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第22讲 九年级 Units13--14
重 点 单 词 litter v.乱扔n.垃圾;废弃物 bottom n.底部;最下部 fisherman n.渔民;钓鱼的人 coal n.煤;煤块 public adj.公众的;公共的n.民众;百姓 ugly adj.丑陋的;难看的 advantage n.优点;有利条件 cost v.花费n.花费;价钱 wooden adj.木制的;木头的 plastic adj.塑料的n.塑料;塑胶 shark n.鲨鱼 method n.方法;措施 cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的 harmful adj.有害的 chain n.链子;链条 ecosystem n.生态系统 low a减少的;低的;矮的 industry n.工业;行业 law n.法律;法规 reusable adj.可重复使用的;可再次使用的 afford v.承担得起;买得起 transportation n.运输业;交通运输 recycle v.回收利用;再利用 napkin n.餐巾;餐巾纸 gate n.大门 bottle n.瓶;瓶子 president n.负责人;主席;总统 inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人或事物 metal n.金属 creativity n.创造力;独创性 survey n.调查 standard n.标准;水平 row n.一排;一列;一行 keyboard n.琴键;键盘 instruction n.指示;命令 double v.加倍;是...的两倍adj.两倍的;加倍的 shall modal v.将要;将会 overcome v.克服;战胜 graduate v.毕业;获得学位 ours pron.我们的 senior adj.（级别或地位）高的 text n.课文;文本 level n.标准;水平 degree n.学位;度数;程度 manager n.经理;经营者 gentleman n.先生 graduation n.毕业 ceremony n.典礼;仪式 congratulate v.祝贺 thirsty adj.口渴的;渴望的 none pron.没有一个;毫无 task n.任务;工作 ahead adv.向前面;在前面 responsible adj.有责任的 separate adj.单独的;分离的v.分开;分离 wing n.翅膀;翼
词 汇 拓 展 harmful adj.有害的→harm (v.&n.)伤害 survey n.调查→surveys (复数) ugly adj.丑的→uglier (比较级)→ugliest (最高级) cost v.&n.花费；价钱→cost (过去式/过去分词) wooden adj.木质的；木头的→wood (n.)木头；木材 overcome v.克服→overcame (过去式)→overcome (过去分词) caring adj.体贴人的；关心他人的→care (v.)关心；照顾→careful (adj.)小心的；谨慎的 thankful adj.感谢的；感激的→thank (v.&n.)感谢→thanks (n.)谢谢 (复数) fisherman n.渔民；钓鱼的人→fishermen (复数) congratulate v.庆祝；祝贺→congratulation (n.)祝贺
重 点 短 语 付费；付出代价pay for 扔掉；抛弃throw away 参加take part in 关掉turn off 采取行动take action 连续几次地in a row 好好利用某物put sth.to good use 拆下；摧毁pull…down 弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂)make a mess 沉住气；保持冷静keep one's cool 信任；信赖believe in 对……有害be harmful to 在……顶部或顶端at the top of 恢复；使想起；归还bring back 回首(往事)；回忆；回顾look back at (时间)逝去；过去go by 首先first of all 渴望；渴求be thirsty for 出发；启程set out 分离；隔开separate from 在……前面ahead of 对……有责任；负责任be responsible for 连同；除……以外还along with 对某人心存感激be thankful to sb.
重 点 句 型 If their numbers drop toolow,it will bring danger to all ocean life.如果他们的数目降至过低,会给所有海洋生物带来危险。 So together,our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future.因此,我们齐心协力就能带来变化,创造更加美好的未来。 Environmental protection groups around the world,such as WildAid and the WWF,are teaching the public about“finning”.世界各地的环境保护组织,如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会,都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。 Not only can the art bring happiness to others,but it also shows that even cold,hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.艺术不但可以给他人带来快乐,而且也说明只需要一点创造力,即便是冰冷、坚硬的铁也可以产生活力。 She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.她住在英国,房子是她自己用废弃物建造的。 The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down.房子的顶部是一条翻转过来的旧木船。 As you set out on your new journey,you shouldn't forget where you came from.在新的旅行启程之际,不应忘了你来自何处。 I am trying to keep my cool.我在尽力保持冷静。
知识点
考点一 separate
【教材原句】It is always hard to separate from those whom you have spent so much time with for the past three years. 与那些在过去的三年里一起度过这么多时间的人分离总是很难的。
separate作动词时，表示“分开；分离；分隔”。
eg：The two friends separated at the airport. 这两个朋友在机场分开了。
We should separate the good apples from the bad ones. 我们应该把好苹果和坏苹果分开。
They decided to separate and live in different cities. 他们决定分开，在不同的城市生活。
separate作形容词时，表示“分开的；不同的；单独的”。
eg：They live in separate houses. 他们住在不同的房子里。
We have separate bedrooms. 我们有各自的卧室。
短语搭配
·separate bedrooms 独立卧室
·separate...from... 把……和……分开。
eg：We should separate the rubbish into different bins to protect the environment. 我们应该把垃圾分成不同的类别放入不同的垃圾桶，以保护环境。
·be separate from 与……分开；和……不同。
eg：This school is separate from the primary school. 这所中学和那所小学是分开的。
辨析separate与divide
divide作动词，意为“（使）分开，分散”，侧重于把整体分成若干部分，常指按一定的比例或标准划分。separate指把原来在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来，
divide...into... 把……分成……
eg：Divide the cake into four equal parts. 把这个蛋糕分成四等份。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽合肥·二模）— Taiwan has belonged to China since ancient times.
— Anyone who wants to ________ it from the motherland will surely end up in failure.
A．divide B．support C．control D．separate
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——台湾自古以来就属于中国。——任何想把它从祖国分裂出去的人都必将以失败告终。
考查动词辨析。divide分开；support支持；control控制；separate分离。根据“…it from the motherland”可知，台湾不能与祖国分离开，separate…from…“把……与……分离”，固定搭配。故选D。
2．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）—What a team! They’re always pulling together.
—Exactly. No force can ________ them.
A．separate B．push C．guard D．shape
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——多好的团队啊！他们总是齐心协力。——确实。任何力量都不能把他们分开。
考查动词辨析。separate使分离；push推；guard保卫；shape塑造。根据“What a team! They’re always pulling together.”可知，他们总是齐心协力，所以任何力量都不能把他们分开。故选A。
3．（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）To get everybody in the discussion, Miss Su has d our class into six groups.
