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Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
一、单词（英译汉）预习用
1.unexpected adj.______________
2. backpack n.______________
3. oversleep v.______________
4. block n.______________
5. worker n.______________
6. stare v.______________
7. disbelief n.______________
8.above prep._________ adv._____
9.burn v.______________
10.burning adj.______________
11.alive adj.______________
12.airport n.______________
13.till prep.&conj.______________ 14.west adv._________adj.__________n.________
15.cream n.______________
16.workday n.______________
17.pie n.______________
18.bean n.______________
19.market n.______________
20.fool n._________v._____
21.costume n.______________
22.embarrassed adj.______________
23.announce v.______________
24.spaghetti n.______________
25.hoax n.______________
26.discovery n.______________
27. lady n.______________
28.cancel v.______________
29.officer n.______________
30.believable adj.______________
31.disappear v.______________
32.embarrassing adj.______________
二、单词（汉译英）学后测试用
1.adj.出乎意料的;始料不及的______________
2.n.背包;旅行包_________________
3. v. (overslept, overslept)睡过头;睡得太久_________________
4.n.街区_________________
5.n.工作者;工人_________________
6.v.盯着看;凝视_________________
7.n.不信;怀疑_________________
8.prep.在...上面adv.在上面________________
9.v.(burnt,burnt;burned;burned)着火;燃烧_____
10.adj.着火的;燃烧的_________________
l1.adj.活着;有生气的_________________
12.n.机场_________________
13.prep.&conj.到;直到_________________
14.adv.向西;朝西adj向西的;西部的n西;西方______ 15.n.奶油;乳脂_________________
16.n.工作日_________________
17.n.果馅饼;果馅派_________________
18.n.豆;豆荚_________________
19.n.市场;集市_________________
20.n.蠢人;傻瓜v.愚弄_________________
21.n.(特定场合穿的)服装;装束_____________
22.adj.窘迫的;害羞的_________________
23.v.宣布;宣告_________________
24.n.意大利面条_________________
25.n.骗局;恶作剧_________________
26.n.发现;发觉_________________
27.n.女士;女子_________________
28.v.取消;终止_________________
29.n.军官;官员_________________
30.adj.可相信的;可信任的_________________
31.v.消失;不见_________________
32.adj.使人害羞的(难堪的或惭愧的)_________________
三、短语（英译汉）预习用
1. be full of_________________
2. by the time_________________
3. leave sth.in..._________________
4. walk into_________________
5. be late for class_________________
6. go off_________________
7. wake up_________________
8.put on_________________
9. rush out of_________________
10.give... a lift_________________
11. at least_________________
12. arrive at_________________
13. be about to do sth._________________
14.go up_________________
15.even though_________________
16. in line with_________________
17. stare at_________________
18. in disbelief_________________
19. take off_________________
20. wait in line_________________
21.show up_________________
22.find out_________________
23. by the end of_________________
24. get dressed_________________
25.stay up_________________
26.all night_________________
27.take place_________________
28. play tricks on_________________
29. all kinds of_________________
30.each other_________________
31. no more_________________
32.sell out_________________
33. lose weight_________________
34.end up doing_________________
35.get married_________________
36. run out of_________________
四、短语（汉译英）学后测试用
1.充满_________________
2.在......以前_________________
3.把某物忘在_________________
4.走进_________________
5.上课迟到_________________
6.响起_________________
7.醒来_________________
8.穿上_________________
9.冲出_________________
10.捎......一程_________________
11.至少_________________
12.到达_________________
13.正要做某事_________________
14.上升_________________
15.虽然_________________
16.与......成一排_________________
17.盯着看;凝视_________________
18.怀疑;难以置信地_________________
19.起飞_________________
20.排队等候_________________
21.赶到:露面_________________
22.查明;发现_________________
23.在(某时间点)以前_________________
24.穿好衣服_________________
25.熬夜_________________
26.整夜_________________
27.举行;发生_________________
28.捉弄._________________
29.各种_________________
30.互相_________________
31.不再_________________
32.卖光_________________
33.减肥_________________
34.以做结束_________________
35.结婚_________________
36.用光_________________
Section A教材要点精析
1.Life is full of the unexpected.
要点1 be full of... 的用法
用法分析 be full of... 充满……；装满……
be full of 相当于be filled with，强调状态。fill...with...“用……装满……”，强调动作。
Taking exercise makes you tired, but relaxed. A strong body helps you be full of confidence.
锻炼会让你累，但也会让你放松。一个强壮的身体有助于你充满信心。
Please fill the cup with water. I’ll put some flowers in it. 请给杯子加满水，我将放些花在里面。
【新题速递】1.请你看到自己的优势并对每件事情充满自信。(full)
Please see your advantages and ______be full of_______ confidence for everything.
要点2 unexpected 的用法
用法分析 unexpected / n k'spekt d/ adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的
unexpected 由“un-(前缀) +expected(adj.) 预料的”构成。既可作定语也可作表语。
Life is full of unexpected surprises. 生活充满了意想不到的惊喜。
作定语
The announcement was not entirely unexpected. 这个通告并非完全出乎意料。
作表语
unexpected 的相关词：
expected adj. 预料的
expect v. 预料；期待 → expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事
expectedly adv.意料之中地
unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地
【新题速递】1.Although the match is moving in an _______unexpected________ (出乎意料的) direction, our team will finally win, I believe.
要点3 the unexpected 的用法
用法分析 the unexpected 出乎意料的事
①英语中有些形容词和定冠词the 连用，可表示一类人或事物，在句子中相当于名词。
the sick 病人 the young 年轻人 the old 老年人
We Chinese have the tradition of respecting the old. 我们中国人有尊老的传统。
②“the+ 形容词”作主语时，若表示具有共同特征的某一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；
若表示抽象概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
The beautiful isn’t always the same as the good. 美的东西不总是和好的东西一样。
拓展：形容词名词化，一般在前面加定冠词the，但若有连词and 连接(两个形容词往往是反义词) 并成对使用，the 通常省略。
It’s a book for young and old alike. 这本书老少皆宜。
敲黑板:
“the + 形容词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于它所表示的概念的单复数情况。
【新题速递】1.—What’s the most important tradition in a Chinese family
—We must care for __B___ old.
an B. the C. /
2.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
为“助动词had+过去分词”结构，是过去完成时，它所表示的动作比句中另一个动作got up还要早，
即“过去的过去”。
要点4 by the time... 的用法
用法分析 by the time... 在……以前；当……时
by the time 引导时间状语从句，若从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。
The meeting had begun by the time I got there yesterday. 昨天我到那儿时，会议已经开始了。
By the time I got home, my parents had already cooked dinner. 我到家之前，我的父母已经做了晚饭。
【拓展延伸】be the time后的从句若用一般现在时，主句常用将来完成时。
By the time they get there, the train will have left. 他们到达那里之前，火车将已经离开。
拓展：by now 表示“到现在为止”，通常与现在完成时连用。
By now, I haven’t seen this film.到现在为止，我没有看过这部电影。
time 的其他相关短语：①in time 及时地
②at the same time 同时
③on time 按时
④all the time 一直
⑤at times 有时候
【新题速递】1.By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ___B___ for 10 minutes.
has been on B. had been on C. had stopped D. had begun
2.By the time I ___A____ up, my mother ________ to do volunteer work in our community.
