资源简介

模板02 阅读理解推理判断题
年份 卷别 题号
2024 新高考I卷 27、29、31、35
2024 新高考II卷 24、30、33、35
2023 新高考I卷 26、27、30、31、34、35
2023 新高考II卷 25、26、28、31、33、34、35
2022 新高考乙卷 25、27、28、30、35
2022 新高考II卷 28、32、35
题型 真题示例 常见设问/关键词
模板01隐含意义推断题 2024年新高考I卷D篇 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps 设问关键词： 推理判断题的设问中常含有表示“表明、暗示、推论”的词汇，这些词汇构成了设问关键词。具体来说，常见的设问关键词包括： infer（推断） indicate（象征，暗示） imply/suggest（暗示） conclude（作出结论） assume（假定，设想） learn from（从……得知） know about（了解） mean（意思是） show（表明） describe（描述） purpose（目的） attitude（态度） tone（语气） 此外，设问中还可能含有表推测的情态动词，如can、could、might、would、should等，以及其他表示可能性的词，如probably、most likely、seem等。
模板02 写作意图推断题 2024年新高考II卷D篇 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
模板03 观点态度推断题 2023年新高考I卷D篇 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
模板04人物性格特征题 2023年天津卷 2. What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________.
模板05 文章出处或写作对象推断题 2022年全国乙卷 27. What is the text
模板06 文章后续走势和篇章结构题 2023·全国乙卷31. What might the author continue talking about
31. What might the author continue talking about
考点关键词： 隐含意义：推断文章中未直接表述但可以通过上下文逻辑关系推断出来的意义。 作者观点或态度：理解并推断作者在文章中所表达的观点或态度。 写作目的：推断作者撰写文章的意图或目的。 文章出处：根据文章内容、风格和语言特点推断文章可能的来源或读者对象。 预测文章内容：根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测。
命题预测/考情揭秘 一、命题预测 1.难度与区分度提升： 随着高考英语改革的深入，阅读理解部分的难度和区分度预计会进一步提升。这意味着推理判断题将更加复杂，需要考生具备更高的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。 2.题型多样化与灵活性： 推理判断题的题型将更加多样化，可能包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、写作目的推断题、文章出处推断题以及下文内容预测题等。同时，命题方式也将更加灵活，可能通过不同的设问方式考查考生的推理判断能力。 3.注重语境与逻辑关系： 未来的推理判断题将更加注重对文章语境和逻辑关系的考查。考生需要准确理解文章的主旨大意，把握文章的重要信息和逻辑关系，从而进行正确的推理和判断。 结合现实生活与社会热点： 命题可能会更多地结合现实生活和社会热点，要求考生运用所学知识解决实际问题。这将对考生的知识广度和深度提出更高要求。 二、考情揭秘 1.考查重点与难点： 推理判断题主要考查考生对文章深层含义和隐含意义的理解能力。这要求考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，还要能够挖掘文章的深层含义和作者的言外之意。难点在于如何准确理解文章的语境和逻辑关系，以及如何将所学知识与文章内容相结合进行正确的推理和判断。 2.命题趋势与特点： 命题趋势将更加注重对考生实际语言运用能力的考查，避免机械化的记忆和应试技巧。 命题特点可能包括：题干中常含有表示“表明、暗示、推论”的词汇；设问方式多样，可能涉及对文章细节、观点态度、写作目的等方面的推断；选项设置巧妙，干扰项可能具有偷换概念、答非所问、以偏概全等特点。
技巧解读 考生需要掌握一些基本的解题技巧，如抓住文章的主题和细节、分析文章结构、根据上下文内在联系挖掘文章的深层含义等。在解题过程中，考生应注意识别题干中的关键词和提示信息，快速定位到文章中的相关信息；同时，要避免主观臆断和过度推理，忠实于原文内容进行合理的推断。
高考英语阅读理解细节理解题主要考查学生根据文章内容获取特定信息的能力。以下是一个详细的做题模板，旨在帮助学生高效、准确地解答这类题目：
步骤+解题思路
第一步：阅读题目和文章 仔细阅读题干：确保完全理解题目要求，明确需要寻找或推断的信息点。 标记关键词与线索：在题干中标记出关键词、短语或线索，这些将帮助你在文章中定位相关信息。
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中 快速浏览全文：对文章有一个整体的理解，注意文章的主题、段落结构和逻辑关系。 精确定位相关段落：利用题干中的关键词或线索，在文章中定位到可能包含所需信息的段落或句子。 深入解读信息：仔细阅读定位到的段落或句子，理解其字面意思和潜在含义，注意文章中的细节、例子、比喻、对比等手法。
第三步：分析推理 1.分析文章细节：对定位到的信息进行详细分析，注意文章中的细节描述，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。 2.推断隐含信息：根据文章中的已知信息，结合常识、语境和逻辑关系，推断出题目所需的间接信息。 3.归纳总结：将分析出的信息进行归纳总结，形成对题目要求的完整回答。
第四步：选择答案 1.根据推理结果，选择最符合题目要求的答案。 2.确保答案与文章内容和逻辑相符，且能准确回答题目中的问题。
第五步：检查答案 最后，再次阅读题目和文章，检查所选答案是否准确无误。 确保没有遗漏或误解文章中的关键信息。
模板01 隐含意义推断题
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【29题详解】
第一步：阅读题目
What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中第四段“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
第三步：分析推理
根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少可推断，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。
第四步：选择答案 选A项读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态。
【31题详解】
第一步：阅读题目
What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中最后一段“ However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
第三步：分析推理 然而，在需要精神集中和深度思考以最大化学习效果的情况下，教育工作者不应认为所有媒介都是相同的，即便它们包含完全相同的文字可推断，纸质文本在教育中的重要性，作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代。
第四步：选择答案C项在教育领域，印刷文本无法被完全取代符合题意。
（2024年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）
......
With music, she added, “you can start to sense with different parts of your mind and your body that there are patterns happening and that they’re important.” “The world is going to see more and more of these ‘wicked problems’, the ones that take multiple people with different types of training and background to solve.”
Now,a group of professors and students are working to bring together music and the environment in related projects, such as an augmented (增强的) reality experience based on this composition. The group wants to spread awareness about the algae blooms, data literacy (数据认知) and environmental protection.
8．What role did Heather think music plays
A．Providing solutions to the algae problem.
B．Exposing more wicked problems to the public.
C．Showing the economic growth in coastal cities.
D．Helping people experience the problems better.
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With music, she added, “you can start to sense with different parts of your mind and your body that there are patterns happening and that they’re important.” (她补充说，有了音乐，“你可以开始用你的大脑和身体的不同部位感觉到有一些模式在发生，它们很重要。”)”可知，Heather认为音乐帮助人们更好地体验问题。故选D。
【答案】 D
模板02 写作意图推断题
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
第一步：阅读题目
What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
第三步：分析推理
本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
第四步：选择答案 A项意为作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained (逮捕).
During a friendly match between Australia and Argentina in the Workers’ Stadium in the city’s Chaoyang district on Thursday, the fan, whose surname is Di, ran onto the field, giving a hug to his favorite footballer Messi. He was run after by security guards but he managed to flee and high-five Argentina goalkeeper Emi Martinez before being caught.
What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A．To give a brief introduction of the event.
B．To provide background information about the match.
C．To explain what fans should do when attending a game.
D．To warn the fans not to break the public rules.
【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段中“Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained(逮捕).(北京警方周五表示，周四在北京举行的一场比赛中，一名中国球迷跑到球场上拥抱足球传奇人物莱昂内尔·梅西，他已被拘留。)”可知，本段的主要目的是对事件进行简要介绍。故选A项。
【答案】A
模板03 观点态度推断题
【观点态度词】
一、表中立，客观
1.objective客观的
2.neutral中立的
3.factual事实的
4.disinterested无兴趣的
5.impartial公平的；不偏不倚的
6.impersonal无人情味的
7.unprejudiced无偏见的
8.unbiased无偏见的
9.unconcerned不关心的
10.detached独立的
二、表赞同、支持
1.enthusiastic热心的
2.supportive支持的
3.optimistic乐观的
4.positive积极的
5.favorable有利的；赞成的
6.approving赞成的
7.appreciative欣赏的
8.admiring钦佩的
9.impressive印象深刻的
三、表怀疑、否定
1.suspicious可疑的
2.doubtful怀疑的
3.skeptical/sceptical怀疑的
4.questioning质疑的
5.opposed反对的
6.contradictory自相矛盾的
7.negative消极的
8.disapproving不赞成的
9.critical批评的
10.disgusted反感的
11.ironic反话的；讽刺的
12.hostile敌对的
13.contemptuous蔑视的
14.dismissive轻蔑的
15.pessimistic悲观的
16.gloomy阴暗的；令人沮丧的
17.apprehensive忧虑的
四、其他
1.mixed混合的
2.tolerant容忍的
3.indifferent漠不关心的
4.concerned担心的
5.sensitive敏感的
6.reserved矜持的
7.conservative保守的；守旧的
8.radical激进的
9.moderate中等的；适度的
10.mild温和的；温顺的
11.subjective主观的
12.inconclusive无定论的
【2024全国甲卷B篇片段】The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
...
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
第一步：阅读题目
What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
第三步：分析推理
“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”可推断，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度。
第四步：选择答案A项Appreciative“感激的；感谢的”。
（2024·江苏南通·三模）...
Interestingly, they found that the more a volunteer replayed, the better their performance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, our results support the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a powerful tool that researchers can use to help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly facilitate recovery from stroke.” said Dr. Cohen.
11．What does Dr. Cohen think of the research findings
A．Acceptable. B．Promising. C．Shallow. D．Dismissive.
【答案】 11．A
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Interestingly, they found that the more a volunteer replayed, the better their performance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, our results support the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a powerful tool that researchers can use to help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly facilitate recovery from stroke.” said Dr. Cohen. (有趣的是，他们发现志愿者重复播放的次数越多，他们的表现就越好。“我们对最后的结果感到有点惊讶。总的来说，我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即在清醒休息期间的重放活动可能是一种强大的工具，研究人员可以使用它来帮助个人更快地学习新技能，并可能促进中风后的恢复。”Cohen博士说)”可推知，Cohen博士对研究结果是认同的。故选A。
模板04 人物性格特征题
描写人物特征的相关形容词: adaptable 有适应能力的 aggressive 有进取心的 ambitious 有雄心的 appreciative 感激的，感谢的 4cautious 小心的，谨慎的 concerned 关心的 considerate 体贴的 cooperative 合作的 courageous 勇敢的 demanding 要求极严的 devoted 全心全意的 reliable 可靠的 faithful 忠诚的 far-sighted 有远见的 humorous 幽默的 independent 独立的 indifferent 冷漠的 diligent勤奋的 responsible负责任的 knowledgeable知识渊博的 sensible 明智的，理智的 straightforward 率直的，坦率的 talented 有才能的 tolerant 宽容的，容忍的 innovative 创新的 easy-going 随和的 open-minded 思想开明的 grateful 感激的，感谢的 intelligent 聪明的 determined 意志坚定地 committed 尽心尽力的
【2019全国I卷B篇】For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher
A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Demanding.