【答案】(d)ivided
【详解】句意：为了让每个人都参与讨论，苏老师把我们班分成了六个小组。根据“has...our class into six groups.”及首字母可知，应是分成了六组，divide...into...“将……分成……”，has后应跟过去分词构成现在完成时结构，故填(d)ivided。
考点二 harmful的用法
harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的
相关词形变换：
harm n.&v. 伤害，损害
短语搭配：be harmful to 对...有害
eg：Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）Too much sugar can ________ your health. So eat less sugar.
A．be good with B．be harmful to C．be thirsty for D．be different from
【答案】B
【详解】句意：太多糖会对你的健康有害。所以少吃糖。
考查形容词短语。be good with和……相处得好；be harmful to对……有害；be thirsty for渴望；be different from与……不同。根据“So eat less sugar”可知，吃太多糖对健康有害，所以要少吃糖。故选B。
2．（2024·福建南平·一模）—Don’t lie in bed like that. It will ________ your eyes.
—Thank you. I won’t do it again.
A．be weak in B．be suitable for C．be harmful to
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——不要那样躺在床上。这会对你的眼睛有害。——非常感谢。我不会再做了。
考查形容词短语。be weak in不擅长于；be suitable for合适；be harmful to对……有害。根据“Don’t lie in bed like that”可知那样躺在床上对眼睛有害。故选C。
3．（2024·山东济宁·中考真题）Eating too much junk food is h_________ to your health.
【答案】(h)armful
【详解】句意：吃太多的垃圾食品对你的健康有害。根据“Eating too much junk food”，结合首字母提示及常识，可知吃太多的垃圾食品对健康有害，be harmful to“对……有害”；故填(h)armful。
考点三 turn off的用法
turn off 关闭（电器、电源等）
【拓展】turn相关的短语
turn on 打开（电器、电源等）
eg：Turn on the computer. 打开电脑。
turn off 关闭（电器、电源等）。
eg：Turn off the TV after you watch your favorite show.看完你最喜欢的节目后关掉电视。
turn up调高（音量、亮度等）；出现；发生。
eg：Turn up the radio, I can't hear clearly. 把收音机音量调大，我听不清楚。
turn down调低（音量、亮度等）；拒绝。
eg：Turn down the offer if you don't think it's good for you.如果你认为这份工作对你没有好处，就拒绝它。
turn into变成；进入。
eg：The caterpillar will turn into a butterfly. 毛毛虫会变成蝴蝶。
turn out结果是；证明是
eg：The party turned out to be a great success. 晚会结果非常成功。
turn over翻转；移交
eg：Flip the pancake over in the pan.在平底锅里翻转煎饼。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·云南·中考真题）It’s a good habit to ________ the lights when you leave a room.
A．turn down B．turn up C．turn off D．turn on
【答案】C
【详解】句意：离开房间时关灯是个好习惯。
考查动词短语。turn down把声音调小；turn up把声音调大；turn off关闭；turn on打开。根据“It’s a good habit to... the lights when you leave a room.”可知离开房间时关灯是好习惯。故选C。
2．（2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Don’t forget to ________ the lights when you leave the classroom.
A．turn off B．turn up C．turn on
【答案】A
【详解】句意：当你离开教室的时候不要忘记关灯。
考查动词短语。turn off关闭水，电灯等；turn up把音量开大；turn on打开。根据“the lights when you leave the classroom.”可知，此处表示不要忘记关灯。故选A。
3．（2024·福建三明·一模）— The light is so bright that I can’t sleep well.
— I will ________ at once.
A．turn it on B．turn it off C．turn it up
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——灯太亮了，我睡不好。 ——我马上把它关掉。
考查动词短语。turn it on打开；turn it off关闭；turn it up出现。根据“The light is so bright that I can’t sleep well.”和常识可知，睡觉要关灯。故选B。
4．（2024·安徽中考）There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will ________ well in the end.
A．break up B．give up C．set out D．turn out
【答案】D
【详解】句意：开始时可能会有一些麻烦，但最终会好起来的。
考查动词短语。break up（使）破碎；give up放弃；set out动身；turn out结果是，最后是。根据“in the end.”和“There can be some trouble at the beginning”可知，最终的结果都会是好的，故选D。
考点四 cost的用法
cost n. 费用，成本 v. 花费，价值为
相关词形变换：
costly adj. 昂贵的
短语搭配：
the cost of living 生活费用
cost someone money 花费某人金钱
eg：The cost of the trip is quite high. 这次旅行的费用相当高。
This book costs me $20. 这本书花了我20美元。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）Tom Sawyer is my favorite book. It ________ me nearly 30 yuan.
A．spent B．cost C．paid
【答案】B
【详解】句意：《汤姆·索亚》是我最喜欢的书。花了将近30元。
考查动词辨析。spent花费，主语是人；cost花费，主语是物；paid付款，主语是人。根据“It...me nearly 30 yuan.”可知，主语是物，故选B。
2．（2023·青海·中考真题）According to the World Happiness Report 2023, Finland (芬兰) is the world’s happiest country. People ________ more time with families and friends there.
A．cost B．spend C．pay
【答案】B
【详解】句意：根据《2023年世界幸福报告》，芬兰是世界上最幸福的国家。人们花更多的时间与家人和朋友在一起。
考查动词辨析。cost花费，主语是物；spend花费，主语是人；pay支付，主语是人。根据“People ... more time with families and friends there.”可知此处指花费时间和家人、朋友在一起，主语是人，用spend。故选B。
3．（2023·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—How do you usually go to Wuhan from here
—By high-speed train. It ________ me only 20 minutes to get there.
A．spends B．pays C．costs D．takes
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你通常如何从这儿去武汉？——乘坐高铁。我到那里只需花费20分钟。
考查动词辨析。spends花费（时间或金钱），主语是人；pays支付（金钱）；costs花费（金钱）；takes花费（时间），主语是事物。主语为It，空格后“only 20 minutes”表示时间，可知此处用句型“It takes sb some time to do sth”表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。故选D。
4．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）— Excuse me, is this coat yours
— Yes. I ________ 300 yuan ________ it.
A．payed; in B．paid; for C．paid; on
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，这件大衣是你的吗？——是的。我花了300元。
考查动词短语。pay money for sth.“为某物付多少钱”。故选B。
5．（2023·山西太原·二模）—What happened to Tom
—His life was saved by an operation that ________ him his sight.
A．spent B．cost C．took D．paid
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——汤姆怎么了？——手术挽救了他的生命，但夺去了他的视力。
考查动词辨析。spend花费，人作主语，spend+金钱+on sth.意为“在某物上花费金钱”；cost花费，物作主语；take花费，常用“It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”句型；pay支付，常用pay for结构，主语是人。根据题干，可知that指代的是“an operation”，为物，所以用cost。故选B。
6．（2023·吉林长春·一模）Wang Nan ________ about 500 yuan for this backpack. I think it was kind of expensive.
