说明将土楼列为世界遗产的原因，但可以推断是因为它们的历史价值。土楼是由客家人建造的，这些客家人为了躲避战争从中原迁移到南方山区，这表明土楼具有重要的历史和文化意义。因此，正确答案是C。
3.B 推理判断题。文章中提到“46 tulou were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2018, including 23 in Yongding.”以及“Shengheng Lou...has now become a hotel. Last year, around 5,000 guests stayed in the hotel.”这些信息表明，土楼作为世界遗产后，吸引了更多的游客，从而提升了其旅游价值。因此，正确答案是B。
4.C细节理解题。文章中提到“The rebuilding fixed the old problems and also added important things like toilets. Steel was added to make the mostly wooden building stronger.”这说明在重建过程中添加钢铁是为了增强主要由木材构成的建筑的强度。因此，正确答案是C。
5 B 推理判断题。文章中提到“Zeng Jieshan, a 16-year-old high school student from Shenzhen, Guangdong, traveled four hours by train to experience the tulou up close.”以及“I used to think ancient buildings were mostly temples or royal palaces, like the Forbidden City,” Zeng said. “But here in the tulou, people still live happily.”这表明曾洁珊作为一个16岁的学生，对土楼感兴趣，并且认为人们在土楼中仍然生活得很幸福。这说明不同年龄段的人都对土楼感兴趣。因此，正确答案是B。
阅读理解G
Life has a way of shaping us. Life can make you doubt or question your purpose. These are thoughts that I have had in my head for many years. Poetry prepares me for my purpose. My purpose is poetry.
In my journey toward purpose, poetry is my safety net. I started writing at the age of 5. By 13, I had written quite a lot of poems. Poetry was my escape from bullying . I experienced from some people around me. They bullied me because of the way I looked. This gave me low self-esteem (自尊). Poetry was my way to be seen, be heard and be known.
For each important moment in my life, I write poetry. In tough times, I write poetry. I connect with poetry on a deep level. It releases me from pain. However, writing poetry can’t support me. So I turned to teaching instead.
While living in China, I worked as an English teacher. I help teach two classes. The two Chinese teachers I work with gave me feedback on how to teach the students English. They also decided what I needed to do in the classroom. With challenging situations like this, I continue writing poetry. I write down my feelings. I reflect. I embrace (欣然接受) a new me. I learn to think positively. My relationship with poetry has grown over time. Poetry stays in the depths of my soul.
Nothing is stopping you. The only person standing in your way is you. You have the power. Keep going. Keep believing. Remember that your hard work is not in vain. Go for it! Your purpose is waiting for you!