第一步：阅读题目
Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher
A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Demanding.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中倒数第二段“Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和“He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves,.”
第三步：分析推理 分析原句可知，威利的这个二年级总统竞选项目的灵感来自于他有一天让孩子们举起手，如果他们认为自己永远不会成为总统和他想让这些孩子学会自我吹嘘可推断，这位老师很关心学生的成长。
第四步：选择答案 C项“关心的；体贴的”。
（2024·河南南阳·模拟预测）The Music Educator Award, presented by the Recording Academy and Grammy Museum, recognizes those who have made a significant contribution to music education. This year it went to Annie Ray, a teacher at Annandale High School in Fairfax County, Virginia. She was honored for her efforts to make music accessible to all students, particularly those with disabilities.
Ray attended the awards ceremony in Los Angeles, took photos with pop stars and brought home a $10,000 prize and matching grant (补助金) for her school’s music program. But she considers the award to be her students.
Ray loved music and was regarded as a music talent at an early age. She was inspired by the diversity of the Annandale community, which she says represents over 60 countries. There are a lot of cultures that might typically clash (冲突), but they come together in this very beautiful harmony. So she created the Crescendo Orchestra (管弦乐队) for students with disabilities, as well as a parent orchestra that teaches nearly 200 caregivers a year to play the same instrument as their child.
The orchestra is about much more than just making music, however. It gives students a chance to develop their cooperation skills and learn the art of improving something. “I really push my students to be bold, go out of their comfort zones, challenge themselves and become confident,” Ray said. “Meanwhile, they completely changed my educational approaches. I learn to teach them according to their own abilities and pace.”
At the Grammys, what impressed her was that many famous performers agreed that a good music educator can change one’s life, which made her feel what she did was rewarding. ...
7．Which words can best describe Ray
A．Humorous and helpful. B．Modest and determined.
C．Wise and adventurous. D．Demanding and ambitious.
【答案】 B
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But she considers the award to be her students.(但她认为获奖者是她的学生)”可推断出，Ray为人谦虚；再根据最后一段中的““It is a hard profession, but I never give up. There’s nothing else like it,” Ray said.(Ray说：“这是一个艰难的职业，但我从未放弃。没有什么比这更好的了。”)”可知，即使Ray在教学中面临困境，她也不轻言放弃，由此可推断出，她意志力坚定。故选B。
模板05 文章出处或写作对象推断题
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures...
Where is the text most probably taken from
An introduction to a book.
An essay on the art of writing.
A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
第一步：阅读题目
Where is the text most probably taken from
An introduction to a book.
An essay on the art of writing.
A guidebook to a museum.
D. A review of modern paintings.
第二步：定位关键信息 根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...(第一段) In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures...(第二段)。
第三步：分析推理 根据关键词和定位信息可知,文章第一段中提到Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers, the book和第二段中的In this“book of books”等信息均说明,本文选自对一本有关阅读艺术的书的介绍。
第四步：选择答案 A项“一本书的介绍”。
（2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟）With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.
Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London
Not your standard gallery, the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of art, but its practice. It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking. Besides, what sets the RA apart is its engagement with the public through participatory experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art but become part of it in innovative ways.
Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich
......
Whitworth, Manchester
After a sky-high 15 million development, the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the north of England. Making full use of its picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace (露台), all waiting to be explored. Inside the gallery, you can view an exciting programme of ever-changing exhibitions.
Where is the text probably taken from
A．An art textbook. B．An art student’s paper.
C．A personal travel blog. D．A travel guidebook.
【解析】文章出处题。通读全文，并根据第一段“With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.(拥有如此强大的艺术遗产，英国在世界一流的艺术画廊中脱颖而出也就不足为奇了。这些是你需要添加到你的必游列表的画廊)”可知，这段文本很可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选D项。
【答案】 D
Passage 1
（24-25高三上·山东青岛·期中）At 75 years old, Geda Qawla finds himself forgetting more and more words: the names of trees or types of bird. As one of just five remaining speakers of Ongota, he gets few opportunities to speak his mother tongue.
The decline of this Ethiopian tongue is a small part of a global linguistic crisis. Currently, a language dies every two weeks. If this trend continues, half of the 7,000 languages spoken today could go silent by the end of this century. Most at risk are the 50 per cent of languages that lack a written form, and those that are spoken by 10,000 people or fewer.
The biggest drivers are technology and globalisation. As regions become more interconnected, speakers of smaller languages are coming under pressure to drop their mother tongue in favour of bigger languages. Increasing levels of migration also play a role, cutting speakers off from their native languages and forcing them to adopt new ones.
Some languages have been brought back from the extinction. These languages were the subjects of decades-long“revitalisation programmes”, involving sustained investments in schools, media and even road signs. For most languages, however, there are few resources for this, including Ongota.
Researchers at nearby Arba Minch University are working on a dictionary of the Ongota language in the hope of preserving it. Several young, educated Ongota are also keen to preserve the language. These include Worro Molle,25,a civil servant in the nearby town, who is trying to learn it by himself with the aid of an old handbook. “This language is part of me,” he said. For Savà, the Italian anthropologist, the disappearance of Ongota would be a tragedy. “When you lose a language, you lose a richness, a vision of the world that is completely unique.”
1．What troubles Geda about the Ongota language
A．He lacks enough language practice. B．The language has new changes in words.
C．Few want to learn the language from him. D．It is forbidden to use the language in public.
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．What languages require protection. B．How technology changes languages.
C．Measures to preserve endangered languages. D．Reasons for the decline of smaller languages.
3．What does Worro Molle think of the Ongota language
A．It is invaluable. B．It has a bright future.
C．It is difficult to learn. D．It requires promoting.
4．What is the purpose of writing the passage
A．To introduce a man with a rare language. B．To stress the richness of world languages.
C．To explore a social phenomenon of languages. D．To present a research on a language programme.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了小语种逐渐消亡的现象，分析了背后的原因及急需语言复兴的需要。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At 75 years old, Geda Qawla finds himself forgetting more and more words: the names of trees or types of bird. As one of just five remaining speakers of Ongota, he gets few opportunities to speak his mother tongue.(75岁的Geda Qawla发现自己忘记了越来越多的单词：树的名字或鸟类的种类。作为说Ongota语仅存的五人之一，他很少有机会说自己的母语)”可知，Geda缺乏足够的语言Ongota练习的场合，导致自己忘记了越来越多的单词。故选A。
2．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The biggest drivers are technology and globalisation. As regions become more interconnected, speakers of smaller languages are coming under pressure to drop their mother tongue in favour of bigger languages. Increasing levels of migration also play a role, cutting speakers off from their native languages and forcing them to adopt new ones.(最大的驱动力是技术和全球化。随着各地区之间的联系越来越紧密，使用小语种的人正面临着放弃母语、转而使用大语种的压力。不断增加的移民水平也起到了一定的作用，他们脱离了自己的母语，被迫采用新的语言)”可知，本段说明了小语种衰落的原因。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Researchers at nearby Arba Minch University are working on a dictionary of the Ongota language in the hope of preserving it. Several young, educated Ongota are also keen to preserve the language. These include Worro Molle,25,a civil servant in the nearby town, who is trying to learn it by himself with the aid of an old handbook. “This language is part of me,” he said.(附近的Arba Minch大学的研究人员正在研究一本昂戈塔语词典，希望能保存它。一些受过良好教育的年轻昂戈塔人也热衷于保护这门语言。这其中就包括附近城镇25岁的公务员Worro Molle，他正试图借助一本旧手册自学昂戈塔语。“这种语言是我的一部分，”他说)”可知，Worro Molle认为这门语言是自己的一部分，他正在努力自学并进行语言的保护，所以他觉得它是极为宝贵的。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据文章全文尤其是第二段“The decline of this Ethiopian tongue is a small part of a global linguistic crisis. Currently, a language dies every two weeks. If this trend continues, half of the 7,000 languages spoken today could go silent by the end of this century.(这种埃塞俄比亚语的衰落只是全球语言危机的一小部分。目前，每两周就有一门语言消亡。如果这一趋势继续下去，到本世纪末，目前使用的7000种语言中有一半可能会消失)”可知，本文说明了小语种逐渐消亡的现象，分析了背后的原因及急需复兴的需要，因此，本文探索了一种语言的社会现象。故选C。
Passage 2
（24-25高三上·安徽·期中）If you enjoy imagining yourself dancing in the rain or standing at the front of a cruise ship, you might be experiencing what’s called “main character syndrome.”
In psychology, “narrative identity” refers to how people view themselves in the stories of their lives. While it was traditionally believed that most people see themselves as the main character, many might instead consider themselves as minor or side characters in a larger narrative.
The researchers designed two experiments to examine how narrative identity influences the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. In the first experiment, 385 undergraduate students rated their self-perception (自我认知) as either major or minor characters. The second experiment involved 298 participants who described their goals and motivations, followed by writing a story where they assumed themselves as the lead.
The test revealed that participants who perceived themselves as a major character experienced significantly increased levels of need satisfaction and well-being. In contrast, those who see themselves as minor characters are more likely to feel frustrated in getting these needs satisfied. Those with higher major character perceptions tended to set goals that closely reflect their values and showed higher levels of self-motivation.
In a running TV show, a TikTok user says: “I started living my life so every day was part of the plot. When you live your life like the ‘main character’, everything bad that happens completely changes and it goes ‘well of course, this is just for the plot ’” Likewise, since 2019 the phrase “romanticise your life” has been a frequent call for people to act more like the main character of their own personal TV show. And while these ideas might lack scientific backing, they do mirror the researchers’ core finding that major character perception is linked to increased agency.
The researchers point out that when people see themselves as being the agentic force in their own lives, making decisions independently like main characters, rather than being influenced by external factors or others, they become more unified and function more effectively.
37．What is the concept of “narrative identity” primarily concerned with
A．The impact of culture on identity.
B．The psychological effects of major life events.
C．The influence of social media on self-perception.
D．The functions people serve in their personal life journeys.
38．What did the first experiment involving undergraduate students measure
A．The academic performance of the students.
