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第18讲 九年级 Units5--6
重 点 单 词 blouse n. 短上衣；衬衫 chopstick n. 筷子 coin n. 硬币 steel n. 钢；钢铁 fair n. 展览会；交易会 grass n. 草；草地 silver n. 银；银器 adj. 银色的 glass n. 玻璃 cotton n. 棉；棉花 leaf n. 叶；叶子 material n. 材料；原料 traffic n. 交通；路上行驶的车辆 postman n. 邮递员 cap n. 帽子 glove n. 手套 process v. 加工；处理 n. 过程 product n. 产品；制品 heat n. 热；高温 v. 加热；变热 style n. 样式；款式 project n. 项目；工程 pleasure n. 高兴；愉快 website n. 网站 pioneer n. 先锋；先驱 list v. 列表；列清单 n. 名单；清单 ruler n. 统治者；支配者 France n. 法国 handbag n. 小手提包 boss n. 老板；上司 Germany n. 德国 surface n. 表面；表层 form n. 形式；类型 balloon n. 气球 scissors n. 剪刀 smell n. 气味 v. 发出……气味；闻到 instrument n. 器械；仪器；工具 customer n. 顾客；客户 basket n. 篮；筐 Canadian adj. 加拿大的；加拿大人的 n. 加拿大人 hero n. 英雄；男主角 produce v. 生产；制造；出产 avoid v. 避免；回避 complete v. 完成 trade n. 贸易；交易 v. 做买卖；从事贸易 doubt n. 疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑 fridge n. 冰箱 somebody pron. 某人 n. 重要人物 lock v. 锁上；锁住 n. 锁 earthquake n. 地震 bell n. 钟 声 ；铃 声 biscuit n. 饼干 cookie n. 曲奇饼 mention v. 提到；说到 musical adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的 nearly adv. 几乎；差不多 sudden adj. 突然 的 widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地 mobile adj. 可移动的；非固定的 everyday adj. 每天的；日常的 international adj. 国际的 boil v. 煮沸；烧开 remain v. 保持不变；剩余 translate v. 翻译 divide v. 分开；分散 local adj. 当地的；本地的 sour adj. 酸的；有酸味的 lively adj. 生气勃勃的； 色彩 鲜艳的 daily adj. 每日的；日常的 national adj. 国家的；民族的 low adj. 低的；矮的
词 汇 拓 展 glass n.玻璃→glasses (复数)眼镜 leaf n.树叶→leaves (复数) produce v.生产；制造→product (n.)产品 widely adv.广泛地；普遍地→wide (adj.)宽广的 France n.法国→French (adj.& n.)法国的；法语；法国人 boss n.老板→bosses (复数) Germany n.德国→German (adj.& n.)德国的；德语的；德国人→Germans (复数)德国人 postman n.邮递员→postmen (复数) its pron.它的→itself (反身代词)它自己 pleasure n.高兴；愉快→pleased (adj.)感到高兴的→pleasant (adj.)令人感到愉快的 sudden adj.突然的→suddenly (adv.)突然地 Canadian adj.& n.加拿大的；加拿大人的；加拿大人→Canada (n.)加拿大 hero n.英雄→heroes (复数) national adj.国家的；民族的→nation (n.)国家 customer n.顾客；客户→custom (n.)习俗
重 点 短 语 以……闻名；为人知晓be known for/be famous for 被广泛应用be widely used 剪纸paper cutting 由……制成(成品看得出原材料)be made of 由……制成(成品看不出原材料)be made from 产于；产地是be made in 由……制造/生产be made by 避免做某事avoid doing sth. 由……覆盖be covered with 升入空中rise into the air 不论；无论no matter 日常生活everyday/daily life 突然；猛地all of a sudden 有道理have a point 发生；出现take place 据说It's said that 错误地；无意中by mistake 不但……而且……not only…but also… 毫无疑问；的确without doubt 发出；放出send out 将……变成turn …into 一个中国统治者a Chinese ruler 人们普遍认为It's believed that 众所周知It's known that 它提到It mentioned that 把……分开divide…into 钦佩；仰慕look up to 落入水中fall into the water 烧饮用水boil drinking water 偶然；意外地by accident
重 点 句 型 —When was the zipper invented？拉链是什么时候发明的？ —It was invented in 1893.它是1893年发明的。 —When was tea brought to Korea？茶是什么时候被带到韩国的？ —It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.它是在6世纪,7世纪期间被传到韩国的。 —What is the hot ice cream scoop used for？这个热的冰激凌勺子是用来做什么的？ —It is used for serving really cold ice cream.它是用来为特别冷的冰激凌服务的。 —Who was it invented by？这是谁发明的？ —It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.它是惠特科姆·贾德森发明的。 It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.似乎全世界许多人都喝中国茶。 No matter what you may buy,you might think those products were made in those countries.无论你可能买什么,你或许会认为那些产品就产自于那些国家。 It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说有一位叫做神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。 In England,tea didn't appear until around 1660.在英国,茶直到1660年左右才出现。 These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些球星鼓励年轻人通过努力工作来实现他们的梦想。 He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.他发现有趣的是,在当地商店里许多产品都产自中国。 Kang Jian thinks it's great that China is so good at making these everyday things.康健认为中国擅于制造这些日常用品是很棒的。 They need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.他们必须去阻止竞争对手把球投进他们自己的球篮里。 He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble.当遇到麻烦时,他就放它们出去求救。 These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty.这些黏土小艺术品展现了中国人民对生活和美的热爱。
知识点
考点一 辨析be made of与be made from
【教材原句】What is it made of/from 它是由什么制成的？
辨析
be made of 由……制成（成品能看出原材料）
be made from 由……制成（成品看不出原材料）
“be made”相关的短语图示：
成品+ be made by + 制造者（被动语态）
成品+ be made in +产地
材料+be made into+成品 制成...
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏无锡）This T-shirt __________ (make) of silk and it feels very smooth.
【答案】is made
【详解】句意：这件T恤是丝绸做的，摸起来很光滑。make“制作”，动词。be made of “由……制成”，固定短语。本句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故用be动词is。故填is made。
2．（2023·潍坊）中国制造的电动汽车已经进入了欧洲市场。 (electric, enter) （汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】Electric cars made in China have already entered the European market.
【详解】electric cars“电动汽车”；made in China“中国制造的”，作定语；enter“进入”；the European market“欧洲市场”；already“已经”，此句是现在完成时，主语是复数形式，助动词用have，故填Electric cars made in China have already entered the European market.
3．（2023·西藏·中考真题）New energy（能源） cars （make） in China every year.