A．spent B．took C．cost D．paid
【答案】D
【详解】句意：王楠花了500元买这个背包。我觉得它有点贵。
考查词义辨析。spent花费，sb. spend+时间/金钱+doing/on sth. ；took花费，It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. ；cost花费，sth. cost sb. +金钱；paid花费，sb. pay +金钱+for sth. 。分析句子可知，该句主语“WAng Nan”， 排除B和C；又后面有“for”，应该是pay...for...，排除A。故选D。
考点五 advantage的用法
advantage n. 优势，有利条件
相关词形变换：
advantageous adj. 有利的
短语搭配：
have an advantage over 比...有优势
eg：His experience gives him an advantage over other candidates.他的经验使他比其他候选人有优势。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big ________.
A．situation B．challenge C．achievement D．advantage
【答案】D
【详解】句意： ——彼得被选为学校排球队队员。——他的身高给了他很大的优势。
考查名词辨析。situation情况；challenge挑战；achievement成就；advantage优势。根据“His height gives him a big”可知他的身高在选拔中是一个优势。故选D。
2．（2023·福建福州·一模）The _______ of living in the countryside is that we can enjoy the fresh air there.
A．condition B．situation C．advantage
【答案】C
【详解】句意：住在农村的好处是我们可以享受那里的新鲜空气。
考查名词词义辨析。condition条件；situation情况；advantage好处，优势。根据空后“that we can enjoy the fresh air there”可知，说的是我们可以享受那里的新鲜空气，所以应是住在农村的好处。故选C。
考点六 set out的用法
set out 出发，动身；开始，着手
短语搭配：
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
set out on a journey 踏上旅程
eg：They set out early in the morning to avoid the traffic.他们早上很早就出发了，以避开交通拥堵。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—Could you please tell me where Mr Green is
—Sure. He has ________ for London.
A．cut out B．put out C．come out D．set out
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我格林先生在哪儿吗？——当然。他已启程前往伦敦。
考查动词短语。cut out裁剪；put out扑灭；come out出版；set out出发。根据“for London”可知是出发去伦敦。故选D。
2．（2023·湖北武汉·二模）—Hey, Mike! Our train will leave for Zibo in an hour. We have to ________ at once.
—OK. I’m ready to go now. I can’t wait to enjoy the delicious barbecue (烧烤).
A．set out B．set about C．set up D．set down
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——嗨，迈克！我们的火车将在一小时后开往淄博。我们必须马上出发。——好的。我准备走了。我迫不及待地想要享受美味的烧烤。
考查动词短语。set out出发；set about着手，开始；set up建立；set down放下。根据“Our train will leave for Zibo in an hour. We have to...at once.”可知，火车一小时要开，所以此处指要出发了，故选A。
3．（2023·安徽六安·三模）Hurry up, Cathy. The plane will leave for Beijing in 60 minutes. We have to _________ at once.
A．look out B．set out C．give out D．come out
【答案】B
【详解】句意：快点，凯茜。飞机将在60分钟后飞往北京。我们必须马上出发。
考查动词短语。look out当心；set out出发；give out分发；come out出版。根据“Hurry up, Cathy. The plane will leave for Beijing in 60 minutes.”可知飞机要在60分钟后起飞，要马上出发去机场。故选B。
考点七 instruction的用法
instruction n. 指令，说明
相关词形变换：
instruct v. 指导，教导
短语搭配：
follow the instructions 按照说明操作
eg：Please read the instructions carefully before you start. 开始之前请仔细阅读说明。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—The model plane is wonderful! How did you make it
—It’s easy. Follow the ________ and you can do it, too.
A．discussion B．education C．conditions D．instructions
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——模型飞机太棒了！你是怎么做到的？——很容易。按照说明做，你也能做到。
考查名词辨析。discussion讨论；education教育；conditions条件；instructions指示。根据“you can do it”可知，制作模型飞机是按照指示来做的，故选D。
2．（2023·湖北十堰·中考真题）—How did you fix up the machine, dad
—It’s easy. I just followed the ________.
A．instructions B．inventions C．interviews D．influences
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——爸爸，你是怎么修好这台机器的？——很简单。我只是按照说明去做。
考查名词辨析。instructions说明；inventions发明；interviews面试；influences影响。根据“How did you fix up the machine”及“I just followed the…”可知，根据机器的说明书来操作的，故选A。
3．（2023·福建泉州·三模）—How can I use the 3 D printer
—I think you need to read the first ________.
A．attention B．competition C．instruction
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我如何使用3 D打印机？——我认为你需要先阅读说明书。
考查名词辨析。attention注意；competition竞争；instruction说明书。根据“I think you need to read the first”可知要想知道如何使用3D打印机，首先要读说明书。故选C。
考点八 thankful的用法
thankful adj. 感激的，感谢的
相关词形变换：
thank v. 感谢
thanks n. 谢谢，感谢
短语搭配：
be thankful for sth. 对某事感到感激
eg：I'm very thankful for your help. 我非常感谢你的帮助。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁·中考真题）We should be ________ our parents. They have done a lot for us.
A．thirsty for B．thankful to C．angry with D．similar to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们应该感谢我们的父母。他们为我们做了很多。
考查形容词短语辨析。be thirsty for渴望；be thankful to对……感谢；be angry with对……生气；be similar to与……相似。根据“We should be … our parents. They have done a lot for us”可知，父母为我们做了很多，所以我们要感谢他们，故选B。
2．（2023·四川巴中·一模）I am ________ my parents because they give me the best thing in the world: love.
A．angry with B．thankful to C．hard on D．responsible for
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我感谢我的父母，因为他们给了我世界上最好的东西：爱。
考查短语辨析。angry with对……生气；thankful to对……感恩；hard on对……严厉；responsible for对……负责。根据“because they give me the best thing in the world: love”可知，感恩父母给了爱，故选B。
考点九 ahead of的用法
ahead of 在...之前，领先于
短语搭配：
ahead of time 提前
ahead of others 领先于他人
eg：We finished the work ahead of schedule. 我们提前完成了工作。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）Bills is ________ all the other runners. It seems that he will be the winner.
A．next to B．far from C．ahead of
【答案】C
【详解】句意：比尔跑在所有赛跑者的前面。看来他会是赢家。
考查介词短语辨析。next to在旁边；far from远离；ahead of领先。根据“It seems that he will be the winner”可知，他跑在其他人的前面，所以会是赢家，故选C。
2．（2023·四川达州·一模）Many teenagers put mobile games __________ other things and spend too much time on them.