A. woke; had gone B. wake; has gone C. woke; has gone D. wake; had gone
3.I overslept.
要点5 oversleep 的用法
用法分析 oversleep / v (r) 'sli p/ v. 睡过头；睡得太久 oversleep的过去式、过去分词均为overslept
oversleep 在此处作不及物动词，是由“over+sleep”构成的。
I shall probably oversleep as I am not used to getting up so early. 我很可能会睡过头，因为我不习惯起得这么早。
构词法记单词: 前缀over- 表示“太；过于；上面；外面；额外；上方”，常见词有：
overwork (使) 过度劳累 overcoat 长大衣
overage 超龄的 oversized 过大的
【新题速递】
1.Jack was late for class in the morning, because he ______overslept________ (oversleep) .
4.When I ____ (get) home, I realized I ____(leave) my keys in the backpack.
要点6 leave 的用法
用法分析 leave v. 忘了带；丢下；让……处于(某种状态、某地等) (left，left)
leave 的具体用法：
leave+ 宾语+ 地点状语 把……忘在某地
leave sb. alone 把某人单独留下
Yesterday I left my schoolbag in the classroom. 昨天我把我的书包落在教室了。
Dad always makes sure it’s safe to leave me alone at home before he goes out.
爸爸出门前，总会确保把我一个人留在家里是安全的。
拓展：leave 与forget 都可表示“遗忘”，其区别如下：
leave 常与地点状语连用，表示将某物遗忘在某个地方。
forget 不与地点状语连用，表示忘记带某物。
Sorry. I forgot my English book. I left it at home. 对不起，我忘记带我的英语书了。我把它落在家里了。
【新题速递】1.1.I think I have ___B____ my key in the car.
A.forget B. left C.forgotten D.leave
2.I can’t find my keys. Maybe I ___A____ them at home this morning.
A.left B. forgot C.lost D.missed
5.My alarm clock didn’t go off !
要点7 go off 的用法(重点)
用法分析 go off (警报器等) 突然发出声响 动副短语，相当于ring。
I have set my alarm clock to go off at 7:00. 我已经把闹钟设置为七点响了。
拓展：go off 的其他词义：①离开 (机器) ②停止运行
③(食物、饮料) 变质，变坏 ④开火；爆炸
Many people went off to take a trip in Hainan during the Spring Festival. 春节期间很多人离开去海南旅行了。
In a smart home, the lights go on when you enter a room and they go off when you leave the room.
在智能家居中，当你进入房间时灯就会亮，当你离开房间时灯就会熄灭。
Meat goes off quickly in the hot weather. 肉在热天变坏得快。
The bomb went off in an abandoned factory. 炸弹在一个废弃的工厂里爆炸了。
含有off 的其他短语：①turn off 关闭(电源、灯光、设备等)
②take off(飞机等) 起飞；脱下(衣物)
③put off推迟(计划、会议等)
④cut off 切断(电源、水源、联系等)
⑤set off 出发
⑥fall off 跌落；减少；脱落
⑦pay off 付清(债务) ；取得成功；有回报
⑧show off 炫耀；卖弄
⑨get off 下车
【新题速递】1.Steve’s alarm didn’t ___B___, so he didn’t catch the train to Beijing in time.
A. put off B. go off
C. turn off D. get off
6.By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. 我回到学校时，铃已经响了。
要点8 ring 的用法
用法分析 ring在此处作不及物动词，意为“（钟、铃等）鸣；响”，其过去式为 rang ，过去分词为 rung 。ring还可作及物动词，意为“按（铃）；敲（钟）”。
The doorbell is ringing. 门铃响了。
Just ring the bell if you need the nurse. 你如果需要护士，按一下铃就可以了。
拓展
①ring作动词，还可意为“打电话”。
I’ll ring you up tomorrow. 明天我会打电话给你。
②ring还可作名词，意为“环；圈；戒指”。
My mother lost her ring last week. 上周妈妈丢了她的戒指。
【新题速递】
1.My boss told me that Mr.Zhang had rung (ring) me twice since lunchtime.
2.By the time the bell rang (ring),all the students had been back to the classroom.
7.How did the writer end up missing both events 作者最后如何躲过了这两件事？
要点9 end up 的用法
用法分析 end up意为“结束”，常用结构有：
At first I wanted to take a taxi, but I ended up walking here because of the heavy traffic. 起初我想乘出租车，但由于交通拥堵，我最终步行来到了这里。
The movie ends up with a beautiful song. 这部电影以一首优美动听的歌曲结束。
He worked very hard and ending up as an engineer. 他工作非常努力，最终成为了一名工程师。
【新题速递】
1.Because all the money had ran out,he ended up___A____his vacation at home.
A.spending　 B.spend　 C.spent　 D.to spend
2.Many April Fool’s jokes may end up being (be) not very funny.
8.I kept sleeping, and when I woke up it was already 8: 00 a.m.!
要点10 wake up 的用法
用法分析 wake up 醒来；唤醒 wake 的过去式为woke；过去分词为woken
①“醒来”，不及物动词短语，指自己醒来。后不接宾语。
The old usually wake up early. 老年人通常醒得早。
②“唤醒”，指把别人唤醒，动副结构短语，其宾语是代词时，代词放在wake 和up 中间。
The noise outside the room woke me up just now. 刚刚屋外的声音吵醒了我。
拓展：wake 的形容词形式是 awake，意为“醒着的”，在句中作表语。
Is she awake or asleep 她是醒着还是睡着？
If we wake up too late, our bodies might feel stuck between being asleep and being awake. That’s why sometimes we feel even more tired after oversleeping.
如果我们醒得太晚，我们的身体可能会感到困在睡眠和清醒之间。这就是为什么有时我们睡过头后会感到更累。
【新题速递】1.It was late. She opened the door quietly because she didn’t want to ___A___ her parents.
A. wake up B. cheer up C. get up D. take up
9.So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out of the door.
要点11 put on 的用法(高频)
用法分析 put on 穿上；戴上
后接表示衣服、鞋、帽子等的名词或代词作宾语，强调动作。反义短语为take off(摘掉；脱下) 。
Put on more clothes. It is cold outside in winter.多穿点衣服。冬天外面很冷。
put on 为动副短语，后接代词时，代词要放在put 与on 之间。
辨析: put on, dress, wear, have on 与be in
put on 强调动作，宾语是物，如：衣服、眼镜等。
dress 表示动作，宾语是人而不是物。
wear 强调状态，宾语是物，如：衣服、眼镜、饰品等。可用于进行时态。
have ...on 强调状态，宾语是物，不能用于进行时态。
be in 强调状态，后接表示颜色或衣物类的词，指穿什么(颜色的) 衣服。
拓展：put on 的其他常见用法：
(1) 发胖；增加(若干) 体重
Jenny put on 3 kilos during the Spring Festival. 珍妮在春节期间胖了3 公斤。
(2) 上演
They are going to put on a new play.他们将上演一出新戏。
知识积累:
turn on 打开
get on 上车
put on 穿上
depend on 依靠
【新题速递】1.When you ___C___ Mamianqun (horse-faced skirt) , you will sense the beauty of traditional Chinese clothing.
