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(共42张PPT)
Discovering useful structures:
Understand the use of ellipsis in English
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Lead-in review the grammar of Unit 2
动词ing作状语
相应的状语从句或并列谓语
Hearing the knock on the door,they stopped talking.
When they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking.
总结：
时间状语转变时间状语从句时， 加上引导词，加上主语，把动词ing转变成谓语动词。状语从句变状语则反之。
As he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.
状语从句变状语去掉引导词，去掉主语，把谓语动词转变成动词ing
ellipsis 省略
more examples about ellipsis
You can not smoke here.
You can not take photos here.
more examples about ellipsis
Sorry to have kept you waiting.
Seen the movie before
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
Have you seen the movie before
Try to omit(省略) the unimportant words
Ellipsis的作用： 避免重复 简洁语言
What is Ellipsis Why should we use Ellipsis
为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。
简单句中的省略
01
并列复合句的省略
02
主从复合句的省略
03
其他特殊省略
04
ellipsis省略
II
Ellipsis in simple sentence
一、简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语
(You) shut up.
Sounds like a good idea.
(It) sounds like a good idea.
Shut up.（祈使句）
2. 省略主谓或主谓语的一部分
Got any idea
3. 省略宾语
This way,please.
（You come) this way, please.
（Have you) got any idea
--Do you know Helen
--I don’t know (her).
4.省略表语
--Are you happy？
--Yes, I am.
Yes , I am (happy).
1. (You) Go down this street and turn right at the second crossing.
2
3. — Are. (Is there) Anything else you from America
— Yes, I am (from America).
4. What a beautiful city (it is)!
1. 祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语____________。
2. there be 句型省略____________。
3. 疑问句的答语省略。
4. 感叹句的省略。在 what 和 how 引导的感叹句中常省略____________。
Ellipsis in simple sentence
you
there be
主语和be动词
Compare and find
用省略结构改写下列句子。
1. Is there anyone here to wait on us
2. He is a programmer and I am a programmer, too.
3. It sounds interesting.
4. What a clever boy he is!
即学即练
Anyone here to wait on us
He is a programmer and I am, too.
Sounds interesting.
What a clever boy!
Ellipsis in simple sentence
Ellipsis in compound sentence
Ⅲ
1.Tom picked up the book from the floor and (Tom) handed it to his
brother.
2. His performance made us amused, but (his performance made)
himself tired.
3. Xiaoming must have been playing football at that time，and his
sister (must have been) playing the piano.
Ellipsis in compound sentence
1. 省略共同的______或宾语。
2. 若主语与谓语相同，则省略后面的______成分。
3. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词______，
则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
主语
主谓
相同
Compare and find
二、并列句中的省略
用省略结构改写下列句子。
1. I work in a factory and my brother works on a farm.
→ I work in a factory and ________________________.
2. We’re bound to win someday, but when are we to win
→ We’re bound to win someday, but __________？
my brother on a farm
when
Ellipsis in compound sentence
即学即练
Ellipsis in clause
Ⅳ
1.定语从句的省略
Here is the man (whom) you’ve been looking for.
The cat (that) I bought has a cute head.
I like the way (that / in which) he talks.
如果关系代词在定语从句中作 _______，则关系代词可以省略。当先行词是 way，且引导词在定语从句中 ________ 时，关系词可以用 that、in which 或省略。
Ellipsis in clause
宾语
状语
2.宾语从句的省略
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will
come to our city).
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that (不省略) all the
children liked to read it.
及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词_______一般可以省略，但如果及物动词后接两个或两个以上由______引导的宾语从句时，那么只有第一个 that 可以省略。
when, where, how 和 why 引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
that
that
Ellipsis in clause
3.状语从句的省略
When (the novel is) published, the novel will become one of the best sellers
of the year.
Though (they were) tired, they went on working.
He did as (he was) told.
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
当when, while, if, as if, though, as, until, unless 等连接的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有 be 动词或从句的主语为 it 时，省略状语从句中的 _________________。
在 than, as 等引导的 ________ 状语从句中常省略某些成分。
主语和 be 动词
比较
Ellipsis in clause
用省略结构改写下列复合句。
1. Who is the man whom you were talking to
→ Who is the man ________________________
2. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know who has
used it.
→ Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don’t know ______.
3. When it is heated, a piece of ice will turn into water.
→ ________________, a piece of ice will turn into water.
you were talking to
who
When heated
Ellipsis in clause
即学即练
4. Although he was hard-working, he couldn’t earn enough to
support himself.
→ _____________________, he couldn’t earn enough to support
himself.
5. He’s the man that you can safely depend on.
→ He’s the man ________________________.
6. They don’t use more water than it is necessary.
→ They don’t use more water _______________.
Although hard-working
you can safely depend on
than necessary
Ellipsis in clause
即学即练
Ellipsis in subjunctive mood
V
1. We insisted that they (should) go with us.
2. It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.
3. Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.