【答案】are made
【详解】句意：中国每年都制造新能源汽车。分析题干可知，主语cars和谓语动词make是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，其结构为be done；根据every year可知原句应为一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are made。
考点二 “It is said that...” 句型
【教材原句】It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 据说有一位叫神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。
“It is said that...”意为“据说……”，属于“It + is/was+ 过去分词+that从句”句型，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
“It + is/was + 过去分词 + that从句”句型的其他示例：
It is/was believed that…据说
It is/was reported that…据报道…
It is/was known that…众所周知…
It is/was thought that…人们认为…
◆ 精题巧练
1.（2023·荆州）据说，谷雨时节喝茶可以让人们远离疾病。(say)
_________ drinking tea during Grain Rain can make people stay away from illnesses.
【答案】It is said that
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处应填“据说”，其英文表达为it is said that。故填It is said that。
考点三 doubt的用法
【教材原句】Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. 虽然现在很多人都知道茶文化，但毫无疑问，中国人是最了解茶的本质的人。
doubt n. 疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑
短语搭配：
no doubt“无疑地；很可能”,常用于句首
without doubt“毫无疑问”, 也可写作without a doubt
doubt在肯定句中, 其后常接whether或if引导的宾语从句；在否定句或疑问句中,其后常接 that引导的宾语从句
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·滨州）毫无疑问，中国非常擅长修建桥梁和铁路。(be good at)
________________________________________________________________
【答案】Without doubt, China is good at building bridges and railways.
【详解】毫无疑问：without doubt；擅长做某事：be good at doing sth.，句子用一般现在时，主语是China，be动词用is；修建桥梁和铁路：build bridges and railways。故填Without doubt, China is good at building bridges and railways.
2．（2023·安徽滁州·二模）—Sally won the first place in the singing competition yesterday.
—Good news! ________, she’s the best singer in our school.
A．For example B．Without doubt C．To start with D．As a result
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——萨莉在昨天的歌唱比赛中获得了第一名。 ——好消息！毫无疑问，她是我们学校最好的歌手。
考查短语。For example例如；Without doubt毫无疑问；To start with首先；As a result结果。根据“she’s the best singer in our school.”及结合上文语境，可知此处表达的是“毫无疑问”，因此B选项符合题意。 故选B。
考点四 not only...but also...的用法
【教材原句】Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch. 篮球不仅成为一项人们喜欢玩的运动，而且还成为一项受欢迎的观赏运动。
not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”
also可省略。用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语等，很多情况下相当于both...and...。
【注意】 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数和靠近它的主语保持一致。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北孝感·三模）Outdoor activities can ________ make kids stronger ________ help them get more knowledge.
A．either…or B．not only…but also C．neither…nor D．not…but
【答案】B
【详解】句意：户外活动不仅能让孩子们变得更强壮，还能帮助他们获得更多的知识。
考查连词辨析。either…or要么……要么……；not only…but also不仅……而且……；neither…nor既不……也不……；not…but不是……但是……。根据“Outdoor activities can…make kids stronger…help them get more knowledge.”可知，此处指的是“不仅能让孩子们变得更强壮，还能帮助他们获得更多的知识”。故选B。
2．（2023·江苏宿迁·三模）________ my mum ________ my dad has gone to work. I am left alone at home.
A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Not only; but also D．Both; and
【答案】C
【详解】句意：不仅我的妈妈，而且我的爸爸也去上班了。我一个人留在家里。
考查连词辨析。Either……or要么……要么……；Neither…nor既不……也不……；Not only…but also不仅……而且……；Both…and两者都。根据“I am left alone at home.”可知，父母都去工作了。排除A、B项。根据“has”可知，Not only…but also符合题意，其谓语动词与靠近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。故选C。
3．（2023·甘肃陇南·一模）Not only my parents but also I ________ interested in the CCTV show Cheers Science.
A．am B．is C．are D．were
【答案】A
【详解】句意：不仅是我的父母，我对央视节目《加油！向未来》也很感兴趣。
考查主谓一致。not only... but also...“不但……而且……”，遵循就近原则，所以空处应和主语I保持一致，be动词用am。故选A。
4．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）— Could you tell me something about Yuan Longping
— Yes, he’s called the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He helped to save ________ China ________ the world from hunger.
A．neither; nor B．either; or C．not only; but also
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我一些关于袁隆平的事情吗？——是的，他被称为“杂交水稻之父”。他不仅帮助拯救了中国，也帮助拯救了世界免于饥饿。
考查连词辨析。neither...nor既不……也不；either...or或者……或者；not only...but also不但……而且。根据“helped to save...China...the world from hunger”可知是帮助中国和世界免于饥饿，用not only...but also连接。故选C。
5．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）To get a bright future, we teenagers should _________ study hard _________ keep in good health.
A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．not; but
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了有一个光明的未来，我们青少年不仅应该努力学习，而且要保持健康。
考查连词词义辨析。either...or或者……或者……；neither...nor...既不……也不……；not only...but also...不但……而且……；not...but...不是……而是……。由句中“To get a bright future”可知，此句是说不仅要努力学习，而且要保持健康，故选C。
考点五 product的用法
product n. 产品，产物
相关词形变换：
production n. 生产，制作
productive adj. 多产的，富有成效的
短语搭配：
a new product 新产品
the final product 最终产品
eg：This is our latest product. 这是我们的最新产品。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·吉林长春·一模）China is good at making high-technology __________ that people can buy everywhere.
A．projects B．products C．subjects D．methods
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国擅长制造高科技产品，人们可以在任何地方买到。
考查名词辨析。projects项目；products产品；subjects科目；methods方法。根据“that people can buy everywhere”可知人们可以在任何地方买到的是产品。故选B。
2．（2023·湖北十堰·中考真题）—The air in our city becomes fresher and fresher.
—I think so. To cut down air pollution, many factories ________ new energy cars.
A．produce B．throw C．cancel D．divide
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我们城市的空气变得越来越新鲜。——我想是的。为了减少空气污染，许多工厂生产新能源汽车。
考查动词辨析。produce生产；throw扔；cancel取消；divide分开。根据“To cut down air pollution, many factories … new energy cars.”可知，为了减少空气污染而生产了新能源汽车，故选A。
3．（2023·江苏无锡·一模） (produce) food which no one eats wastes the water, fuel（燃料）and other resources used to grow it.
【答案】Producing
【详解】句意：生产没有人吃的食物浪费水、燃料和其他被用来种它的资源。此处考查动名词作主语。produce“生产”，其动名词形式为producing。故填producing。
4．（2023·内蒙古包头·三模）China is good at making high-technology (produce) that people can buy everywhere.
【答案】products
【详解】句意：中国擅长制作人们到处都可以买到的高科技的产品。此处应填名词作宾语，produce的名词product“产品”符合语境，且应用复数形式。故填products。
考点六 pleasure的用法
pleasure n. 快乐，愉快
相关词形变换：
pleasurable adj. 令人愉快的
pleasing adj. 令人满意的
短语搭配：
with pleasure 愉快地
for pleasure 为了娱乐
eg：It's a pleasure to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽·三模）—What do you think of Sophia and her work performance
—I think she is really able and friendly. It is a great ________ to work with her.