A. turn on B. get on C. put on D. depend on
要点12 rush out of... 的用法
用法分析 rush out of... 冲出……
Henry rushed out of the room and disappeared in the rain. 亨利冲出了房间，消失在雨中。
拓展：
① rush 作动词，意为“急促；仓促行事”。rush to do sth. 意为“急于做某事；抢着做某事”。
People rushed to buy vegetables in the supermarket. 人们抢着买超市里的菜。
②rush 还可作名词，意为“仓促；匆忙；繁忙；高峰期”。
When you’re in a rush, it’s easier to make mistakes. 你在匆忙之中更容易犯错。
He went out early so that he could avoid the rush hour. 为了避开交通高峰时间，他很早就出门了。
rush 作名词的常用短语：①in a rush 仓促；匆忙
②rush hour(上下班时的) 交通高峰期
③in the rush hour 在交通高峰期
【新题速递】1.铃声一响学生们就冲出了教室。
The students ____rushed____ ____out____ ____of____ the classroom as soon as the bell rang.
10.Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
要点13 give sb. a lift 的用法
用法分析 give sb. a lift 捎某人一程
lift 在此处用作名词， 意为“搭便车”。同义短语有 give sb. a ride 或offer sb. a ride。
Cindy, would you mind giving me a lift to work tomorrow morning 辛迪，你介意明天早上载我去上班吗？
When your classmates are in trouble，remember to give them a hand. 当你的同学遇到困难时，记得帮助他们。
“give sb. a+ 名词”结构的其他常见短语：
①give sb. a hand 给某人帮助
②give sb. a ring 给某人打电话
③give sb. a lesson 给某人一个教训
④give sb. a chance 给某人一个机会
【新题速递】1.我的车坏了。你能让我搭个便车吗？
My car is broken. Could you please ____give____ ____me____ ____a____ ____lift____
11.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
要点14 be about to do sth. 的用法
用法分析 be about to do sth. 刚要做某事; 即将做某事
表示动作马上就要发生，在时间上指最近的将来。
不能与immediately，tomorrow 等表示将来的时间状语连用，
但可与when 构成be about to do sth. when... 句型，意为“刚要做某事，这时……”，when 意为“这时”
The train is about to leave. 火车马上就要开了。
We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived. 我们正要离开，这时杰里来了。
“将要做某事”的表达：①be going to do sth.
②be to do sth.
③will/shall do sth.
Hurry up! The plane is about to take off. 快点！飞机就要起飞了。
I was about to go to bed last night when there was a knock on the door. 昨天晚上我正要上床睡觉，这时有敲门声。
【新题速递】1.—Why were you late for school this morning, Tom
—I was about to go to school ____D___ it began to rain.
since B. while C. as D. when
2.—Did Mrs. Smith call you yesterday
—Yes. I was about___C____for lunch when the telephone rang.
A. going out B. to going out C. to go out D.go out
要点15 decide to do sth. 的用法
用法分析 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 否定形式: decide not to do sth.
In order to make my life more colorful, I decide to take up a new hobby like painting or growing flowers when I am free.
为了让我的生活更加丰富多彩，我决定在我有空的时候培养一个新的爱好，比如画画或种花。
We decided not to go swimming because of the bad weather.由于天气不好我们决定不去游泳。
拓展：decide on 意为“决定; 选定”, 后接名词、代词或动词-ing。
Would you like to decide on another time 您要不要选定别的时间？
They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。
“决心做某事”的表达：① determine to do sth.
② make up one’s mind to do sth.
③ make a decision to do sth.
【新题速递】1.I’ve decided ____to stay____(stay) away from fried food and soft drinks since I had my medical exam.
2.The children decide___B____their school yard this Friday afternoon.
A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned
12.I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my office.
要点16 even though 的用法
用法分析 even though 即使，尽管
He went there alone even though he was a little frightened. 尽管他有点害怕，他还是独自去了那里。
even though不能与but连用。
even though为连词，引导让步状语从句。
辨析：even though 与even if
even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的, 主要用于引出不利于主句情况的信息, 相当于汉语的“尽管、虽然”。
even if 引导的从句往往是假设性的, 相当于汉语的“即使、纵然、就算、 哪怕”。
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管正在下雨，他还是出去了。
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
I will have a try even though/if I may fail. 哪怕失败，我也要试一下。
在实际运用中even though和even if 可互换。
【新题速递】1.I will never forget that car accident __C___ it happened so long ago.
A. until B. if C. even though
要点17 block 的用法
用法分析 block /bl k/, /blɑ k/ n. 街区
He walked around the block three times. 他绕着这个街区走了3 圈。
block 的其他词义：n.(方形平面) 大块；大楼
13.As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
要点18 in line with 的用法
用法分析 in line with 与……成一排 常用在动词wait，stand 等之后。
in line 的其他常用搭配：①wait in line 排队等候
②cut in line 插队
③stand in a line 站成一排
They waited in line with their family to enter the amusement park. 他们和家人一起在队伍中等候进入游乐园。
We’re supposed to wait in line. 我们应该排队等候。
It’s impolite to cut in line while shopping. 购物时插队是不礼貌的。
They stood in a line and went into the library. 他们站成一排，进入了图书馆。
拓展：be in line with... 与……一致，吻合
His ideas on the problem are in line with mine. 他在这个问题上的见解与我的一致。
【新题速递】1.我们应该排队等候上地铁。
We should ______wait in line________ to get on the subway.
14.We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building.
要点19 stare 的用法
用法分析 stare /ste /, /ster/ v. 盯着看; 凝视
stare 为不及物动词，后常接介词at，用来引出所注视的内容。
Every time you stare at your phone, you miss the chance to connect with another person.
每次你盯着手机(看时) ，你就错过了与他人(建立) 联系的机会。
辨析：stare 与look
stare 指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视, 有时含有无礼的意味。
look 指集中注意力看, 强调动作, 后接宾语时要加at, 也可单独使用, 以引起对方的注意。
It’s impolite to stare at others. 盯着别人是不礼貌的。
Please look at the picture. What can you see 请看图片。你能看到什么
拓展：stare 还可以作名词, 意为“凝视; 注视”。
She gave me a blank stare. 她面无表情地盯着我。
【新题速递】1.不要一直盯着别人看。
Don’t ________stare at__________ others all the time.
要点20 in disbelief 的用法
用法分析 in disbelief怀疑地，难以置信地
in disbelief 为固定短语，在句中作状语，常与stare at sb., shake one’s head 等搭配使用。
disbelief 是由否定前缀dis- 加belief 构成，是不可数名词，意为“不信；怀疑”。
Bill’s family stared at him in disbelief. 比尔的家人难以置信地盯着他。
“in+表示情感的名词”可用作状语，表示一种情感状态。常见的有：
①in anger 愤怒地
②in surprise 惊讶地
③in excitement 兴奋地
④in despair 绝望地
⑤in silence 沉默地
【新题速递】1.听到我的话，女孩一脸不信地停了下来。
Hearing my words, the girl stopped with a look of _____disbelief______ on her face.
2.The woman looked in 　B　　at the large pile of money on the table.
