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第12讲 八年级下 Units3--4
重 点 单 词 sweep v.扫；打扫 floor n.地板 mess n.杂乱；不整洁 rubbish n.垃圾；废弃物 fold v.折叠；对折 borrow v.借；借用 lend v.借给；借出 neither adv.也不 pron.两者都不 depend v.依靠；信赖 since conj.因为；既然 prep.,conj.& adv.从……以后；自……以来 neighbor / neighbour n.邻居 develop v.发展；壮大 fairness n.公正性；合理性 ill adj.有病；不舒服 drop v.落下；掉下 fair adj.合理的；公正的 guess v.猜测；估计 deal n.协议；交易 relation n.关系；联系；交往 communication n.交流；沟通 shirt n.衬衫 pass v.给；递；走过；通过 while conj.与……同时；当……的时候；而；然而 stress n.精神压力；心理负担 waste n.浪费；垃圾 v.浪费；滥用 provide v.提供；供应 finger n.手指 hate v.厌恶；讨厌 throw v. 扔；掷 anyway adv.而且；加之 argue v.争吵；争论 unfair adj.不合理的；不公正的 allow v.允许；准许 wrong adj.有毛病；错误的 cloud n.云；云朵 elder adj.年纪较长的 nervous adj.焦虑的；担忧的 offer v.主动提出；自愿给予 compare v.比较 anymore adv.再也（不）；（不）再 member n.成员；分子 pressure n.压力 compete v.竞争；对抗 opinion n.意见；想法；看法 explain v.解释；说明 clear adj.清楚易懂的；晴朗的 cause v.造成；引起 usual adj.通常的；寻常的 perhaps adv.可能；大概；也许 copy v.抄袭；模仿；复制；复印 return v.归还；回来；返回 skill n.技艺；技巧 crazy adj.不理智的；疯狂的 push v.鞭策；督促；推动 proper adj.正确的；恰当的 secondly adv.第二；其次 instead adv.代替；反而；却 whatever pron.任何；每一 typical adj.典型的 football n.（美式）橄榄球；足球 quick adj.快的；迅速的；时间短暂的 continue v.持续；继续存在
词 汇 拓 展 develop v.发展；壮大→development (n.)发展 ill adj.有病；不舒服→illness (n.) 疾病 sweep v.扫；打扫→swept (过去式/过去分词) throw v.扔→threw (过去式)→thrown (过去分词) clear adj.清楚的,易懂的；晴朗的→clearly (adv.)清晰地 argue v.争论；争吵→argument (n.)争论；争吵 proper adj.正确的；恰当的→properly (adv.)正确地；适当地 two num.二→second (序数词)第二→secondly (adv.)第二；其次 lend v.借给；借出→borrow (反义词)借来；借用 compete v.竞争；对抗→competition (n.)比赛；竞争 usual adj.通常的；寻常的→unusual (反义词)特别的；不寻常的 quick adj.快的→quickly (adv.)快地 fair adj.合理的；公正的→unfair (反义词)不合理的；不公正的→fairness (n.)合理；公平 drop v.落下；掉下→dropped (过去式 /过去分词) communicate v.交流→communication (n.) 交流 relation n.关系；联系；交往→relationship (n.)关系；联系
重 点 短 语 一……就…… as soon as＝the minute 向某人借某物borrow sth.from sb. 频繁；反复 all the time 吃惊地；惊讶地in surprise 把某物借给某人lend sb.sth.＝ lend sth.to sb. 为了做…… in order to 把某物归还给某人give sth.back to sb.＝return sth.to sb.＝return sb.sth. 回到某地return to sp.＝come back to sp. 和某人竞争compete with sb. 练习做某事practice doing sth. 向某人提供某物provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb. 主动做某事offer to do sth. 向某人解释某事explain sth.to sb. 比较；对比compare with 依……看in one's opinion (做某事)是成功的be successful in doing sth. 和某人争吵argue with sb. 为某事争吵argue about sth. 对某人友好be nice to sb.＝be friendly to sb. 拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth. 与某人交流、沟通communicate with sb. 主动提供某人某物offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb. 成功做某事succeed in doing sth. 删除；删去cut out 继续做同一件事continue doing sth. 继续做另一件事continue to do sth. 结果；因此as a result 同意某人 agree with sb. 允许某人做某事allow sb.to do sth. 和某人打架、吵架get into a fight with sb.＝have a fight with sb.＝fight with sb. 快速查看；浏览look through 介意某人做某事 mind sb./one's doing sth. 依靠；信赖depend on 照顾 look after＝take care of＝care for 成功地发展；解决work out 和睦相处；关系良好get on/along with
重 点 句 型 —Could you please take the dog for a walk 你可以遛狗吗？ —OK,but I want to watch one show first.好的,但是我想先看一个节目。 The minute I sat down in front of the TV,my mom came over.我刚坐到电视前,我妈妈就过来了。 For one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也没干。 —Could I go out for dinner with my friends？我可以和我的朋友们出去吃饭吗？ —Sure,that should be OK.当然,那应该可以。 —Could we get something to drink after the movie？看完电影我们可以喝点东西吗？ —No,you can't.You have a basketball game tomorrow.不,你们不能。明天你们有一场篮球比赛。 “What happened？”she asked in surprise.她惊讶地问道：“发生什么事了？” It is not enough to just get good grades at school.只在学校取得好成绩是不够的。 As a result,he often fell ill and his grades dropped.结果,他经常生病,成绩也下降了。 The earlier kids learn to be independent,the better it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立,对他们的将来越好。 They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩进入一所好大学,他们应该把时间花在学业上。 It is the parents'job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。 Why don't you go to sleep earlier this evening？为什么你今晚不早点睡觉呢？ You should call him so that you can say you're sorry.你应该给他打电话,以便你能向他道歉。 You are afraid of speaking in front of people.你害怕在众人面前说话。 Your best friend does not trust you anymore.你最好的朋友不再相信你了。 The tired children don't get home until after 7：00 p.m.疲惫不堪的孩子们直到晚上7点后才回家。 I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.昨天我发现我妹妹正在翻看我的东西。 Although she's wrong,it's not a big deal.尽管她做得不对,但也没什么大不了的。 Hope things work out.希望事情会好起来。 I don't think that's fair.我觉得这不公平。
知识点
考点一 allow的用法
【教材原句】My parents don't allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去玩。
allow v. 允许
短语搭配
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow doing sth.允许做某事
be (not) allowed to do sth.(不)被允许做某事
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2023四川广安中考)People are not __________ (允许) to talk loudly when they are in the library.
【答案】allowed
【详解】句意：人们在图书馆时不允许大声说话。be allowed to do sth表示“被允许做某事”，固定短语。故填allowed。
考点二 borrow用法
【教材原句】 Could I borrow that book 我可以借那本书吗？
borrow v. 借入
borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
辨析borrow、lend与return
lend 意为“借出”，指自己把某物借给别人
lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人
return 表示“归还”
return sth. to sb.把某物归还给某人
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·四川自贡）—Could I ______ the book for two more days
—Sorry, you can't. You must follow our rules.