A．ahead of B．as for C．instead of
【答案】A
【详解】句意：许多青少年将手机游戏放在其他事情之前，并在上面花费了太多时间。
考查介词短语辨析。ahead of在……之前；as for至于，就……方面来说；instead of而不是。根据“spend too much time on them”可知，青少年把手机放在其他事情之前，花了太多的时间，故选A。
3．（2023·山东青岛·二模）There may be many difficulties _______ (在前面) of her, she said she would try her best to go over them.
【答案】ahead
【详解】句意：可能有很多困难摆在她面前，她说她会尽力克服它们。根据汉语提示可知，此处使用ahead，ahead of“在……之前”，固定搭配。故填ahead。
考点十 caring的用法
caring adj. 体贴人的；关心人的
相关词形变换：
care n. 关心，照顾 v. 关心，在意
careful adj. 小心的，仔细的
careless adj. 粗心的
短语搭配：
take care of 照顾，照料
care about关心，在意
eg：She takes good care of her children. 她很好地照顾她的孩子们。
I really care about your feelings. 我真的很在乎你的感受。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽六安·三模）—You should be very ________ when you drive past the school gate.
—Yes, especially during the rush hours to and from school.
A．thankful B．honest C．careful D．general
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——当你开车经过学校大门时，你应该非常小心。——是的，尤其是在上下学的高峰期。
考查形容词词义辨析。thankful感谢的，欣慰的；honest诚实的；careful小心的；general大体的，一般的。根据“when you drive past the school gate当你开车经过学校大门时”可知，应当“小心驾驶”。故选C。
考点十一 thirsty的用法
thirsty adj. 口渴的，渴望的
相关词形变换：
thirst n. 口渴，渴望
短语搭配：
be thirsty for knowledge 渴望知识
eg：I'm very thirsty after the long run. 长跑后我很口渴。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·二模）—Why do you like teaching, Ms. Lee
—I’m glad to see in the children’s eyes that they ________ knowledge.
A．are thirsty for B．are full of C．are worried about
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——Ms. Lee，你为什么喜欢教学？——(因为)我很高兴能在孩子们眼中看到他们对知识的渴望。
考查形容词短语辨析。are thirsty for对……渴望；are full of充满……；are worried about担心……。根据“knowledge”可知，此处应是对知识的渴望。故选A。
2．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—After the big exams, we can finally have a good relax.
—How I ___________ a chance to hang out with my friends! I can’t wait.
A．am worried about B．am glad to C．am thirsty for
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——大考之后，我们终于可以好好放松了。——我多么渴望有机会和朋友们一起玩啊！我等不及了。
考查形容词短语。be worried about为……担心；be glad to乐意……，后跟动词原形；be thirsty for对……渴望。根据“I can’t wait”可知，说话人非常渴望有个机会出去玩，且空后无动词，可排除B选项。故选C。
3．（2023·辽宁铁岭·一模）We all like Little Tim because he’s a boy who is very ________ knowledge.
A．friendly to B．thirsty for C．good with D．afraid of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们都喜欢小蒂姆，因为他是一个非常渴望知识的男孩。
考查形容词短语。friendly to对……友好；thirsty for对……很渴望；good with善于应对；afraid of害怕。根据“We all like Little Tim”和“knowledge”可知此处应用形容词短语be thirsty for表示“渴望……”。故选B。
4．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）这个山村里的孩子们渴望知识。我们应该尽最大努力来帮助他们。
The children in this mountain village_______ _________ ________ knowledge. We should try our best to help them.
【答案】are thirsty for
【详解】be thirsty for“渴望”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are，故填are thirsty for。
考点十二 standard的用法
standard n. 标准，规范 adj. 标准的，常规的
相关词形变换：
standardize v. 使标准化
短语搭配：set a standard 设定标准
meet the standard 达到标准
eg：This product meets the international standard. 这个产品符合国际标准。
He always sets high standards for himself. 他总是为自己设定高标准。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽合肥·二模）—I haven’t collected as much money as we expected for the people in need.
—I think you can lower your ________ because at least you’ve tried your best.
A．voice B．standard C．speed D．value
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我没有为有需要的人筹集到我们预期的那么多钱。——我认为你可以降低你的标准，因为至少你已经尽力了。
考查名词辨析。voice嗓音；standard标准；speed速度；value价值。根据“I think you can lower your ...because at least you’ve tried your best.”可知表示我认为你可以降低你的……，因为至少你已经尽力了，因此是降低标准，用standard。故选B。
考点十三 method的用法
method n. 方法，办法
短语搭配：
a effective method 一个有效的方法
eg：He found a new method to solve the problem. 他找到了解决这个问题的新方法
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·天津滨海新·二模）Sun Haiping used information to change his training ________ for Liu Xiang.
A．methods B．symbols C．interests D．excuses
【答案】A
【详解】句意：孙海平利用信息改变了他对刘翔的训练方法。
考查名词辨析。methods方法；symbols象征；interests兴趣；excuses理由。根据“change his training”可知是改变训练方法。故选A。
2．（2023·江西赣州·三模）—What’s the ________ of your great success
—Believe in yourself and stick to what you’re doing.
A．problem B．pleasure C．method D．chance
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你取得巨大成功的方法是什么？——相信自己，坚持你正在做的事情。
考查名词辨析。problem问题；pleasure乐趣；method方法；chance机会。根据“Believe in yourself and stick to what you’re doing”可知，询问成功的方法是什么，故选C。
考点十四 go by的用法
go by （时间）流逝，过去
短语搭配：
time goes by 时间流逝
go by the rules 按照规则行事
eg：The years went by quickly. 岁月匆匆流逝。
We should go by the traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·河北石家庄·二模）In such cheerful conversation, the time ______ all too quickly.
A．went by B．went down C．went off D．went up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在如此愉快的谈话中，时间流逝得太快了。
考查动词短语。went by流逝；went down落下；went off变质；went up上升。根据“the time ... all too quickly.”可知，此处是指时间流逝得太快了。故选A。
2．（2023·河北石家庄·三模）We always feel that time ________ quickly when we do the things we enjoy.