A．courage B．pleasure C．treasure D．worth
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你觉得Sophia和她的工作表现怎么样？——我认为她真的很能干而且很友好。很高兴能和她一起工作。
考查名词辨析。courage勇气；pleasure高兴；treasure财富；worth值得。根据“I think she is really able and friendly”可知她很友好，所以很高兴能和她一起工作，故选B。
2．（2023·安徽合肥·三模）—The weather in Kunming is so ________ all the year round that people enjoy the lives there.
—Sure. It’s famous as “Spring City” in China.
A．pleasant B．helpful C．caring D．relaxed
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——昆明的天气一年四季都很宜人，人们喜欢那里的生活。——当然。它在中国被称为“春城”。
考查形容词辨析。pleasant令人愉悦的，宜人的；helpful有帮助的；caring体贴的；relaxed感到放松的。根据“people enjoy the lives there”及“It’s famous as ‘Spring City’ in China.”可知，被称为“春城”说明天气很宜人，所以人们喜欢那里的生活，故选A。
3．（2023·内蒙古包头·二模）—Are you in Paris on business or for (please)
—I’m on my vacation.
【答案】pleasure
【详解】句意：——你在巴黎是出差还是游玩？——我在度假。please“使满意”，是动词，此处应填名词，pleasure“休闲，娱乐，消遣”符合语境， 故填pleasure。
4．（2023·黑龙江·一模）It’s a great (please) to talk with old friends on WeChat.
【答案】pleasure
【详解】句意：在微信上和老朋友聊天是很高兴的事情。形容词great修饰名词，please是动词“使……高兴”，其名词形式为pleasure“快乐，令人高兴的事情”，a后面用单数形式。故填pleasure。
5．（2024·安徽亳州·二模）Chinese always have dinner together on New Year’s Eve and it gives us a lot of ________.
A．time B．pleasure C．spirit D．courage
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国人总是在除夕夜一起吃饭，它给了我们很多快乐。
考查名词辨析。time时间；pleasure快乐；spirit精神；courage勇气。根据“Chinese always have dinner together on New Year’s Eve”可知除夕夜一起吃饭给我们很多快乐，故选B。
6．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Thank you for lending me your umbrella yesterday.
—_________.
A．Take it easy B．Well done
C．It’s up to you D．My pleasure
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——谢谢你昨天把伞借给我。——我很乐意这样做。
考查情景交际。Take it easy别紧张；Well done做得好；It’s up to you由你决定；My pleasure我很乐意这样做。上文“Thank you for…”表示感谢，下文回应“我很乐意帮忙”符合语境。故选D。
考点七 look up to的用法
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
短语搭配：
look up to sb.尊敬某人
eg：I really look up to my teacher for her dedication to teaching.我真的很尊敬我的老师，因为她对教学的奉献。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·二模）We should let children ________ national heroes. Let them have a right attitude.
A．look up to B．leave out C．kick off
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们应该让孩子们尊敬民族英雄。让他们有一个正确的态度。
考查动词辨析。look up to尊敬；leave out遗漏；kick off（事件、比赛或讨论等）开始。根据“national heroes.”可知要尊敬民族英雄。故选A。
考点八 lively的用法
lively adj. 活泼的，生动的
相关词形变换：
liveliness n. 活泼，生动
lively adv. 活泼地，生动地
短语搭配：
a lively child 一个活泼的孩子
a lively discussion 一场生动的讨论
eg：The class was very lively today. 今天的课堂非常活跃。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·吉林长春·三模）Miss Wang always has a lot of ways to make her class _________ and interesting.
A．lovely B．alive C．loving D．lively
【答案】D
【详解】句意：王老师总是有很多办法使她的课生动有趣。
考查形容词。lovely可爱的；alive活着的；loving充满爱的；lively生动的。根据空格前“her class”可知，此处是指课堂生动有趣，故选D。
考点九 complete的用法
complete adj. 完整的，完全的 v. 完成
相关词形变换：
completely adv. 完全地
completion n. 完成，结束
eg：I have completed my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·福建厦门·二模）Peter, our monitor, is talented and energetic enough to ________ the task successfully.
A．complete B．collect C．consider
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们的班长Peter才华横溢，精力充沛，足以成功地完成任务。
考查动词辨析。complete完成；collect收集；consider考虑。根据“is talented and energetic enough ”可知，他的天赋精力是足够的，complete the task“完成任务”是他能力所及，符合语境。故选A。
2．（2023·山东青岛·一模）It is (complete) successful for us to achieve our goal in our life.
【答案】completely
【详解】句意：对我们来说，实现我们的人生目标是完全成功的。句中“successful”为形容词，应用副词修饰，形容词complete的副词形式为completely，意为“完全地”，故填completely。
考点十 competitor的用法
competitor n. 竞争者，对手
相关词形变换：
competitive adj. 竞争性的
competition n. 竞争
短语搭配：
a tough competitor 强劲的竞争者
face a competitor 面对竞争者
eg：He is one of my main competitors in the race. 他是我在比赛中的主要竞争对手之一。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·内蒙古包头·三模）The never dreamed of having a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race. (compete)
【答案】competitor
【详解】句意：这位选手做梦也想不到自己有机会在100米比赛中获得第一名。根据题目可知，此处缺乏主语，应将动词compete“竞争”，转变为名词competitor“竞争者”作为主语。故填competitor。
考点十一 widely的用法
widely adv. 广泛地
相关词形变换：
wide adj. 广泛的
widen v. 使变宽
短语搭配：
widely known 众所周知的
travel widely 广泛旅行
eg：His work is widely recognized. 他的工作得到了广泛的认可。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏扬州·一模）After the 2022 Spring Festival Gala, a dance drama Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting became known in China. (wide)
【答案】widely
【详解】句意：在2022年春节晚会后，一个舞蹈剧《诗舞：只此青绿》在中国广为人知。分析句子可知横线上缺的是副词修饰形容词“known”，所以应将“wide”变为widely。故填widely。
2．（2023·四川凉山·中考真题）These days, Zibo is (wide) known for its barbecue (烧烤).
【答案】widely
【详解】句意：这些天，淄博以其烧烤闻名。wide是形容词，此处修饰形容词应用副词，故填widely。
3．（2024·安徽亳州·一模）Today people ______ speak Chinese around the world, so that many like China very much.
A．hardly B．politely C．widely D．luckily
【答案】C
【详解】句意：如今，世界各地的人们广泛使用汉语，以至许多人非常喜欢中国。
考查副词词义辨析。hardly几乎不；politely礼貌地；widely广泛地；luckily幸运地。根据“so that many like China very much”可知，世界各地的人们广泛地说汉语。故选C。
4．（2023·福建泉州·二模）—During COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccine (疫苗) is ________ taken throughout our country.
—You’re right. Our government made great effort to do that.
A．hardly B．simply C．widely
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——在新冠肺炎大流行期间，该疫苗在我国各地广泛接种。——你说得对。我们的政府为此付出了巨大的努力。
考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；simply仅仅；widely广泛地。根据“the vaccine is taken throughout our country”可知，疫苗在我国各地广泛接种。故选C。
5．（2023·福建泉州·二模）—During COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccine (疫苗) is ________ taken throughout our country.