A．borrow B．lend C．keep
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——这本书我可以再借两天吗？——对不起，你不能。你必须遵守我们的规定。
考查动词辨析。borrow借入，瞬间动词；lend借出，瞬间动词；keep保有，持有，延续性动词；第一句中的 for two more days是一个时间段，因此需要用延续性动词。此时只有keep符合此空。故选C。
2．（2024·泰安一模）It was very kind of Lin Tao to ________（借）me his camera last week.
【答案】lend
【详解】句意：林涛上周把照相机借给我，真是太好了。
根据语境及中文提示，borrow和lend都表示"借”，borrow表示借入，lend表示借出，这里指林涛把照相机借给我，是表示借出，故用动词lend；不定式符号to后面接动词原形，故填lend。
考点三 neither的用法
【教材原句】For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 有一个星期，她不做任何家务，我也不做。
neither 可以作代词，形容词和副词。
neither 作代词，意为“两者都不”，反义词: both(两者都)
“neither of+名词/代词复数”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式
neither 作形容词，意为“两者都不”，常用于修饰可数名词的单数
neither 作副词，意为“也不”，“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前文否定情况同样适用于其他人或物
neither…nor…“既不……也不……”,连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与nor后的主语保持人称和数的—致
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·菏泽·三模）—It's a pity that ______ my teachers ______ my parents allow me to swim alone.
—After all you are too young, safety first.
A．neither;nor B．both;and C．not only;but also
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——很遗憾，我的老师和父母都不允许我独自游泳。——毕竟你还太小，安全第一。
考查连词辨析。neither...nor既不......也不.....；both...and两者都；not only...but also不但.....而且....。根据下文“After all you are too young，safety first”提示，老师和父母都不赞同说话者独自游泳，表示"两者都不"应用neither...nor，故选A。
2. (2023辽宁本溪、葫芦岛中考) I tried to buy the dictionary in two bookstores, but ________
of them had it.
A.both B.all C. neither D.none
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我试着在两家书店买这本字典，但它们都没有卖。
考查代词辨析。both（两者）都；all（三者及以上）都；neither（两者）都不；none（三者及以上）都不。根据“I tried to buy the dictionary in two bookstores, but…”可知，这两家书店都没有我想买的书。故选C。
考点四 provide用法
【教材原句】It is the parents' job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 为孩子提供一个干净、舒适的家庭环境是父母的事情。
provide v. 提供
相关词汇拓展：
provider n. 提供者
provision n. 供应，规定
短语搭配：
provide sth. for sb. =provide sb. with sth.
辨析provide与offer
offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 强调“主动提供”
eg：The company provides lunch for its employees. 这家公司为员工提供午餐。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·安徽阜阳·一模）Many people prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always ________ guests with better service.
A．require B．protect C．produce D．provide
【答案】D
【详解】句意：许多人喜欢五星级酒店，因为他们认为昂贵的酒店总是为客人提供更好的服务。
考查动词辨析。require要求；protect保护；produce生产；provide提供。根据“guests with better service.”可知，是提供更好的服务。故选D。
2．（2023·福建厦门·二模）I’m thankful to my parents because they _________ me with everything that I need.
A．provide B．compare C．exchange
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我很感激我的父母，因为他们提供给我需要的一切。
考查动词辨析。provide提供；compare比较；exchange交换。根据“I’m thankful to my parents”可知，父母提供给我所需一切，我很感激。故选A。
3．（2024·安徽中考）With its famous mountains, lakes, and towns, Anhui has so much to ________ tourists.
A．guard B．offer C．push D．cost
【答案】B
【详解】句意：安徽有着著名的山脉、湖泊和城镇，可以为游客提供很多。
考查动词辨析。guard保卫；offer提供；push推；cost花费。根据“Anhui has so much to…tourists”可知，此处指安徽可以提供给游客很多美景。故选B。
4．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）The health website provides a lot of useful advice ________ teenagers.
A．with B．for C．to D．on
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这个健康网站为青少年提供了很多有用的建议。
考查介词辨析和动词短语。with和；for为了；to到；on在……上。此处是固定短语provide sth for sb“为某人提供某物”，故选B。
考点五 nervous 用法
nervous adj. 紧张的、焦虑的
相关词汇拓展：
nervously adv. 紧张地
nervousness n. 紧张
短语搭配：
be nervous about sth. 对某事感到紧张
eg：She's nervous about her job interview. 她对面试感到紧张。
Consumers are very nervous about the future. 消费者对未来非常忧虑。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·福建·中考真题）—To tell the truth, I am now feeling very ________.
—Take it easy. You’ll make it.
A．peaceful B．nervous C．confident
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——说实话，我现在感到很紧张。 ——别紧张。你会成功的。
考查形容词辨析。peaceful平静的；nervous紧张的； confident自信的。根据“Take it easy. You’ll make it.”可知，此处表示感到紧张。故选B。
考点六 proper 用法
proper adj. 适当的，正确的
相关词汇拓展：
properly adv. 适当地
eg：It's important to use proper grammar when writing. 写作时使用正确的语法很重要。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）It’s such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress ________.
A．careful B．carefully C．proper D．properly
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这场会议非常重要，建议每个人都穿着得体。
考查词义辨析和副词修饰动词。careful形容词，仔细的；carefully副词，仔细地；proper形容词，合适的；properly副词，得体地。根据“It’s such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress...”可知，应该是穿着得体，在句中修饰动词，用副词形式。故选D。
2．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Parents should teach their children to behave ________ in public.
A．properly B．clearly C．importantly D．widely
【答案】A
【详解】句意：父母应该教育孩子在公共场合举止得体。
考查副词辨析。properly得体地；clearly清晰地；importantly重要地；widely广泛地。根据“behave...in public”可知在公共场合要举止得体。故选A。
考点七 crazy 用法
crazy adj. 疯狂的，着迷的
相关词汇拓展：
crazily adv. 疯狂地
craziness n. 疯狂
短语搭配：
be crazy about sth. 对某物着迷
eg：She's crazy about dancing. 她对跳舞着迷。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—What do you think of the cute toy “Happy Loong (龙)”
—I like it very much. Many teenagers are ________ about it.
A．sorry B．worried C．crazy
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你觉得“快乐龙”这个可爱的玩具怎么样？——我非常喜欢它。许多青少年都为之疯狂。
考查形容词辨析。sorry遗憾的；worried担心的；crazy疯狂的。根据“I like it very much. Many teenagers are…about it.”可知是指许多青少年都为之疯狂。be crazy about“迷上……”。故选C。
考点八 compete用法
compete v. 竞争；对抗
相关词汇拓展：
competition n. 竞争，比赛
competitive adj.，有竞争力的
competition n. 比赛；竞争
短语搭配：
compete with sb. 与某人竞争
compete for 为……竞争
eg ：They are competing for the first prize. 他们正在争夺一等奖。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北荆州·中考真题）—Hangzhou will hold the 19th Asian Games from September 23 to October 8, 2023.
—Right. Players will _______ in forty sports, such as swimming, table tennis and volleyball.
