资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
板块二　基础语法精讲
专题四　名词、数词、形容词和副词
第1讲名词和数词
真题感悟
单句语法填空
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest 　　　　　　(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.
2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western 　　　　　　(favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.
3.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)...the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 　　　　　　　　(rich) of gardening in England.
4.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could never have met,there are common 　　　　　　(theme) in their works,said Paul Edmondson,head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
5.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 　　　　　　　(visible),said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
6.(2024全国甲卷)They are 　　　　　　(treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
7.(2024全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 　　　　　　(complete) of their journey.
8.(2024浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 　　　　　　(criticize) that they lead to waste.
9.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017,right before the 　　　　　　(arrive) of the two new pandas,Meng Meng and Jiao Qing,I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
10.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give 　　　　　　(interview) in English with international journalists.
11.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural 　　　　　　(wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
12.(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 　　　　　　(six) century B.C.
考点解读
考点1名词
一、名词的数
(一)可数名词变复数的规则变化
可数名词变复数形式时一般在名词后面加-s或-es。变化规则如下表:
情况 方法 例词
一般情况 加-s student→students,teacher→teachers,doctor→doctors,table→tables
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾 加-es glass→glasses,dish→dishes,box→boxes,watch→watches,但stomach复数形式直接加-s
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i再加-es family→families,baby→babies,army→armies,body→bodies
以-f或-fe 结尾 大都变f或fe为v,再加-es;少数直接加-s thief→thieves,wife→wives,knife→knives,shelf→shelves,life→lives,belief→beliefs,proof→proofs,roof→roofs,chief→chiefs
以-o结尾 通常加-s,有的加-es radio→radios,video→videos,zoo→zoos,tobacco→tobaccos,hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes
(二)可数名词单数变为复数的不规则变化
变化规则 例词
自身有特殊变化的名词 child→children,man→men,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice,phenomenon→phenomena,medium→media
(三)不可数名词
1.常见的20个不可数名词
单词 词义 单词 词义
rubbish 垃圾 luggage 行李
information 信息 advice 建议
fun 乐趣 homework 家庭作业
progress 进步 equipment 设备
bread 面包 wealth 财富
knowledge 知识 room 空间
work 工作 weather 天气
music 音乐 news 新闻;消息
traffic 交通 meat 肉
word 消息 luck 运气
2.抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,这就是抽象名词的具体化。
抽象名词 具体化
success a success一个(件)成功的人或事
failure a failure一个(件)失败的人或事
surprise a surprise一件令人惊讶的事情
pleasure a pleasure一件乐事
honour an honour一件引以为荣的事
小题快练 单句语法填空
①(2024福建福州质检)The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST),also known as the “China Sky Eye”,achieved a number of 　　　　　　　(discovery),including a new repeating fast radio burst it detected.
②(2024重庆调研抽测)After 　　　　　　(century) of development,kites have become one of the country’s representative traditional handicrafts,and kite-making techniques were included in the list of China’s national intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
③(2024山东省实验中学一模)Most of the crosstalk 　　　　　　(story) come from daily life;others are based on folk jokes,historic legends,events and word games.
④(2024山东临沂二模)Unlike conventional building block 　　　　　　(toy),Zhang aimed to create a model made entirely of authentic mortise and tenon components.
⑤(2024山东泰安三模)However,authors also acknowledged that AI cannot answer all medical 　　　　　　(puzzle).
二、名词所有格
情况 构成 示例
表示有生命的名词的所有格时 在词尾加“‘s” the boy’s bag,men’s rooms
若名词已有复数词尾s 只在词尾加“‘” the workers’ struggle
表示店铺、诊所的名称或某人的家时 名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词 at the doctor’s在诊所,at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家
表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价值、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格 在词尾加“‘s”来表示所属关系,意为“……的”,在复数名词后加’ a twenty minutes’ walk,a ten miles’ journey,two pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ worth
双重所有格 of+名词“‘s”结构 a friend of my father’s,works of Lu Xun’s
小题快练 单句语法填空
①(2024湖北调研)The parks are expected to cover 10 percent of the 　　　　　　(country) land area and preserve more than 80 percent of the key national protected wild plant and animal species.
②(2024辽宁沈阳二模)The practice,passed down from ancestors,guarantees the 　　　　　　(tea) fruity and sweet taste.
③His house is two 　　　　　　(hour) drive from his office in the city.
④Unlike older generations who might favor Western culture and brands,Chinese youth were born and raised when the 　　　　　　(country) economy was taking off,so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture.
三、名词后缀
小题快练 单句语法填空
①More takeout and more food 　　　　　　(deliver) equal more waste,especially plastic waste.
②This was the very door I carefully guided the children through to ensure their 　　　　　　(safe) from the bitter cold.
③When we communicate,we communicate 　　　　　(mean).
④The 　　　　　　(major) of British clocks feature bronze cases inlaid with splendidly colorful jewels.