B．The participants’ emotional responses to storytelling.
C．The participants’ overall happiness as major characters.
D．The participants’ self-image as leading or supporting characters.
39．What can be inferred about people who see themselves as minor characters
A．They are likely to have higher self-expectations.
B．They tend to feel more satisfied with their lives.
C．They may struggle to meet their psychological needs.
D．They often have a better understanding of their life goals.
40．Why does the author mention the example of the TikTok user
A．To further support the researchers' finding.
B．To highlight a popular trend on social media.
C．To compare traditional media with new media.
D．To explain the impact of media consumption on mental health.
【答案】37．D 38．D 39．C 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了“叙事身份”这一心理学概念，以及人们如何看待自己在个人生活故事中的角色。文章提到了两项实验，旨在研究叙事身份如何影响基本心理需求的满足，并引用了一个TikTok用户的例子来说明将自己视为生活中的“主角”所带来的积极影响。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In psychology, ‘narrative identity’ refers to how people view themselves in the stories of their lives(在心理学中，‘叙事身份’指的是人们如何在自己的生活故事中看待自己)”可知，“叙事身份”这一概念主要关注的是人们在个人生活历程中所扮演的角色、所起的作用，也就是其在个人生活旅程中所发挥的功能。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the first experiment, 385 undergraduate students rated their self-perception (自我认知) as either major or minor characters.(在第一个实验中，385名本科生对自己作为主角或配角的自我认知进行了评分)”可知，涉及本科生的第一个实验所测量的是参与者将自己视为主要角色还是次要角色的自我形象。故选D项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In contrast, those who see themselves as minor characters are more likely to feel frustrated in getting these needs satisfied.(相比之下，那些将自己视为次要角色的人在满足这些需求时更有可能感到沮丧)”可知相比之下，那些将自己视为次要角色的人在满足这些需求时更有可能感到沮丧，可以推断出，把自己视为次要角色的人可能在满足自己的心理需求方面会比较艰难。故选C项。
40．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“And while these ideas might lack scientific backing, they do mirror the researchers’ core finding that major character perception is linked to increased agency.(虽然这些想法可能缺乏科学依据，但它们确实反映了研究人员的核心发现，即主角认知与更强的自主性相关)”可知虽然这些想法可能缺乏科学依据，但它们确实反映了研究人员的核心发现，可推理出作者提到TikTok用户的例子，是为了进一步佐证研究人员关于主角认知相关的发现，即把自己当作生活中的主角会带来相应的影响，进一步支持研究者的发现。故选A项。
Passage 3
（24-25高三上·全国·阶段练习）Real-time water quality monitors are being installed (安装) at wild swimming spots and beaches across southern England to help people assess their immediate risk of getting ill from polluted water. This initiative follows a successful pilot study at Warleigh Weir near Bath, where an AI-based system accurately predicted high bacterial (细菌) levels 87% of the time.
Wessex Water is installing sensors at three freshwater sites in Dorset, Somerset and Hampshire. Rather than measuring bacteria directly, it infers when levels of E coli or enterococci are high, by analyzing data from real-time sensors placed upstream, that measure pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonia.
One of the systems the company tested was an AI-based approach developed by the UK-based startup UnifAI Technology. During an initial training period of about six months, river water samples are repeatedly tested for bacteria levels, and the AI learns to correlate these with patterns in the sensor data. After this period, members of the public are given access to a convenient app that gives half-hourly predictions on bacteria levels in the river, and issues a water-quality warning when bacterial levels are likely to be high.
The campaign group River Action UK broadly welcomed the technology. “We need the environmental regulators to use pollution data as evidence of malpractice (渎职) to strengthen enforcement of the law and hold polluters to account. Only when it becomes less expensive to obey the law than breaking it will we see the necessary investment in maintaining and upgrading sewage (污水) treatment works,” said River Action’s chief executive, James Wallace.
Meanwhile, Southern Water is testing a different monitoring approach at coastal sites, with plans to extend the system to Hayling Island soon. This research involves using algorithms (算法) to estimate bacteria levels based on light scattering. Although these sensors have been in the water for about a year, they’ re still in the development phase and not yet providing that data to the general public.
9．Why were real-time water quality monitors installed
A．To promote AI technology. B．To create a smart river network.
C．To ensure a safe swimming experience. D．To reduce bacterial levels in the water.
10．What information does the convenient app offer
A．River flow forecasts. B．Types of water pollutants.
C．Short-term water level prediction. D．Real-time updates on water conditions.
11．What did James Wallace imply in paragraph 4
A．Polluters should be severely punished. B．Pollution control costs can be further reduced.
C．Pollution data must be used as criminal evidence. D．Regulators should invest more in sewage treatment.
12．What do we know about Southern Water’s monitoring approach
A．It has proven cost-effective. B．It has achieved initial success.
C．It has been adopted nationwide. D．It has yet to be put to practical use.
【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了英国南部正在安装实时水质监测器的新闻，并详细解释了这些监测器的工作原理、试点项目的成功、以及不同水务公司采取的监测方法。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Real-time water quality monitors are being installed (安装) at wild swimming spots and beaches across southern England to help people assess their immediate risk of getting ill from polluted water. (英国南部各地的野外游泳点和海滩正在安装实时水质监测器，以帮助人们评估因水污染而立即患病的风险。)”可知，实时水质监测器正在英国南部的野外游泳点和海滩安装，以帮助人们评估他们因污染的水而立即患病的风险，这说明安装监测器的目的是为了确保人们游泳时的安全。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“After this period, members of the public are given access to a convenient app that gives half-hourly predictions on bacteria levels in the river, and issues a water - quality warning when bacterial levels are likely to be high.(在此期间之后，公众可以通过一个便捷的应用程序获得河水细菌水平的每半小时预测，并在细菌水平可能较高时收到水质警告。)”可知，在六个月的培训期后，公众可以使用一个便捷的应用程序，该程序每半小时提供一次河流细菌水平的预测，并在细菌水平可能较高时发出水质警告，这说明该应用程序提供了实时的水质更新信息。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““We need the environmental regulators to use pollution data as evidence of malpractice (渎职) to strengthen enforcement of the law and hold polluters to account. Only when it becomes less expensive to obey the law than breaking it will we see the necessary investment in maintaining and upgrading sewage (污水) treatment works,” said River Action’s chief executive, James Wallace.(“我们需要环境监管机构利用污染数据作为渎职的证据，以加强法律执行并让污染者承担责任。只有当遵守法律的成本低于违法成本时，我们才会看到对污水处理厂的维护和升级进行必要投资的情况，”英国河流行动的首席执行官James Wallace说。)”可知，James Wallace明确表示“我们需要环境监管机构利用污染数据作为渎职的证据，以加强法律执行并让污染者承担责任”，也就是说James Wallace认为污染者应该受到严厉的惩罚。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Meanwhile, Southern Water is testing a different monitoring approach at coastal sites, with plans to extend the system to Hayling Island soon. This research involves using algorithms (算法) to estimate bacteria levels based on light scattering. Although these sensors have been in the water for about a year, they’re still in the development phase and not yet providing that data to the general public.(与此同时， Southern Water正在沿海地点测试一种不同的监测方法，并计划很快将该系统扩展到海林岛。这项研究涉及使用算法根据光散射来估算细菌水平。尽管这些传感器已经在水中放置了一年左右，但它们仍处于开发阶段，尚未向公众提供这些数据。)”可知，Southern Water已经开始在肯特郡、萨塞克斯郡和汉普郡的河流和湖泊中安装监测器，并表示该技术处于试点阶段，这说明该技术尚未大规模投入实际使用。故选D。
Passage 4
（24-25高三上·山东烟台·期中）Awe experiences typically involve the perception of something incredibly vast or powerful, something that challenges one’s understanding of the world. These are often, but not always, encounters with nature, such as looking over mountains from an airplane, or standing at the foot of an enormous tree. New developmental research suggests the experience of awe is crucial for a child to grow stronger.
Historically, awe has featured in psychological accounts of peak experiences. William James spoke extensively about various spiritual moments that intensely moved him and shaped his viewpoint. He felt strongly these peak experiences made for the deeper development of a person’s inner world.
Contemporary researchers theorize that awe may have helped our ancestors survive throughout history and continues to impart positive effects today. Previous studies have shown awe can be instrumental to the formation of social groups and can set off helpful social behaviors among adults.
But our research shows that perceptions of awe start much earlier in life. Four to nine-year-old children perceive and respond to awe-inspiring experiences and differentiate them from everyday experiences. When watching fantastic footage of sweeping natural scenes, the children perceived themselves as smaller — a phenomenon known as the “small self”— in comparison with how they felt after watching footage of everyday nature imagery. They further reported being filled with power, believing they were capable of achieving great things. Additionally, they felt a sense of curiosity and a desire to explore more, seeing themselves as adventurers on a journey of discovery.
In our busy lives, nevertheless, potential moments of awe often get overlooked. With the pressure to achieve seeping (渗透) into childhood earlier and earlier, it's easy to understand why you, as a parent, might be more focused on getting your children to the next activity or competition. However, as you become more receptive to sources of awe and knowledgeable about its importance during development, you’ll most likely see them obtain considerable advantages when giving awe experiences greater priority.
13．Which aspect of awe experience does the new study highlight
A．Its historical origin. B．Places of its occurrence.
C．Its benefits for kids. D．Its impacts on adults’ behavior.
14．What does the underlined word “impart” mean in paragraph 3
A．Restrict. B．Withdraw. C．Generate. D．Transform.
15．How did the children feel when viewing footage of breathtaking scenery
A．Contented. B．Motivated. C．Panicked. D．Confused.
16．What’s the purpose of the author in writing the last paragraph
A．To appeal to parents for a change.
B．To advocate a care-free childhood life.
C．To state his point on the fast-paced society.
D．To describe a common cultural phenomenon.