A．compete B．believe C．imagine D．advise
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——第19届亚运会将于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举行。——对的。运动员将参加40个项目的比赛，如游泳、乒乓球和排球。
考查动词辨析。compete参加比赛；believe相信；imagine想象；advise建议。根据“Players will…in forty sports,”可知，运动员应该是参加比赛，compete符合题意。故选A。
考点九 depend on用法
depend on 依靠；信赖；由……决定；取决于
拓展：动词+on的短语
turn on 打开
get on上车
insist on坚持
come on快点
put on 穿上；戴上
eg：Whether we go or not depends on the weather. 我们去不去取决于天气。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·吉林长春·一模）Many students _______ their parents too much. They should learn to look after themselves.
A．put on B．get on C．depend on D．turn on
【答案】C
【详解】句意：许多学生过分依赖他们的父母。他们应该学会照顾自己。
考查动词短语辨析。put on穿上；get on上车；depend on依靠；turn on打开。根据“They should learn to look after themselves.”可知，此处指孩子们过于依赖父母，故选C。
2．（2023·河北衡水·二模）A writer doesn’t ________ his or her talent but on hard work.
A．depend on B．try on C．work on D．put on
【答案】A
【详解】句意：一个作家不取决于他的才华，而取决于他的努力。
考查动词短语。depend on取决于，依靠；try on试穿；work on从事，操作；put on穿，增加。根据“A writer doesn’t … his or her talent but on hard work.”和常识可知，一个作家的成功应是不取决于他的才华，而取决于他的努力。故选A。
考点十 work out用法
work out 解决，制定，拟定；算出
短语搭配：
work out a problem解决问题
work out at the gym 在健身房锻炼
e.g：I need to work out this math problem. 我需要解决这个数学问题。
Each year, the company will work out a list of the world's most crowded cities.每年，该公司都会列出世界上最拥挤的城市名单。
Do you know how to work out the difficult math problem 你知道如何解决这道数学难题吗？
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·云南·中考真题）The students worked in groups to ________ the difficult problem in the math class.
A．work out B．turn down C．cut off D．worry about
【答案】A
【详解】句意：学生们分组算出数学课上的难题。
考查动词短语。work out计算出；turn down拒绝；cut off切断；worry about担心。根据“the difficult problem in the math class”可知，此处指计算出难题。故选A。
2．（2023·安徽·中考真题）Our team ________ what to do about the project and successfully completed it on time.
A．gave up B．worked out C．turned down D．took away
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们的团队制定出了这个项目的方案，并成功地按时完成了。
考查动词短语辨析。gave up放弃；worked out解决；turned down拒绝；took away带走。根据“Our team…what to do about the project and successfully completed it on time”可知，解决了这个方案，并按时完成，故选B。
考点十一 communication 用法
communication n. 交流，沟通
相关词汇拓展：
communicate v. 交流
communicative adj. 善于交流的
短语搭配：
effective communication 有效沟通
eg：Good communication is key to a successful relationship. 良好的沟通是成功关系的关键。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·四川凉山·中考真题）All in all, ________ with friends is the best medicine for your mental health (心理健康). Hope my advice can help you.
A．communication B．information C．instruction
【答案】A
【详解】句意：总而言之，与朋友的交流是你心理健康的最佳药物。希望我的建议能帮到你。
考查名词辨析。communication交流；information信息；instruction用法说明。根据“All in all, ...with friends is the best medicine for your mental health (心理健康).”可知，与朋友的交流是心理健康的最佳药物，故选A。
考点十二 gets on with 用法
gets on with 与…相处，继续进行
短语搭配：
get on well with sb.（与某人相处融洽）
eg：He gets on well with his classmates. 他和同学们相处融洽。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·天津红桥·一模）Wang Hui is a popular monitor. He ___________ his classmates and teachers.
A．gets on well with B．takes part in C．gets into trouble with D．keeps clear of
【答案】A
【详解】句意：王辉是个受欢迎的班长。他与同学和老师相处得很好。
考查动词短语。gets on well with相处得好；takes part in参加；gets into trouble with惹麻烦；keeps clear of避免。根据“Wang Hui is a popular monitor.”可知，王辉很受欢迎，因此应是和大家相处得很好。故选A。
2．（2023·天津·中考真题）Lisa is a popular monitor. She ________ her classmates and teachers.
A．takes part in B．gets on well with
C．gets into trouble with D．keeps clear of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：丽莎是一位受欢迎的班长。她与同学和老师相处得很好。
考查动词短语。takes part in参加；gets on well with相处得很好；gets into trouble with惹上麻烦；keeps clear of避开，不接触。根据“Lisa is a popular monitor.”可知是和同学老师相处得很好。故选B。
3．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Human beings should ________ the nature.
A．deal with B．come up with
C．catch up with D．get along well with
【答案】D
【详解】句意：人类应该与自然和谐相处。
考查动词短语辨析。deal with处理；come up with提出；catch up with赶上；get along well with与……和睦相处。根据“Human beings should…the nature”可知，人类与自然要和睦相处，故选D。
考点十三 cause用法
cause v. 引起，造成；n. 原因，起因
短语搭配：
cause trouble 引起麻烦
the cause of the accident 事故的原因
eg：His carelessness caused the accident. 他的粗心大意导致了事故。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·山东东营·一模）—I often feel stressed out recently. What should I do
—If you want to work out the problem of stress successfully, you need to find out the ______ first.
A．suggestion B．thought C．cause D．method
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——最近我经常感到压力很大。我该怎么办？——如果你想成功地解决压力的问题，你需要首先找出原因。
考查名词。suggestion建议；thought想法；cause原因，理由；method方法。根据语境可知，此处指要先找出压力大的原因。故选C。
考点十四 as soon as用法
as soon as一…就…
短语搭配：
as soon as possible 尽快
eg：I'll call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Please give the Chinese book to Linda.
—OK. ________ I see her, I will give it to her.
A．As soon as B．Unless C．Before
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——请把这本中文书给琳达。——好的。我一见到她，就把它给她。
考查连词辨析。as soon as一……就；unless除非；before在……之前。根据“I see her, I will give it to her”可知是一见到她，就把书给她，用as soon as引导时间状语从句。故选A。
2．（2023·福建厦门·二模）—When will you go to the grandma’s
—I’ll see her ______ I get off the plane.I really miss her.
A．as long as B．as soon as C．as well as
【答案】B
【详解】句意：———你什么时候去奶奶家？——我一下飞机就去看她。我真的想她。
考查连词辨析。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；as soon as一……就……，引导时间状语从句；as well as和，连接两个并列的词。根据“I get off the plane.”可知，此句是关于时间的，指一下飞机，故选B。
考点十五 compare用法
compare v. 比较
相关词汇拓展：
comparable adj. 可比较的
comparison n.比较
短语搭配：
compare A with/to B 把A和B作比较
eg：Compare this phone with that one, and you'll see which is better. 把这部手机和那部比较一下，你就会知道哪个更好了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江西赣州·一模）Don’t always ________ yourself with others. You can be anything you want to be.
A．share B．discuss C．connect D．compare
【答案】D
【详解】句意：不要总是拿自己和别人比较。你可以成为任何你想成为的人。
考查动词辨析。share分享；discuss讨论；connect连接；compare比较。根据“You can be anything you want to be.”可知，此处指的是不要拿自己和别人比较。故选D。
考点十六 cut out用法
cut out 剪下，戒掉
短语搭配：
cut out a picture 剪下一张图片
cut out smoking 戒烟
eg：I cut out this article from the newspaper. 我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·山东东营·一模）—What should we do first if we find a fire in the room
—We should _________ the electricity and leave the house at once.