—You’re right. Our government made great effort to do that.
A．hardly B．simply C．widely
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——在新冠肺炎大流行期间，该疫苗在我国各地广泛接种。——你说得对。我们的政府为此付出了巨大的努力。
考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；simply仅仅；widely广泛地。根据“the vaccine is taken throughout our country”可知，疫苗在我国各地广泛接种。故选C。
6．（2023·江苏镇江·一模）The Three- Body Problem is one of the most ________ known Chinese science fiction novels.
A．closely B．correctly C．widely D．wisely
【答案】C
【详解】句意：《三体》是最广泛熟知的中国科幻小说之一。
考查副词辨析。closely“紧密地”；correctly“正确地”；widely“广泛地”；wisely“明智地”。根据“The Three- Body Problem is one of the most...known”可知，此处应是指最广为人知的，widely符合语境。 故选C。
考点十二 heat的用法
heat n. 热，热量 v. 加热
相关词形变换：
heated adj. 加热的
heater n. 加热器
短语搭配：
heat sth. up 把某物加热
eg：The heat was unbearable. 酷热难耐。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）When the sunshine falls on the Earth, it will be turned into (hot) and energy.
【答案】heat
【详解】句意：当阳光落在地球上时，它会变成热量和能量。根据energy可知，此空与其是并列关系，所以此空应填名词heat“热量”，故填heat。
2．（2024·四川成都·一模）“No day off on New Year’s Eve” sparks ________ discussions as China announces 2024 public holiday schedule.
A．haunted B．uncrowded C．heated
【答案】C
【详解】句意：随着中国宣布2024年公共假期，“除夕不放假”引发了热议。
考查形容词辨析。haunted闹鬼的；uncrowded不拥挤的；heated激烈的。根据“sparks”和语境可知，此处是指这个话题的热议，应用heated，故选C。
考点十三 nearly的用法
nearly adv. 几乎，差不多
eg：I'm nearly done with my homework.我的作业快做完了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·福建福州·三模）I ________ missed my train yesterday, I got to the railway station just on time.
A．nearly B．unluckily C．finally
【答案】A
【详解】句意：昨天我差点没赶上火车，但我刚好准时到达火车站。
考查副词辨析。nearly几乎；unluckily不幸地；finally最终。根据“I...missed my train yesterday, I got to the railway station just on time.”可知，差点没赶上，故选A。
2．（2024·福建三明·一模）—Congratulations! Your team won the game at last.
—Thank you! We ________ lost it, but we tried our best until the end.
A．actually B．hardly C．nearly
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——祝贺！你们队最终赢得了比赛。——谢谢！我们差点就输了，但我们尽了最大的努力，直到最后。
考查副词辨析。actually实际上；hardly几乎不；nearly几乎，差不多。根据“Congratulations! Your team won the game at last.”可知，最后还是赢得了比赛，所以是差点输了。故选C。
考点十四 smell的用法
smell v. 闻，嗅 n. 气味
相关词形变换：
smelling n. 嗅觉
短语搭配：
smell sth. 闻到某物的气味
a nice smell 好闻的气味
eg：I can smell the flowers from here. 我在这里就能闻到花的香味。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·河北保定·三模）These flowers so sweet. I want to buy one.
A．feel B．taste C．smell D．sound
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这些花闻起来很香。我想买一支。
考查动词辨析。feel感觉；taste品尝；smell闻；sound听起来。根据“sweet”及“flowers”，可知花儿应该是闻起来香，因此用smell。故选C。
2．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）—Dad, what are you cooking It ________ so good.
—The main dish for our dinner. You will like it.
A．gets B．smells C．sounds D．tastes
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——爸爸，你在做什么？闻起来真香。——我们晚餐的主菜。你会喜欢的。
考查动词辨析。get变得；smell闻起来；sound听起来；taste尝起来。根据“Dad, what are you cooking It...so good.”结合语境可知，因为闻起来很香，所以问爸爸在做什么，故选B。
3．（2023·山东东营·中考真题）Scientists found that dogs may know human’s feelings by ________ our breath and sweat (汗).
A．tasting B．smelling C．touching D．watching
【答案】B
【详解】句意：科学家发现，狗狗可能通过闻我们的呼吸和汗水来了解人类的感受。
考查动词辨析。tasting品尝；smelling闻；touching触摸；watching观看。根据“know human’s feelings by ... our breath and sweat”可推出是通过闻人类的呼吸和汗水来了解人类的感受。故选B。
考点十五 by accident的用法
by accident 偶然地，意外地
短语搭配：
meet sb. by accident 偶然遇见某人
happen by accident 偶然发生
eg：I met an old friend by accident in the street. 我在街上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·重庆大渡口·一模）It is known that tea, a very popular drink, was invented ________.
A．by accident B．without doubt C．in public D．in person
【答案】A
【详解】句意：众所周知，茶，一种非常受欢迎的饮料，是偶然被发明出来的。
考查介词短语。by accident偶然，意外地；without doubt毫无疑问；in public公开地；in person亲自。根据“tea, a very popular drink, was invented”可知，茶是被偶然发明出来的。故选A。
考点十六 by mistake的用法
by mistake 错误地，由于差错
短语搭配：
do sth. by mistake 错误地做某事
eg：I took his book by mistake.我错拿了他的书。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·四川成都·一模）—Mary, have you seen my telephone
—Oh, sorry. I took yours ________.
A．by mistake B．by letter C．by law
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——玛丽，你看见我的手机了吗？——噢，抱歉。我错拿成了你的了。
考查介词短语辨析。by mistake错误地； by letter通过信件；by law通过法律。根据“Oh, sorry.”可知，应该是拿错手机了。故选A。
考点十七 mention的用法
mention v. 提到，提及
相关词汇：
mentionable adj. 可提及的
unmentionable adj. 不可提及的
短语搭配：
mention sth. to sb. 向某人提及某事
eg：Did you mention this to your teacher 你跟你老师提过这件事吗？
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—What did Anna say in the text message Does ________ go well at the new school
—I have no idea. She didn’t ________ anything about her school life.
A．everything; mention B．anything; discover
C．something; connect D．something; confirm
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——安娜在短信里说了什么？新学校一切顺利吗？——我不知道。她对自己的学校生活只字未提。
考查词义辨析。everything一切；anything任何事情；something某事；mention提到；discover发现；connect连接；confirm证实。根据“What did Anna say in the text message Does…go well at the new school ”的句意并结合选项可知，此处询问安娜在新学校是否一切顺利，应用everything；根据“What did Anna say in the text message ”以及“I have no idea.”并结合选项可知，第二个空表示在短信没有提及。故选A。
考点十八 fair的用法
fair adj. 公平的
相关词形变换：
fairly adv. 公平地，相当
unfair adj. 不公平的
短语搭配：
a fair competition 公平的竞争
eg：It's important to be fair to everyone.对每个人公平是很重要的。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽·三模）—It is not _________ to always ask the same person to do the work in a team.
—I agree. We should share the work.