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了敬畏的经历对孩子成长的重要性。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“New developmental research suggests the experience of awe is crucial for a child to grow stronger.(新的发展研究表明，敬畏的经历对孩子的成长至关重要。)”可知，这项新研究强调了敬畏体验对孩子们的好处。故选C项。
14．词句猜测题。划线单词前面的部分“Contemporary researchers theorize that awe may have helped our ancestors survive throughout history(当代研究人员推测，敬畏可能帮助我们的祖先在历史上生存下来)”是说敬畏在人类历史上的作用，根据句中的continue to和划线单词后面的positive effects today可知，此处是说敬畏在今天继续产生积极的作用，所以划线单词impart的意义为“产生”，与C项中的generate意义相近。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段的句子“They further reported being filled with power, believing they were capable of achieving great things. Additionally, they felt a sense of curiosity and a desire to explore more, seeing themselves as adventurers on a journey of discovery.(他们还说自己充满了力量，相信自己能够成就大事。此外，他们感到一种好奇心和探索更多的欲望，将自己视为探索之旅的冒险家。)”可知，孩子们在观看令人惊叹的景色时受到了激励。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“In our busy lives, nevertheless, potential moments of awe often get overlooked. With the pressure to achieve seeping (渗透) into childhood earlier and earlier, it's easy to understand why you, as a parent, might be more focused on getting your children to the next activity or competition. However, as you become more receptive to sources of awe and knowledgeable about its importance during development, you’ll most likely see them obtain considerable advantages when giving awe experiences greater priority.(然而，在我们忙碌的生活中，潜在的敬畏时刻往往被忽视。随着压力越来越早地渗透到孩子身上，很容易理解为什么作为父母，你可能会更专注于让你的孩子参加下一个活动或比赛。然而，当你更容易接受敬畏感的来源，并了解其在开发过程中的重要性时，你很可能会发现它们在给予敬畏体验更大的优先权时获得了相当大的优势。)”可知，作者认为现在父母往往忽视孩子的敬畏体验，而文章的主要内容是说敬畏的经历对孩子的成长至关重要。所以作者写文章的目的是呼吁家长做出改变。故选A项。
Passage 5
（24-25高三上·山东烟台·期中）For decades it’s been hoped that seawater could be desalinated (淡化) to resolve the problem of drinking water shortage. Yet desalination plants still provide only around one percent of the world’s drinking water. The progress goes slowly as desalination plants are expensive to build and use enormous quantities of energy to run. Energy accounts for one-third to more than half the cost of producing desalinated water.
In Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest producer of desalinated water, the process accounts for up to a fifth of the nation’s energy consumption. But all this may be changing. A 2020 study found that, globally, the average cost of desalinated water could more than halve if solar power and battery storage systems were used. Across the world, there are around 180 facilities currently under construction, or in their design phase, mostly in the Middle East and North Africa. New sources of renewable energy like solar power mean it’s getting cheaper to power energy-hungry desalination equipment in sunny and water-stressed areas.
Egypt and Morocco, for example, are building renewable-powered plants designed both to provide drinking water and to water crops. In South Australia, a self-cooling greenhouse design that uses wind to desalinate seawater for crops is part of a commercial project producing 15 percent of Australian-grown tomatoes. Scientists are also making major breakthroughs, such as new self-cleaning membrane (膜状物) technology, which improve the desalination process.
One start-up, Core Power, is developing nuclear-powered offshore plants. Another, Oneka, is employing wave power for desalination units. This wave of growth and innovation is set to continue. A global desalination equipment market valued at 17 billion dollars in 2023 is expected to grow to 32 billion dollars by 2030.
But serious challenges remain. Most facilities still use non-renewable fuels to power the plants, and the pouring of processed seawater into the sea poses a threat to sealife. These problems will have to be addressed as a thirsty world looks to the desalination industry to provide its fresh water.
17．What results in the slow progress of desalination
A．High production costs. B．Environmental concerns.
C．Little demand for fresh water. D．Lack of official support.
18．What do the facts in paragraphs 3 and 4 imply concerning the desalination industry
A．It promises a bright prospect. B．It’ll end water shortage soon.
C．It’s merely a temporary success. D．It faces huge investment risks.
19．In which of the following publications would this text be printed
A．Motor Trend. B．Runner’s World.
C．Psychology Today. D．The Economist.
20．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows
A．Why we depend on fresh water to live.
B．How to lessen negative effects of desalination.
C．What to do to store fresh water against droughts.
D．How desalination technologies boost water supply.
【答案】17．A 18．A 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过利用可再生能源和新技术，海水淡化成本正在降低，市场增长迅速，但仍面临能源和环境挑战。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The progress goes slowly as desalination plants are expensive to build and use enormous quantities of energy to run. Energy accounts for one-third to more than half the cost of producing desalinated water. (由于海水淡化厂的建设成本高昂，运转需要消耗大量能源，所以进展缓慢。能源成本占生产淡化水成本的三分之一到一半以上)”可知，生产成本高导致海水淡化进展缓慢。故选A项。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段“Egypt and Morocco, for example, are building renewable-powered plants designed both to provide drinking water and to water crops. In South Australia, a self-cooling greenhouse design that uses wind to desalinate seawater for crops is part of a commercial project producing 15 percent of Australian-grown tomatoes. Scientists are also making major breakthroughs, such as new self-cleaning membrane (膜状物) technology, which improve the desalination process. (例如，埃及和摩洛哥正在建设可再生能源发电厂，旨在提供饮用水和灌溉作物。在南澳大利亚，一个利用风力淡化海水的自冷温室设计是一个商业项目的一部分，该项目生产了澳大利亚15%的西红柿。科学家们也取得了重大突破，比如改进海水淡化过程的新型自清洁膜技术)”可知，本段通过具体的埃及、摩洛哥和南澳大利亚的项目，以及自清洁膜技术的突破，展示了海水淡化领域的不断发展。根据第四段“One start-up, Core Power, is developing nuclear-powered offshore plants. Another, Oneka, is employing wave power for desalination units. This wave of growth and innovation is set to continue. A global desalination equipment market valued at 17 billion dollars in 2023 is expected to grow to 32 billion dollars by 2030. (一家名为Core Power的初创企业正在开发海上核电站。另一家名为Oneka的公司正在利用波浪能进行海水淡化。这波增长和创新浪潮将持续下去。2023年全球海水淡化设备市场规模为170亿美元，预计到2030年将增长到320亿美元)”可知，本段介绍核能和波浪能两种新兴技术，以及良好的市场预测，强调了海水淡化领域的创新趋势和市场增长。由此可知，海水淡化行业前景光明。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是全文第一句“For decades it’s been hoped that seawater could be desalinated (淡化) to resolve the problem of drinking water shortage. (几十年来，人们一直希望通过淡化海水来解决饮用水短缺的问题)”可知，文章围绕海水淡化展开，介绍了其现状，并指出通过利用可再生能源和新技术，海水淡化成本正在降低，市场增长迅速，但仍面临能源和环境挑战。因此，文章与自然资源、工业技术及经济发展相关，可能被刊登在《经济学人》这种涉及商业、金融和科技等的刊物上。故选D项。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But serious challenges remain. Most facilities still use non-renewable fuels to power the plants, and the pouring of processed seawater into the sea poses a threat to sealife. These problems will have to be addressed as a thirsty world looks to the desalination industry to provide its fresh water. (但严峻的挑战依然存在。大多数设施仍然使用不可再生燃料为工厂提供动力，并且将处理过的海水倒入大海对海洋生物构成威胁。这些问题必须得到解决，因为缺水的世界正指望海水淡化工业提供淡水)”可知，此处指出海水淡化领域仍然面临严峻的能源和环境挑战。由此推知，接下来作者应该会探讨如何减少海水淡化的负面影响。故选B项。
Passage 6
（24-25高三上·陕西汉中·期中）Walking into my grandmother’s house, I watch her hands move in a fast-weaving motion as she’s knitting a blanket. Those finished blankets with beautiful color patterns will be donated to children’s hospitals.
Her favorite pastime is creating, which provides her with satisfaction and purpose in life. The rest of my family have joined different art groups. We think it’s beneficial for our health, and we are right. Creating arts and crafts reduces levels of cortisol, the body’s stress hormone, past research has shown.
Now, a new study by Dr. Helen Keyes, a British psychologist, and fellow researchers has found that creating arts and crafts can significantly boost well-being by providing meaningful spaces for expression and achievement. Although prior studies have shown its positive effects on people with mental health conditions, the general population has been understudied, according to the study, which was published recently in Frontiers in Public Health.
That’s why they sampled members of the general population without diagnosed (诊断的) illnesses to see how arts and crafts might contribute to well- being and may reduce loneliness outcomes in everyday life. The researchers analyzed a sample of 7,182 participants living in England (age 16 and over).
“We kept our analysis to arts and crafts at a broad level, rather than focusing on specific hobbies, as we know that people’s preferences vary and they will find the craft or creative activity that works best for them,” Keyes said.
More than 37% of survey respondents confirmed they had taken part in at least one craft activity over the last year. Their reported happiness, life satisfaction and sense of lives being worthwhile were positively correlated to participating in arts and crafts. But creating arts and crafts was not associated with decreased loneliness, which requires further investigation.
“A sense of mastery is important for well-being, and there is inherently a sense of mastery associated with crafting and creating art; that is, people can see their progress and be proud of what they are producing,” Keyes said.
21．Why does the author’s grandmother keep knitting
A．To communicate with kids. B．To improve physical fitness.
C．To find the meaning of life. D．To set an example to others.
22．In which aspect is the new study different from the previous ones
A．The number of the chosen hobbies. B．The type of the studied participants.
C．The methods of analyzing the data. D．The results of making arts and crafts.
23．What may be studied next about creating arts and crafts
A．Whether it improves people’s health. B．Why it fails to help reduce loneliness.
C．How it is applied to hospital treatment. D．What other benefits it brings to people.
24．Which of the following may Dr. Helen Keyes agree with
A．Creating art brings people a sense of achievement.
B．Some art activities are best for people’s well- being.
C．The old and the sick benefit most from creating art.
D．The progress in learning art leads people to success.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．B 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍进行艺术或手工艺品创作会给人带来幸福感，从而提升健康水平。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Her favorite pastime is creating, which provides her with satisfaction and purpose in life. (她最喜欢的消遣是创作（针织品），这给她的生活带来了满足感和目标)”可知，作者的祖母最喜欢的消遣是创作，这给她的生活带来了满足感和目标。因此，她进行针织的目的是找寻生活的意义。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“Although prior studies have shown its positive effects on people with mental health conditions, the general population has been understudied, according to the study, which was published recently in Frontiers in Public Health. (根据最近发表在《公共卫生前沿》上的这项研究，尽管之前的研究表明它对有精神健康状况的人有积极影响，但对普通人群的研究还不够充分)”和第四段“That’s why they sampled members of the general population without diagnosed illnesses to see how arts and crafts might contribute to well- being and may reduce loneliness outcomes in everyday life. (这就是为什么他们从没有确诊疾病的普通人群中取样，看看艺术和手工艺如何有助于健康，并可能减少日常生活中的孤独感)”可知，之前研究的研究对象是有心理健康状况的人，新研究的研究对象是普通人群。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But creating arts and crafts was not associated with decreased loneliness, which requires further investigation. (但创造艺术和手工艺与减少孤独感无关，这需要进一步调查)”可知，进行艺术和手工艺品创作与减少孤独感无关，这需要进一步的研究。因此，这很可能是下一步的研究方向。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段““A sense of mastery is important for well-being, and there is inherently a sense of mastery associated with crafting and creating art; that is, people can see their progress and be proud of what they are producing,” Keyes said. (“掌控感对幸福很重要，在制作和创造艺术的过程中，有一种内在的掌控感；也就是说，人们可以看到自己的进步，并为自己的成果感到自豪。”)”可知，进行艺术或手工艺品创作能增强人的幸福感。故选A。
Passage 7
（24-25高三上·河南·期中）Combining artificial intelligence (AI) with today’s environmental control systems could reduce energy consumption for indoor agriculture by 25%, potentially helping to feed the world as its population rises, Cornell University engineers have found.