A.disbelieve　 B.disbelief　 C.belief　 D.believes
要点21 above 的用法(重点)
用法分析 above / 'b v/ prep. 在……上面 adv. 在上面
The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上方飞行。
作介词
Put it on the shelf above. 把它放在上面的搁板上。
作副词
辨析：above, over 与on
词义 两物体之间的关系 反义词
above 在……上方 不接触, 不垂直 below
over 在……正上方 不接触, 垂直 under
on 在……上面 有接触面 beneath
Simon’s room is above mine and it’s on the fifth floor. 西蒙的房间在我的上面，它在五楼。
There are two bridges over the river. 河上有两座桥。
There is a cup on the table. 桌子上有个杯子。
拓展：above 作介词时，还可意为“超过”，表示数量、数目等方面超过，
还可以表示在质量、重要性等方面超过。
Porcelain is fired at a temperature above1, 200℃. 瓷器在1200℃ 以上的温度下烧制。
The famous translator is above others in learning English. 这位著名的翻译家在学习英语方面优于他人。
【新题速递】1.The moon was a bove the tall tree in the east.
2.—I like the weather in Kunming.It’s warm all year long.
—Yes. And the temperature stays 　D　　zero all the time.
A.at　 B.below　 C.around　 D.above
要点22 burning 的用法
用法分析 burning /'b (r) n / adj. 着火的；燃烧的
Teachers are often compared to burning candles.教师们经常被比作燃烧的蜡烛。
Another burnt cake! But I’ve read the instructions and followed the steps you told me.
又是一个烧焦的蛋糕！但我已经阅读了说明书，并遵循了你告诉我的步骤。
特别提醒：burning 正在燃烧的，强调正在进行 burned/burnt 烧完了的，强调已经过去
拓展：
①burn 作动词, 意为“着火; 燃烧”, 既可作及物动词, 也可作不及物动词。(burnt, burnt; burned; burned)
Take care not to burn your fingers. 注意别烧着指头。
②burn 还可作名词, 意为“烧伤”。
If the burn is serious，call 120 or go to the hospital at once. 如果烧伤严重，拨打120 或立即去医院。
burn 的常见短语：burn out 烧坏 burn down 烧毁
【新题速递】1.Soon many people ran out of the _____burning________ (burn) building.
15.I felt lucky to be alive.
要点23 alive 的用法
用法分析 alive / 'la v/ adj. 活着; 有生气的
构词法记单词: 许多动词变形容词常在词首加a-，常见的有：
① a + live = alive 活着
② a + sleep = asleep 睡着的
③ a + wake = awake 醒着的
alive 的常见表达：
① bring sth. alive 使某物变得活跃
② keep sb./sth. alive 使某人或某物活着/继续存在
The colorful pictures in the book bring the animals alive for young readers.
书中的彩色图片让动物们对年轻读者来说栩栩如生。
Regular exercise helps keep your body and mind alive and healthy.
定期锻炼有助于使你的身体和精神保持活力与健康。
辨析：alive, living, live 与lively
alive 意为“活着; 有生气的”, 修饰人或动植物, 可作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语, 但不作前置定语。反义词为dead。
living 意为“活着的”, 修饰人或物, 可作表语或前置定语。作表语时相当于alive。
live 作形容词时，意为“活的”，通常指物不指人，作前置定语。它还可意为“现场直播的”。此时读作/la v/
lively 意为“活泼的；生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的”，修饰人或物，常描述人及其行为或活动，可作表语或定语。
They managed to stay alive after the terrible earthquake. 在可怕的地震之后，他们设法活了下来。
Water is very important for all living things in the world. 水对世界上所有的生物都很重要。
There will be no live wild lives in the world if we don’t protect their living environment.
如果我们不保护其生存环境，世界上就不会有活的野生生物了。
We watched a live television broadcast of the World Cup final. 我们观看了世界杯决赛的电视现场直播。
Miss Wang always has a lot of ways to make her classes lively and interesting.
王老师总是有很多办法使她的课堂生动有趣。
【新题速递】1.1.Mr.Zhang has a strange way of making his classes A and interesting.
A.lively B.live C.alive D.living
2.Life must go on since I was A still .
A.alive B.lively C.live D.living
3.It’s a pity that few young people are willing to learn about iron painting, so we should try our best to keep it ___A___.
A. alive B. real C. secret D. fresh
4.We didn’t know whether the tree was dead or alive (live).
16.What bad luck!此句是what 引导的感叹句，what 后接名词，名词前加形容词bad。这里省略了主语和谓语。
用法分析 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子，通常由what 或how 引导。
感叹句的用法口诀：
感叹句很简单，what, how 放句前；
how 后跟形或副，what 后把名词连；
名词如果是单数，前面冠词a 或an；
主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见。
what 引导 感叹句 What+a/ an+ 形容词+ 可数名词单数(+ 主语+ 谓语) ！ What a beautiful season autumn is! 秋天是一个多么美丽的季节啊！
What+ 形容词+ 可数名词复数或不可数名词(+ 主语+ 谓语) ！ What valuable suggestions you gave me! 你给了我多么宝贵的建议啊！ What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！
how 引导 感叹句 How+ 形容词或副词(+主语+ 谓语) ！ How clean the classroom is! 教室多干净啊！
How+ 主语+ 谓语！ How time flies! 时光飞逝！
拓展：what 引导的感叹句可以与how 引导的感叹句进行同义句转换。
What an interesting movie it is! = How interesting the movie is! 多么有趣的电影啊！
【新题速递】
1.—___D___ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves!
—I’m glad you had a good time.
What B. How C. How a D. What a
2.___B__ amazing it is! The Shenzhou-17 members raise fish for the first time in the Tiangong space station.
A. What B. How C. What an
17.The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day.
要点24 till 的用法
用法分析 till /t l/ prep.& conj. 到; 直到
till 既作介词也作连词，相当于until，作连词时，引导时间状语从句，具体的用法有：
①用在肯定句中，句中(主句) 的谓语动词用延续性动词，表示该动作或状态一直持续到till/ until 所表示的时间为止。
I’ll wait till five o’clock. 我会等到五点。(介词)
I will keep studying till I understand the concept completely. 我将继续学习，直到我完全理解这个概念为止。(连词)
②用在否定句中，句中(主句) 的谓语动词用短暂性动词，表示该动作或状态直到till/ until 所表示的时间才发生。常用于not... till/until... 结构，意为“直到……才……”。
We didn’t leave the party until/till midnight.我们直到午夜才离开聚会。(介词)
We didn’t know the result till/until the match finished.(连词) 直到比赛结束我们才知道结果。
拓展：till 一般不用于句首，也不用在以not 开头的短语或从句里，而until 常用。
Until now I have always lived alone.直到现在我一直独自生活。
Not until 9:00 yesterday evening did we finish the work.直到昨晚9 点，我们才完成这项工作。
【新题速递】1.Don’t trouble trouble _______until/till________ (直到) trouble troubles you.
2.You will never truly understand your parents’ great love ___A___ you grow up.
A. until B. if C. since D. as
3.—I must go home.
—If you must, at least wait 　C　 the rain stops.
A. since B. as C. till D.before
4.We are leaving tomorrow. We won't be back ___C____ next Thursday.
A.after B.since C.until D.when
18.My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.
要点25 turn into 的用法
用法分析 turn into 变成
When ice melts, it turns into water. 冰融化后会变成水。
Solar panels take energy from the sun and turn it into electricity.太阳能电池板从太阳获取能量并将其转化为电能。
turn A into B 意为“把A 变成B”
辨析：turn into 与change into
turn into 既指形式上的改变, 也指状态上和本质上的改变。
change into 强调外在形式上的改变。
She turned into a successful businesswoman after years of hard work. 经过多年的努力，她变成了一位成功的女商人。
She is changing into her swimsuit for the beach. 她正在换泳衣准备去海边。
turn 构成的短语：
① turn on 打开
② turn up(把音量) 调高
③ turn in 上交
④ turn off 关掉
⑤ turn down(把音量) 调低；拒绝
⑥ turn over 翻身；翻转
⑦ turn left/ right 左转/右转
【新题速递】1.The Monkey King is not a normal monkey, he can ___C___ himself _____ different animals and objects.