A．goes by B．puts up C．sets off D．looks out
【答案】A
【详解】句意：当我们做我们喜欢的事情时，我们总是觉得时间过得很快。
考查动词短语。goes by时光流逝；puts up张贴；sets off出发；looks out当心。根据“We always feel that time…quickly when we do the things we enjoy.”可知，我们总是感觉时间过得很快，因此此处用“goes by”。故选A。
考点十五 creativity的用法
creativity n. 创造力；独创性
相关词形变换：
creative adj. 有创造力的，创造性的
creatively adv. 创造性地
短语搭配：
a creative idea 一个有创意的想法
eg：She is a very creative artist. 她是一位非常有创造力的艺术家。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·二模）—Look at the Tian’anmen Square model made of corns.
—Great! There are always _________ people around us!
A．crazy B．creative C．humorous
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——看看用玉米做成的天安门广场模型。——太棒了！我们身边总有有创造力的人！
考查形容词辨析。crazy疯狂的；creative有创造力的；humorous幽默的。根据“Look at the Tian’anmen Square model made of corns.”可知，设空处应该说“有创造力的”，故选B。
考点十五 unbelievable的用法
unbelievable adj. 难以置信的，不可信的
相关词形变换：
believe v. 相信
believable adj. 可信的
eg：His explanation is completely unbelievable. 他的解释完全难以置信。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·四川广元·三模）—It’s ________ that the little boy can remember so many poems.
—Yes. What an excellent boy he is!
A．unhappy B．unbelievable C．uncomfortable D．unpleasant
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——难以置信的是，这个小男孩能记住这么多诗。——是的。他是一个多么优秀的男孩呀！
考查形容词辨析。unhappy不快乐的；unbelievable难以置信的；uncomfortable不舒服的；unpleasant不愉快的。根据语境可知，这个小男孩能记住很多诗，是难以置信的事情，unbelievable“难以置信的”符合语境。故选B。
考点十六 afford的用法
【教材原句】Yes, we can't afford to wait any longer to take action！ 是的，我们再也等不起了，要马上采取行动！
afford v. 承担得起 (后果)；买得起
相关词形变换：
affordable adj. 负担得起的
短语搭配：
afford + n./pron. 买得起……
afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
eg：I can't afford to buy a new car.我买不起新车。
◆ 精题巧练
1 . （2024·江苏连云港·三模）—Many young people can't_______ to buy houses in big cities in China.
—Exactly.
A．offer B．effort C. affect D. afford
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——许多年轻人买不起中国大城市的房子。——确实是。
考查动词和名词辨析。offer提供，动词；effort努力；名词；affect影响，动词；afford负担得起，动词。根据“Many young people can't...to buy houses in big cities in China."可知，空处指的是不能负担，can't afford "负担不起" 符合语境。故选D。
2．（2023·四川成都·二模）No one in the team could a_______ the result of losing the game so all the teammates pulled together.
【答案】(a)fford
【详解】句意：队里没有一个队员能够承担得起输掉比赛的后果，所以所有的队员要齐心协力。根据句意及首字母可知，空处要表达的是“承担得起（后果）”的意思；afford承担得起（后果），且情态动词could后接动词原形。 故填(a)fford。
考点十七 bring back的用法
bring back使回忆起；使想起
e.g Hearing that old song always brings back memories of my childhood. 听到那首老歌总是让我想起我的童年时光。
The smell of freshly baked bread brought back the days when I lived with my grandmother. 新鲜出炉面包的味道让我想起了和奶奶一起生活的日子。
His words brought back the embarrassment I felt at the party. 他的话让我想起在聚会上感到的尴尬。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·浙江杭州·中考真题）Sweet memories were b_________ back when I saw these old things.
【答案】(b)rought
【详解】句意：当我看到这些旧物时，甜蜜的回忆又被唤起了。根据“Sweet memories were b...back”可知是指回忆被唤醒。bring back“使记起，使想起”，固定短语；空处需用过去分词，与be动词were构成被动语态。故填(b)rought。
考点十八 overcome的用法
overcome v.克服；战胜
短语搭配：
overcome difficulties/challenges/problems 克服困难/挑战/问题
overcome obstacles 克服障碍
e.g. With hard work and determination, you can overcome any difficulties. 通过努力和决心，你可以克服任何困难。
You should try to overcome your fear of heights. 你应该试着克服恐高症。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·四川自贡·中考真题）As long as we work together and never give up, we can o all the difficulties.
【答案】(o)vercome
【详解】句意：只要我们共同努力，永不放弃，我们就能克服一切困难。根据“As long as we work together and never give up, we can o...all the difficulties.”可知，此处指“克服困难”，overcome“克服”，情态动词后用动词原形。故填(o)vercome。
考点十九 throw away的用法
throw away 扔掉；丢弃; 错过（机会等）；浪费（金钱、时间等）
e.g. Please throw away the rubbish before you leave. 在你离开之前，请把垃圾扔掉。
She threw away the old clothes that she no longer wore. 她扔掉了那些不再穿的旧衣服。
Don't throw away your money on useless things. 不要把钱浪费在无用的东西上。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·西藏拉萨·一模）These foods have gone sour. You should them (扔掉).
【答案】 throw away
【详解】句意：这些食物变酸了。你应该把它们扔掉。扔掉：throw away，情态动词should后加动词原形。故填throw；away。
考点十九 responsible的用法
responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的；承担责任的
相关词形变换：
responsibility n. 责任；职责；义务
responsibly adv. 负责地；可靠地
短语搭配：
be responsible for (doing) sth. 对（做）某事负责
e.g. The parents are responsible for their children's safety. 父母对孩子的安全负责。
He is responsible for cleaning the classroom every day. 他负责每天打扫教室。
She is responsible for organizing the meeting. 她负责组织这次会议。
be responsible to sb. 对某人负责
e.g. The manager is responsible to the board of directors. 经理对董事会负责。
As a citizen, you should be responsible to your country. 作为一名公民，你应该对你的国家负责。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）In our opinion, our class teacher has a high sense of . (responsible)
【答案】responsibility
【详解】句意：在我们看来，我们的班主任有高度的责任感。responsible意为“负责的”，形容词，其名词形式为responsibility“责任”。have a high sense of 意为“有高度的……感”。介词of后面用名词。故填responsibility。
2．（2023·四川达州·二模）Taking care of the planet is everyone’s (responsible). Let’s do our best to make our planet a better place to live.
【答案】responsibility
【详解】句意：照顾这个星球是每个人的责任。让我们尽最大的努力使我们的星球成为一个更好的居住之处。根据“everyone’s”可知此处应填名词，responsible“有责任感的”，形容词，其名词responsibility“责任”，符合语境，故填responsibility。
3．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）学生们应该对他们的决定和行为负责。
Students should their decisions and actions.