考点2数词
数词属于高考试题中的冷考点,主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法、序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。
1.序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以-y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加-eth。如the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一”“再一”时,要用不定冠词。
2.年龄、年代的表达:①表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数”;②表达“在几十年代”用“in the+逢十的基数词的复数”。
3.基数词dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等表示确切数目时不能加-s,其前可用数词或several,some等修饰,此时其后通常不跟of(后有these,those或代词宾格时可跟of);表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时,要加-s,其前不能用数词,其后可跟of。
4.基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词,用连字符“-”连接,作前置定语,其中的名词应用单数形式,如a four-hour journey。
5.分数表达法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于一时,分母应用序数词的复数形式,如:two-sevenths七分之二。
小题快练 单句语法填空
①In the 　　　　　　　　(nine) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
②In the summer holiday following my 　　　　　　(eighteen) birthday,I took driving lessons.
③Though in her 　　　　　　(seventy),she still worked 8 hours a day in the pet shop.
技法图解
【例1】When it comes to human skill,a complex 　　　　　　　(combine) of environmental factors,genetic factors and their interactions explains the performance differences across people.
分析:分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作主语,且被形容词complex所修饰,因此填名词形式。
【例2】So in the process of excavation,archaeologists made full use of modern technologies to ensure the safety of these 　　　　　　(discovery) and sound management of relevant data and material.
分析:discovery是可数名词,由空前的these可知,此处应用复数形式。
第2讲形容词和副词
真题感悟
单句语法填空
1.(2024全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 　　　　　　(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,which became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot,　　　　　　(taste) soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
3.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is 　　　　　　(rare) enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left wanting more next time.
4.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017,right before the arrival of the two new pandas,Meng Meng and Jiao Qing,I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 　　　　　　(confidence) speaking English.
5.(2023全国乙卷)The 　　　　　　(remark) development of this city,which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,means there is always something new to discover here,and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
6.(2023全国甲卷)　　　　　　(difference) from traditional fables,Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
7.(2023浙江1月卷)The term “hutong”,　　　　　　(original) meaning “water well” in Mongolian,appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
8.(2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly,lined by 　　　　　　(space) homes and walled gardens.
9.(2022全国甲卷)In 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africa’s 　　　　　　(high) mountain.
考点解读
考点1形容词、副词的句法功能及相互转换
1.形容词、副词的句法功能
The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby,extremely terrified and exhausted.
这名妇女带着她的孩子逃出了火场,极度惊恐,精疲力竭。
I firmly believe that you will finish your run if you bravely face this challenge.
我坚信,只要你勇敢地面对这次挑战,你一定能跑完全程。
Unfortunately,he was arrested and forced to stay there for over ten years.
不幸的是,他被抓获并被迫在那里待了十多年。
2.形容词转化为副词
【点津】
单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词的有lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,timely等。
小题快练 单句语法填空
①(2024河北邯郸二模)The most authentic porridge was made in northern China,　　　　　　 (especial) Beiping,today’s Beijing.
②(2024湖北二模)The West Lake in Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province,is regarded as China’s most 　　　　　　(incredible) beautiful lake.
③(2024辽宁沈阳等3地三模)The fresh air and the scents of the trees here are really 　　　　　　(impress).
④(2024辽宁名校联盟适应性测试)Many Chinese netizens commented that the story was 　　　　　(large) faithful to the original work.
⑤(2024江苏南京二模)The group’s new 　　　　　(origin) play The Book of Odes,combining traditional Chinese music and magic tricks,will also be produced later this year.
考点2形容词、副词的比较等级
1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的词形变化
(1)规则变化
词形分类及变化方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall taller tallest
以-e结尾的,只加-r或-st nice nicer nicest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big hot fat bigger hotter fatter biggest hottest fattest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,先变y为i,再加-er或-est happy easy happier easier happiest easiest
其他双音节词和多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most difficult
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad(badly)/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
2.形容词和副词的比较等级的用法
(1)同级比较
①“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较。
The book is not so/as difficult as you imagine.
这本书不是你想象的那么难。
②“as+形容词+(a/an+)名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
I watched him become as tender and caring a father as he was a son.
我看着他从一个温柔、体贴的儿子成长为一个同样温柔、体贴的父亲。
(2)比较级
①比较级的常见结构
比较级+than:表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况
more/fewer/less+名词+than:比……多/少
She doesn’t work harder than you.她工作不如你努力。
I have more new books than my cousin.
我的新书比我表弟的多。
【点津】
比较级的修饰语有:rather,much,still,any(否定句、疑问句中),even,far,a lot,a bit,a little,a great deal等。
He is much taller than you.他比你高多了。
②比较级的特殊结构
“The+比较级...,the +比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。
“比较级+and+比较级”和“more and more+多音节词原级”表示“越来越……”。
“no +比较级+than”表示“和……一样不……”。
Our city becomes more and more beautiful.