A. turn; off B. turn; up C. turn; into
19.west
要点26 west 的用法
用法分析 west /west/ adv. 向西；朝西adj. 向西的；西部的 n. 西；西方
This room faces west. 这个房间朝西。
We have been planning to visit the west coast of France.我们一直计划着去游览法国西海岸。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
20.dead
要点27 dead 的用法
用法分析 dead /ded/ adj. 死的；失去生命的 在句中作定语或表语。 the dead 死者。
敲黑板: 表示“去世多长时间”要用“have/has been dead for + 时间段”或“died +时间段+ ago”。
We had come to a dead end in our research. 我们的研究工作已陷入绝境。
His father has been dead for two years. 他爸爸去世两年了。
Some festivals are held to honor the dead. 一些节日是为了纪念死者而举办的。
辨析：dead, die, death 与dying
dead 强调的是“死”的状态，意为“死的；失去生命的”，是形容词， 作表语或定语。反义词为alive，意为“活着的”。
die 强调的是“死”的动作，是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用。若和时间段连用，要用be dead。
death 名词，意为“死；死亡”。
dying die 的现在分词，也可用作形容词，表示“垂死的；临死的”，常用作定语或表语。
The dying old man lies in bed, thinking of his dead army comrade who died for the people’s liberation,
and he thinks it’s a worthy death.
这位奄奄一息的老人躺在床上，想起了为人民的解放而牺牲的战友, 并认为其死得其所。
【新题速递】1.Although the old tree in the yard is ___D___ now, I still miss the days when I grew up with it.
A. short B. pretty C. strong D. dead
21.The teacher collected the math homework.
要点28 collect 的用法
用法分析 collect /k 'lekt/ v. 收集 → collection n. 收藏品 → collector n. 收藏家；收藏者
My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China and the beginning of the traditional Chinese poetry.
《诗经》是中国最早的诗集，是中国传统诗歌的开端。
A famous collector will give us a talk. 一位著名的收藏家将给我们做一次演讲。
【新题速递】1.Linda likes to ___A__ pens and she has had all kinds of pens so far.
A. collect B. throw C. lose D. give
22.When she ____ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
要点29 forget to do sth. 的用法
用法分析 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
辨析：forget to do sth. 与forget doing sth.
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(事情未做) 。
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事情已做) 。
He was so excited that he forgot to introduce himself.
他太激动了以至于忘记介绍自己了。
Mary dances very well. I’ll never forget seeing her dance for the first time.
玛丽舞跳得很好。我永远也不会忘记第一次看她跳舞(的情景) 。
拓展：remember 为forget 的反义词, 它的用法与forget 相同。
remember to do sth. 记得要做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
【新题速递】1.To save energy, don’t forget ___C___ the light before you leave the room.
A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn off
23.Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he ____ the building.
要点30 get the chance to do sth. 的用法
用法分析 get the chance to do sth. 得到做某事的机会
get (have) a chance to do sth. =get (have) a chance of (doing) sth.得到做某事的机会，其中chance 作名词，意为“机会”。
含chance 的其他常见短语： lose a chance 失去机会
take a chance 冒险
by chance 偶然地
Li Ming hopes to get a chance to raise the national flag on the playground. 李明希望有机会在操场上升国旗。
If you work hard and believe in yourself, you can have a chance to succeed.
如果你努力工作并且相信自己，你就有机会成功。
24.By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already shown up. 我到达聚会时，其他所有人都已经赶到了。
要点31 show up 的用法
用法分析 show up意为“出现；露面” 是不及物动词短语，后面不跟宾语，相当于appear。
He didn’t show up at the party last night. 他没有出席昨晚的宴会。
【拓展延伸】show的其他常见短语：
show off ____炫耀_______ show sb. around __带某人参观__
show sb. sth=show sth to sb __向某人展示某物__
【新题速递】
1.—It’s everyone’s duty to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign.
—Sure. We should try to ___B___all the food that we’ve ordered.
A.give up B.eat up C.turn up D.show up
2.We were surprised that he didn't ___D____at his birthday party.
A. put up B. come out C. show around D. show up
25.By the end of the school day, ________
要点32 by the end of 的用法
用法分析 by the end of 在(某时间点) 以前
by the end of 与表示时间的名词连用, 通常根据by the end of 之后时间的不同, 句子选用相应的时态：
①接表示将来的时间, 句子用一般将来时。
By the end of next month, I will finish reading the book. 到下个月底, 我将读完这本书。
②接表示现在的时间，句子用现在完成时。
By the end of this week, my sister has learned five English songs. 到这周末，我妹妹已经学了五首英文歌曲。
③接表示过去的时间，句子用过去完成时。
By the end of last year, thousands of trees had been planted in this city.
到去年年底，这个城市有成千上万棵树已被种植。
辨析：by the end of, at the end of 与in the end
by the end of “在……之前”, 仅指时间。
at the end of “在……结束时；在……尽头”, 指时间或地点。 强调一段时间的结束点或某段路程的终止处。
in the end “最后；终于”, 位于句首或句末, 表示事情已结束。
By the end of last year, they had seen six English films. 到去年年底，他们已经看了六部英文电影。
My father always waits for me at the end of the road. 我父亲总是在路的尽头等我。
What decision did she make in the end 最后她做了什么决定？
【新题速递】
1.—打扰一下，我可以借这本书吗？ —当然可以，但你必须在这学期末还回来。
—Excuse me, can I borrow this book
—Sure, but you must return it ____by____ ____the____ ____end____ ____of____ this term.
单元语法讲练
语法精讲
过去完成时
一、语法概述
过去完成时由“助动词had（用于各种人称和数）+过去分词”构成，表示某动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
二、过去完成时的句式结构
肯定句 主语+had+过去分词+其他. Most of the guests had left when she arrived at the party.大多数客人在她到达聚会时已经离开了。
否定句 主语+hadn’t+过去分词+其他. By 9:00 yesterday evening, he hadn’t gotten home. 昨晚直到9点钟，他还没到家。
一般疑问句 及其答语 Had+主语+过去分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+had. 否定回答：No, 主语+hadn’t. —Had Simon finished his homework before he watched TV 在看电视之前西蒙完成他的作业了吗？ —Yes, he had.是的，他完成了。 No, he hadn’t. 不，他没有完成。
【即学即用】按要求完成句子，每空一词
1.Mike had learned five Chinese songs by the end of the term.(改为否定句)
Mike __hadn’t___ __learned___ five Chinese songs by the end of the term.