【答案】be responsible for
【详解】对……负责：be responsible for，情态动词后加动词原形。故填be responsible for。
语法点
总结复习之前各章节的语法知识点（各语法点见前面各讲）。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第22讲 九年级 Units13--14
重 点 单 词 _____________ v.乱扔n.垃圾;废弃物 _____________ n.底部;最下部 _____________ n.渔民;钓鱼的人 _____________ n.煤;煤块 _____________ adj.公众的;公共的n.民众;百姓 _____________ adj.丑陋的;难看的 _____________ n.优点;有利条件 _____________ v.花费n.花费;价钱 _____________ adj.木制的;木头的 _____________ adj.塑料的n.塑料;塑胶 _____________ n.鲨鱼 _____________ n.方法;措施 _____________ adj.残酷的;残忍的 _____________ adj.有害的 _____________ n.链子;链条 _____________ n.生态系统 _____________ a减少的;低的;矮的 _____________ n.工业;行业 _____________ n.法律;法规 _____________ adj.可重复使用的;可再次使用的 _____________ v.承担得起;买得起 _____________ n.运输业;交通运输 _____________ v.回收利用;再利用 _____________ n.餐巾;餐巾纸 _____________ n.大门 _____________ n.瓶;瓶子 _____________ n.负责人;主席;总统 _____________ n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人或事物 _____________ n.金属 _____________ n.创造力;独创性 _____________ n.调查 _____________ n.标准;水平 _____________ n.一排;一列;一行 _____________ n.琴键;键盘 _____________ n.指示;命令 _____________ v.加倍;是...的两倍adj.两倍的;加倍的 _____________ modal v.将要;将会 _____________ v.克服;战胜 _____________ v.毕业;获得学位 _____________ pron.我们的 _____________ adj.（级别或地位）高的 _____________ n.课文;文本 _____________ n.标准;水平 _____________ n.学位;度数;程度 _____________ n.经理;经营者 _____________ n.先生 _____________ n.毕业 _____________ n.典礼;仪式 _____________ v.祝贺 _____________ adj.口渴的;渴望的 _____________ pron.没有一个;毫无 _____________ n.任务;工作 _____________ adv.向前面;在前面 _____________ adj.有责任的 _____________ adj.单独的;分离的v.分开;分离 _____________ n.翅膀;翼
词 汇 拓 展 harmful adj.有害的→___________ (v.&n.)伤害 survey n.调查→___________ (复数) ugly adj.丑的→___________ (比较级)→___________ (最高级) cost v.&n.花费；价钱→___________ (过去式/过去分词) wooden adj.木质的；木头的→___________ (n.)木头；木材 overcome v.克服→___________ (过去式)→___________ (过去分词) caring adj.体贴人的；关心他人的→___________ (v.)关心；照顾→___________ (adj.)小心的；谨慎的 thankful adj.感谢的；感激的→___________ (v.&n.)感谢→___________ (n.)谢谢 (复数) fisherman n.渔民；钓鱼的人→___________ (复数) congratulate v.庆祝；祝贺→___________ (n.)祝贺
重 点 短 语 付费；付出代价 _____________ 扔掉；抛弃 _____________ 参加 _____________ 关掉 _____________ 采取行动 _____________ 连续几次地 _____________ 好好利用某物 _____________ 拆下；摧毁 _____________ 弄得一团糟(一塌糊涂) _____________ 沉住气；保持冷静 _____________ 信任；信赖 _____________ 对……有害 _____________ 在……顶部或顶端 _____________ 恢复；使想起；归还 _____________ 回首(往事)；回忆；回顾 _____________ (时间)逝去；过去 _____________ 首先 _____________ 渴望；渴求 _____________ 出发；启程 _____________ 分离；隔开 _____________ 在……前面 _____________ 对……有责任；负责任 _____________ 连同；除……以外还 _____________ 对某人心存感激 _____________
重 点 句 型 If their numbers drop too low,it will ________ all ocean life.如果他们的数目降至过低,会给所有海洋生物带来危险。 So together,our actions can ________ and lead to a better future.因此,我们齐心协力就能带来变化,创造更加美好的未来。 Environmental protection groups around the world,such as WildAid and the WWF,are teaching ______ about “finning”.世界各地的环境保护组织,如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会,都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。 ______ can the art bring happiness to others,____ it ____ shows that even cold,hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.艺术不但可以给他人带来快乐,而且也说明只需要一点创造力,即便是冰冷、坚硬的铁也可以产生活力。 She lives in a house in the UK ____ she built herself ________.她住在英国,房子是她自己用废弃物建造的。 The top of the house is an old boat turned ______.房子的顶部是一条翻转过来的旧木船。 As you ______ on your new journey,you shouldn't forget where you came from.在新的旅行启程之际,不应忘了你来自何处。 I am trying to ________.我在尽力保持冷静。
知识点
考点一 separate
【教材原句】It is always hard to separate from those whom you have spent so much time with for the past three years. 与那些在过去的三年里一起度过这么多时间的人分离总是很难的。
separate作动词时，表示“分开；分离；分隔”。
eg：The two friends separated at the airport. 这两个朋友在机场分开了。
We should separate the good apples from the bad ones. 我们应该把好苹果和坏苹果分开。
They decided to separate and live in different cities. 他们决定分开，在不同的城市生活。
separate作形容词时，表示“分开的；不同的；单独的”。
eg：They live in separate houses. 他们住在不同的房子里。
We have separate bedrooms. 我们有各自的卧室。
短语搭配
·separate bedrooms 独立卧室
·separate...from... 把……和……分开。
eg：We should separate the rubbish into different bins to protect the environment. 我们应该把垃圾分成不同的类别放入不同的垃圾桶，以保护环境。
·be separate from 与……分开；和……不同。
eg：This school is separate from the primary school. 这所中学和那所小学是分开的。
辨析separate与divide
divide作动词，意为“（使）分开，分散”，侧重于把整体分成若干部分，常指按一定的比例或标准划分。separate指把原来在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来，
divide...into... 把……分成……
eg：Divide the cake into four equal parts. 把这个蛋糕分成四等份。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽合肥·二模）— Taiwan has belonged to China since ancient times.
— Anyone who wants to ________ it from the motherland will surely end up in failure.
A．divide B．support C．control D．separate
2．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）—What a team! They’re always pulling together.
—Exactly. No force can ________ them.
A．separate B．push C．guard D．shape
3．（2023·江苏苏州·中考真题）To get everybody in the discussion, Miss Su has d our class into six groups.
考点二 harmful的用法
harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的
相关词形变换：
harm n.&v. 伤害，损害
短语搭配：be harmful to 对...有害
eg：Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）Too much sugar can ________ your health. So eat less sugar.