我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。
You are no taller than I.你和我一样都不高。
(3)最高级
①表达最高级意义的常见结构
主语+谓语+the+最高级+表示范围的状语(of the students,in the class等)。
This apple is the biggest of the five.
这个苹果是五个苹果中最大的一个。
②表达最高级意义的特殊结构(比较级形式表示最高级意义)
never...a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数
否定词+比较级=最高级
主语+
谓语+
I have never read a better book than this.
这是我读过的最好的一本书。
Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
=Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.
=Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.
=Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.
=Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。
小题快练 单句语法填空
①(2024山东泰安三模)Artificial Intelligence (AI) has brought a far 　　　　　　(much) powerful tool to assist with medical diagnoses—ChatGPT-4.
②(2024河北唐山二模)Maybe that is the reason why fewer and fewer young people want to learn this skill and take better-paying jobs in 　　　　　　(large) towns.
③(2024河北邯郸二模) At the end of the year,working people get 　　　　　　(much) free time than usual to prepare for the sacrifice to the ancestors.
④(2024河北部分示范性高中三模)But what began as a contest for conservationists has become a global campaign where superfans stump for (大肆宣传) their favourite bear to be voted the 　　　　　　(fat) of them all.
考点3倍数表达法
表示倍数的句型:
1.A+be+倍数+as+原级+as+B
2.A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B
3.A+be+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height,weight,width,depth等)+of+B
4.A+be+倍数+that+of+B
5.A+be+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
This building is three times the height of that one.
这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。
Smoking is harmful to people’s health,killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟有害健康,每年因吸烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。
小题快练 单句语法填空
①The earth is 49 times 　　　　　　size of the moon.
②The new school is three times as big 　　　　　　the previous one.
③The electronic waste stream is increasing three times 　　　　　　(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
④The number of students now in this school is four times 　　　　　　it was ten years ago.
技法图解
【例1】His foreign perspective,　　　　　　(globe) vision and Western way of thinking make a consistent narration.
分析:解本题时可采用句法功能法。设空处作定语,修饰名词vision,故应用形容词形式。
【例2】This is the second 　　　　　　(deep)record in the world after the one set by the Russian Vityaz-D AUV.
分析:解本题时可采用语境分析法。句意:这是继俄罗斯Vityaz-D AUV之后的世界第二深的记录。根据“after the one set by the Russian Vityaz-D AUV”可知,此处表示这是继俄罗斯Vityaz-D AUV之后的世界第二深的记录,所以second 后跟deep的最高级来表达。
考点达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024吉林通化模拟)Mount Qomolangma is the 　　　　　　(high) mountain in the world,but 　　　　　　　　(unfortunate) it is one of the messiest,too.
2.(2024湖南百校联考)The trading activity has brought culture exchange,religions spreading and contrasts to the connected 　　　　　　　(region) and formed a remarkable culture tie featured by Asian,European and the Mediterranean bank.
3.(2024江苏南通模拟)UNESCO sent 　　　　　　(congratulate) on the amazing new discovery through a video.
4.(2024重庆八中模拟)Actually,the 　　　　　　(apply) of modern technologies has become a major characteristic of the event.
5.(2024江苏南通模拟)The bronze animal is the 　　　　　　(big) ever found in decades of digging at the Sanxingdui Ruins.
6.(2024云南师大附中模拟)Yang Yucheng 　　　　　　(practical) lives in his hosiery factory (袜厂) these days,inspecting the production and quality of products,and communicating with overseas customers about their orders.
7.(2024河南许昌模拟)In 2007,due to strong demand from the US public,the Chinese government agreed to extend Tai Shan’s stay in the United States for an 　　　　　　(addition) two years.
8.(2024河南许昌模拟)There are 　　　　　　(current) 1,864 wild giant pandas in China and at the end of last year,there were another 698 in captivity.
9.(2024河南许昌模拟)In 1869,the French 　　　　　　(natural) and missionary Armand David,introduced the unique animal to the Western world.
10.(2024河北部分重点高中联考)Kunqu Opera uses a seemingly endless 　　　　　　(vary) of gestures to express specific emotions and has distinguished itself by its rhythmic patterns and exerted a dominant impact on all the more recent forms of opera in China,such as Beijing Opera.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
A(名词和数词)
1.她的肺在燃烧,她的腿像果冻一样,但她的心在一种陌生的成就感中飙升。
Her lungs were burning,and her legs felt like jelly,but her heart was soaring with an unfamiliar 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.(2024全国甲卷,书面表达) 它不仅改善了我们的生活水平,也提高了中国的国际地位和影响力。
It has not only 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　but also enhanced China’s international status and influence.
3.(2023浙江1月卷,应用文写作)上周末,我参加了一个由学生会举办的活动,旨在教我们更多日常生物知识。
Last weekend,I took part in an event 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,which is aimed at teaching us more about daily biology.
4.(2023全国甲卷,书面表达)给我印象最深的是他著名的人生哲学:“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”。
What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life:“Be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the troubles across the land,the last to enjoy universal happiness”.