The world population is expected to grow to 9.7 billion by 2050, according to the United Nations. This growth, combined with climate change and urbanization, requires fixes for the disadvantages in the world’s present food production systems, the researchers said.
Indoor farming methods, such as plant factories with artificial lighting, are less sensitive to climate change, but are energy-intensive (能源密集型的) and require careful resource management to be sustainable. “Existing environmental control systems are not smart enough,” said Fengqi You, a professor in energy systems engineering at Cornell University.
By using AI techniques like deep reinforcement learning and computational optimization (最优化), the scientists analyzed lettuce grown in indoor farms within diverse places.
AI reduces energy use by optimizing lighting and climate regulation systems. Energy use dropped to 6.42 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight (energy needed or used to produce one kilogram of indoor-grown lettuce) from 9.5 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight, in places that use non-AI technology. The researchers found that for warmer areas, such as Dubai or the southern U. S. , AI reduced energy usage to 7.26 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight, down from 10.5 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight.
Low ventilation (通风) during light periods (16 hours of simulated sunlight) and high ventilation during dark periods (8 hours of simulated night) provided an energy-efficient solution for optimal indoor CO2 levels for photosynthesis, oxygen for respiration (呼吸) and plant growth, and balanced other ventilation requirements.
“This is a very similar concept to smart homes,” You said. “We want to be comfortable at home while reducing energy use; so do crops. This work focuses on a smart system to make food production optimal, sustainable and lower the carbon footprint. That’s what AI does very well. We can save quite a bit if we use AI to optimize the artificial lighting and other energy systems carefully.”
25．What’s the finding of Cornell University engineers
A．AI can help in the fight against climate change.
B．AI can greatly lessen indoor farming energy use.
C．AI can help keep the world population under control.
D．AI can upgrade the existing food production systems.
26．How is paragraph 5 mainly developed
A．By listing examples. B．By analyzing figures.
C．By giving explanations. D．By making comparisons.
27．What’s You’s attitude towards the application of AI in indoor agriculture
A．Unclear. B．Uncaring. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful.
28．Where can the text most probably be read
A．In a science report. B．In an introduction to AI.
C．In a biology textbook. D．In an education magazine.
【答案】25．B 26．D 27．C 28．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了康奈尔大学工程师发现AI可显著降低室内农业能耗，有助于未来食物生产。
25． 细节理解题。根据第一段“Combining artificial intelligence (AI) with today’s environmental control systems could reduce energy consumption for indoor agriculture by 25%, potentially helping to feed the world as its population rises, Cornell University engineers have found. (康奈尔大学的工程师们发现，将人工智能与当今的环境控制系统相结合可以减少室内农业25%的能源消耗，这可能有助于随着世界人口的增长提供食物)”可知，康奈尔大学工程师们发现，把人工智能和当今的环境控制系统相结合可以将室内农业的能源消耗减少25%，所以人工智能可以大大降低室内农业的能源消耗。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第五段“Energy use dropped to 6.42 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight (energy needed or used to produce one kilogram of indoor-grown lettuce) from 9.5 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight, in places that use non-AI technology. The researchers found that for warmer areas, such as Dubai or the southern U. S. , AI reduced energy usage to 7.26 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight, down from 10.5 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight. (在使用非AI技术的地方，生产一公斤室内种植生菜所需的能源从每公斤新鲜重量9.5千瓦时下降到了每公斤新鲜重量6.42千瓦时。研究人员发现，在较热的地区，如迪拜或美国南部，人工智能将能源使用量从每公斤新鲜重量10.5千瓦时减少到了每公斤新鲜重量7.26千瓦时)”可知，通过比较使用人工智能和不使用人工智能生产每公斤鲜重的能源消耗展开介绍的，所以这里使用了对比的方法来展示人工智能在减少能耗上的效果。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We want to be comfortable at home while reducing energy use; so do crops. This work focuses on a smart system to make food production optimal, sustainable and lower the carbon footprint. That’s what AI does very well. We can save quite a bit if we use AI to optimize the artificial lighting and other energy systems carefully.” (“我们希望在家里既舒适又能减少能源使用；作物也是如此。这项工作专注于开发一个智能系统，使食物生产达到最佳化、可持续性并降低碳足迹。这是AI非常擅长的事情。如果我们仔细利用AI来优化人工照明和其他能源系统，我们可以节省相当多的能源”)”可知，You认为如果我们使用人工智能优化人工照明和其他能源系统，我们就可以节省相当多的能源，所以他对人工智能在室内农业中的应用持积极的态度。故选C。
28．推理判断题。根据全文以及第一段“Combining artificial intelligence (AI) with today’s environmental control systems could reduce energy consumption for indoor agriculture by 25%, potentially helping to feed the world as its population rises, Cornell University engineers have found. (康奈尔大学的工程师们发现，将人工智能与当今的环境控制系统相结合可以减少室内农业25%的能源消耗，这可能有助于随着世界人口的增长提供食物)”以及第四段“By using AI techniques like deep reinforcement learning and computational optimization, the scientists analyzed lettuce grown in indoor farms within diverse places. (通过使用诸如深度强化学习和计算最优化等AI技术，科学家们分析了在不同地点的室内农场中种植的生菜)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能可以大大减少室内农业的能源消耗。由此可以推断，本文最有可能出自一篇科学报告。故选A。
Passage 8
（24-25高三上·宁夏银川·阶段练习）On October 10, 2024, Beijing time, the Swedish Academy announced that the 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to South Korean writer Han Kang “for her intense poetic prose(散文) that confron模板02 阅读理解推理判断题
年份 卷别 题号
2024 新高考I卷 27、29、31、35
2024 新高考II卷 24、30、33、35
2023 新高考I卷 26、27、30、31、34、35
2023 新高考II卷 25、26、28、31、33、34、35
2022 新高考乙卷 25、27、28、30、35
2022 新高考II卷 28、32、35
题型 真题示例 常见设问/关键词
模板01隐含意义推断题 2024年新高考I卷D篇 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps 设问关键词： 推理判断题的设问中常含有表示“表明、暗示、推论”的词汇，这些词汇构成了设问关键词。具体来说，常见的设问关键词包括： infer（推断） indicate（象征，暗示） imply/suggest（暗示） conclude（作出结论） assume（假定，设想） learn from（从……得知） know about（了解） mean（意思是） show（表明） describe（描述） purpose（目的） attitude（态度） tone（语气） 此外，设问中还可能含有表推测的情态动词，如can、could、might、would、should等，以及其他表示可能性的词，如probably、most likely、seem等。
模板02 写作意图推断题 2024年新高考II卷D篇 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
模板03 观点态度推断题 2023年新高考I卷D篇 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
模板04人物性格特征题 2023年天津卷 2. What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________.
模板05 文章出处或写作对象推断题 2022年全国乙卷 27. What is the text
模板06 文章后续走势和篇章结构题 2023·全国乙卷31. What might the author continue talking about
31. What might the author continue talking about
考点关键词： 隐含意义：推断文章中未直接表述但可以通过上下文逻辑关系推断出来的意义。 作者观点或态度：理解并推断作者在文章中所表达的观点或态度。 写作目的：推断作者撰写文章的意图或目的。 文章出处：根据文章内容、风格和语言特点推断文章可能的来源或读者对象。 预测文章内容：根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测。
命题预测/考情揭秘 一、命题预测 1.难度与区分度提升： 随着高考英语改革的深入，阅读理解部分的难度和区分度预计会进一步提升。这意味着推理判断题将更加复杂，需要考生具备更高的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。 2.题型多样化与灵活性： 推理判断题的题型将更加多样化，可能包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、写作目的推断题、文章出处推断题以及下文内容预测题等。同时，命题方式也将更加灵活，可能通过不同的设问方式考查考生的推理判断能力。 3.注重语境与逻辑关系： 未来的推理判断题将更加注重对文章语境和逻辑关系的考查。考生需要准确理解文章的主旨大意，把握文章的重要信息和逻辑关系，从而进行正确的推理和判断。 结合现实生活与社会热点： 命题可能会更多地结合现实生活和社会热点，要求考生运用所学知识解决实际问题。这将对考生的知识广度和深度提出更高要求。 二、考情揭秘 1.考查重点与难点： 推理判断题主要考查考生对文章深层含义和隐含意义的理解能力。这要求考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，还要能够挖掘文章的深层含义和作者的言外之意。难点在于如何准确理解文章的语境和逻辑关系，以及如何将所学知识与文章内容相结合进行正确的推理和判断。 2.命题趋势与特点： 命题趋势将更加注重对考生实际语言运用能力的考查，避免机械化的记忆和应试技巧。 命题特点可能包括：题干中常含有表示“表明、暗示、推论”的词汇；设问方式多样，可能涉及对文章细节、观点态度、写作目的等方面的推断；选项设置巧妙，干扰项可能具有偷换概念、答非所问、以偏概全等特点。
技巧解读 考生需要掌握一些基本的解题技巧，如抓住文章的主题和细节、分析文章结构、根据上下文内在联系挖掘文章的深层含义等。在解题过程中，考生应注意识别题干中的关键词和提示信息，快速定位到文章中的相关信息；同时，要避免主观臆断和过度推理，忠实于原文内容进行合理的推断。
高考英语阅读理解细节理解题主要考查学生根据文章内容获取特定信息的能力。以下是一个详细的做题模板，旨在帮助学生高效、准确地解答这类题目：
步骤+解题思路
第一步：阅读题目和文章 仔细阅读题干：确保完全理解题目要求，明确需要寻找或推断的信息点。 标记关键词与线索：在题干中标记出关键词、短语或线索，这些将帮助你在文章中定位相关信息。
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中 快速浏览全文：对文章有一个整体的理解，注意文章的主题、段落结构和逻辑关系。 精确定位相关段落：利用题干中的关键词或线索，在文章中定位到可能包含所需信息的段落或句子。 深入解读信息：仔细阅读定位到的段落或句子，理解其字面意思和潜在含义，注意文章中的细节、例子、比喻、对比等手法。
第三步：分析推理 1.分析文章细节：对定位到的信息进行详细分析，注意文章中的细节描述，如时间、地点、人物、事件等。 2.推断隐含信息：根据文章中的已知信息，结合常识、语境和逻辑关系，推断出题目所需的间接信息。 3.归纳总结：将分析出的信息进行归纳总结，形成对题目要求的完整回答。
第四步：选择答案 1.根据推理结果，选择最符合题目要求的答案。 2.确保答案与文章内容和逻辑相符，且能准确回答题目中的问题。
第五步：检查答案 最后，再次阅读题目和文章，检查所选答案是否准确无误。 确保没有遗漏或误解文章中的关键信息。
模板01 隐含意义推断题
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【29题详解】
第一步：阅读题目
What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中第四段“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
第三步：分析推理
根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少可推断，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。
第四步：选择答案 选A项读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态。
【31题详解】
第一步：阅读题目
What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中最后一段“ However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
第三步：分析推理 然而，在需要精神集中和深度思考以最大化学习效果的情况下，教育工作者不应认为所有媒介都是相同的，即便它们包含完全相同的文字可推断，纸质文本在教育中的重要性，作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代。
第四步：选择答案C项在教育领域，印刷文本无法被完全取代符合题意。
（2024年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）
......
