资源简介 (5)阅读理解——高考英语考前三个月速记清单细节理解题技巧1:直接信息题在解这类题时,考生可以采取"关键词定位法",即"带着问题找答案",通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句,快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关,然后仔细推敲,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定答案。技巧2:间接信息题此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。技巧3:数字计算题数字计算题在文章中可以直接找到相关细节,但需经过具体的计算才能够得出答案。文章中出现的许多数字信息,经常通过一些单词表现出来,如 decade,century,double,score 等,它们对解题会起到一定的作用。此类题目常用how much/many提问。【常见词汇】detail 细节specific 具体的particular 特定的concrete 具体的,实在的instance 例子,实例example 例子fact 事实statistic 统计数字data 数据figure 数字,图表mention 提及state 陈述describe 描述list 列出quote 引用refer to 提到item 项目aspect方面feature 特点characteristic特性element 要素推理判断题技巧1:细节推理判断题细节推理判断题是最常见的一种推理判断题,该题型要求考生根据短文内容推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。其题干中通常含有 infer,suggest,imply,conclude,intend 等标志性词语。另外,题干中常含有表示推测的情态动词,如 can,could,might 等和其他表示可能性的副词,如 probably,likely 等。技巧2:文章的来源或读者对象推理判断题推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象要求考生本身要具备一定的常识,这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。常见的设题形式:This passage would most likely be found in ______.The passage is probably taken out of ______.Where does this text probably come from Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from 技巧3:写作意图推理判断题写作意图推理判断题要求考生根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。常见的设题形式:What is the author's purpose in writing the text The purpose of the text is to ______.The writer of the story wants to tell us that ______.The writer talks about...in order to ______.The author writes the last paragraph in order to ______.技巧4:观点态度推理判断题观点态度推理判断题指针对作者的写作意图、观点态度和对事件的评价进行设问的阅读理解题目。作者在文章中不仅客观地进行叙述和说明,往往还持有某种态度,如对某一观点或赞同或反对,或肯定或批评。因此这类题目主要考查考生对作者的观点、感情、态度、写作目的和意图的理解能力。常见的设题形式:The attitude of the author towards...is ______.What's the writer's attitude towards... What is the author's opinion on... What does the author think about... 【常见词汇】infer 推断imply 暗示suggest 表明conclude 得出结论learn 了解,从…中得知mean意为(一般为深层含义)【“表明”】indicate:表明,暗示suggest:表明,暗示imply:暗示,暗指show:显示,表明reveal:揭示,展现demonstrate:表明,证明evidence:表明,证明(表证据)manifest:表明,显示(较正式)point out:指出,表明make clear:使清楚,表明clarify:澄清,说明illustrate:说明,阐明 (举例)exemplify:举例说明(例证)testify:证明,证实【观点态度】赞同positive 肯定的、积极的favorable 赞成的、有利的approval 赞成enthusiasm 狂热、热心、积极性supportive 支持的defensive 为……而辩护否定negative 否定的、消极的、disapproval 不赞成objection 异议opposition 反对critical 批评的criticism 批评批判disgust 令人厌恶、令人反感warning警告的、告诫的detestation 憎恶worried 担忧的、焦虑的怀疑suspicion 猜疑、怀疑suspicious可疑的、怀疑的doubtful 可疑的、不确的、疑心的puzzling 使迷惑的、使莫名其妙的客观 (选择的可能性极大)objective 客观的neutral 中立的impartial 公平的、不偏不倚的disinterested 无私的imprejudiced 没有偏见的unbiased 没有偏见的unprejudiced 公平的、没有成见的detached 不含个人偏见的主观subjective 主观的、个人的indifference 不关心pessimism 悲观、悲观主义optimistic 乐观的sensitive 有感觉的、敏感的moderate 中等的、适度的mild 温和的、轻微的confused 困惑的、烦恼的biased 有偏见的indignant 愤怒的、愤慨的积极objective 客观的concerned 关注的confident 自信的interested 感兴趣的optimistic 乐观的positive 正面的impressive 给人深刻印象的、感人的中立impartial 公平的、不偏不倚的neutral 中立的impersonal 非个人的factual 事实的、实际的,根据事实的detached 不含个人偏见的消极 (通常不作为选项)negative 消极的indifferent 漠不关心的depressed 消沉的subjective 主观的pessimistic 悲观的unconcerned 不关心的hostile 敌对的、敌方的biased 片面的技巧5:篇章结构推理判断题篇章结构推理判断题是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次:一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构;二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。该题型要在正确理解篇章内容的基础上对文章的发展作出合理的推断,这些推断往往不是凭空臆断,而是建立在文中给出的提示的基础之上。常见的设题形式:Which of the following shows the organization/structure of the passage How is the passage organized Which of the following best shows the development of ideas in this passage The passage is mainly developed by ______.How does the author develop the passage How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2 词义猜测题技巧1:单词或短语意义猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,这也是一个从"已知"得出"未知"的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。常见的设题形式:The underlined word in the second paragraph means "______".Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph The underlined word...in Paragraph 1 can best be replaced by "______".What does the phrase...in Paragraph 2 mean 技巧2:句意理解题句意理解题大多考查句子的寓意,而非字面含义,且与文章主旨或段落主题密切相关。常见的设题形式:The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means "______".What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph 技巧3:代词指代题代词指代题旨在考查考生对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词 it,that,he,him,them等可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和 that 还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的对象。主旨大意题技巧1:段落大意题段落大意题针对某段或某几段的主题设问。常见的设题形式:The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that ______.What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1 Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 2 What is the main idea discussed in Paragraph 3 技巧2:文章大意题每篇阅读理解都有一个中心,获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是找出主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点,起统领全文的作用,文中的所有事实、细节都是为其服务的。文章的主题句的位置常在首段或结尾段。因此,在阅读中,考生要对文章的首段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的关注。有的中心思想隐含在文章中,比如有的故事类文章可能没有主题句,这就需要考生对文中的事实、细节进行分析、推断和归纳,从而概括出文章大意。常见的设题形式:The main purpose of the article is to show that ______.What is the main idea of the passage The writer of the passage wants to tell us that ______.The passage is mainly about ______.What is the subject discussed in the passage What does the passage mainly deal with 技巧3:标题归纳题标题归纳题主要考查考生对文章主题思想的把握能力和对抽象概括性语言的理解能力。文章的标题高度概括文章的内容,点明文章主题,且短小精悍,言简意赅。它可以是单词、短语,也可以是简短的句子,甚至可以是疑问词加不定式结构或名词加同位语结构,常见的设题形式:What is the best title for this passage Which of the following can be the best title for the passage The title that best expresses the idea of the passage isThe most suitable title of this passage isWhat would be the most suitable title for the text 【常见词汇】main idea 主旨大意purpose 目的topic 主题central 中心的focus 焦点emphasis 重点The best/suitable/proper title:最佳/合适/恰当的标题The author's main argument/claim:作者的主要论点/主张版权所有 正确教育 侵权必究! 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览