5.(2022全国乙卷,书面表达)如今,随着智能手机和电脑的日益普及,越来越多的学生在课堂之外以各种他们喜欢的方式学习英语。
Nowadays,with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 learn English beyond the classroom 　　　　　　　　　　　　that they are fond of.
B(形容词和副词)
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷,应用文写作) 我完成后,我的美术老师对它评价很高,因为它是真实的。
After I finished it,my art teacher 　　　　　　　　　　　　it because it was true to life.
2.(2023浙江1月卷,读后续写)直到她走近的那一刻,我才看到她锋利的嘴里衔着覆盆子。
It was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that I saw the raspberries held in her sharp mouth.
3.(2023浙江1月卷,应用文写作)毫无疑问,通过这次有意义的活动,我获得了许多关于植物的知识,并对它们产生了兴趣。
　　　　,I gained 　　　　　　　　　　　　on plants and have 　　　　　　　　　　　　them through 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.(2022全国甲卷,书面表达)说到海洋,它的污染变得越来越严重。
When it comes to the ocean,its pollution is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.(2022全国甲卷,书面表达)参与的人越多,海洋环境就越好。
　　　　　　　 people are involved,　　　　　　　　　 the ocean environment is.
Ⅲ.语法填空
A(名词)
Chinese New Year is a 1.　　　　　　(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　(begin) of spring.This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers carries special 3.　　　　　　(significant).They represent the earth coming back to 4.　　　　　　(live) and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges:Orange trees are more than 5.　　　　　　(decorate);they are a symbol of good fortune and 6.(wealthy).They make great gifts and you see them many 7.　　　　　　(time) decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo:Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.Certainly during the holiday period,this plant is a must.Bamboo plants are associated with 8.(healthy),abundance and a happy home.They are easy to care for and make great 9.(present).
10.　　　　　　(branch) of Plum Blossoms (梅花):The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are the first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
B(形容词和副词)
Some time ago,a friend of mine,who worked in a part of the city I didn’t know very 1.　　　　　　(good),invited me to call on him.It took me hours to get there and I took 2.　　　　　　(greatly) trouble to find a proper spot to park my car.As I was already three-quarters of an hour late,I parked my car 3.(quick).
At noon,just as I was leaving my friend’s office,it 4.　　　　　　(sudden) struck me that I had no idea where I had parked my car.I could hardly go up to a policeman and tell him that I had lost a small green car somewhere!Walking down street after street,I examined each car 5.　　　　　　(close) and was very happy to see a small green car just behind an old car.But how 6.　　　　　　(disappoint) I was to discover that though the car was 7.　　　　　　(exact) like my own,it belonged to someone else!Feeling quite 8.　　　　　　(tire) now,I went off for lunch.Some time 9.　　　　　　(late),I left the restaurant and walked down the street.Turning the corner,I 10.(near) jumped for joy:my car was right in front of me,and there was no problem this time.
专题五　冠词、代词和介词
第1讲冠词
真题感悟
单句语法填空
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)...the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 　　　　　　first time.
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with 　　　　　　touch of sweetness,and the surrounding soup hot,clear and delicious.
3.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)Not the pandas,even though 　　　　　　language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
4.(2023浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace,and the Temple of Heaven,the hutongs reflect 　　　　　culture of grassroots Beijingers.
5.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times 　　　　　　size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
6.(2022全国甲卷)...Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.　　　　　　　 friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
考点解读
考点1不定冠词
小题快练 单句语法填空
①(2025福建厦门一中模拟)Located at 　　　　　　average altitude(海拔) of 3,000 meters,a vast grassland there offers the perfect relaxation in nature.
②(2025广东惠州模拟)The silver jewelry produced by the Miao ethnic group has been the key to driving rural development in Taijiang County,　　　　　　 area located in the Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture (自治州) of Guizhou Province.
③(2025广东潮州模拟)　　　　　　 oncoming ice age made the ocean water cold and brought more nutrients,resulting in more food for large whales.
④(2024安徽马鞍山模拟)China’s experiences and continued efforts demonstrate 　　　　　　concrete example of pursuing low-carbon development.
⑤(2024福建南平模拟)When this 74-year-old woman started sharing photos of her daily life,she wouldn’t have imagined becoming 　　　　　　safe heaven for many Chinese young people.
考点2定冠词
小题快练 单句语法填空
①(2025河北石家庄模拟)BDS (China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System) is serving diverse industries,generating profits in 　　　　　　field of mass consumer products and becoming increasingly integrated into people’s lives.
②(2025山东德州模拟)With 　　　　　　number of young attendees rising,the museums have been launching creative products and services.
③(2025河北保定模拟)Faced with the choice to honestly boast or humblebrag,self-promoters should choose 　　　　　　former,and at least obtain the rewards of seeming sincere.