2.By the time you arrived, they had finished the project.(对画线部分提问)
__What____ ___had____ they done by the time you arrived
3.He had lived in the town for six years before I moved here.(对画线部分提问)
__How____ ___long___ ___had____ he lived in the town before you moved here
三、过去完成时的用法
1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，常与by、before等构成的表示时间的短语连用。
在表示过去某一动作或状态的句子中，常出现与完成时态连用的词，如：already, yet, since, for, ever, never 及表次数的词，此时句子常用过去完成时。
By the time I went outside, the rain had already stopped. 我走到外面时，雨已经停了。
He threw it into the sea before he realized what he had done. 在他意识到他所做的事情之前，他已经把它扔进了海里。
常用在said、told、knew、heard、realized等后面的宾语从句中。
过去完成时经常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作发生
He said that he had worked in that factory for ten years. 他说他已经在那家工厂工作了十年。
I suddenly realized that I had left my ID card at home. 我突然意识到我把身份证忘在家里了。
3.在含有when、before等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果从句的时态为一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。
The concert had ended when she arrived there. 当她到达那里时，音乐会已经结束了。
She had learned English before she came to America. 她来美国之前学过英文。
4.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到，因此可通过分析语境来确定时态。
I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
我昨天在街上碰见了吉姆，自从他去北京以后，我们彼此就没有见过面。
I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。
【即学即用】
1.She____A____5,000 English words by the time she was 15.
A.had learned　 B.has learned　 C.learned　 D.learns
2.When she____D____at school,she realized she_________her homework at home.
A.arrived;left　 B.had arrived;had left C.had arrived;left　 D.arrived;had left
3.Since we began to use the Internet, our lives____D____a lot.
A.change B.had changed C.will change D.have changed
4.Tom found that the train ___D____ when he ________ at the station.
A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived
5.By the time the bell　rang　 (ring), all the students had been back to the classroom.
6.By the time Linda got up, her father had already　gotten　 (get) in the shower.
7.By 9 o’clock last night, we　had gotten (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship.
四、不用过去完成时的几种情况
1.句中有yesterday、last year、in 1990、three years ago等明确表示过去的时间状语时，常用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。
He said his grandpa died in 1999. 他说他的爷爷是1999年去世的。
Freddie bought a bicycle three days ago. 弗雷迪三天前买了一辆自行车。
2.叙述过去连续发生的两件及两件以上的事情时，虽然时间上有先后之别，但仍用一般过去时。
They decided to stay there, so they built their house and got married. 他们决定留在那儿，所以他们建了房子，并结了婚。
3.在包含before、after、when、until、as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果主句的动作和从句的动作紧接着发生，那么主、从句均使用一般过去时。
Where did you study before you came here 你来这儿之前在哪儿学习？
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下就拿出了英语书。
语法小测
一、单项选择
1.—Did you see Tom at the airport
—No. His plane D by the time I there.
A. has taken off; got B. took off; had got C. took off; got D. had taken off; got
2.She said she D the story already.
A. has read B. read C. will read D. had read
3.When I got to the train station, the train ___B____ for ten minutes.
A.had left B.had been away C.has left D.has been away
4. By the time the police got to the super market, the thief ___D____.
A.went B.have gone C.has gone D.had gone
5.—Did you catch the first subway this morning
—No, I didn't. It had started moving ___A____ I could get on it.
A.before B.since C.after D.as soon as
6.When she ___B___ up, she realized that she________.
A. woke up; has overslept B. woke up; had overslept
C. wake up; had overslept D.wake up; has overslept
7.Mr. Black ___C____his keys in the office, so he had to wait until his wife ________ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; comes
8.—Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday
—Because I ___C____ it before.
A. see B. have seen C. had seen D.saw
9.How long ___B____ the film ________ when you got to the cinema
A. has; been on B. had; been on C. had; begun D.has; begun
10.—Why didn't you give the wallet to the man at once
—Because he ___C____before I realized it was his.
A. had been disappeared B. has disappeared C. had disappeared D. has been disappeared
11.By the time I ___C____up, my brother________ in the shower. I had to wait for him.
A.wake; got B.woke; has gotten C.woke; had gotten D.wake; has gotten
12.They were surprised to find that the flower ___A____ before they arrived.
A.had come out B.came out C.was coming out D.would come out
13.She had written a number of books ___C____ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
14.They ___B____ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
15.The train from Beijing ___C____ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Before we arrived at the party, Mr. Brown __had left__ (leave) the room.
2.By the time I ___walked____(walk) into the store,someone had bought the jeans I wanted.
3.We __had painted___(paint) the house before we moved in.
4.Tom said he ___had read_____(read) the book twice.
5.My mother ___had come_____(come) back from the market when I ____got_____(get) up.
6.I had turned off all the lights before I ____went_____ (go) to bed.
7.They __had studied___(study) the map of the country before they left.
8.By the time I got there yesterday , the meeting ___had begun____(begin).
Section B教材要点精析
1.fool
要点1 fool 的用法
用法分析 fool /fu l/ n. 蠢人; 傻瓜 v. 愚弄
①作名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”。
Are you trying to make a fool of me 你是在捉弄我吗？
②作动词，意为“欺骗；愚弄”。fool sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事。
Don’t be fooled into thinking they’re going to change anything. 别上当受骗，以为他们打算作出任何改变。
拓展：fool 对应的形容词为foolish，意思为“愚蠢的；傻的”。
It’s foolish of you to give up your friendship. 你放弃你们的友谊是愚蠢的。
The fool does think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool.
愚者自以为聪明，智者则以愚者自居。【谚】
【新题速递】
1.I felt like a f ool when I realized my mistake.
2.embarrassed
要点2 embarrassed 的用法
用法分析 embarrassed / m'b r st/ adj. 窘迫的；害羞的
embarrassed 常用来表达人的主观感受，在句中作表语。常与介词about 或at 连用，表示“因……而感到窘迫”。
Li Ming felt embarrassed at his own behavior. 李铭对自己的行为感到尴尬。
拓展：embarrassed 的相关词：
embarrass v. 使尴尬→ embarrass sb. 使某人尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 修饰事或物，在句中作定语或表语。
embarrassment n. 尴尬
Today is an embarrassing day. Everyone smiled at me. That made me embarrassed. Soon I realized that I had worn my jacket inside out. What an embarrassment!
今天是令人尴尬的一天。所有人都冲着我笑。那让我很尴尬。不久，我意识到自己把夹克衫穿反了。真尴尬啊！
【新题速递】
1.At that moment everyone stared at me in disbelief. You can’t imagine how ___C___ I was.
A. relaxed B. bored
C. embarrassed D. outgoing
2.Don’t mention it,OK It’s the most 　B　 thing in my life!
A.embarrassed　 B.embarrassing C.happy D.exciting
3.My most 　B　 moment was trying to introduce a person whose name I couldn't remember. Every time this kind of thing happens, I feel 　　　 .
A.embarrassing; embarrassing B.embarrassing; embarrassed
C.embarrassed; embarrassed D.embarrassed; embarrassing
4.He felt _embarrassed_(embarrass) when he heard the _embarrassing_ (embarrass) news.
3.get dressed
要点3 get dressed 的用法
用法分析 get dressed 穿上衣服
get dressed 相当于put on clothes。
It’s 6 a. m. You have to hurry up and get dressed. 现在是早上六点。你得快点穿好衣服。
The man is dressed in a black sports suit today. 这个男人今天穿着黑色的运动套装。
【新题速递】
1.I took a quick shower and got ____dressed_____ (dress) .