A．put off B．cut out C．leave out D．shut off
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——如果我们发现房间着火了，我们首先应该做什么？——我们应该立即切断电源并离开房子。
考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟；cut out切断，剪掉；leave out遗漏，省略；shut off关闭。根据空格后给出的名词the electricity可知，这里表示“切断电”。故选B。
考点十七 return用法
return v. 返回，归还； n. 返回，归还物
eg：He will return from his trip next week. 他下周旅行回来。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·天津·中考真题）We _________ the books to the library after we read them.
A．returned B．pointed C．waved D．caught
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们看完书后把书还给了图书馆。
考查动词辨析。return归还；point指向；wave挥手；catch抓住。根据“the books to the library after we read them.”可知，书看完后还给了图书馆，故选A。
考点十八 throw away用法
throw away 扔掉，浪费
短语搭配：
throw away trash 扔垃圾
eg：Don't throw away that old photo; it has sentimental value. 别扔掉那张老照片，它有纪念意义。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）Don’t ________ rubbish everywhere. It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
A．put away B．take away C．throw away
【答案】C
【详解】句意：不要到处乱扔垃圾。保护环境是所有人的责任。
考查动词短语。put away收起；take away拿走；throw away扔掉。根据“Don’t…rubbish everywhere”可知，此处指不要到处乱扔垃圾。故选C。
考点十九 look through用法
look through 浏览，快速查看
短语搭配：
look through a book 浏览一本书
eg：I looked through the report before the meeting. 会议前我浏览了一下报告。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）Ann is ________ her notes for her English exam now.
A．paying for B．giving away C．looking through D．putting up
【答案】C
【详解】句意：安现在正为了英语考试而翻阅她的笔记。
考查动词短语。paying for支付；giving away赠送；looking through浏览，翻阅；putting up张贴。根据“her notes for her English exam”可知是为了考试在翻阅笔记。故选C。
考点二十 fair用法
fair adj. 公平的
相关词汇拓展：
fairly adv. 相当地
fairness n. 公平性
短语搭配：
a fair deal 公平的交易
eg：It's important to be fair to everyone. 对每个人公平是很重要的。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽·三模）—It is not _________ to always ask the same person to do the work in a team.
—I agree. We should share the work.
A．strict B．wrong C．special D．fair
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——在团队里总是要求同一个人去做事是不公平的。——我同意。我们应该共同分享工作。
考查形容词。strict严格的；wrong错误的；special特殊的；fair公平的。根据“always ask the same person to do the work in a team”可知，是不公平的。故选D。
考点二十一 drop by用法
drop by 顺便拜访
短语搭配：
drop by someone's house 顺便拜访某人的家
eg：I'll drop by your office later to discuss the project. 我一会儿顺便去你办公室讨论一下这个项目。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·二模）Next time you are in Melbourne, Australia, make sure to drop ________ this candy store.
A．to B．off C．by
【答案】C
【详解】句意：下次你在澳大利亚墨尔本时，一定要顺便来这家糖果店。
考查介词辨析。to到；off离开；by被。根据“drop...this candy store”可知是顺便到糖果店，drop by“顺便拜访”。故选C。
语法点
一、情态动词could表示礼貌的请求与许可。
1. 礼貌的向别人发出请求与许可时通常用Could you ...？句型
询问别人自己能否做某事时Could I... 句型
情态动词could也可以换成can，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。
e.g. Could you help me find my book, please 你能帮我找到我的书吗？
2. 对Could you / I... 的问句做出肯定回答，常用“Sure/Certainly/Of course.”等；如果做否定回答，常用“Sorry.../ Oh, please don’t.”一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。
e.g. --Could you give me a bottle of orange juice, please 你能给我一瓶橙汁吗？
--Sure. Here you are.当然。给你。
-- Could you carry the box for me 你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？
-- Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy now.对不起，我不能。我现在很忙。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·陕西西安·二模）—_________ I borrow your dictionary I left mine at home.
—Sorry, I’m afraid you _________ because I’m using it.
A．Could; can B．Could; can’t C．Must; can D．Must; can’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我可以借用你的字典吗？我把我的落在家里了。——对不起，恐怕你不能，因为我正在用它。
考查情态动词的用法。Could表示请求允许；Must表示必须；can表示可以；can’t表示拒绝。根据“I borrow your dictionary ”可知，第一空应填Could，表示请求允许；根据“because I’m using it.”可知，第二空应填can’t，表示拒绝。故选B。
2．（2024·河北唐山·三模）—________ you give me a hand I can’t move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A．Must B．Need C．Should D．Could
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你能帮我一下吗？我自己搬不动这个箱子。——没问题。
考查情态动词。must必须；need需要；should应该；could能。根据“I can't move the box by myself”可知，我自己搬不动这个箱子，因此请求别人帮助；Could you do sth “你能做某事吗？”表示委婉地请求。故选D。
3．（2024·云南昆明·一模）—________ you give me a hand I can’t move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Might
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你能帮我一下吗？我自己搬不动这个箱子。——没问题。
考查情态动词。Could能；Should应该；Must必须；Might可能。根据“I can’t move the box by myself.”可知，自己搬不动这个箱子，因此请求别人帮助，而“Could you do sth 你能做某事吗？”，表示委婉地请求。故选A。
二、 Why don’t you … 用法
（1）Why don’t you do sth. 是常见的提建议的句型，意为“你为什么不做某事呢？”，与Why not do sth同义。
e.g. ---Why don’t you talk to your parents 你为什么不和你父母谈谈？
---Good idea! 好主意！
--- Why don’t you tell him to do something quiet 你为什么不告诉他安静点？
---That sounds good.听起来不错。
该句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。
e.g. ---Why not go to the movies with us 为什么不和我们一起去看电影呢？
---I’d like to,but I have to study for the text.我很想去，但我得为课文学习。
( 2 )常用答语
肯定回答 Good idea! / That’s a good idea! / All right. / Great. / Yes. Please./ I’d love to. No problem./ Sounds good/ great./ I agree with you.
否定回答 I don’t think so. I’d love to, but I have to... That sounds boring I am afraid not. Sorry, I can’t./ Sorry, but...
【拓展】其他提建议的句型
1.What/How about…… “……怎么样/好吗？”
e.g. --What/How about watching TV 看电视怎么样？
---Sounds boring.听起来很无聊。
2.Would you like sth. “你想要某物吗？”
e.g. --- Would you like some apples 你想要一些苹果吗？
---Yes,please./No,thanks.好的，请/不用了，谢谢。
3.Let’s do sth.“咱们做某事吧”
e.g. --- Let’s sing a song!让我们唱首歌吧！
---OK./All right./Good idea./Sounds great./Why not 好的/好的/好主意/听起来很棒/为什么不呢？
4.You should (not) do sth. “你（不）应当做某事”
e.g. You should go to the doctor. 你应该去看医生。
5.You’d better (not) do sth.“你最好（不）做某事”
e.g. You’d better call her at once. 你最好马上给她打电话。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·广西·三模）—Why don’t you go fishing with us this afternoon
—________ It is sunny today and we can relax.