With music, she added, “you can start to sense with different parts of your mind and your body that there are patterns happening and that they’re important.” “The world is going to see more and more of these ‘wicked problems’, the ones that take multiple people with different types of training and background to solve.”
Now,a group of professors and students are working to bring together music and the environment in related projects, such as an augmented (增强的) reality experience based on this composition. The group wants to spread awareness about the algae blooms, data literacy (数据认知) and environmental protection.
8．What role did Heather think music plays
A．Providing solutions to the algae problem.
B．Exposing more wicked problems to the public.
C．Showing the economic growth in coastal cities.
D．Helping people experience the problems better.
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With music, she added, “you can start to sense with different parts of your mind and your body that there are patterns happening and that they’re important.” (她补充说，有了音乐，“你可以开始用你的大脑和身体的不同部位感觉到有一些模式在发生，它们很重要。”)”可知，Heather认为音乐帮助人们更好地体验问题。故选D。
【答案】 D
模板02 写作意图推断题
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
第一步：阅读题目
What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
第三步：分析推理
本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
第四步：选择答案 A项意为作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained (逮捕).
During a friendly match between Australia and Argentina in the Workers’ Stadium in the city’s Chaoyang district on Thursday, the fan, whose surname is Di, ran onto the field, giving a hug to his favorite footballer Messi. He was run after by security guards but he managed to flee and high-five Argentina goalkeeper Emi Martinez before being caught.
What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A．To give a brief introduction of the event.
B．To provide background information about the match.
C．To explain what fans should do when attending a game.
D．To warn the fans not to break the public rules.
【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段中“Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained(逮捕).(北京警方周五表示，周四在北京举行的一场比赛中，一名中国球迷跑到球场上拥抱足球传奇人物莱昂内尔·梅西，他已被拘留。)”可知，本段的主要目的是对事件进行简要介绍。故选A项。
【答案】A
模板03 观点态度推断题
【观点态度词】
一、表中立，客观
1.objective客观的
2.neutral中立的
3.factual事实的
4.disinterested无兴趣的
5.impartial公平的；不偏不倚的
6.impersonal无人情味的
7.unprejudiced无偏见的
8.unbiased无偏见的
9.unconcerned不关心的
10.detached独立的
二、表赞同、支持
1.enthusiastic热心的
2.supportive支持的
3.optimistic乐观的
4.positive积极的
5.favorable有利的；赞成的
6.approving赞成的
7.appreciative欣赏的
8.admiring钦佩的
9.impressive印象深刻的
三、表怀疑、否定
1.suspicious可疑的
2.doubtful怀疑的
3.skeptical/sceptical怀疑的
4.questioning质疑的
5.opposed反对的
6.contradictory自相矛盾的
7.negative消极的
8.disapproving不赞成的
9.critical批评的
10.disgusted反感的
11.ironic反话的；讽刺的
12.hostile敌对的
13.contemptuous蔑视的
14.dismissive轻蔑的
15.pessimistic悲观的
16.gloomy阴暗的；令人沮丧的
17.apprehensive忧虑的
四、其他
1.mixed混合的
2.tolerant容忍的
3.indifferent漠不关心的
4.concerned担心的
5.sensitive敏感的
6.reserved矜持的
7.conservative保守的；守旧的
8.radical激进的
9.moderate中等的；适度的
10.mild温和的；温顺的
11.subjective主观的
12.inconclusive无定论的
【2024全国甲卷B篇片段】The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
...
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
第一步：阅读题目
What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
第三步：分析推理
“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”可推断，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度。
第四步：选择答案A项Appreciative“感激的；感谢的”。
（2024·江苏南通·三模）...
Interestingly, they found that the more a volunteer replayed, the better their performance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, our results support the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a powerful tool that researchers can use to help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly facilitate recovery from stroke.” said Dr. Cohen.
11．What does Dr. Cohen think of the research findings
A．Acceptable. B．Promising. C．Shallow. D．Dismissive.
【答案】 11．A
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Interestingly, they found that the more a volunteer replayed, the better their performance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, our results support the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a powerful tool that researchers can use to help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly facilitate recovery from stroke.” said Dr. Cohen. (有趣的是，他们发现志愿者重复播放的次数越多，他们的表现就越好。“我们对最后的结果感到有点惊讶。总的来说，我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即在清醒休息期间的重放活动可能是一种强大的工具，研究人员可以使用它来帮助个人更快地学习新技能，并可能促进中风后的恢复。”Cohen博士说)”可推知，Cohen博士对研究结果是认同的。故选A。
模板04 人物性格特征题
描写人物特征的相关形容词: adaptable 有适应能力的 aggressive 有进取心的 ambitious 有雄心的 appreciative 感激的，感谢的 4cautious 小心的，谨慎的 concerned 关心的 considerate 体贴的 cooperative 合作的 courageous 勇敢的 demanding 要求极严的 devoted 全心全意的 reliable 可靠的 faithful 忠诚的 far-sighted 有远见的 humorous 幽默的 independent 独立的 indifferent 冷漠的 diligent勤奋的 responsible负责任的 knowledgeable知识渊博的 sensible 明智的，理智的 straightforward 率直的，坦率的 talented 有才能的 tolerant 宽容的，容忍的 innovative 创新的 easy-going 随和的 open-minded 思想开明的 grateful 感激的，感谢的 intelligent 聪明的 determined 意志坚定地 committed 尽心尽力的
【2019全国I卷B篇】For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher
A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Demanding.
第一步：阅读题目
Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher
A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Demanding.
第二步：定位关键信息 定位到文章中倒数第二段“Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和“He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves,.”
第三步：分析推理 分析原句可知，威利的这个二年级总统竞选项目的灵感来自于他有一天让孩子们举起手，如果他们认为自己永远不会成为总统和他想让这些孩子学会自我吹嘘可推断，这位老师很关心学生的成长。
第四步：选择答案 C项“关心的；体贴的”。
（2024·河南南阳·模拟预测）The Music Educator Award, presented by the Recording Academy and Grammy Museum, recognizes those who have made a significant contribution to music education. This year it went to Annie Ray, a teacher at Annandale High School in Fairfax County, Virginia. She was honored for her efforts to make music accessible to all students, particularly those with disabilities.
Ray attended the awards ceremony in Los Angeles, took photos with pop stars and brought home a $10,000 prize and matching grant (补助金) for her school’s music program. But she considers the award to be her students.
Ray loved music and was regarded as a music talent at an early age. She was inspired by the diversity of the Annandale community, which she says represents over 60 countries. There are a lot of cultures that might typically clash (冲突), but they come together in this very beautiful harmony. So she created the Crescendo Orchestra (管弦乐队) for students with disabilities, as well as a parent orchestra that teaches nearly 200 caregivers a year to play the same instrument as their child.
The orchestra is about much more than just making music, however. It gives students a chance to develop their cooperation skills and learn the art of improving something. “I really push my students to be bold, go out of their comfort zones, challenge themselves and become confident,” Ray said. “Meanwhile, they completely changed my educational approaches. I learn to teach them according to their own abilities and pace.”
At the Grammys, what impressed her was that many famous performers agreed that a good music educator can change one’s life, which made her feel what she did was rewarding. ...
7．Which words can best describe Ray
A．Humorous and helpful. B．Modest and determined.
C．Wise and adventurous. D．Demanding and ambitious.
【答案】 B
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But she considers the award to be her students.(但她认为获奖者是她的学生)”可推断出，Ray为人谦虚；再根据最后一段中的““It is a hard profession, but I never give up. There’s nothing else like it,” Ray said.(Ray说：“这是一个艰难的职业，但我从未放弃。没有什么比这更好的了。”)”可知，即使Ray在教学中面临困境，她也不轻言放弃，由此可推断出，她意志力坚定。故选B。
模板05 文章出处或写作对象推断题
(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures...
Where is the text most probably taken from
An introduction to a book.
An essay on the art of writing.
A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
第一步：阅读题目
Where is the text most probably taken from
An introduction to a book.
An essay on the art of writing.
A guidebook to a museum.
D. A review of modern paintings.
第二步：定位关键信息 根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...(第一段) In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures...(第二段)。
第三步：分析推理 根据关键词和定位信息可知,文章第一段中提到Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers, the book和第二段中的In this“book of books”等信息均说明,本文选自对一本有关阅读艺术的书的介绍。
第四步：选择答案 A项“一本书的介绍”。
（2024年湖北襄阳四中模拟）With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.
Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London
Not your standard gallery, the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of art, but its practice. It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking. Besides, what sets the RA apart is its engagement with the public through participatory experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art but become part of it in innovative ways.
Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich
......
Whitworth, Manchester
After a sky-high 15 million development, the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the north of England. Making full use of its picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace (露台), all waiting to be explored. Inside the gallery, you can view an exciting programme of ever-changing exhibitions.
Where is the text probably taken from
A．An art textbook. B．An art student’s paper.
C．A personal travel blog. D．A travel guidebook.