1. Why did the author say poetry was her safety net
A. It was a way for her to question her life.
B. It made her popular among her co-workers.
C. It gave her a sense of achievement.
D. It provided her with relief from pain.
2. Why did the author decide to become a teacher
A. To earn more money to support herself.
B. To help kids learn how to write poems.
C. To develop a healthy lifestyle.
D. To win other people’s respect.
3. What does the underlined phrase “in vain” in the last paragraph mean
A. in need B. important C. of no use D. successful
4. What does the author want to tell us in the end
A. Have fun being creative in what you do.
B. Self-belief will help us achieve our purpose.
C. Be brave to say no while being treated unfairly.
D. Failure is the mother of success.
【答案】DACB
【解析】作者因外貌被欺凌致自尊低，以诗歌抒发情感，在中国当英语老师时面临挑战仍坚持写诗，鼓励人们勇往直前追求目标。
1. D 根据 “For each important moment in my life, I write poetry. In tough times, I write poetry. I connect with poetry on a deep level. It releases me from pain.”（在我生命中的每个重要时刻，我都会写诗。在艰难时刻，我写诗。我与诗歌有着深层次的联系。它让我从痛苦中解脱出来。）可知，作者说诗歌是她的安全网是因为诗歌能让她从痛苦中解脱出来。答案是 D。
2.A 根据 “However, writing poetry can’t support me. So I turned to teaching instead.”（然而，写诗不能养活我。所以我转而从事教学工作。）可知，作者成为教师是为了赚钱养活自己。答案是 A。
3.C 根据 “Keep going. Keep believing.”（继续前进。继续相信。）可知，这里是说你的努力不是没有用的，“in vain” 表示 “无用的”。答案是 C。
4.B 根据 “There is nothing stopping you. The only person standing in your way is you. You have the power. Keep going. Keep believing.”（没有什么能阻止你。唯一阻碍你的人就是你自己。你有力量。继续前进。继续相信。）可知，作者最后想告诉我们自信能帮助我们实现目标。答案是 B。
完形填空
The Story of Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage
A long time ago in China, there was a wise man named Zhuge Liang. He lived in a small thatched cottage(茅庐)in the mountains. He was very ___1______ and knew a lot about how to win wars.
Liu Bei was a brave man who wanted to make the country better. He ____2____ Zhuge Liang and wanted him to help. So, Liu Bei went to the ___3_____to find Zhuge Liang. But when he got there, Zhuge Liang was not at home. He was out reading books or thinking about important things. Liu Bei was sad, but he didn't give up.
After a few days, Liu Bei went to the thatched cottage again. This time, Zhuge Liang was ____4____. Liu Bei waited ____5_____ outside. He didn't want to wake up Zhuge Liang because he knew Zhuge Liang needed rest to think clearly. But when Zhuge Liang woke up, he still didn't want to help Liu Bei. He thought Liu Bei was just an ordinary man，He didn’t quite ___6_____ him.
Liu Bei was very ____7_____ but he still didn't lose hope. He waited for a few more days and went to the thatched cottage for the third time. This time, Zhuge Liang was at home and they talked for a long time. Liu Bei told Zhuge Liang about his ____8_____ and how he wanted to make the people happy. Zhuge Liang was moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and _____9____. He finally agreed to help Liu Bei.
With Zhuge Liang's help, Liu Bei became stronger and stronger. They worked together and did many great things. The story of the three visits to the thatched cottage tells us that if we are sincere and never give up, we can ___10_____our goals and find the help we need.
1. A. caring B. understanding C. patient D. smart
2. A. heard from B. learnt about C. heard about D. learnt from
3. A. grounds B. mountain C. rivers D. lands
4. A. working B. writing C. sleeping D. cooking
5. A. quietly B. carefully C. politely D. worriedly
6. A. recognize B. respect C. admire D. understand
7. A. interested B. disappointed C. surprised D. shocked
8. A. programmes B. projects C. feelings D. dreams
9. A. decision B. solution C. determination D. fearlessness