A．be good with B．be harmful to C．be thirsty for D．be different from
2．（2024·福建南平·一模）—Don’t lie in bed like that. It will ________ your eyes.
—Thank you. I won’t do it again.
A．be weak in B．be suitable for C．be harmful to
3．（2024·山东济宁·中考真题）Eating too much junk food is h_________ to your health.
考点三 turn off的用法
turn off 关闭（电器、电源等）
【拓展】turn相关的短语
turn on 打开（电器、电源等）
eg：Turn on the computer. 打开电脑。
turn off 关闭（电器、电源等）。
eg：Turn off the TV after you watch your favorite show.看完你最喜欢的节目后关掉电视。
turn up调高（音量、亮度等）；出现；发生。
eg：Turn up the radio, I can't hear clearly. 把收音机音量调大，我听不清楚。
turn down调低（音量、亮度等）；拒绝。
eg：Turn down the offer if you don't think it's good for you.如果你认为这份工作对你没有好处，就拒绝它。
turn into变成；进入。
eg：The caterpillar will turn into a butterfly. 毛毛虫会变成蝴蝶。
turn out结果是；证明是
eg：The party turned out to be a great success. 晚会结果非常成功。
turn over翻转；移交
eg：Flip the pancake over in the pan.在平底锅里翻转煎饼。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·云南·中考真题）It’s a good habit to ________ the lights when you leave a room.
A．turn down B．turn up C．turn off D．turn on
2．（2023·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Don’t forget to ________ the lights when you leave the classroom.
A．turn off B．turn up C．turn on
3．（2024·福建三明·一模）— The light is so bright that I can’t sleep well.
— I will ________ at once.
A．turn it on B．turn it off C．turn it up
4．（2024·安徽中考）There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will ________ well in the end.
A．break up B．give up C．set out D．turn out
考点四 cost的用法
cost n. 费用，成本 v. 花费，价值为
相关词形变换：
costly adj. 昂贵的
短语搭配：
the cost of living 生活费用
cost someone money 花费某人金钱
eg：The cost of the trip is quite high. 这次旅行的费用相当高。
This book costs me $20. 这本书花了我20美元。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）Tom Sawyer is my favorite book. It ________ me nearly 30 yuan.
A．spent B．cost C．paid
2．（2023·青海·中考真题）According to the World Happiness Report 2023, Finland (芬兰) is the world’s happiest country. People ________ more time with families and friends there.
A．cost B．spend C．pay
3．（2023·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—How do you usually go to Wuhan from here
—By high-speed train. It ________ me only 20 minutes to get there.
A．spends B．pays C．costs D．takes
4．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）— Excuse me, is this coat yours
— Yes. I ________ 300 yuan ________ it.
A．payed; in B．paid; for C．paid; on
5．（2023·山西太原·二模）—What happened to Tom
—His life was saved by an operation that ________ him his sight.
A．spent B．cost C．took D．paid
6．（2023·吉林长春·一模）Wang Nan ________ about 500 yuan for this backpack. I think it was kind of expensive.
A．spent B．took C．cost D．paid
考点五 advantage的用法
advantage n. 优势，有利条件
相关词形变换：
advantageous adj. 有利的
短语搭配：
have an advantage over 比...有优势
eg：His experience gives him an advantage over other candidates.他的经验使他比其他候选人有优势。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big ________.
A．situation B．challenge C．achievement D．advantage
2．（2023·福建福州·一模）The _______ of living in the countryside is that we can enjoy the fresh air there.
A．condition B．situation C．advantage
考点六 set out的用法
set out 出发，动身；开始，着手
短语搭配：
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
set out on a journey 踏上旅程
eg：They set out early in the morning to avoid the traffic.他们早上很早就出发了，以避开交通拥堵。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—Could you please tell me where Mr Green is
—Sure. He has ________ for London.
A．cut out B．put out C．come out D．set out
2．（2023·湖北武汉·二模）—Hey, Mike! Our train will leave for Zibo in an hour. We have to ________ at once.
—OK. I’m ready to go now. I can’t wait to enjoy the delicious barbecue (烧烤).
A．set out B．set about C．set up D．set down
3．（2023·安徽六安·三模）Hurry up, Cathy. The plane will leave for Beijing in 60 minutes. We have to _________ at once.
A．look out B．set out C．give out D．come out
考点七 instruction的用法
instruction n. 指令，说明
相关词形变换：
instruct v. 指导，教导
短语搭配：
follow the instructions 按照说明操作
eg：Please read the instructions carefully before you start. 开始之前请仔细阅读说明。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—The model plane is wonderful! How did you make it
—It’s easy. Follow the ________ and you can do it, too.
A．discussion B．education C．conditions D．instructions
2．（2023·湖北十堰·中考真题）—How did you fix up the machine, dad
—It’s easy. I just followed the ________.
A．instructions B．inventions C．interviews D．influences
3．（2023·福建泉州·三模）—How can I use the 3 D printer
—I think you need to read the first ________.
A．attention B．competition C．instruction
考点八 thankful的用法
thankful adj. 感激的，感谢的
相关词形变换：
thank v. 感谢
thanks n. 谢谢，感谢
短语搭配：
be thankful for sth. 对某事感到感激
eg：I'm very thankful for your help. 我非常感谢你的帮助。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁·中考真题）We should be ________ our parents. They have done a lot for us.
A．thirsty for B．thankful to C．angry with D．similar to
2．（2023·四川巴中·一模）I am ________ my parents because they give me the best thing in the world: love.
A．angry with B．thankful to C．hard on D．responsible for
考点九 ahead of的用法
ahead of 在...之前，领先于
短语搭配：
ahead of time 提前
ahead of others 领先于他人
eg：We finished the work ahead of schedule. 我们提前完成了工作。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）Bills is ________ all the other runners. It seems that he will be the winner.
A．next to B．far from C．ahead of
2．（2023·四川达州·一模）Many teenagers put mobile games __________ other things and spend too much time on them.
A．ahead of B．as for C．instead of
3．（2023·山东青岛·二模）There may be many difficulties _______ (在前面) of her, she said she would try her best to go over them.
考点十 caring的用法
caring adj. 体贴人的；关心人的
相关词形变换：
care n. 关心，照顾 v. 关心，在意
careful adj. 小心的，仔细的
careless adj. 粗心的
短语搭配：
take care of 照顾，照料
care about关心，在意
eg：She takes good care of her children. 她很好地照顾她的孩子们。
I really care about your feelings. 我真的很在乎你的感受。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽六安·三模）—You should be very ________ when you drive past the school gate.