4.stayed up all night
要点4 stay up 的用法 (高频)
用法分析 stay up 熬夜 stay up 不能用于被动语态。
stay up 为不及物动词短语, 后不接宾语。stay up late 熬夜到很晚。
To finish the order, all the stuff stayed up late. 为了完成订单，全体人员熬夜到很晚。
拓展：stay up doing sth. “熬夜做某事”。
My mother often stays up working. 我妈妈经常熬夜工作。
stay 的相关短语有：
① stay at home 待在家里
② stay out 待在外面
③ stay away from 远离
④ stay calm 保持冷静
⑤ stay with...同……待在一起
⑥ stay behind 留下来
【新题速递】
1.尽管你对这部电视剧感兴趣，但是你最好不要熬夜看。
Although you are interested in this TV drama，you’d better not ___stay____ ___up____ late to watch it.
4.the other kids showed up
要点4 the other 的用法
用法分析 the other 其余的
① the other + 复数名词，意为“其余的……”。特指某范围内剩余的全部。
The other students are working as volunteers at the old people’s home. 其他学生正在养老院做志愿者。
② the other + 单数名词，(两者中的) 另一个，表示特指。
We came to the other side of the road. 我们来到路对面。
拓展：other 还可作代词，常用于one... the other... 结构，表示两者中的“一个……另一个……”。
He has two computers. One is used for studying, and the other is used for working.
他有两台电脑。一台用于学习，另一台用于工作。
other 的其他常见搭配：
on the other hand 另一方面
in other words 换句话说
辨析：the other, another, other, others 与the others
the other 特指“两者中的另一个”, 常与one搭配构成one... the other... 一个……另一个……。
another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”, 后接单数名词。
other 泛指“别的; 其他的”, 后常接复数名词或不可数名词。
others 泛指“其他的人或物”, 后不接名词。结构：some... others... 一些……另一些……。
the others 特指“某一范围内的另外的人或物”。结构：some... the others... 一些……其余的……
【新题速递】
1.—I can’t find my shoes. Where are they, Mom
—Oh, one is under the bed, and ___A____ is behind the door.
A. the other B. others C. another
5.April Fool’s Day is a celebration （that takes place in different countries around the world.）
句子分析 先行词 ↓ 从句谓语 状语
引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，代指先行词a celebration
(1) that 引导的定语从句
Do you know the girl that comes from China 你认识那个来自中国的女孩吗？
that指人，作定语从句的主语
I lost the pen that my mother bought for me on my birthday. 我丢了生日那天我妈妈给我买的钢笔。
that 指物，作定语从句的宾语
that 引导定语从句时常常在定语从句中作主语或宾语，that 指人或物。
拓展：that 也可以引导宾语从句，但that 在宾语从句中不作任何句子成分，仅起连接作用，无意义。
Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference. 记住每个人都可以做一些事情来产生影响。
【新题速递】
1.— I’ll never forget the experiences ___C___ we had in the volunteer work last summer.
—Me neither. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
A. when B. who C. that
要点5 take place 的用法
用法分析 take place 举行 take place 的主语不能是人，其后不接宾语，不能用于被动语态。
The Olympic Games take place every four years. 奥林匹克运动会每四年举办一次。
拓展：take place 还可意为“发生”，与happen 的区别如下：
take place 表示事先安排或有准备的事情或活动的发生，无被动语态。
happen 往往表示偶然的、没预料的事情的发生，无被动语态。
Great changes have taken place there and my hometown has become more and more beautiful.
那里发生了巨大的变化并且我的家乡变得越来越漂亮了。
The traffic accident happened at 4:00 on Monday afternoon.
这起交通事故发生在周一下午四点。
【新题速递】1.越野比赛通常在各种天气条件下进行，无论炎热还是寒冷。
Cross-country races usually ___take____ ___place____ in all weather conditions, hot or cold.
6.One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti.
要点6 announce 的用法
用法分析 announce / 'na ns/ v. 宣布；宣告
announce 后面接名词或宾语从句，侧重“宣布”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻类的消息。
They have announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper. 他们已在报纸上宣布了他们结婚的日期。
The radio announcer said it was nine o’clock. 电台播音员报时九点整。
The president will make an important announcement. 总统将要发表一项重要公告。
announce 的词形变化：
announcer n. 播音员，节目主持人
announcement n. 通告，公告，布告
【新题速递】1.—Which team will enter the final of the basketball competition
—No one can know the result until it ________is announced__________ (宣告) tomorrow morning.
6....all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out.
要点6 sell out 的用法
用法分析 sell out 卖光, 售完
“动词+out”短语： put out 扑灭
leave out 遗漏 blow out 被(风等) 吹灭
give out 分发 bring out 使显现
find out 查明；弄清楚 work out 计算出；解决
是“动词+ 副词”结构短语，后接人称代词作宾语时，人称代词应放在sell 与out 之间；
后接名词作宾语时，名词既可位于两者之间，又可以位于out 之后。
These books are very popular. We’ve sold them out. 这些书很受欢迎，我们已经把它们卖完了。
The tickets to the concert were sold out within hours. 演唱会的门票在几小时之内被卖光了。
【新题速递】1.今天上午，这家商店的所有面包都被卖光了。
All the bread in this store _____was sold out_______ this morning.
7.In another famous trick a TV show in England reported the discovery of special water.
要点7 discovery 的用法
用法分析 discovery /d 'sk v ri/ n. 发现；发觉
discovery 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。其后常接of 短语或that引导的同位语从句。
discovery的常用短语有：
① the discovery of... ……的发现
② make a discovery 有发现
The first Nobel Prize was presented to a German scientist for the discovery of rays.
第一个诺贝尔奖被授予了一位德国科学家，因为射线的发现。
Our teacher told us an exciting discovery that there are many kinds of animals in the deep sea.
我们老师告诉我们一个令人兴奋的发现：深海里有许多种类的动物。
拓展：discovery 的词形变化：
discover v. 发现
discoverer n. 发现者
Everyone wanted to meet the discoverer who discovered the new island. 每一个人都想见一下那个新岛屿的发现者。
辨析：discover 与invent
discover 指第一次发现，原本存在，只是过去不被人知道。
invent 意为“发明”，指创造或发明出原来不存在的新事物。
【新题速递】1.The d iscovery/discoveries of ancient objects while digging can tell us a lot about the history.
8.He asked her to marry him.
要点8 marry 的用法
用法分析 marry /'m ri/ v. 嫁；结婚；把……嫁给
When did Rick ask you to marry him 里克什么时候向你求婚的？
The mother married her daughter to a gentleman. 这位母亲把女儿嫁给了一位绅士。
marry 的常见用法：
① marry sb. 嫁给某人，与某人结婚
② marry A to B 把A 嫁给B
特别提醒：marry 和get married 为短暂性动词(短语) ，当表示“结婚一段时间”时要用be married。
拓展：get married 结婚 get/be married to sb. 与某人结婚
Tony and Jane got married many years ago. = Tony married Jane many years ago.
= Jane got married to Tony many years ago. 很多年前托尼和简就结婚了。
How long have the couple been married 那对夫妇结婚多长时间了？
Jane has been married to Tony for many years. 简和托尼结婚很多年了。
【新题速递】1.Cathy’s parents got married twenty-five years ago. (改为同义句)
Cathy’s parents _________have been__________ married for twenty-five years.
9.The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was canceled.