A．strict B．wrong C．special D．fair
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——在团队里总是要求同一个人去做事是不公平的。——我同意。我们应该共同分享工作。
考查形容词。strict严格的；wrong错误的；special特殊的；fair公平的。根据“always ask the same person to do the work in a team”可知，是不公平的。故选D。
考点十九 somebody的用法
somebody pron. 某人
eg：Somebody left their umbrella here. 有人把伞忘在这里了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Daming is happy today because he helped ________ look for a set of keys on his way home.
A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody
【答案】C
【详解】句意：大明今天很高兴，因为他在回家的路上帮别人找了一串钥匙。
考查复合不定代词辨析。nobody没有人；anybody任何人；somebody某人；everybody每个人。根据“Daming is happy today because he helped...look for a set of keys on his way home.”可知，本句是肯定句，表示帮助某人找钥匙。故选C。
考点二十 avoid的用法
avoid v. 避免
相关词形变换：
avoidable adj. 可避免的
avoidance n. 避免，回避
短语搭配：
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
eg：You should avoid eating too much junk food. 你应该避免吃太多垃圾食品。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江·中考真题）We should avoid ________ a noise in the library.
A．make B．to make C．making
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们应该避免在图书馆里制造噪音。
考查动名词作宾语。根据“avoid”可知此处应用动词短语avoid doing sth表示“避免做某事”，因此应用动名词making作宾语。故选C。
2．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）We should often review our notes after class to avoid ________ the same mistakes.
A．making B．getting C．wasting
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们应该经常在课后复习笔记，以避免犯同样的错误。
考查动词短语。make做，引起；get得到；waste浪费。根据“the same mistakes”可知，复习笔记是为了以后不犯同样的错，make mistakes“犯错”，固定短语。故选A。
语法点
一、一般现在时的被动语态。
1. 被动语态的构成：
在英语中，动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态，主语是动作的执行者/发出者（主语干了什么事）。被动语态主语是动作的承受者（句子的主语被...）。
e.g. He opened the door. 他开了门。（主动语态）
The door was opened by him. 门被开了。（被动语态）
2. 被动语态的用法
①当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
e.g. The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid.他们的工资太低。 (没必要指出工资是谁付的)
②突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
e.g. These books are written especially for children.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“这些书”)
3. 一般现在时的被动语态的构成和句式变换。
基本结构是“be（am / are / is） +动词的过去分词”，其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动 完全一样。
1）被动语态的几种句型
肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+（by）
eg: The yard is cleaned (by someone) every morning. 院子每天早上都有人打扫。
否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by）
eg: The yard is not cleaned (by someone) every morning. 院子每天早上没有人打扫。
一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by）？
eg: Is the yard cleaned (by someone) every morning. 院子每天早上都有人打扫嘛？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）
eg: Where is your phone made 你的手机是哪里制造的？
2）主动语态变为被动语态的方法
①一般情况下主动语态变被动语态
主动句： He closed the door. 他关上门。
变被动句： The door was closed by him.门被他关上了。
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone, 时不变，数格必须随被变。
②含双宾语变为被动语态的方法
主动语态中若有双宾语动词，变被动有两种情况
Lucy gave me a book. 双宾语（me是间宾， book是直宾）
变被动：①I was given a book by Lucy. （间接宾语提前）
②A bookwas given to me by Lucy. （直接宾语提前）
直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词动词make/buy/get用for; 动词give/send/lend/take用to
③含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，要将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。
e.g. Jim asked Tom to go for a walk. 吉姆请汤姆去散步。
Tom was asked (by Jim) to go for a walk.（吉姆）请汤姆去散步。
如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，(如：feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)等后面的宾语补足语，主动语态变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号 to。
e.g. We saw him play football on the playground.我们看见他在操场上打篮球。（主动语态play前不带to）
变被动： He was seen to play football on the playground.他被我们看到在操场上打篮球。（play前的to要加回来）
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages.
A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving
【答案】A
【详解】句意：孙悟空是中国的一个传统人物。它受到所有年龄段的人的喜爱。
考查被动语态及动词时态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指孙悟空被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时。故选A。
2．（2023·湖南益阳·中考真题）With the development of technology, computers ________ in class now.
A．use B．used C．are used
【答案】C
【详解】句意：随着技术的发展，计算机现在在课堂上使用。
考查被动语态。主语computers和谓语use“使用”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选C。
3．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone.
—That’s true. After all, safety must come first.
A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我们学校的学生不允许单独在河里或湖里游泳。——确实。毕竟，安全必须放在第一位。
考查被动语态。结合语境，可知句子应用一般现在时。根据“to swim in the rivers or lakes alone”可知，此处表示学生不应该去河里或湖里游泳，主语Students“学生”与动词allow“允许”是被动关系。应用一般现在时态的被动语态。故选C。
4．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year.
—That’s great! Animals are our friends.
A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——每年有相当多的濒危动物在自然公园受到保护。——太好了！动物是我们的朋友。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“every year”可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
5．（2024·北京·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world these days.
A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken
【答案】C
【详解】句意：如今，世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语“Chinese”和动词speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除选项A和B选项；根据时间状语“these days”及句意可知，此处描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时。故选C。
二、一般过去时的被动语态。
一般过去时的被动语态是在一般现在时的基础上，把be动词变为相应的过去式形式，其他不变。
构成形式为：was / were(not) +动词的过去分词
e.g. Our plan was supported by the manager.我们的计划得到了经理的支持。
Amy wasn't given the new job.艾米没有得到新工作。
Was the window closed 窗户被关上了吗
When was the milk drunk by you, Grace 你什么时候把牛奶喝了,格蕾丝
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁大连·中考真题）The Qatar World Cup ________ from November 21 to December 18 last year.
A．holds B．held C．was held D．is held
【答案】C
【详解】句意：卡塔尔世界杯于去年11月21日至12月18日举行。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语“The Qatar World Cup”是动作“hold”的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
2．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Did you enjoy the party last night
—Yes, we ________ well by our hosts.
A．treated B．treat C．were treated D．are treated
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢昨晚的聚会吗？——是的，我们受到了主人很好的招待。
考查被动语态。主语we和动词treat“款待”之间是被动关系，结合前句可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。
3．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—The traffic is more convenient than before.
—Yes. Another bridge ________ over this river last year.
A．is built B．was built C．builds D．will be built
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——交通比以前更方便了。——是的。去年在这条河上又建了一座桥。
考查被动语态。主语Another bridge和谓语build之间是被动关系，根据“last year”可知句子用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。
4．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship (载人飞船) ________ on May 30 this year.