A．Well done! B．No way. C．Good idea!
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——今天下午为什么不和我们去钓鱼？——好主意！今天阳光很好，我们可以放松一下。
考查情景交际。Well done!干得好；No way.不可能；Good idea!好主意。“Why don’t you go fishing with us this afternoon ”是建议句型，此处应对他人的建议作出回应，所以是Good idea。故选C。
2．（2024·广西·二模）—Why not go out for a walk with me
—________.
A．You are right B．Great idea C．Yes, please
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——为什么不和我一起出去散步呢？——好主意。
考查情景交际。You are right你说得对；Great idea好主意；Yes, please好的。根据“Why not go out for a walk with me”可知，此处应回应对方的建议，B选项符合语境，故选B。
3．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）—Why don’t you talk to your parents
—________.
A．I want not to talk to them B．Thank you C．Sounds good D．It doesn’t matter
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你为什么不和你的父母谈谈？——听起来不错。
考查情景交际。I want not to talk to them我不想和他们说话；Thank you谢谢；Sounds good听起来不错；It doesn’t matter没关系。根据“Why don’t you talk to your parents ”可知，此处回答建议的。故选C。
三、连词until、so that 与although引导的状语从句
( 1 ) not... until...的用法
until意为“直到......”。单独使用时，until和till通常可以互换使用，但要注意的是till一般只用于句中，而until即可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。
e.g. The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight.街上的喧闹声直到午夜才停止。
He lived with his parents until/ till he graduated from college.他和父母住在一起，直到大学毕业。
【注意】当主句的动词为非延续性动词时，要用not...until...结构；当主句的动词为延续性动词时，可用till或until。
( 2 ) so that引导的目的或结果状语从句
①so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句时，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。
e.g. He took a car so that he could get there earlier.他乘坐了一辆车以便能早点到那里。
②so that意为“以致于；结果”，引导结果状语从句，陈述的是客观事实，常常不带情态动词。
e.g. I studied English hard so that I passed the English exam.我努力学习英语，所以通过了英语考试。
( 3 ) although conj.虽然
①做连词时，although和though通常可以相互转换。
e.g. Although/ though she smiled, she was angry.虽然她笑了，但她很生气。
②although常放在从句的开头，当用连接词语或短语时，though更为常用且位置灵活，不仅局限在开头。
e.g. Wiser though poorer尽管穷一些但更有头脑
③以下情况只用though。
a.与even连用时用though表示强调，这里的even though = even if，意为“即使......也......”。
b.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用though，而不用although。
e.g. Thoughall the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.就算全世界都反对我，我还是坚持我的观点。
c.Though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为“还是，仍然，可是，然而”.
e.g. It’s hard wor. I enjoy it, though.这工作很辛苦。不过，我很喜欢。
④though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，而although引导的让步状语从句则不能。
e.g. Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.尽管他们勇敢地战斗，但他们没有获胜的机会。
注意：although和though在句中不能与but连用，但可与副词yet连用。即句中用了although或though就不能再使用but了。
e.g. Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. 尽管天气很冷，他还是没穿大衣就出去了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Tom didn’t go to bed ________ his mother came back last night.
A．until B．if C．because D．unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意：汤姆直到他妈妈昨晚回来才上床睡觉。
考查连词辨析。until直到；if如果；because因为；unless除非。分析句子可知，此处指汤姆直到妈妈回来才上床睡觉。not…until…“直到……才……”。故选A。
2．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）You will never truly understand your parents’ great love ______ you grow up.
A．until B．if C．since D．as
【答案】A
【详解】句意：直到你长大，你才会真正理解父母之爱有多伟大。
考查连词辨析。until直到；if如果；since既然；as随着。根据“You will never truly understand your parents’ great love…you grow up”可知，直到长大才会理解父母的爱，故选A。
3．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）Our teacher asks us to read newspapers every day ________ we can find out what’s going on around the world.
A．so that B．even though C．in order to D．as soon as
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们的老师让我们每天读报，这样我们就可以了解世界各地发生了什么。
考查连词辨析。so that以便于；even though即使；in order to为了；as soon as一……就。“Our teacher asks us to read newspapers every day”的目的是“we can find out what’s going on around the world.”，且空后是从句，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
4．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Let’s take the simple steps today ________ we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow.
A．unless B．until C．so that D．though
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们从今天开始采取一些措施吧，这样我们将会为我们的后代子孙拯救世界。
考查连词辨析。unless除非；until直到；so that以便；though尽管。分析句子可知，我们现在采取行动的目的是为了我们的后代，故用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。
5．（2024·吉林长春·二模）People usually read the articles in newspapers very carefully ________ they can know what is going on around the world.
A．so that B．even if C．because of D．in order to
【答案】A
【详解】句意：人们通常非常仔细地阅读报纸上的文章，以便了解世界上正在发生的事情。
考查so that引导目的状语从句。so that以便；even if尽管；because of因为；in order to为了。“they can know what is going on around the world”是“People usually read the articles in newspapers very carefully”的目的，且“they can know what is going on around the world”是句子，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
6．（2024·北京西城·三模）________ Su Yiming is only 18 years old, he is already a highly successful sportsman.
A．If B．Until C．Because D．Although
【答案】D
【详解】句意：虽然苏翊鸣只有18岁，但他已经是一位非常成功的运动员。
考查连词辨析。if如果；until直到；because因为；although虽然。前后两句是让步关系，用although引导让步状语从句。故选D。
7．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）______ he is a foreigner, he is interested in Chinese culture and delicious food.
A．Although B．Since C．Because D．Unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意：虽然他是一个外国人，但他对中国文化和美食很感兴趣。
考查连词辨析。Although虽然；Since自从；Because因为；Unless除非。根据“he is a foreigner, he is interested in Chinese culture and delicious food.”可知，前后句之间为转折关系，应用Although引导让步状语从句。故选A。
8．（2023·新疆·中考真题）________ the times keep changing, young people in China have shown the same promise.