④(2025河北沧州模拟)French fries were introduced to America in 　　　　　　late 18th century by a man named Thomas Jefferson.
⑤(2025河南开封模拟)After this,　　　　　　 telescope recorded dozens of pulses from the FRB over the course of days.
技法图解
【例1】Yu Rong,a Chinese artist,thinks of a new way to introduce 　　　　　　ancient story of Hua Mulan in her picture book.
分析:“形容词+名词”前没有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词,因此需要填冠词。此处特指花木兰的故事,应用定冠词。
【例2】“You’re 　　　　　　shame to birds,” they would offend her.
分析:设空处后是名词,该名词前没有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词,因此需要填冠词。泛指一个,故用不定冠词。shame以辅音音素开头,故应用a。
第2讲代词
真题感悟
单句语法填空
1.(2024全国甲卷)This area,with 　　　　　　(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Who knows,perhaps some of the more forward-looking 　　　　　　(one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
3.(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony,opening 　　　　　　(it) first exhibition:The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
4.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)As the song goes,this long and winding road “will never disappear”,and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory.It sure does in 　　　　　　(I).
考点解读
考点1人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
　　　　人称 分类　　　　 单数 复数
一 二 三 一 二 三
人称代词主格 I you he,she,it we you they
人称代词宾格 me you him,her,it us you them
形容词性物主代词 my your his,her,its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his,hers,its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself,herself,itself ourselves yourselves themselves
(1)人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格。
(2)两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则:
在并列主语中,“I”总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二三一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
(3)物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。名词性物主代词可作主语和宾语。
考点2it的用法
1.it的基本用法
指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等 It is early spring now,but it is already hot. 现在是初春,但是天气已经很热了。
代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词 Although he didn’t like the movie,I decided to see it anyway. 尽管他不喜欢这部电影,但我还是决定去看一看。
指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明身份的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁) The baby is crying.It might be hungry.婴儿在哭,可能是饿了。
2.it用作形式主语
(1)it作先行词代替不定式、动词-ing形式、主语从句,作形式主语。 (2)用作形式主语的重要句型: ①It+be+形容词/名词词组/过去分词+主语从句 ②It+be+形容词(+for sb)+ 动词不定式(常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,wise等,修饰说明不定式) ③It+be+形容词+of sb+动词不定式 (这类形容词是表示心理品质、性格特征的形容词,如:kind,nice,stupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish等,修饰说明某人)
It is hard for him to make up his mind.他很难下定决心。
It was foolish of her to say such a thing.
她说这样的事,真是太蠢了。
3.it用作形式宾语
(1)主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+ it+adj./n.(for/of sb) to do/从句 (2)主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+it+ important/necessary/natural/essential+ that...(should)...
He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
他没有弄清楚何时何地举行会议。
[名师点津]某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it 作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like,dislike,hate,appreciate,depend on,rely on,count on,see to等。
You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
尽管放心,我们会随时帮你的。
4.用于某些固定句型中
(1)It’s/was the first/second...time+that从句　某人第几次做某事(从句谓语用完成时have/has done/had done) (2)It is/has been +时间段+since从句　自从……过了一段时间了(从句谓语用过去时) (3)It will be +时间段+before 从句　要过一段时间之后才……(从句谓语用一般现在时表示将来) (4)It was+时间段+before 从句　过一段时间后才……(从句谓语用过去时) (5)It’s (about/high) time+that从句　某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时)
It is the first time that these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
这是这些欧洲人第一次参观长城。
It wasn’t long before he told us this affair.
没过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。
考点3两组代词辨析
1.both/all/either/any/neither/none
both(两者)都 either(两者中)任何一者 neither(两者)都不
all(三者或三者以上)都 any(三者或三者以上)任何一者 none(三者或三者以上)都不
There are shops on either side of the street.
街道的每一边都有一些商店。
Because Henry and Mark had to work,neither of them came yesterday.
因为亨利和马克要工作,所以昨天两人都没来。
2.another/the other/others/the others
单数 another另外一个 the other两者中的另一个
复数 others另一些 the others剩余的一些
Please give me another ten minutes.
请再给我十分钟。
One was happy but the other was disappointed.
一个感到开心,另一个却感到失望。
小题快练 单句语法填空
①(2024山东德州模拟)For cultural relics and exhibitions of museums,digital collectibles not only attract the attention of many youths,but also encourage them to approach cultural relics,understand history and promote the interest in 　　　　　　(they) heart in traditional Chinese culture.
②(2024四川内江模拟)However,locals say 　　　　　　might be difficult for the person’s identity to remain a secret.
③(2024四川凉山州模拟)This is the time in your life when you form 　　　　　　(you) idea of who you really are.
④(2024河南新乡模拟)The experience tested humans’ ability to adjust 　　　　　　(they) to the sudden huge changes in living conditions and environments.
⑤(2024河南安阳模拟)As the most biodiverse province in China,southwestern Yunnan is sharing 　　　　　　(it) conservation strategy on the international stage.