A．was sent B．send C．sent
【答案】A
【详解】句意：今年5月30日，神舟十六号载人飞船升空。
考查被动语态。主语The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship和谓语send“发送”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选A。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第18讲 九年级 Units5--6
重 点 单 词 ____________ n. 短上衣；衬衫 ____________ n. 筷子 ____________ n. 硬币 ____________ n. 钢；钢铁 ____________ n. 展览会；交易会 ____________ n. 草；草地 ____________ n. 银；银器 adj. 银色的 ____________ n. 玻璃 ____________ n. 棉；棉花 ____________ n. 叶；叶子 ____________ n. 材料；原料 ____________ n. 交通；路上行驶的车辆 ____________ n. 邮递员 ____________ n. 帽子 ____________ n. 手套 ____________ v. 加工；处理 n. 过程 ____________ n. 产品；制品 ____________ n. 热；高温 v. 加热；变热 ____________ n. 样式；款式 ____________ n. 项目；工程 ____________ n. 高兴；愉快 ____________ n. 网站 ____________ n. 先锋；先驱 ____________ v. 列表；列清单 n. 名单；清单 ____________ n. 统治者；支配者 ____________ n. 法国 ____________ n. 小手提包 ____________ n. 老板；上司 ____________ n. 德国 ____________ n. 表面；表层 ____________ n. 形式；类型 ____________ n. 气球 ____________ n. 剪刀 ____________ n. 气味 v. 发出……气味；闻到 ____________ n. 器械；仪器；工具 ____________ n. 顾客；客户 ____________ n. 篮；筐 ____________ adj. 加拿大的；加拿大人的 n. 加拿大人 ____________ n. 英雄；男主角 ____________ v. 生产；制造；出产 ____________ v. 避免；回避 ____________ v. 完成 ____________ n. 贸易；交易 v. 做买卖；从事贸易 ____________ n. 疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑 ____________ n. 冰箱 ____________ pron. 某人 n. 重要人物 ____________ v. 锁上；锁住 n. 锁 ____________ n. 地震 ____________ n. 钟 声 ；铃 声 ____________ n. 饼干 ____________ n. 曲奇饼 ____________ v. 提到；说到 ____________ adj. 音乐的；有音乐天赋的 ____________ adv. 几乎；差不多 ____________ adj. 突然 的 ____________ adv. 广泛地；普遍地 ____________ adj. 可移动的；非固定的 ____________ adj. 每天的；日常的 ____________ adj. 国际的 ____________ v. 煮沸；烧开 ____________ v. 保持不变；剩余 ____________ v. 翻译 ____________ v. 分开；分散 ____________ adj. 当地的；本地的 ____________ adj. 酸的；有酸味的 ____________ adj. 生气勃勃的； 色彩 鲜艳的 ____________ adj. 每日的；日常的 ____________ adj. 国家的；民族的 ____________ adj. 低的；矮的
词 汇 拓 展 glass n.玻璃→___________ (复数)眼镜 leaf n.树叶→___________ (复数) produce v.生产；制造→___________ (n.)产品 widely adv.广泛地；普遍地→___________ (adj.)宽广的 France n.法国→___________ (adj.& n.)法国的；法语；法国人 boss n.老板→___________ (复数) Germany n.德国→___________ (adj.& n.)德国的；德语的；德国人→___________ (复数)德国人 postman n.邮递员→___________ (复数) its pron.它的→___________ (反身代词)它自己 pleasure n.高兴；愉快→___________ (adj.)感到高兴的→___________ (adj.)令人感到愉快的 sudden adj.突然的→___________ (adv.)突然地 Canadian adj.& n.加拿大的；加拿大人的；加拿大人→___________ (n.)加拿大 hero n.英雄→___________ (复数) national adj.国家的；民族的→___________ (n.)国家 customer n.顾客；客户→___________ (n.)习俗
重 点 短 语 以……闻名；为人知______________ 被广泛应用 ______________ 剪纸 ______________ 由……制成(成品看得出原材料) ______________ 由……制成(成品看不出原材料) ______________ 产于；产地是 ______________ 由……制造/生产 ______________ 避免做某事 ______________ 由……覆盖 ______________ 升入空中 ______________ 不论；无论 ______________ 日常生活 ______________ 突然；猛地 ______________ 有道理 ______________ 发生；出现 ______________ 据说 ______________ 错误地；无意中 ______________ 不但……而且…… ______________ 毫无疑问；的确 ______________ 发出；放出 ______________ 将……变成 ______________ 一个中国统治者 ______________ 人们普遍认为 ______________ 众所周知 ______________ 它提到 ______________ 把……分开 ______________ 钦佩；仰慕 ______________ 落入水中 ______________ 烧饮用水 ______________ 偶然；意外地 ______________
重 点 句 型 —__ __ was the zipper invented？拉链是什么时候发明的？ —It __ __ __ __ 1893.它是1893年发明的。 —When was tea brought to Korea？茶是什么时候被带到韩国的？ —It __ __ __ __ Korea __ __ the 6th and 7th centuries.它是在6世纪,7世纪期间被传到韩国的。 —What is the hot ice cream scoop used for？这个热的冰激凌勺子是用来做什么的？ —It __ __ __ __ __ really cold ice cream.它是用来为特别冷的冰激凌服务的。 —__ __ was it invented by？这是谁发明的？ —It __ __ __ __ Whitcomb Judson.它是惠特科姆·贾德森发明的。 __ __ __ __ many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.似乎全世界许多人都喝中国茶。 __ __ __ __ you may buy,you might think those products __ __ __ __ those countries.无论你可能买什么,你或许会认为那些产品就产自于那些国家。 __ __ __ __ __ a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说有一位叫做神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。 In England,tea __ __ __ __ __ 1660.在英国,茶直到1660年左右才出现。 These stars __ __ __ __ __ __ hard to achieve their dreams.这些球星鼓励年轻人通过努力工作来实现他们的梦想。 He __ __ __ interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.他发现有趣的是,在当地商店里许多产品都产自中国。 Kang Jian thinks __ __ __ __ China is so good at making these everyday things.康健认为中国擅于制造这些日常用品是很棒的。 They __ __ __ __ the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.他们必须去阻止竞争对手把球投进他们自己的球篮里。 He __ __ __ __ to ask for help when in trouble.当遇到麻烦时,他就放它们出去求救。 These small pieces of clay art __ __ __ __ that all Chinese people have for life and beauty.这些黏土小艺术品展现了中国人民对生活和美的热爱。
知识点
考点一 辨析be made of与be made from
【教材原句】What is it made of/from 它是由什么制成的？
辨析
be made of 由……制成（成品能看出原材料）
be made from 由……制成（成品看不出原材料）
“be made”相关的短语图示：
成品+ be made by + 制造者（被动语态）
成品+ be made in +产地
材料+be made into+成品 制成...
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏无锡）This T-shirt __________ (make) of silk and it feels very smooth.
2．（2023·潍坊）中国制造的电动汽车已经进入了欧洲市场。 (electric, enter) （汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________
3．（2023·西藏·中考真题）New energy（能源） cars （make） in China every year.