A．But B．Unless C．Although D．As soon as
【答案】C
【详解】句意：尽管时代在不断变化，但中国的年轻人表现出了同样的希望。
考查从属连词辨析。But但是；Unless除非；Although虽然；As soon as一……就。根据“...he times keep changing, young people in China have shown the same promise.”可知，前后构成让步关系，用Although引导让步状语从句。故选C。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第12讲 八年级下 Units3--4
重 点 单 词 ____________v.扫；打扫 ____________n.地板 ____________n.杂乱；不整洁 ____________n.垃圾；废弃物 ____________v.折叠；对折 ____________v.借；借用 ____________v.借给；借出 ____________adv.也不pron.两者都不 ____________v.依靠；信赖 ____________conj.因为；既然prep.,conj.&adv.从……以后；自……以来 ____________n.邻居 ____________v.发展；壮大 ____________n.公正性；合理性 ____________adj.有病；不舒服 ____________v.落下；掉下 ____________adj.合理的；公正的 ____________v.猜测；估计 ____________n.协议；交易 ____________n.关系；联系；交往 ____________n.交流；沟通 ____________n.衬衫 ____________v.给；递；走过；通过 ____________conj.与……同时；当……的时候；而；然而 ____________n.精神压力；心理负担 ____________n.浪费；垃圾v.浪费；滥用 ____________v.提供；供应 ____________n.手指 ____________v.厌恶；讨厌 ____________v.扔；掷 ____________adv.而且；加之 ____________v.争吵；争论 ____________adj.不合理的；不公正的 ____________v.允许；准许 ____________adj.有毛病；错误的 ____________n.云；云朵 ____________adj.年纪较长的 ____________adj.焦虑的；担忧的 ____________v.主动提出；自愿给予 ____________v.比较 ____________adv.再也（不）；（不）再 ____________n.成员；分子 ____________n.压力 ____________v.竞争；对抗 ____________n.意见；想法；看法 ____________v.解释；说明 ____________adj.清楚易懂的；晴朗的 ____________v.造成；引起 ____________adj.通常的；寻常的 ____________adv.可能；大概；也许 ____________v.抄袭；模仿；复制；复印 ____________v.归还；回来；返回 ____________n.技艺；技巧 ____________adj.不理智的；疯狂的 ____________v.鞭策；督促；推动 ____________adj.正确的；恰当的 ____________adv.第二；其次 ____________adv.代替；反而；却 ____________pron.任何；每一 ____________adj.典型的 ____________n.（美式）橄榄球；足球 ____________adj.快的；迅速的；时间短暂的 ____________v.持续；继续存在
词 汇 拓 展 develop v.发展；壮大→___________ (n.)发展 ill adj.有病；不舒服→___________ (n.) 疾病 sweep v.扫；打扫→___________ (过去式/过去分词) throw v.扔→___________ (过去式)→___________ (过去分词) clear adj.清楚的,易懂的；晴朗的→___________ (adv.)清晰地 argue v.争论；争吵→___________ (n.)争论；争吵 proper adj.正确的；恰当的→___________ (adv.)正确地；适当地 two num.二→___________ (序数词)第二→___________ (adv.)第二；其次 lend v.借给；借出→___________ (反义词)借来；借用 compete v.竞争；对抗→___________ (n.)比赛；竞争 usual adj.通常的；寻常的→___________ (反义词)特别的；不寻常的 quick adj.快的→___________ (adv.)快地 fair adj.合理的；公正的→___________ (反义词)不合理的；不公正的→___________ (n.)合理；公平 drop v.落下；掉下→___________ (过去式 /过去分词) communicate v.交流→___________ (n.) 交流 relation n.关系；联系；交往→___________ (n.)关系；联系
重 点 短 语 一……就…… ____________ 向某人借某物 ____________ 频繁；反复 ____________ 吃惊地；惊讶地 ____________ 把某物借给某人 ____________ 为了做…… ____________ 把某物归还给某人 ____________ 回到某地 ____________ 和某人竞争 ____________ 练习做某事 ____________ 向某人提供某物 ____________ 主动做某事 ____________ 向某人解释某事 ____________ 比较；对比 ____________ 依……看 ____________ (做某事)是成功的 ____________ 和某人争吵 ____________ 为某事争吵 ____________ 对某人友好 ____________ 拒绝做某事 ____________ 与某人交流、沟通 ____________ 主动提供某人某物 ____________ 成功做某事 ____________ 删除；删去 ____________ 继续做同一件事 ____________ 继续做另一件事 ____________ 结果；因此 ____________ 同意某人 ____________ 允许某人做某事 ____________ 和某人打架、吵架 ____________ 快速查看；浏览 ____________ 介意某人做某事 ____________ 依靠；信赖 ____________ 照顾 ____________ 成功地发展；解决 ____________ 和睦相处；关系良好 ____________
重 点 句 型 —________ take the dog for a walk 你可以遛狗吗？ —OK,but I want to watch one show first.好的,但是我想先看一个节目。 ______ I sat down in front of the TV,my mom ______.我刚坐到电视前,我妈妈就过来了。 For one week,she did not do any housework and ________.整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也没干。 —____ I go out for dinner with my friends？我可以和我的朋友们出去吃饭吗？ —Sure,that ______ OK.当然,那应该可以。 —____ we get ________ after the movie？看完电影我们可以喝点东西吗？ —No,you ____.You have a basketball game tomorrow.不,你们不能。明天你们有一场篮球比赛。 “______？” she asked ______.她惊讶地问道：“发生什么事了？” ____________ just get good grades at school.只在学校取得好成绩是不够的。 ________,he often ______ and his grades dropped.结果,他经常生病,成绩也下降了。 ______ kids learn to be independent,______ it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立,对他们的将来越好。 They should ____ their time ____ schoolwork ________ get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩进入一所好大学,他们应该把时间花在学业上。 ______ the parents' ______ provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。 ________ go to sleep earlier this evening？为什么你今晚不早点睡觉呢？ You should call him ______ you can say you're sorry.你应该给他打电话,以便你能向他道歉。 You ________ speaking in front of people.你害怕在众人面前说话。 Your best friend does ____ trust you ____.你最好的朋友不再相信你了。 The tired children ____ get home ____ after 7：00 p.m.疲惫不堪的孩子们直到晚上7点后才回家。 I ____ my sister ______ my things yesterday.昨天我发现我妹妹正在翻看我的东西。 ____ she's wrong,it's not ________.尽管她做得不对,但也没什么大不了的。 Hope things ______.希望事情会好起来。 ________ that's fair.我觉得这不公平。
知识点
考点一 allow的用法
【教材原句】My parents don't allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去玩。
allow v. 允许
短语搭配
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事
allow doing sth.允许做某事
be (not) allowed to do sth.(不)被允许做某事
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2023四川广安中考)People are not __________ (允许) to talk loudly when they are in the library.
考点二 borrow用法
【教材原句】 Could I borrow that book 我可以借那本书吗？
borrow v. 借入
borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
辨析borrow、lend与return
lend 意为“借出”，指自己把某物借给别人
lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人
return 表示“归还”
return sth. to sb.把某物归还给某人
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·四川自贡）—Could I ______ the book for two more days
—Sorry, you can't. You must follow our rules.
A．borrow B．lend C．keep
2．（2024·泰安一模）It was very kind of Lin Tao to ________（借）me his camera last week.
考点三 neither的用法
【教材原句】For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 有一个星期，她不做任何家务，我也不做。
neither 可以作代词，形容词和副词。
neither 作代词，意为“两者都不”，反义词: both(两者都)
“neither of+名词/代词复数”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式
neither 作形容词，意为“两者都不”，常用于修饰可数名词的单数
neither 作副词，意为“也不”，“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前文否定情况同样适用于其他人或物
neither…nor…“既不……也不……”,连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与nor后的主语保持人称和数的—致
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·菏泽·三模）—It's a pity that ______ my teachers ______ my parents allow me to swim alone.
—After all you are too young, safety first.
A．neither;nor B．both;and C．not only;but also
2. (2023辽宁本溪、葫芦岛中考) I tried to buy the dictionary in two bookstores, but ________
of them had it.