—Yes, especially during the rush hours to and from school.
A．thankful B．honest C．careful D．general
考点十一 thirsty的用法
thirsty adj. 口渴的，渴望的
相关词形变换：
thirst n. 口渴，渴望
短语搭配：
be thirsty for knowledge 渴望知识
eg：I'm very thirsty after the long run. 长跑后我很口渴。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·二模）—Why do you like teaching, Ms. Lee
—I’m glad to see in the children’s eyes that they ________ knowledge.
A．are thirsty for B．are full of C．are worried about
2．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—After the big exams, we can finally have a good relax.
—How I ___________ a chance to hang out with my friends! I can’t wait.
A．am worried about B．am glad to C．am thirsty for
3．（2023·辽宁铁岭·一模）We all like Little Tim because he’s a boy who is very ________ knowledge.
A．friendly to B．thirsty for C．good with D．afraid of
4．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）这个山村里的孩子们渴望知识。我们应该尽最大努力来帮助他们。
The children in this mountain village_______ _________ ________ knowledge. We should try our best to help them.
考点十二 standard的用法
standard n. 标准，规范 adj. 标准的，常规的
相关词形变换：
standardize v. 使标准化
短语搭配：set a standard 设定标准
meet the standard 达到标准
eg：This product meets the international standard. 这个产品符合国际标准。
He always sets high standards for himself. 他总是为自己设定高标准。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽合肥·二模）—I haven’t collected as much money as we expected for the people in need.
—I think you can lower your ________ because at least you’ve tried your best.
A．voice B．standard C．speed D．value
考点十三 method的用法
method n. 方法，办法
短语搭配：
a effective method 一个有效的方法
eg：He found a new method to solve the problem. 他找到了解决这个问题的新方法
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·天津滨海新·二模）Sun Haiping used information to change his training ________ for Liu Xiang.
A．methods B．symbols C．interests D．excuses
2．（2023·江西赣州·三模）—What’s the ________ of your great success
—Believe in yourself and stick to what you’re doing.
A．problem B．pleasure C．method D．chance
考点十四 go by的用法
go by （时间）流逝，过去
短语搭配：
time goes by 时间流逝
go by the rules 按照规则行事
eg：The years went by quickly. 岁月匆匆流逝。
We should go by the traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·河北石家庄·二模）In such cheerful conversation, the time ______ all too quickly.
A．went by B．went down C．went off D．went up
2．（2023·河北石家庄·三模）We always feel that time ________ quickly when we do the things we enjoy.
A．goes by B．puts up C．sets off D．looks out
考点十五 creativity的用法
creativity n. 创造力；独创性
相关词形变换：
creative adj. 有创造力的，创造性的
creatively adv. 创造性地
短语搭配：
a creative idea 一个有创意的想法
eg：She is a very creative artist. 她是一位非常有创造力的艺术家。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·二模）—Look at the Tian’anmen Square model made of corns.
—Great! There are always _________ people around us!
A．crazy B．creative C．humorous
考点十五 unbelievable的用法
unbelievable adj. 难以置信的，不可信的
相关词形变换：
believe v. 相信
believable adj. 可信的
eg：His explanation is completely unbelievable. 他的解释完全难以置信。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·四川广元·三模）—It’s ________ that the little boy can remember so many poems.
—Yes. What an excellent boy he is!
A．unhappy B．unbelievable C．uncomfortable D．unpleasant
考点十六 afford的用法
【教材原句】Yes, we can't afford to wait any longer to take action！ 是的，我们再也等不起了，要马上采取行动！
afford v. 承担得起 (后果)；买得起
相关词形变换：
affordable adj. 负担得起的
短语搭配：
afford + n./pron. 买得起……
afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
eg：I can't afford to buy a new car.我买不起新车。
◆ 精题巧练
1 . （2024·江苏连云港·三模）—Many young people can't_______ to buy houses in big cities in China.
—Exactly.
A．offer B．effort C. affect D. afford
2．（2023·四川成都·二模）No one in the team could a_______ the result of losing the game so all the teammates pulled together.
考点十七 bring back的用法
bring back使回忆起；使想起
e.g Hearing that old song always brings back memories of my childhood. 听到那首老歌总是让我想起我的童年时光。
The smell of freshly baked bread brought back the days when I lived with my grandmother. 新鲜出炉面包的味道让我想起了和奶奶一起生活的日子。
His words brought back the embarrassment I felt at the party. 他的话让我想起在聚会上感到的尴尬。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·浙江杭州·中考真题）Sweet memories were b_________ back when I saw these old things.
考点十八 overcome的用法
overcome v.克服；战胜
短语搭配：
overcome difficulties/challenges/problems 克服困难/挑战/问题
overcome obstacles 克服障碍
e.g. With hard work and determination, you can overcome any difficulties. 通过努力和决心，你可以克服任何困难。
You should try to overcome your fear of heights. 你应该试着克服恐高症。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·四川自贡·中考真题）As long as we work together and never give up, we can o all the difficulties.
考点十九 throw away的用法
throw away 扔掉；丢弃; 错过（机会等）；浪费（金钱、时间等）
e.g. Please throw away the rubbish before you leave. 在你离开之前，请把垃圾扔掉。
She threw away the old clothes that she no longer wore. 她扔掉了那些不再穿的旧衣服。
Don't throw away your money on useless things. 不要把钱浪费在无用的东西上。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·西藏拉萨·一模）These foods have gone sour. You should them (扔掉).
考点十九 responsible的用法
responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的；承担责任的
相关词形变换：
responsibility n. 责任；职责；义务
responsibly adv. 负责地；可靠地
短语搭配：
be responsible for (doing) sth. 对（做）某事负责
e.g. The parents are responsible for their children's safety. 父母对孩子的安全负责。
He is responsible for cleaning the classroom every day. 他负责每天打扫教室。
She is responsible for organizing the meeting. 她负责组织这次会议。
be responsible to sb. 对某人负责
e.g. The manager is responsible to the board of directors. 经理对董事会负责。
As a citizen, you should be responsible to your country. 作为一名公民，你应该对你的国家负责。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·上海奉贤·一模）In our opinion, our class teacher has a high sense of . (responsible)
2．（2023·四川达州·二模）Taking care of the planet is everyone’s (responsible). Let’s do our best to make our planet a better place to live.
3．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）学生们应该对他们的决定和行为负责。
Students should their decisions and actions.
语法点
总结复习之前各章节的语法知识点（各语法点见前面各讲）。

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