考点二 “It is said that...” 句型
【教材原句】It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 据说有一位叫神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。
“It is said that...”意为“据说……”，属于“It + is/was+ 过去分词+that从句”句型，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
“It + is/was + 过去分词 + that从句”句型的其他示例：
It is/was believed that…据说
It is/was reported that…据报道…
It is/was known that…众所周知…
It is/was thought that…人们认为…
◆ 精题巧练
1.（2023·荆州）据说，谷雨时节喝茶可以让人们远离疾病。(say)
_________ drinking tea during Grain Rain can make people stay away from illnesses.
考点三 doubt的用法
【教材原句】Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. 虽然现在很多人都知道茶文化，但毫无疑问，中国人是最了解茶的本质的人。
doubt n. 疑惑；疑问 v. 怀疑
短语搭配：
no doubt“无疑地；很可能”,常用于句首
without doubt“毫无疑问”, 也可写作without a doubt
doubt在肯定句中, 其后常接whether或if引导的宾语从句；在否定句或疑问句中,其后常接 that引导的宾语从句
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·滨州）毫无疑问，中国非常擅长修建桥梁和铁路。(be good at)
________________________________________________________________
2．（2023·安徽滁州·二模）—Sally won the first place in the singing competition yesterday.
—Good news! ________, she’s the best singer in our school.
A．For example B．Without doubt C．To start with D．As a result
考点四 not only...but also...的用法
【教材原句】Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch. 篮球不仅成为一项人们喜欢玩的运动，而且还成为一项受欢迎的观赏运动。
not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”
also可省略。用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语等，很多情况下相当于both...and...。
【注意】 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数和靠近它的主语保持一致。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北孝感·三模）Outdoor activities can ________ make kids stronger ________ help them get more knowledge.
A．either…or B．not only…but also C．neither…nor D．not…but
2．（2023·江苏宿迁·三模）________ my mum ________ my dad has gone to work. I am left alone at home.
A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Not only; but also D．Both; and
3．（2023·甘肃陇南·一模）Not only my parents but also I ________ interested in the CCTV show Cheers Science.
A．am B．is C．are D．were
4．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）— Could you tell me something about Yuan Longping
— Yes, he’s called the “Father of Hybrid Rice”. He helped to save ________ China ________ the world from hunger.
A．neither; nor B．either; or C．not only; but also
5．（2023·江苏扬州·二模）To get a bright future, we teenagers should _________ study hard _________ keep in good health.
A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．not; but
考点五 product的用法
product n. 产品，产物
相关词形变换：
production n. 生产，制作
productive adj. 多产的，富有成效的
短语搭配：
a new product 新产品
the final product 最终产品
eg：This is our latest product. 这是我们的最新产品。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·吉林长春·一模）China is good at making high-technology __________ that people can buy everywhere.
A．projects B．products C．subjects D．methods
2．（2023·湖北十堰·中考真题）—The air in our city becomes fresher and fresher.
—I think so. To cut down air pollution, many factories ________ new energy cars.
A．produce B．throw C．cancel D．divide
3．（2023·江苏无锡·一模） (produce) food which no one eats wastes the water, fuel（燃料）and other resources used to grow it.
4．（2023·内蒙古包头·三模）China is good at making high-technology (produce) that people can buy everywhere.
考点六 pleasure的用法
pleasure n. 快乐，愉快
相关词形变换：
pleasurable adj. 令人愉快的
pleasing adj. 令人满意的
短语搭配：
with pleasure 愉快地
for pleasure 为了娱乐
eg：It's a pleasure to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽·三模）—What do you think of Sophia and her work performance
—I think she is really able and friendly. It is a great ________ to work with her.
A．courage B．pleasure C．treasure D．worth
2．（2023·安徽合肥·三模）—The weather in Kunming is so ________ all the year round that people enjoy the lives there.
—Sure. It’s famous as “Spring City” in China.
A．pleasant B．helpful C．caring D．relaxed
3．（2023·内蒙古包头·二模）—Are you in Paris on business or for (please)
—I’m on my vacation.
4．（2023·黑龙江·一模）It’s a great (please) to talk with old friends on WeChat.
5．（2024·安徽亳州·二模）Chinese always have dinner together on New Year’s Eve and it gives us a lot of ________.
A．time B．pleasure C．spirit D．courage
6．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—Thank you for lending me your umbrella yesterday.
—_________.
A．Take it easy B．Well done
C．It’s up to you D．My pleasure
考点七 look up to的用法
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
短语搭配：
look up to sb.尊敬某人
eg：I really look up to my teacher for her dedication to teaching.我真的很尊敬我的老师，因为她对教学的奉献。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江绥化·二模）We should let children ________ national heroes. Let them have a right attitude.
A．look up to B．leave out C．kick off
考点八 lively的用法
lively adj. 活泼的，生动的
相关词形变换：
liveliness n. 活泼，生动
lively adv. 活泼地，生动地
短语搭配：
a lively child 一个活泼的孩子
a lively discussion 一场生动的讨论
eg：The class was very lively today. 今天的课堂非常活跃。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·吉林长春·三模）Miss Wang always has a lot of ways to make her class _________ and interesting.
A．lovely B．alive C．loving D．lively
考点九 complete的用法
complete adj. 完整的，完全的 v. 完成
相关词形变换：
completely adv. 完全地
completion n. 完成，结束
eg：I have completed my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·福建厦门·二模）Peter, our monitor, is talented and energetic enough to ________ the task successfully.
A．complete B．collect C．consider
2．（2023·山东青岛·一模）It is (complete) successful for us to achieve our goal in our life.
考点十 competitor的用法
competitor n. 竞争者，对手
相关词形变换：
competitive adj. 竞争性的
competition n. 竞争
短语搭配：
a tough competitor 强劲的竞争者
face a competitor 面对竞争者
eg：He is one of my main competitors in the race. 他是我在比赛中的主要竞争对手之一。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·内蒙古包头·三模）The never dreamed of having a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100-meter race. (compete)
考点十一 widely的用法
widely adv. 广泛地
相关词形变换：
wide adj. 广泛的
widen v. 使变宽
短语搭配：
widely known 众所周知的
travel widely 广泛旅行
eg：His work is widely recognized. 他的工作得到了广泛的认可。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏扬州·一模）After the 2022 Spring Festival Gala, a dance drama Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting became known in China. (wide)
2．（2023·四川凉山·中考真题）These days, Zibo is (wide) known for its barbecue (烧烤).
3．（2024·安徽亳州·一模）Today people ______ speak Chinese around the world, so that many like China very much.
A．hardly B．politely C．widely D．luckily
4．（2023·福建泉州·二模）—During COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccine (疫苗) is ________ taken throughout our country.
—You’re right. Our government made great effort to do that.
A．hardly B．simply C．widely
5．（2023·福建泉州·二模）—During COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccine (疫苗) is ________ taken throughout our country.
—You’re right. Our government made great effort to do that.
A．hardly B．simply C．widely
6．（2023·江苏镇江·一模）The Three- Body Problem is one of the most ________ known Chinese science fiction novels.
A．closely B．correctly C．widely D．wisely
考点十二 heat的用法
heat n. 热，热量 v. 加热
相关词形变换：
heated adj. 加热的
heater n. 加热器
短语搭配：
heat sth. up 把某物加热
eg：The heat was unbearable. 酷热难耐。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）When the sunshine falls on the Earth, it will be turned into (hot) and energy.