A.both B.all C. neither D.none
考点四 provide用法
【教材原句】It is the parents' job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 为孩子提供一个干净、舒适的家庭环境是父母的事情。
provide v. 提供
相关词汇拓展：
provider n. 提供者
provision n. 供应，规定
短语搭配：
provide sth. for sb. =provide sb. with sth.
辨析provide与offer
offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 强调“主动提供”
eg：The company provides lunch for its employees. 这家公司为员工提供午餐。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·安徽阜阳·一模）Many people prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always ________ guests with better service.
A．require B．protect C．produce D．provide
2．（2023·福建厦门·二模）I’m thankful to my parents because they _________ me with everything that I need.
A．provide B．compare C．exchange
3．（2024·安徽中考）With its famous mountains, lakes, and towns, Anhui has so much to ________ tourists.
A．guard B．offer C．push D．cost
4．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）The health website provides a lot of useful advice ________ teenagers.
A．with B．for C．to D．on
考点五 nervous 用法
nervous adj. 紧张的、焦虑的
相关词汇拓展：
nervously adv. 紧张地
nervousness n. 紧张
短语搭配：
be nervous about sth. 对某事感到紧张
eg：She's nervous about her job interview. 她对面试感到紧张。
Consumers are very nervous about the future. 消费者对未来非常忧虑。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·福建·中考真题）—To tell the truth, I am now feeling very ________.
—Take it easy. You’ll make it.
A．peaceful B．nervous C．confident
考点六 proper 用法
proper adj. 适当的，正确的
相关词汇拓展：
properly adv. 适当地
eg：It's important to use proper grammar when writing. 写作时使用正确的语法很重要。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）It’s such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress ________.
A．careful B．carefully C．proper D．properly
2．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Parents should teach their children to behave ________ in public.
A．properly B．clearly C．importantly D．widely
考点七 crazy 用法
crazy adj. 疯狂的，着迷的
相关词汇拓展：
crazily adv. 疯狂地
craziness n. 疯狂
短语搭配：
be crazy about sth. 对某物着迷
eg：She's crazy about dancing. 她对跳舞着迷。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—What do you think of the cute toy “Happy Loong (龙)”
—I like it very much. Many teenagers are ________ about it.
A．sorry B．worried C．crazy
考点八 compete用法
compete v. 竞争；对抗
相关词汇拓展：
competition n. 竞争，比赛
competitive adj.，有竞争力的
competition n. 比赛；竞争
短语搭配：
compete with sb. 与某人竞争
compete for 为……竞争
eg ：They are competing for the first prize. 他们正在争夺一等奖。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北荆州·中考真题）—Hangzhou will hold the 19th Asian Games from September 23 to October 8, 2023.
—Right. Players will _______ in forty sports, such as swimming, table tennis and volleyball.
A．compete B．believe C．imagine D．advise
考点九 depend on用法
depend on 依靠；信赖；由……决定；取决于
拓展：动词+on的短语
turn on 打开
get on上车
insist on坚持
come on快点
put on 穿上；戴上
eg：Whether we go or not depends on the weather. 我们去不去取决于天气。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·吉林长春·一模）Many students _______ their parents too much. They should learn to look after themselves.
A．put on B．get on C．depend on D．turn on
2．（2023·河北衡水·二模）A writer doesn’t ________ his or her talent but on hard work.
A．depend on B．try on C．work on D．put on
考点十 work out用法
work out 解决，制定，拟定；算出
短语搭配：
work out a problem解决问题
work out at the gym 在健身房锻炼
e.g：I need to work out this math problem. 我需要解决这个数学问题。
Each year, the company will work out a list of the world's most crowded cities.每年，该公司都会列出世界上最拥挤的城市名单。
Do you know how to work out the difficult math problem 你知道如何解决这道数学难题吗？
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·云南·中考真题）The students worked in groups to ________ the difficult problem in the math class.
A．work out B．turn down C．cut off D．worry about
2．（2023·安徽·中考真题）Our team ________ what to do about the project and successfully completed it on time.
A．gave up B．worked out C．turned down D．took away
考点十一 communication 用法
communication n. 交流，沟通
相关词汇拓展：
communicate v. 交流
communicative adj. 善于交流的
短语搭配：
effective communication 有效沟通
eg：Good communication is key to a successful relationship. 良好的沟通是成功关系的关键。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·四川凉山·中考真题）All in all, ________ with friends is the best medicine for your mental health (心理健康). Hope my advice can help you.
A．communication B．information C．instruction
考点十二 gets on with 用法
gets on with 与…相处，继续进行
短语搭配：
get on well with sb.（与某人相处融洽）
eg：He gets on well with his classmates. 他和同学们相处融洽。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·天津红桥·一模）Wang Hui is a popular monitor. He ___________ his classmates and teachers.
A．gets on well with B．takes part in C．gets into trouble with D．keeps clear of
2．（2023·天津·中考真题）Lisa is a popular monitor. She ________ her classmates and teachers.
A．takes part in B．gets on well with
C．gets into trouble with D．keeps clear of
3．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Human beings should ________ the nature.
A．deal with B．come up with
C．catch up with D．get along well with
考点十三 cause用法
cause v. 引起，造成；n. 原因，起因
短语搭配：
cause trouble 引起麻烦
the cause of the accident 事故的原因
eg：His carelessness caused the accident. 他的粗心大意导致了事故。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·山东东营·一模）—I often feel stressed out recently. What should I do
—If you want to work out the problem of stress successfully, you need to find out the ______ first.
A．suggestion B．thought C．cause D．method
考点十四 as soon as用法
as soon as一…就…
短语搭配：
as soon as possible 尽快
eg：I'll call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Please give the Chinese book to Linda.
—OK. ________ I see her, I will give it to her.
A．As soon as B．Unless C．Before
2．（2023·福建厦门·二模）—When will you go to the grandma’s
—I’ll see her ______ I get off the plane.I really miss her.
A．as long as B．as soon as C．as well as
考点十五 compare用法
compare v. 比较
相关词汇拓展：
comparable adj. 可比较的
comparison n.比较
短语搭配：
compare A with/to B 把A和B作比较
eg：Compare this phone with that one, and you'll see which is better. 把这部手机和那部比较一下，你就会知道哪个更好了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江西赣州·一模）Don’t always ________ yourself with others. You can be anything you want to be.
A．share B．discuss C．connect D．compare
考点十六 cut out用法
cut out 剪下，戒掉
短语搭配：
cut out a picture 剪下一张图片
cut out smoking 戒烟
eg：I cut out this article from the newspaper. 我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·山东东营·一模）—What should we do first if we find a fire in the room
—We should _________ the electricity and leave the house at once.
A．put off B．cut out C．leave out D．shut off
考点十七 return用法
return v. 返回，归还； n. 返回，归还物
eg：He will return from his trip next week. 他下周旅行回来。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·天津·中考真题）We _________ the books to the library after we read them.
A．returned B．pointed C．waved D．caught
考点十八 throw away用法
throw away 扔掉，浪费
短语搭配：
throw away trash 扔垃圾
eg：Don't throw away that old photo; it has sentimental value. 别扔掉那张老照片，它有纪念意义。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）Don’t ________ rubbish everywhere. It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
A．put away B．take away C．throw away
考点十九 look through用法
look through 浏览，快速查看
短语搭配：
look through a book 浏览一本书
eg：I looked through the report before the meeting. 会议前我浏览了一下报告。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）Ann is ________ her notes for her English exam now.