10. A. find B. achieve C. encourage D. increase
【答案】DCBCA　DBDCB　　
【解析】这篇文章讲述了三顾茅庐的故事。
1.D 句意：他非常聪明并且知道很多赢得战争的方法。“caring” 是 “关心他人的”，“understanding” 是 “善解人意的”，“patient” 是 “有耐心的”，“smart” 是 “聪明的”。根据 “He was very...and knew a lot about how to win wars.” 可知，这里说他很聪明并且知道很多赢得战争的方法，所以选 D。
2.C 句意：刘备听说了诸葛亮并且想要他帮忙“heard from” 是 “收到某人来信”，“learnt about” 是 “了解到”，“heard about” 是 “听说”，“learnt from” 是 “向某人学习”。这里说刘备听说诸葛亮并且想让他帮忙，所以选 C。
3. B句意：所以，刘备去山里找诸葛亮。“grounds” 是 “场地”，“mountain” 是 “山”，“rivers” 是 “河流”，“lands” 是 “陆地”。根据 “He lived in a small thatched cottage (茅庐) in the mountains.” 可知诸葛亮住在山里，所以刘备去山里找他，选 B。
4. C 句意：这次，诸葛亮正在睡觉。“working” 是 “工作”，“writing” 是 “写作”，“sleeping” 是 “睡觉”，“cooking” 是 “做饭”。根据 “Liu Bei waited...outside. He didn't want to wake up Zhuge Liang” 可知诸葛亮在睡觉，所以选 C。
5. A 句意：刘备安静地在外面等待。“quietly” 是 “安静地”，“carefully” 是 “仔细地”，“politely” 是 “礼貌地”，“worriedly” 是 “担忧地”。这里说刘备安静地等待，不想吵醒诸葛亮，所以选 A。
6.D 句意：他不太相信刘备。recognize” 是 “认出”，“respect” 是 “尊重”，“admire” 是 “钦佩”，“trust” 是 “相信”。根据 “He thought Liu Bei was just an ordinary man” 可知诸葛亮不太相信刘备，所以选 D。
7.B句意：刘备非常失望但是他仍然没有失去希望。“interested” 是 “感兴趣的”，“disappointed” 是 “失望的”，“surprised” 是 “惊讶的”，“shocked” 是 “震惊的”。这里说刘备很失望但是没有失去希望，所以选 B。
8.D 句意：刘备告诉诸葛亮他的梦想以及他想如何让人民幸福。“programmes” 是 “节目；计划”，“projects” 是 “项目”，“feelings” 是 “感情”，“dreams” 是 “梦想”。根据 “and how he wanted to make the people happy” 可知刘备告诉诸葛亮他的梦想，所以选 D。
9. C句意：诸葛亮被刘备的真诚和决心所打动。“decision” 是 “决定”，“solution” 是 “解决方案”，“determination” 是 “决心”，“fearlessness” 是 “无畏”。这里说诸葛亮被刘备的真诚和决心所打动，所以选 C。
10. B如果我们真诚并且永不放弃，我们就能实现我们的目标并且找到我们需要的帮助。“find” 是 “找到”，“achieve” 是 “实现”，“encourage” 是 “鼓励”，“increase” 是 “增加”。这里说如果我们真诚并且永不放弃，我们就能实现目标，所以选 B。
语法填空
《江雪》
柳宗元
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。　
From hill to hill no bird in flight,
From path to path no man in sight
A lonely fisherman afloat,
Is fishing snow in lonely boat
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Translated Xu Yuangchong
　　"River Snow"　is a famous poem written by Liu Zongyuan. He was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty of China.　He lived from 773 to 819. During his life, he had many ups and downs. He was once a government official, but he faced a lot of difficulties and even he 1.__________ (send) to a faraway place.　His life was not easy,　2._______ he still loved nature and wrote many beautiful poems.
　　In this poem,　Liu Zongyuan paints a picture of a cold winter day. There are no birds flying from hill to hill.　There are no people 3.________(walk) on the paths.　Everything seems quiet and lonely.　But in the middle of this 4.________(snow) world,　there is a man. He is wearing a straw cloak and he is fishing on the river. This man is like 5_________ poet himself.　He is alone, but he is not afraid 6_______the cold and the loneliness. He is enjoying the beauty of nature.
　　The way Liu Zongyuan writes this poem is very special. He uses simple words, but they create a strong image in 7.________(we) minds. He doesn't say much, but we can feel the cold, the quietness and the beauty of the snow. He also uses contrast. The big, empty world and the small, lonely man make us think more about life and nature.
　This poem shows us the 8._________( poet) feelings.　He is sad and lonely, but he also finds peace and beauty in nature.　Even when life is hard, we can still find something good and enjoy it. Many people 9.________( loved) this poem for hundreds of years. It teaches us to be strong and to love nature.　It also makes us think about our own lives and how we can find__________( happy) in the world around us.
【答案】1.was sent 2.but 3.walking 4.snowy 5. the 6. Of 7.our 8. poet's 9.have loved 10.happiness
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