技法图解
【例1】Wild animals such as black bears and squirrels like to store 　　　　　　(they) pine nuts in different places as they prepare for the winter.
分析:解本题时利用句子成分法。修饰空后的名词nuts,在句中作定语,应用形容词性物主代词。
【例2】　　　　　　 is said that when people smelted(熔 炼)bronze,they discovered that some waste materials could form beautiful colors.
分析:It is said that...据说……,其中It是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语。
第3讲介词和常考介词搭配
真题感悟
单句语法填空
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands 　　　　　　a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path...
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷) I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 　　　　　　Romeo and Juliet.
3.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)There,you’ll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup — and the wrappers are pressed 　　　　　　hand rather than rolled.
4.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)And who do they speak English 　　　　　　
5.(2023全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong 　　　　　　royal palaces,it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
6.(2023全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take responsibility 　　　　　　saving their environment.
7.(2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history 　　　　　　the capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic events.
考点解读
考点1介词的基本用法
一、with/without复合结构
“with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词”在句中表状态或说明背景情况,常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。
They debated for hours without a decision being taken.
他们争论了几个小时,也没作出决定。
二、at,in,on表示“时间”
1.at表示某一时刻
at 12:00(在12点),at noon(在中午),at night(在夜里),at midnight(在半夜),at dawn/daybreak(在黎明/破晓),at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落),at dusk(在黄昏)。
2.in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间
in the 1980’s/1980s(在20世纪80年代),in the Qing Dynasty(在清朝),in October(在十月份),in the morning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上)。
3.on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如某日、某节日、星期几等)
on October 1st(在10月1日),on a rainy day(在一个下雨天),on National Day(在国庆节),on the morning of July 3rd(在7月3日上午)。
三、表示工具、手段、方式的介词
1.不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不加冠词。如by sea,by water,by land,by rail,by air等。
2.涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词须用单数形式,前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceship等。
3.步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on foot,on horseback,on a horse,on a camel等。
4.with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
We do not see nature with our eyes,but with our understandings and our hearts.
我们不是用眼睛看大自然,而是用我们的理解和心灵看大自然。
5.by,in,on,over,through等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand,in English,in ink,on the telephone,over the radio,through the telescope等。
四、“of+抽象名词”的用法
1.of+great/much+抽象名词=very+抽象名词的形容词形式
2.of+no+抽象名词=not+抽象名词的形容词形式
All our persuasion was of no use; she would not come.
=All our persuasion was not useful;she would not come.
我们所有的劝说都没有用;她不会来的。
五、介词but的固定搭配
have nothing to do but do...除了做……外,无事可做
have no choice but to do...别无选择只得做……
can’t help but do...不得不做……
can’t but do...不得不/只能做……
can’t choose but do...别无选择只得做……
but for...要不是……
I have no choice but to do as he tells me.
我别无选择,只能照他说的做。
It rained hard,so they couldn’t choose but stay at home.
雨下得很大,所以他们别无选择,只得待在家里。
六、名词key,approach,solution,answer,entrance,visit,attitude等与介词to构成固定搭配
We have a very communicative approach to teaching languages.
我们有一种非常注重交际的语言教学方法。
We must find a satisfactory solution to the problem.
我们必须找到一个令人满意的方法来解决这个问题。
七、介词by的用法
1.by+地点名词:表示方位,意为“在……旁边”。
I can find two tables by the window for you.
我可以给你找两张靠窗的桌子。
2.by+时间名词:意为“到……时(已发生某事);最晚,不迟于……,在……之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。
Can you have your report ready for the press by next week
你能在下周之前把你的报告准备好给媒体吗
小题快练 单句语法填空
①(2024重庆调研抽测)This diversity can be observed at the annual Weifang International Kite Festival,which has been held 　　　　　　　　the third Saturday of every April since 1984.
②(2024山东潍坊三模)Weifang has a long history of kite-making,　　　　　　 some records suggesting the first wooden kite was invented there during the Spring and Autumn period more than 2,000 years ago.
③(2024福建泉州质量监测二) “We have to find a sustainable food source 　　　　　　long-term space explorations,” Zheng said.
④(2024河北石家庄质检一)It was a custom for people to hang peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival;nowadays,couplets are used 　　　　　　a similar way.