A．paying for B．giving away C．looking through D．putting up
考点二十 fair用法
fair adj. 公平的
相关词汇拓展：
fairly adv. 相当地
fairness n. 公平性
短语搭配：
a fair deal 公平的交易
eg：It's important to be fair to everyone. 对每个人公平是很重要的。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽·三模）—It is not _________ to always ask the same person to do the work in a team.
—I agree. We should share the work.
A．strict B．wrong C．special D．fair
考点二十一 drop by用法
drop by 顺便拜访
短语搭配：
drop by someone's house 顺便拜访某人的家
eg：I'll drop by your office later to discuss the project. 我一会儿顺便去你办公室讨论一下这个项目。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·二模）Next time you are in Melbourne, Australia, make sure to drop ________ this candy store.
A．to B．off C．by
语法点
一、情态动词could表示礼貌的请求与许可。
1. 礼貌的向别人发出请求与许可时通常用Could you ...？句型
询问别人自己能否做某事时Could I... 句型
情态动词could也可以换成can，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。
e.g. Could you help me find my book, please 你能帮我找到我的书吗？
2. 对Could you / I... 的问句做出肯定回答，常用“Sure/Certainly/Of course.”等；如果做否定回答，常用“Sorry.../ Oh, please don’t.”一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。
e.g. --Could you give me a bottle of orange juice, please 你能给我一瓶橙汁吗？
--Sure. Here you are.当然。给你。
-- Could you carry the box for me 你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？
-- Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy now.对不起，我不能。我现在很忙。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·陕西西安·二模）—_________ I borrow your dictionary I left mine at home.
—Sorry, I’m afraid you _________ because I’m using it.
A．Could; can B．Could; can’t C．Must; can D．Must; can’t
2．（2024·河北唐山·三模）—________ you give me a hand I can’t move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A．Must B．Need C．Should D．Could
3．（2024·云南昆明·一模）—________ you give me a hand I can’t move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Might
二、 Why don’t you … 用法
（1）Why don’t you do sth. 是常见的提建议的句型，意为“你为什么不做某事呢？”，与Why not do sth同义。
e.g. ---Why don’t you talk to your parents 你为什么不和你父母谈谈？
---Good idea! 好主意！
--- Why don’t you tell him to do something quiet 你为什么不告诉他安静点？
---That sounds good.听起来不错。
该句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。
e.g. ---Why not go to the movies with us 为什么不和我们一起去看电影呢？
---I’d like to,but I have to study for the text.我很想去，但我得为课文学习。
( 2 )常用答语
肯定回答 Good idea! / That’s a good idea! / All right. / Great. / Yes. Please./ I’d love to. No problem./ Sounds good/ great./ I agree with you.
否定回答 I don’t think so. I’d love to, but I have to... That sounds boring I am afraid not. Sorry, I can’t./ Sorry, but...
【拓展】其他提建议的句型
1.What/How about…… “……怎么样/好吗？”
e.g. --What/How about watching TV 看电视怎么样？
---Sounds boring.听起来很无聊。
2.Would you like sth. “你想要某物吗？”
e.g. --- Would you like some apples 你想要一些苹果吗？
---Yes,please./No,thanks.好的，请/不用了，谢谢。
3.Let’s do sth.“咱们做某事吧”
e.g. --- Let’s sing a song!让我们唱首歌吧！
---OK./All right./Good idea./Sounds great./Why not 好的/好的/好主意/听起来很棒/为什么不呢？
4.You should (not) do sth. “你（不）应当做某事”
e.g. You should go to the doctor. 你应该去看医生。
5.You’d better (not) do sth.“你最好（不）做某事”
e.g. You’d better call her at once. 你最好马上给她打电话。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·广西·三模）—Why don’t you go fishing with us this afternoon
—________ It is sunny today and we can relax.
A．Well done! B．No way. C．Good idea!
2．（2024·广西·二模）—Why not go out for a walk with me
—________.
A．You are right B．Great idea C．Yes, please
3．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）—Why don’t you talk to your parents
—________.
A．I want not to talk to them B．Thank you C．Sounds good D．It doesn’t matter
三、连词until、so that 与although引导的状语从句
( 1 ) not... until...的用法
until意为“直到......”。单独使用时，until和till通常可以互换使用，但要注意的是till一般只用于句中，而until即可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。
e.g. The noise of the street didn’t stop until midnight.街上的喧闹声直到午夜才停止。
He lived with his parents until/ till he graduated from college.他和父母住在一起，直到大学毕业。
【注意】当主句的动词为非延续性动词时，要用not...until...结构；当主句的动词为延续性动词时，可用till或until。
( 2 ) so that引导的目的或结果状语从句
①so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句时，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。
e.g. He took a car so that he could get there earlier.他乘坐了一辆车以便能早点到那里。
②so that意为“以致于；结果”，引导结果状语从句，陈述的是客观事实，常常不带情态动词。
e.g. I studied English hard so that I passed the English exam.我努力学习英语，所以通过了英语考试。
( 3 ) although conj.虽然
①做连词时，although和though通常可以相互转换。
e.g. Although/ though she smiled, she was angry.虽然她笑了，但她很生气。
②although常放在从句的开头，当用连接词语或短语时，though更为常用且位置灵活，不仅局限在开头。
e.g. Wiser though poorer尽管穷一些但更有头脑
③以下情况只用though。
a.与even连用时用though表示强调，这里的even though = even if，意为“即使......也......”。
b.当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时，通常用though，而不用although。
e.g. Thoughall the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.就算全世界都反对我，我还是坚持我的观点。
c.Though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为“还是，仍然，可是，然而”.
e.g. It’s hard wor. I enjoy it, though.这工作很辛苦。不过，我很喜欢。
④though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，而although引导的让步状语从句则不能。
e.g. Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning.尽管他们勇敢地战斗，但他们没有获胜的机会。
注意：although和though在句中不能与but连用，但可与副词yet连用。即句中用了although或though就不能再使用but了。
e.g. Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. 尽管天气很冷，他还是没穿大衣就出去了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Tom didn’t go to bed ________ his mother came back last night.
A．until B．if C．because D．unless
2．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）You will never truly understand your parents’ great love ______ you grow up.
A．until B．if C．since D．as
3．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）Our teacher asks us to read newspapers every day ________ we can find out what’s going on around the world.
A．so that B．even though C．in order to D．as soon as
4．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Let’s take the simple steps today ________ we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow.
A．unless B．until C．so that D．though
5．（2024·吉林长春·二模）People usually read the articles in newspapers very carefully ________ they can know what is going on around the world.
A．so that B．even if C．because of D．in order to
6．（2024·北京西城·三模）________ Su Yiming is only 18 years old, he is already a highly successful sportsman.
A．If B．Until C．Because D．Although
7．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）______ he is a foreigner, he is interested in Chinese culture and delicious food.
A．Although B．Since C．Because D．Unless
8．（2023·新疆·中考真题）________ the times keep changing, young people in China have shown the same promise.
A．But B．Unless C．Although D．As soon as

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