4. Were I you, I would take his advice.
5. Should there be a letter for me, please keep it in the drawer.
Ellipsis in subjunctive mood
在一坚持 (insist)，二命令 (order, command)，三建议 (suggest, propose, advise)，四要求 (demand, require, request, desire) 等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句，以及 It is strange / natural / necessary / important that ... 从句中常省略 ____________。
虚拟条件句常省略 ______，将 were, had, should 提前构成部分倒装。
if
should
Compare and find
用省略结构改写下列各句。
1. If she were here, she would agree too.
→ __________________, she would agree too.
2. He ordered that we should go out at once.
→ He ordered that ____________________.
3. If Thomas Edison had stored his money, he would have died a
wealthy man.
→ _________________________________, he would have died a
wealthy man.
Were she here
we go out at once
Had Thomas Edison stored his money
即学即练
Ellipsis in subjunctive mood
Ellipsis in other situations
VI
1.动词不定式的省略
1. — Will you go with me
— Well, I’d like to (go with you).
2. He didn’t come, but he ought to have (come).
3. I saw him enter the room just now.
= He was seen to enter the room just now by me.
Ellipsis in other situations
有些动词 (词组)，如want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget等后面的不定式作______时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到 _____，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词 be 和助动词 have，这些动词就要保留。
感官动词 (词组), see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch 等和使役动词 make, let, have 等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略 _____；但此类动词用于被动语态时 to 不可省略。
宾语
to
to
1.动词不定式的省略
4. She’d like to take off her coat and have a break.
5. It’s more difficult to do than to say.
做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。
在某些句式中，如介词 but，except 前有动词 do 的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略______。
两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面省去_____；但如果两个不定式表示对比、对照关系时，则to不可省略。
to
to
Ellipsis in other situations
2.介词的省略
1. She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day.
2. We have a final exam (in) every term.
3. There is no sense / point (in) doing sth.
4. It is no good / use (in) doing sth.
5. I have trouble (in) understanding this problem.
在英语中，一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的______常被省略，只保留后面的动名词。如 spend time / money (in) doing sth; have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth; prevent / stop sb (from) doing sth。
表示______的介词 at, on 和 in 在 next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow 等词之前，一般可以省略。
介词
时间
Ellipsis in other situations
3. 替代性省略
— Can they finish their work today
— I think so.
— I don’t think so. / I think not.
英语中，可以使用so, _____或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
not
Tips: hope, guess, be afraid 的否定形式只能用 not 的形式，不能用not ...
so 的形式。
— The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they
— I guess not.
Ellipsis in other situations
4. 比较结构的省略
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。
Many others are doing better than we are (doing).
在“the ＋ 比较级，the ＋ 比较级”结构中和由_________和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
than
Ellipsis in other situations
语法填空。
I had great difficulty _________ (find) the suitable food on the
menu in that restaurant.
2. — Do you think our team will win
— I don’t think _____.
3. — Will you join us
— I would love ______.
4. The busier (he is), _____________ (happy) he feels.
finding
so
to
the happier
Ellipsis in other situations
即学即练
5. The exhibition is more interesting than __________ (expect).
6. I have some trouble _________ (learn) English.
7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his
mother told him not ______.
expected
learning
to
Ellipsis in other situations
即学即练
1. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______
regularly, can improve our health. (10年全国卷)
A. being carried out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
2. — What’s the noise It sounds as if it comes from upstairs.
— ______ . It must be the window-cleaner working, next door. (10年陕西卷)
A. I’m not sure B. I hope not
C. I’d rather not D. I don’t think so
3. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school
during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. (10年全国卷)
A. once B. when C. if D. unless
C
D
D
Ellipsis in other situations
高考链接
4. — Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom
— ______ Wait till you are old enough, dear. (10年全国卷)
A. Will you B. Why not
C. I hope so. D. I’m afraid not.
5. — How could you be so rude as to walk in here in the middle of my class
— _____. (11年四川卷)
A. Nothing much B. Nothing serious
C. Never again D. Never mind
6. Since people are fond of humor, it is as well in conversation as _____
else. (11年浙江卷)
A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere
D
C
C
Ellipsis in other situations
高考链接
7. — Would you like tea or coffee
— _____, thank you. I’ve just had some water. (11年辽宁卷)
A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither
8. — We could invite John and Barbara to give a child to the Friday night
party.
— Yes, ____ I’ll give them a call right now. (11年全国卷)
A. why not B. what for C. why D. what
9. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _____ on
you feet. (11年北京卷)
A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept
A
B
D
Ellipsis in other situations
高考链接
10. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but
he ______. (12年北京卷)
A. wouldn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. hadn’t
11. Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank. (12年湖南卷)
A. to use B. used C. using D. use
12. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much
______. (12年全国卷)
A. the best B. best C. better D. the better
B
D
B
Ellipsis in other situations
高考链接
VII
Homework
1. Please finish Exercise 1, Exercise 2 and
exercise 3 on P30.
2. Please finish Exercises 1 — 4 on P74
and P75.
THANKS

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