考点2介词的习惯搭配
一、与形容词构成的搭配
1.be+adj.+about
be anxious about对……忧虑
be curious about对……好奇
2.be+adj.+at
be angry at因……生气
be good at擅长
3.be+adj.+in
be absorbed in专注于……
be active in活跃于……
be dressed in穿着……
be engaged in忙于……
4.be+adj.+for
be eager for渴望……
be famous for因……著名
be fit for适合,胜任……
be ready for准备好……
5.be+adj.+from
be absent from缺席
be different from不同于
6.be+adj.+to
be close to接近……
be devoted to致力于……
be equal to等同于……
be familiar to为……所熟悉
7.be+adj.+of
be aware of意识到……
be fond of喜欢……
8.be+adj.+with
be busy with忙于……
be familiar with对……熟悉
be patient with对……有耐心
二、与名词构成的搭配
1.at+n.
at a loss不知所措
at peace处于和平中
at war在战争中
at work在工作
2.on+n.
on exhibition/show在展出
on fire着火
on sale出售,打折
on the way在途中
3.by+n.
by accident偶然
by air/plane乘飞机
by chance偶然
by design故意
4.in+n.
in cash用现金付款
in depth在深度上
in detail详细地
in height在高度上
5.of+n.
of benefit有益处的
of use有用的
6.out of+n.
out of balance失去平衡
out of breath上气不接下气
7.with+n.
with delight/joy高兴地
with difficulty困难地
小题快练 单句语法填空
①(2024山东济宁三模)Aimed 　　　　　　　“bringing life to the national treasures”,scientific and technological innovations have been integrated with cultural conservation in the past few years.
②(2024河北部分示范性高中三模)Guests must bring foods that appeal 　　　　　　both bears and humans,such as salmon patties and honey butter.
③(2024山东烟台期中)The event aims to express support 　　　　　　international Chinese education,and to reveal the charm of Chinese language and culture,while enhancing the cooperation between the Chinese and foreign education partners to eventually build a bright future together.
④(2024辽宁沈阳质量监测三)She fell in love with a respected doctor,Xu Xian,　　　　　　 first sight when they met on a rainy day on the Broken Bridge.
技法图解
【例1】The probe (探测器) officially landed 　　　　　　7:18 on Saturday,Beijing time.
分析:7:18在句中作时间状语,具体时间到几点几分,应用介词at。
【例2】FISHBIO mostly studies freshwater fish in California,but we also have an international program that is mostly focused 　　　　　　the Lancang Jiang in Southeast Asia.
分析:focus on“集中于”,为固定搭配。
考点达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)He said other villages asked him to give them 　　　　　　hand.
2.(2024山西吕梁模拟)In 　　　　　　past few decades,the trend of mutual language learning between China and Arab countries has improved greatly.
3.(2024湖北黄冈模拟)Blessed with pleasant climate and few wars,Hangzhou has gradually formed 　　　　　　(it) own urban character.
4.(2024安徽九师联盟模拟)“Witnessing the long history and splendid culture of the Chinese nation in the past years,the historical and cultural sites offer 　　　　　　(we) rich ‘spiritual nutrients’ in the midst of building a modern Chinese civilization,” said Gao Jiangtao,a research fellow with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
5.(2024河南百所名校质量检测)Visitors are able to bury 　　　　　　(they) in the art and atmosphere here through their senses of vision,hearing,smell,taste and touch.
6.(2024山东泰安一模)　　　　　　 response to supply shortages of Bing Dwen Dwen products,the organizers have coordinated with manufacturers and licensed toy-making factories to resume work to boost production.
7.(2024山东济南一模)For Hindus,Diwali is a time 　　　　　　charitable giving and selfless service.
8.(2024山东淄博一模)Philippe Wahl,president and chief executive officer of La Poste,said that the zodiac(生肖) is one of 　　　　　　most essential parts of Chinese culture.
9.(2024福建福州一模)The combination of music and study has long been 　　　　　source of disagreement between adults and children.
10.(2024重庆西南大学附中一模)These ghost towns offer 　　　　　　unique look into the rich history of the past.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
A(冠词和介词)
1.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷,读后续写)我被告知我在写作比赛中获得了第一名,两天后将举行颁奖典礼。
I was informed that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and that there would be an award presentation 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.(2023全国甲卷,书面表达)他的学说强调道德价值观、尊重长者和社会和谐的重要性。
His teachings emphasized 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.(2023全国乙卷,书面表达)我请求父母允许我上初级钢琴课。
I asked my parents to allow me to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for beginners.
4.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷,读后续写)在学校大厅举行的颁奖典礼上,校长亲切地给我颁发了一份成绩证书。
　　　　　　　　　　 hosted in the school hall,the headmaster kindly presented me with 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷,读后续写)“谢谢你。”我回答道,既感激又兴奋。
“Thank you,” I replied,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
B(代词和介词)
1.(2024全国甲卷,书面表达) 首先,共享单车给我们的短途出行带来了极大的便利,使其更加灵活和环保。
First of all,shared bicycles have brought great convenience to our short-distance travel,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷,读后续写)我们挨着坐了下来,但大卫不看我。
We sat down 　　　　　　　　　　　　,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷,读后续写)然而,他用尽全力跟上其他人,他的小身体左右摇晃,没有放弃的迹象。
However,he went all out to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,showing no sign of giving up.