2．（2024·四川成都·一模）“No day off on New Year’s Eve” sparks ________ discussions as China announces 2024 public holiday schedule.
A．haunted B．uncrowded C．heated
考点十三 nearly的用法
nearly adv. 几乎，差不多
eg：I'm nearly done with my homework.我的作业快做完了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·福建福州·三模）I ________ missed my train yesterday, I got to the railway station just on time.
A．nearly B．unluckily C．finally
2．（2024·福建三明·一模）—Congratulations! Your team won the game at last.
—Thank you! We ________ lost it, but we tried our best until the end.
A．actually B．hardly C．nearly
考点十四 smell的用法
smell v. 闻，嗅 n. 气味
相关词形变换：
smelling n. 嗅觉
短语搭配：
smell sth. 闻到某物的气味
a nice smell 好闻的气味
eg：I can smell the flowers from here. 我在这里就能闻到花的香味。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·河北保定·三模）These flowers so sweet. I want to buy one.
A．feel B．taste C．smell D．sound
2．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）—Dad, what are you cooking It ________ so good.
—The main dish for our dinner. You will like it.
A．gets B．smells C．sounds D．tastes
3．（2023·山东东营·中考真题）Scientists found that dogs may know human’s feelings by ________ our breath and sweat (汗).
A．tasting B．smelling C．touching D．watching
考点十五 by accident的用法
by accident 偶然地，意外地
短语搭配：
meet sb. by accident 偶然遇见某人
happen by accident 偶然发生
eg：I met an old friend by accident in the street. 我在街上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·重庆大渡口·一模）It is known that tea, a very popular drink, was invented ________.
A．by accident B．without doubt C．in public D．in person
考点十六 by mistake的用法
by mistake 错误地，由于差错
短语搭配：
do sth. by mistake 错误地做某事
eg：I took his book by mistake.我错拿了他的书。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·四川成都·一模）—Mary, have you seen my telephone
—Oh, sorry. I took yours ________.
A．by mistake B．by letter C．by law
考点十七 mention的用法
mention v. 提到，提及
相关词汇：
mentionable adj. 可提及的
unmentionable adj. 不可提及的
短语搭配：
mention sth. to sb. 向某人提及某事
eg：Did you mention this to your teacher 你跟你老师提过这件事吗？
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—What did Anna say in the text message Does ________ go well at the new school
—I have no idea. She didn’t ________ anything about her school life.
A．everything; mention B．anything; discover
C．something; connect D．something; confirm
考点十八 fair的用法
fair adj. 公平的
相关词形变换：
fairly adv. 公平地，相当
unfair adj. 不公平的
短语搭配：
a fair competition 公平的竞争
eg：It's important to be fair to everyone.对每个人公平是很重要的。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽·三模）—It is not _________ to always ask the same person to do the work in a team.
—I agree. We should share the work.
A．strict B．wrong C．special D．fair
考点十九 somebody的用法
somebody pron. 某人
eg：Somebody left their umbrella here. 有人把伞忘在这里了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Daming is happy today because he helped ________ look for a set of keys on his way home.
A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody
考点二十 avoid的用法
avoid v. 避免
相关词形变换：
avoidable adj. 可避免的
avoidance n. 避免，回避
短语搭配：
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
eg：You should avoid eating too much junk food. 你应该避免吃太多垃圾食品。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江·中考真题）We should avoid ________ a noise in the library.
A．make B．to make C．making
2．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）We should often review our notes after class to avoid ________ the same mistakes.
A．making B．getting C．wasting
语法点
一、一般现在时的被动语态。
1. 被动语态的构成：
在英语中，动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态，主语是动作的执行者/发出者（主语干了什么事）。被动语态主语是动作的承受者（句子的主语被...）。
e.g. He opened the door. 他开了门。（主动语态）
The door was opened by him. 门被开了。（被动语态）
2. 被动语态的用法
①当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
e.g. The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid.他们的工资太低。 (没必要指出工资是谁付的)
②突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
e.g. These books are written especially for children.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“这些书”)
3. 一般现在时的被动语态的构成和句式变换。
基本结构是“be（am / are / is） +动词的过去分词”，其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动 完全一样。
1）被动语态的几种句型
肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+（by）
eg: The yard is cleaned (by someone) every morning. 院子每天早上都有人打扫。
否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by）
eg: The yard is not cleaned (by someone) every morning. 院子每天早上没有人打扫。
一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+（by）？
eg: Is the yard cleaned (by someone) every morning. 院子每天早上都有人打扫嘛？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）
eg: Where is your phone made 你的手机是哪里制造的？
2）主动语态变为被动语态的方法
①一般情况下主动语态变被动语态
主动句： He closed the door. 他关上门。
变被动句： The door was closed by him.门被他关上了。
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变bedone, 时不变，数格必须随被变。
②含双宾语变为被动语态的方法
主动语态中若有双宾语动词，变被动有两种情况
Lucy gave me a book. 双宾语（me是间宾， book是直宾）
变被动：①I was given a book by Lucy. （间接宾语提前）
②A bookwas given to me by Lucy. （直接宾语提前）
直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词动词make/buy/get用for; 动词give/send/lend/take用to
③含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，要将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。
e.g. Jim asked Tom to go for a walk. 吉姆请汤姆去散步。
Tom was asked (by Jim) to go for a walk.（吉姆）请汤姆去散步。
如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，(如：feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)等后面的宾语补足语，主动语态变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号 to。
e.g. We saw him play football on the playground.我们看见他在操场上打篮球。（主动语态play前不带to）
变被动： He was seen to play football on the playground.他被我们看到在操场上打篮球。（play前的to要加回来）
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages.
A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving
2．（2023·湖南益阳·中考真题）With the development of technology, computers ________ in class now.
A．use B．used C．are used
3．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone.
—That’s true. After all, safety must come first.
A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed
4．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year.
—That’s great! Animals are our friends.
A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected
5．（2024·北京·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world these days.
A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken
二、一般过去时的被动语态。
一般过去时的被动语态是在一般现在时的基础上，把be动词变为相应的过去式形式，其他不变。
构成形式为：was / were(not) +动词的过去分词
e.g. Our plan was supported by the manager.我们的计划得到了经理的支持。
Amy wasn't given the new job.艾米没有得到新工作。
Was the window closed 窗户被关上了吗
When was the milk drunk by you, Grace 你什么时候把牛奶喝了,格蕾丝
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁大连·中考真题）The Qatar World Cup ________ from November 21 to December 18 last year.
A．holds B．held C．was held D．is held
2．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Did you enjoy the party last night
—Yes, we ________ well by our hosts.
A．treated B．treat C．were treated D．are treated
3．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—The traffic is more convenient than before.
—Yes. Another bridge ________ over this river last year.
A．is built B．was built C．builds D．will be built
4．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship (载人飞船) ________ on May 30 this year.
A．was sent B．send C．sent

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