【解析】文章出处题。通读全文，并根据第一段“With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.(拥有如此强大的艺术遗产，英国在世界一流的艺术画廊中脱颖而出也就不足为奇了。这些是你需要添加到你的必游列表的画廊)”可知，这段文本很可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选D项。
【答案】 D
Passage 1
（24-25高三上·山东青岛·期中）At 75 years old, Geda Qawla finds himself forgetting more and more words: the names of trees or types of bird. As one of just five remaining speakers of Ongota, he gets few opportunities to speak his mother tongue.
The decline of this Ethiopian tongue is a small part of a global linguistic crisis. Currently, a language dies every two weeks. If this trend continues, half of the 7,000 languages spoken today could go silent by the end of this century. Most at risk are the 50 per cent of languages that lack a written form, and those that are spoken by 10,000 people or fewer.
The biggest drivers are technology and globalisation. As regions become more interconnected, speakers of smaller languages are coming under pressure to drop their mother tongue in favour of bigger languages. Increasing levels of migration also play a role, cutting speakers off from their native languages and forcing them to adopt new ones.
Some languages have been brought back from the extinction. These languages were the subjects of decades-long“revitalisation programmes”, involving sustained investments in schools, media and even road signs. For most languages, however, there are few resources for this, including Ongota.
Researchers at nearby Arba Minch University are working on a dictionary of the Ongota language in the hope of preserving it. Several young, educated Ongota are also keen to preserve the language. These include Worro Molle,25,a civil servant in the nearby town, who is trying to learn it by himself with the aid of an old handbook. “This language is part of me,” he said. For Savà, the Italian anthropologist, the disappearance of Ongota would be a tragedy. “When you lose a language, you lose a richness, a vision of the world that is completely unique.”
1．What troubles Geda about the Ongota language
A．He lacks enough language practice. B．The language has new changes in words.
C．Few want to learn the language from him. D．It is forbidden to use the language in public.
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．What languages require protection. B．How technology changes languages.
C．Measures to preserve endangered languages. D．Reasons for the decline of smaller languages.
3．What does Worro Molle think of the Ongota language
A．It is invaluable. B．It has a bright future.
C．It is difficult to learn. D．It requires promoting.
4．What is the purpose of writing the passage
A．To introduce a man with a rare language. B．To stress the richness of world languages.
C．To explore a social phenomenon of languages. D．To present a research on a language programme.
Passage 2
（24-25高三上·安徽·期中）If you enjoy imagining yourself dancing in the rain or standing at the front of a cruise ship, you might be experiencing what’s called “main character syndrome.”
In psychology, “narrative identity” refers to how people view themselves in the stories of their lives. While it was traditionally believed that most people see themselves as the main character, many might instead consider themselves as minor or side characters in a larger narrative.
The researchers designed two experiments to examine how narrative identity influences the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. In the first experiment, 385 undergraduate students rated their self-perception (自我认知) as either major or minor characters. The second experiment involved 298 participants who described their goals and motivations, followed by writing a story where they assumed themselves as the lead.
The test revealed that participants who perceived themselves as a major character experienced significantly increased levels of need satisfaction and well-being. In contrast, those who see themselves as minor characters are more likely to feel frustrated in getting these needs satisfied. Those with higher major character perceptions tended to set goals that closely reflect their values and showed higher levels of self-motivation.
In a running TV show, a TikTok user says: “I started living my life so every day was part of the plot. When you live your life like the ‘main character’, everything bad that happens completely changes and it goes ‘well of course, this is just for the plot ’” Likewise, since 2019 the phrase “romanticise your life” has been a frequent call for people to act more like the main character of their own personal TV show. And while these ideas might lack scientific backing, they do mirror the researchers’ core finding that major character perception is linked to increased agency.
The researchers point out that when people see themselves as being the agentic force in their own lives, making decisions independently like main characters, rather than being influenced by external factors or others, they become more unified and function more effectively.
37．What is the concept of “narrative identity” primarily concerned with
A．The impact of culture on identity.
B．The psychological effects of major life events.
C．The influence of social media on self-perception.
D．The functions people serve in their personal life journeys.
38．What did the first experiment involving undergraduate students measure
A．The academic performance of the students.
B．The participants’ emotional responses to storytelling.
C．The participants’ overall happiness as major characters.
D．The participants’ self-image as leading or supporting characters.
39．What can be inferred about people who see themselves as minor characters
A．They are likely to have higher self-expectations.
B．They tend to feel more satisfied with their lives.
C．They may struggle to meet their psychological needs.
D．They often have a better understanding of their life goals.
40．Why does the author mention the example of the TikTok user
A．To further support the researchers' finding.
B．To highlight a popular trend on social media.
C．To compare traditional media with new media.
D．To explain the impact of media consumption on mental health.
Passage 3
（24-25高三上·全国·阶段练习）Real-time water quality monitors are being installed (安装) at wild swimming spots and beaches across southern England to help people assess their immediate risk of getting ill from polluted water. This initiative follows a successful pilot study at Warleigh Weir near Bath, where an AI-based system accurately predicted high bacterial (细菌) levels 87% of the time.
Wessex Water is installing sensors at three freshwater sites in Dorset, Somerset and Hampshire. Rather than measuring bacteria directly, it infers when levels of E coli or enterococci are high, by analyzing data from real-time sensors placed upstream, that measure pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonia.
One of the systems the company tested was an AI-based approach developed by the UK-based startup UnifAI Technology. During an initial training period of about six months, river water samples are repeatedly tested for bacteria levels, and the AI learns to correlate these with patterns in the sensor data. After this period, members of the public are given access to a convenient app that gives half-hourly predictions on bacteria levels in the river, and issues a water-quality warning when bacterial levels are likely to be high.
The campaign group River Action UK broadly welcomed the technology. “We need the environmental regulators to use pollution data as evidence of malpractice (渎职) to strengthen enforcement of the law and hold polluters to account. Only when it becomes less expensive to obey the law than breaking it will we see the necessary investment in maintaining and upgrading sewage (污水) treatment works,” said River Action’s chief executive, James Wallace.
Meanwhile, Southern Water is testing a different monitoring approach at coastal sites, with plans to extend the system to Hayling Island soon. This research involves using algorithms (算法) to estimate bacteria levels based on light scattering. Although these sensors have been in the water for about a year, they’ re still in the development phase and not yet providing that data to the general public.
9．Why were real-time water quality monitors installed
A．To promote AI technology. B．To create a smart river network.
C．To ensure a safe swimming experience. D．To reduce bacterial levels in the water.
10．What information does the convenient app offer
A．River flow forecasts. B．Types of water pollutants.
C．Short-term water level prediction. D．Real-time updates on water conditions.
11．What did James Wallace imply in paragraph 4
A．Polluters should be severely punished. B．Pollution control costs can be further reduced.
C．Pollution data must be used as criminal evidence. D．Regulators should invest more in sewage treatment.
12．What do we know about Southern Water’s monitoring approach
A．It has proven cost-effective. B．It has achieved initial success.
C．It has been adopted nationwide. D．It has yet to be put to practical use.
Passage 4
（24-25高三上·山东烟台·期中）Awe experiences typically involve the perception of something incredibly vast or powerful, something that challenges one’s understanding of the world. These are often, but not always, encounters with nature, such as looking over mountains from an airplane, or standing at the foot of an enormous tree. New developmental research suggests the experience of awe is crucial for a child to grow stronger.
Historically, awe has featured in psychological accounts of peak experiences. William James spoke extensively about various spiritual moments that intensely moved him and shaped his viewpoint. He felt strongly these peak experiences made for the deeper development of a person’s inner world.
Contemporary researchers theorize that awe may have helped our ancestors survive throughout history and continues to impart positive effects today. Previous studies have shown awe can be instrumental to the formation of social groups and can set off helpful social behaviors among adults.
But our research shows that perceptions of awe start much earlier in life. Four to nine-year-old children perceive and respond to awe-inspiring experiences and differentiate them from everyday experiences. When watching fantastic footage of sweeping natural scenes, the children perceived themselves as smaller — a phenomenon known as the “small self”— in comparison with how they felt after watching footage of everyday nature imagery. They further reported being filled with power, believing they were capable of achieving great things. Additionally, they felt a sense of curiosity and a desire to explore more, seeing themselves as adventurers on a journey of discovery.
In our busy lives, nevertheless, potential moments of awe often get overlooked. With the pressure to achieve seeping (渗透) into childhood earlier and earlier, it's easy to understand why you, as a parent, might be more focused on getting your children to the next activity or competition. However, as you become more receptive to sources of awe and knowledgeable about its importance during development, you’ll most likely see them obtain considerable advantages when giving awe experiences greater priority.
13．Which aspect of awe experience does the new study highlight
A．Its historical origin. B．Places of its occurrence.
C．Its benefits for kids. D．Its impacts on adults’ behavior.
14．What does the underlined word “impart” mean in paragraph 3
A．Restrict. B．Withdraw. C．Generate. D．Transform.
15．How did the children feel when viewing footage of breathtaking scenery
A．Contented. B．Motivated. C．Panicked. D．Confused.
16．What’s the purpose of the author in writing the last paragraph
A．To appeal to parents for a change.
B．To advocate a care-free childhood life.
C．To state his point on the fast-paced society.
D．To describe a common cultural phenomenon.
Passage 5
（24-25高三上·山东烟台·期中）For decades it’s been hoped that seawater could be desalinated (淡化) to resolve the problem of drinking water shortage. Yet desalination plants still provide only around one percent of the world’s drinking water. The progress goes slowly as desalination plants are expensive to build and use enormous quantities of energy to run. Energy accounts for one-third to more than half the cost of producing desalinated water.
In Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest producer of desalinated water, the process accounts for up to a fifth of the nation’s energy consumption. But all this may be changing. A 2020 study found that, globally, the average cost of desalinated water could more than halve if solar power and battery storage systems were used. Across the world, there are around 180 facilities currently under construction, or in their design phase, mostly in the Middle East and North Africa. New sources of renewable energy like solar power mean it’s getting cheaper to power energy-hungry desalination equipment in sunny and water-stressed areas.
Egypt and Morocco, for example, are building renewable-powered plants designed both to provide drinking water and to water crops. In South Australia, a self-cooling greenhouse design that uses wind to desalinate seawater for crops is part of a commercial project producing 15 percent of Australian-grown tomatoes. Scientists are also making major breakthroughs, such as new self-cleaning membrane (膜状物) technology, which improve the desalination process.
One start-up, Core Power, is developing nuclear-powered offshore plants. Another, Oneka, is employing wave power for desalination units. This wave of growth and innovation is set to continue. A global desalination equipment market valued at 17 billion dollars in 2023 is expected to grow to 32 billion dollars by 2030.
But serious challenges remain. Most facilities still use non-renewable fuels to power the plants, and the pouring of processed seawater into the sea poses a threat to sealife. These problems will have to be addressed as a thirsty world looks to the desalination industry to provide its fresh water.