4.(2022浙江1月卷,读后续写)我决定全身心地投入到研究课题的工作中,而他则在开发科学模型。
I decided to 　　　　　　　　　　　　the task of working with the subjects,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
Ⅲ.语法填空
A(冠词和介词)
Forsythia (连翘) is one of the earliest flowers blooming in spring,1.　　　　　　 March and May.It is 2.　　　　　 popular plant known 3.　　　　　 its bare branches filled 4.　　　　　　 brilliant yellow flowers.5.　　　　　　 plant has four petals and its branches stretch upward,which is native 6.　　　　　 China.It’s easy to grow because it can tolerate unfavorable conditions and partial shade,but it grows best 7.　　　　　　 full sun.During July and August it produces fruit,often used 8.　　　　　 traditional Chinese medicine,proven 9.　　　　　　 some of the earliest Chinese medical texts dating 10.　　　　　　 some 4,000 years.
B(代词和冠词)
The “Twenty-four Solar Terms” is the traditional Chinese way of dividing and marking time.1.　　　　　 shows the relationship between the 2.　　　　　　(universal),seasons,climate and agriculture,which is uniquely created by Chinese ancestors.The “Twenty-four Solar Terms” is an important instruction not only for people’s daily lives but for the agricultural production.At 3.　　　　　 initial stage of agricultural development,people began to explore rules of nature and used 4.(they) to guide sowing,harvesting and other agricultural activities.Until now,it has become 5.　　　　　　 essential tool to guide the agricultural production in China.And 6.　　　　　　(it) charm and value have been increasingly recognized by the public.
板块二　基础语法精讲
专题四　名词、数词、形容词和副词
第1讲　名词和数词
真题感悟
1.engineering　2.favourites　3.richness　4.themes　5.visibility
6.treasures　7.completion　8.criticism　9.arrival　10.interviews
11.wonders　12.sixth
考点解读
考点1　名词
一、①discoveries　②centuries　③stories　④toys　⑤puzzles
二、①country’s　②tea’s　③hours’　④country’s
三、①delivery　②safety　③meaning　④majority
考点2　数词
①ninth　②eighteenth　③seventies
技法图解
【例1】 combination　【例2】 discoveries
第2讲　形容词和副词
真题感悟
1.largest　2.tasty　3.rarely　4.confident　5.remarkable　6.Different　7.originally　8.spacious　9.highest
考点解读
考点1　形容词、副词的句法功能及相互转换
①especially　②incredibly　③impressive　④largely　⑤original
考点2　形容词、副词的比较等级
①more　②larger　③more　④fattest
考点3　倍数表达法
①the　②as　③faster　④what
技法图解
【例1】 global　【例2】 deepest
考点达标检测
Ⅰ.1.highest;unfortunately　2.regions　3.congratulations　4.application　5.biggest　6.practically　7.additional　8.currently
9.naturalist　10.variety
Ⅱ.A.1.sense of accomplishment　2.improved our living standards
3.held by the Students’ Union　4.the first to worry about　5.an increasing number of students;in various ways
B.1.thought highly of　2.not until the moment she got closer
3.Undoubtedly;numerous knowledge;become interested in;this meaningful activity　4.becoming more and more serious　5.The more;the better
Ⅲ.A.1.celebration　2.beginning　3.significance　4.life　5.decoration
6.wealth　7.times　8.health　9.presents　10.Branches
B.1.well　2.great　3.quickly　4.suddenly　5.closely　6.disappointed　7.exactly　8.tired　9.later　10.nearly
专题五　冠词、代词和介词
第1讲　冠词
真题感悟
1.the　2.a　3.the　4.the　5.the　6.A
考点解读
考点1　不定冠词
①an　②an　③An　④a　⑤a
考点2　定冠词
①the　②the　③the　④the　⑤the
技法图解
【例1】 the　【例2】 a
第2讲　代词
真题感悟
1.its　2.ones　3.its　4.mine
考点解读
①their　②it　③your　④themselves　⑤its
技法图解
【例1】 their　【例2】 It
第3讲　介词和常考介词搭配
真题感悟
1.as　2.to　3.by　4.to/with　5.to　6.for　7.as
考点解读
考点1　介词的基本用法
①on　②with　③for　④in
考点2　介词的习惯搭配
①at　②to　③for　④at
技法图解
【例1】 at　【例2】 on
考点达标检测
Ⅰ.1.a　2.the　3.its　4.us　5.themselves　6.In　7.for　8.the
9.a　10.a
Ⅱ.A.1.I won first prize in the writing contest;in two days　2.the importance of moral values,respect for elders,and social harmony　3.take up a piano lesson　4.At the award ceremony;a certificate of achievement　5.with a mixture of gratitude and excitement
B.1.making it more flexible and environmentally friendly　2.next to each other;but David wouldn’t look at me　3.keep up with the others;his small body rocking from side to side　4.devote myself to;while he developed the scientific model
Ⅲ.A.1.between　2.a　3.for　4.with　5.The　6.to　7.in　8.in　9.by　10.back
B.1.It　2.universe　3.the　4.them　5.an　6.its
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