17．What results in the slow progress of desalination
A．High production costs. B．Environmental concerns.
C．Little demand for fresh water. D．Lack of official support.
18．What do the facts in paragraphs 3 and 4 imply concerning the desalination industry
A．It promises a bright prospect. B．It’ll end water shortage soon.
C．It’s merely a temporary success. D．It faces huge investment risks.
19．In which of the following publications would this text be printed
A．Motor Trend. B．Runner’s World.
C．Psychology Today. D．The Economist.
20．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows
A．Why we depend on fresh water to live.
B．How to lessen negative effects of desalination.
C．What to do to store fresh water against droughts.
D．How desalination technologies boost water supply.
Passage 6
（24-25高三上·陕西汉中·期中）Walking into my grandmother’s house, I watch her hands move in a fast-weaving motion as she’s knitting a blanket. Those finished blankets with beautiful color patterns will be donated to children’s hospitals.
Her favorite pastime is creating, which provides her with satisfaction and purpose in life. The rest of my family have joined different art groups. We think it’s beneficial for our health, and we are right. Creating arts and crafts reduces levels of cortisol, the body’s stress hormone, past research has shown.
Now, a new study by Dr. Helen Keyes, a British psychologist, and fellow researchers has found that creating arts and crafts can significantly boost well-being by providing meaningful spaces for expression and achievement. Although prior studies have shown its positive effects on people with mental health conditions, the general population has been understudied, according to the study, which was published recently in Frontiers in Public Health.
That’s why they sampled members of the general population without diagnosed (诊断的) illnesses to see how arts and crafts might contribute to well- being and may reduce loneliness outcomes in everyday life. The researchers analyzed a sample of 7,182 participants living in England (age 16 and over).
“We kept our analysis to arts and crafts at a broad level, rather than focusing on specific hobbies, as we know that people’s preferences vary and they will find the craft or creative activity that works best for them,” Keyes said.
More than 37% of survey respondents confirmed they had taken part in at least one craft activity over the last year. Their reported happiness, life satisfaction and sense of lives being worthwhile were positively correlated to participating in arts and crafts. But creating arts and crafts was not associated with decreased loneliness, which requires further investigation.
“A sense of mastery is important for well-being, and there is inherently a sense of mastery associated with crafting and creating art; that is, people can see their progress and be proud of what they are producing,” Keyes said.
21．Why does the author’s grandmother keep knitting
A．To communicate with kids. B．To improve physical fitness.
C．To find the meaning of life. D．To set an example to others.
22．In which aspect is the new study different from the previous ones
A．The number of the chosen hobbies. B．The type of the studied participants.
C．The methods of analyzing the data. D．The results of making arts and crafts.
23．What may be studied next about creating arts and crafts
A．Whether it improves people’s health. B．Why it fails to help reduce loneliness.
C．How it is applied to hospital treatment. D．What other benefits it brings to people.
24．Which of the following may Dr. Helen Keyes agree with
A．Creating art brings people a sense of achievement.
B．Some art activities are best for people’s well- being.
C．The old and the sick benefit most from creating art.
D．The progress in learning art leads people to success.
Passage 7
（24-25高三上·河南·期中）Combining artificial intelligence (AI) with today’s environmental control systems could reduce energy consumption for indoor agriculture by 25%, potentially helping to feed the world as its population rises, Cornell University engineers have found.
The world population is expected to grow to 9.7 billion by 2050, according to the United Nations. This growth, combined with climate change and urbanization, requires fixes for the disadvantages in the world’s present food production systems, the researchers said.
Indoor farming methods, such as plant factories with artificial lighting, are less sensitive to climate change, but are energy-intensive (能源密集型的) and require careful resource management to be sustainable. “Existing environmental control systems are not smart enough,” said Fengqi You, a professor in energy systems engineering at Cornell University.
By using AI techniques like deep reinforcement learning and computational optimization (最优化), the scientists analyzed lettuce grown in indoor farms within diverse places.
AI reduces energy use by optimizing lighting and climate regulation systems. Energy use dropped to 6.42 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight (energy needed or used to produce one kilogram of indoor-grown lettuce) from 9.5 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight, in places that use non-AI technology. The researchers found that for warmer areas, such as Dubai or the southern U. S. , AI reduced energy usage to 7.26 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight, down from 10.5 kilowatt hours per kilogram of fresh weight.
Low ventilation (通风) during light periods (16 hours of simulated sunlight) and high ventilation during dark periods (8 hours of simulated night) provided an energy-efficient solution for optimal indoor CO2 levels for photosynthesis, oxygen for respiration (呼吸) and plant growth, and balanced other ventilation requirements.
“This is a very similar concept to smart homes,” You said. “We want to be comfortable at home while reducing energy use; so do crops. This work focuses on a smart system to make food production optimal, sustainable and lower the carbon footprint. That’s what AI does very well. We can save quite a bit if we use AI to optimize the artificial lighting and other energy systems carefully.”
25．What’s the finding of Cornell University engineers
A．AI can help in the fight against climate change.
B．AI can greatly lessen indoor farming energy use.
C．AI can help keep the world population under control.
D．AI can upgrade the existing food production systems.
26．How is paragraph 5 mainly developed
A．By listing examples. B．By analyzing figures.
C．By giving explanations. D．By making comparisons.
27．What’s You’s attitude towards the application of AI in indoor agriculture
A．Unclear. B．Uncaring. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful.
28．Where can the text most probably be read
A．In a science report. B．In an introduction to AI.
C．In a biology textbook. D．In an education magazine.
Passage 8
（24-25高三上·宁夏银川·阶段练习）On October 10, 2024, Beijing time, the Swedish Academy announced that the 2024 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to South Korean writer Han Kang “for her intense poetic prose(散文) that confronts(面对) historical traumas(创伤) and exposes the fragility of human life”, which makes her the first South Korean writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature and also the first Asian female winner in the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Anders Olsson, chairman of the academy’s Nobel Committee, said, “She has a unique awareness of the connections between body and soul, the living and the dead, and in her poetic and experimental style has become an innovator in contemporary prose.”
The Nobel Prize in literature has been criticized in the recent past for its apparent focus on European and North American writers and its favoring of the English language. As of 2023, the award had been presented 29 times to English-speaking laureates, 16 times to French speakers, 14 times to writers who communicate in German and 11 times to authors who write in Spanish. When it comes to gender, the literature prize has also been criticized for having been male-dominated since its foundation in 1901, with only 18 women being named among the 120 laureates over the years. Against the background, John Self, The Guardian newspaper’s book critic, said before this year’s revealing of Han as the winner that he thought the time was right for Chinese writer Can Xue to win the acclaim.
As the first Asian female winner, Han Kang has set an example for Asian female writers, inspired more Asian women to devote themselves to literary creation, and also provided strong proof for the diversity and richness of Asian literature. Moreover, her award has triggered the public’s in-depth thinking about the selection criteria and fairness of the Nobel Prize in Literature, which can be of great help to raise the attention of the global literary community to writers from different regions, languages and genders and, in the meanwhile, encouraging more diversified literary creation and exchanges to meet the expectations of breaking cultural barriers and promoting the common development of world literature.
29．What kind of story is Han Kang likely to write
A．A light-hearted romantic comedy that focuses on the love affairs of young people.
B．A science fiction story set in a distant future with space adventures.
C．A story regarding mental and physical reactions while touching on themes of life and death.
D．A children's story about magical creatures and their adventures in a fantasy world.
30．What does the data in para.3 emphasize
A．The fairness of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
B．The diversity of languages in literature.
C．The influence of language on literary creation.
D．The preference for certain languages and gender in the award.
31．What does John Self's opinion before Han Kang's winning suggest
A．He thought Han Kang was not qualified for the award.
B．He had a negative view of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
C．He thought Can Xue was more deserving of the award than Han Kang.
D．He expected more attention to be paid to non-European and North American writers.
32．What would be a suitable title for the passage
A．Han Kang: The barrier-breaker of gender discrimination in literature.
B．Han Kang: The First Asian Female Nobel Laureate in Literature.
C．Nobel Prize in literature: Breakthroughs and Reflections.
D．Nobel Prize in Literature: Past, Present and Future with Han Kang’s Win.
Passage 9
（2024·广东佛山·一模）People often think that scientific discoveries come from the geniuses like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein. Such a view overlooks the efforts of lesser-known pioneers. Also, popular belief holds that the sudden idea is the key to making scientific breakthroughs, as if it just appears in someone’s mind.
This opinion might be partially true. It doesn’t accurately represent the true nature of scientific breakthroughs. Apart from, the great figures such as Darwin and Einstein, whose contributions are rightly recognized — we believe innovation is largely a trial-and-error process, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back or even more steps to the right or left.
Take John Nicholson, a lesser-known scientist from the 1910s. He was a mathematical physicist who suggested the idea of ‘proto-elements’ in space. By mixing different weights of these atoms, he could recover the weights of the elements in the periodic table. Though proto-elements don’t actually exist, Nicholson’s wild ideas led him to propose a new theory about atomic structure. Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory, later built on this idea to develop his famous model of the atom.
What can we learn from this story Science is always evolving, similar to the evolution of animal species. Just random or unexpected changes of ideas may open the door for advances in science. Support for this idea can be seen in many areas. For example, in US horse racing, the ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup placement, where the rider’ s left foot is placed lower than the right foot, provides a speed advantage on oval tracks. It was created by a little-known rider named Jackie Westrope. Had Westrope done careful research to develop this technique No. He had a leg injury that prevented him from fully bending his left knee. This change just happened to improve his left-hand turning performance. As a result, many riders quickly adopted the acey-deucy style, which is still used in racing today.
Many other examples show science progress often comes from mistakes, accidents, or pure luck. It’s time to abandon the naive beliefs of genius and explore the true causes of creativity.
33．What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A．To support specific ideas.
B．To describe a common belief.
C．To compare certain beliefs.
D．To challenge a popular view.
34．What does the writer imply about Darwin and Einstein in paragraph 2
A．They set an example for others to follow.
B．Their way of working has been misunderstood.
C．They are exceptions to the usual rule.
D．Their achievements deserve greater recognition.
35．What do we know about the idea of Nicholson
A．It made him famous as an important scientist.
B．People only fully understood it later in history.
C．Other scientists were initially doubtful about it.
D．It paved the way for someone else’ s breakthrough.
36．What is most interesting about the ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup adjustment
A．Why it was made.
B．How quickly people used it.
C．The research work behind it.
D．The cleverness of its first user.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