要点9 cancel 的用法
用法分析 cancel /'k nsl/ v. 取消；终止
cancel 为及物动词, 主语多是人, 后接名词或代词作宾语, 也可用于被动结构。
The customer called to cancel the order. 这位顾客打电话来取消订单。
Hard work will cancel out all your shortcomings. 努力学习将会抵消你所有的短板。
Our sports meeting will be canceled if the rain doesn’t stop. 如果雨不停，我们的运动会将被取消。
cancel 的常用短语：① cancel the order 取消订单
② cancel out 抵消
③ the cancel button of the keyboard 键盘的取消按钮
【新题速递】1.My brother’s flight was __________canceled/cancelled__________ (取消) because of the bad weather.
10.In that month in 1938, actor Orson Welles announced on his radio program that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth.
要点10 land 的用法
用法分析 land /l nd/ v. 着陆；降落
land 在此处用作不及物动词，意为“着陆；降落”，反义词组为take off，意为“起飞”。
Be careful! The plane is going to land on the airport. 小心点! 飞机马上要降落于飞机场了。
拓展：
(1) land 还可作及物动词，意为“使着陆，使降落”。
The pilot landed the plane safely. 飞行员使飞机安全着陆。
(2) land 还可作不可数名词，意为“陆地；大地”。
The elephant is the biggest animal on land. 大象是陆地上最大的动物。
Are you going by land or by sea 你是从陆地上走还是从海上走？
Generally speaking, a plane can only land on land, not on the sea. 一般来说，飞机只能降落在陆地上，不能在海上。
land 作名词的常用搭配：by land 陆路
on land 陆地上
【新题速递】1.To our great joy, the astronauts of the Shenzhou-17 crew (乘组) l anded safely back to the earth as planned in April, 2024.
11.Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country.
要点11 hundreds of 的用法
用法分析 hundreds of 数百的，成百上千的
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. Hundreds of visitors come here on weekends.
我们的家乡变得越来越美丽。周末有成百上千的游客来这里。
类似的短语还有: thousands of 数以千计的
millions of 数以百万计的
billions of 数以十亿计的
拓展：hundred(百) ，thousand(千) ，million(百万) ，billion(十亿) 等数词的用法：
基数词+hundred/ thousand/million/... hundred/thousand等用单数形式，且不可与of连用 这两种情况后都跟可数名词的复数形式，作主语时，其后的谓语动词均用复数形式
hundreds/thousands/ millions/...of 前面不可加具体的数词，hundred/thousand等要用复数形式，且of不可省略
(1) 当前面有具体数字修饰，表示确切数目时，其后不加-s，也不和of连用。
five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千
(2) 若表示一个不确切的数目，即模糊数目，前面没有具体数字，其后要加-s，而且须与of 连用。
hundreds of students 数百名学生
速记小法: hundred，thousand，million，billion 的用法：
-s，of 不分家，遇到数字全拿下。
模糊数字两有(有-s，有of) ，
具体数字两无(无-s，无of) 。
【新题速递】1.Two ___C___ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ______ it.
A．hundreds; to buy B．hundreds; buy C．hundred; to buy
12.Why did the supermarkets run out of spaghetti one April Fool’s Day
要点12 run out of 的用法
用法分析 run out of 用完；耗尽
辨析：run out of 与 run out
run out of 用完； 耗尽 是及物动词短语，其主语通常是人，其后可直接跟宾语。
run out 用完； 耗尽 是不及物动词短语，其主语通常是time、money 等无生命的事物。其后不接宾语。
I’ve run out of all my paper. Can you lend some to me 我所有的纸都用完了。你能借我一些吗？
Time is running out. 时间不多了。
Don’t run out of hope, for it is the last thing you should ever lose.不要失去希望，因为它是你最不应该失去的东西。
13.Which of these stories is the most believable
要点13 believable 的用法
用法分析 believable /b 'li v bl/ adj. 可相信的；可信任的
believable 由believe(v. 相信) 去e + -able(形容词后缀) 构成。其比较级为more believable，最高级为most believable。
This book is full of believable and interesting characters. 这本书里充满了可信且有趣的角色。
构词法记单词: -able 是形容词后缀，表示“可……的；能……的；具有……性质的”。
类似的形容词有：comfortable 使人舒服的
reasonable 有理由的
valuable 宝贵的
格言谚语记单词: Truths are always believable.真理总是可信的。
拓展：believable 的相关词：believe v. 相信
belief n. 信心；信念
unbelievable adj. 难以相信的；难以置信的
You can believe in the young man. He is believable. 你可以相信这个年轻人。他是可信的。
It’s unbelievable that he did it by himself. 他自己做了那件事，真是令人难以置信。
【新题速递】1.I don’t think some online dictionaries are believable . There are many incorrect usages that can make us confused.
14.By the time people ________ (find out) the story was not true, all the spaghetti in the supermarkets ________ (disappear) .
要点14 disappear 的用法
用法分析 disappear /d s 'p / v. 消失；不见
disappear 为不及物动词，一般指具体、有形的事物突然或逐渐不见，强调“看不见了”“不存在了” 的结果。
disappear的相关词：disappearance n. 消失
appear v. 出现
appearance n. 出现
The sun disappeared behind the clouds. 太阳消失在云后。
The mystery of her disappearance was never solved. 她的失踪之谜一直没有解开。
When the night falls, the stars appear. 夜幕降临时，星星出现了。
【新题速递】1.Although more people are trying e-books, I believe paper books will not ___A___.
A. disappear B. increase
C. develop D. spread
15.As I was heading ______, I saw a huge truck in the middle of the road.
要点15 in the middle of... 的用法
用法分析 in the middle of... 在……中间 既指时间也指地点
We have lunch at school in the middle of the day.我们中午在学校吃午饭。
Do you know the man who is standing in the middle of the hall 你认识那位站在大厅中间的男士吗？
辨析：middle 与center
middle 指“空间、时间或过程的两端间等距离的部分”；也指“中等程度”。
center 只用于空间, 可指圆和球体的中心；也可用于比喻意义, 指某个场合或学术、工农、政治、经济中心。
与middle 相关的其他短语： the Middle Ages 中世纪
middle school students 中学生
middle age 中年
The table is in the middle of the living room. 桌子在客厅的中间。
Beijing is the political, economic and cultural center of China. 北京是中国的政治、经济和文化中心。
【新题速递】1.A policeman is standing _______in the middle of_________ (在……中间) the road directing the traffic.
16.However, I ______ the road that led to the mall.
要点16 lead 的用法
用法分析 lead /li d/ v. 通向；引路；导致 (lead-led-led)
lead 的一词多义：①通向
②引领；带路 → lead one’s way 带路；领路
③导致
④领导；指挥
⑤过（某种生活）→ lead a/an... life 过一种……的生活
Please tell me what place the road leads to. 请告诉我这条路通向什么地方。
The guide led us through the forest. 导游带领我们穿过森林。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
Who is going to lead our band 谁来指挥我们的乐队？
Now all the old people lead a happy life. 现在所有的老人们都过着愉快的生活。
【新题速递】1.Electrical appliances（电器）can ____lead to_____（导致） a fire, so check them often to make sure they are working properly.
17.Why didn’t you hand in your science homework
要点17 hand in 的用法
用法分析 hand in 上交 动副结构短语
You must hand in all the materials before next Friday. 你必须在下周五之前上交所有材料。
When picking up someone else’s lost things, we are supposed to hand them in.
捡到别人丢失的物品时，我们应该把它们上交。
Could you help me hand out the papers 你能帮助我分发试卷吗？
与hand 相关的其他短语：①hand out 分发
②hand over 移交
③by hand 手工
④give... a hand 帮助 ……
【新题速递】1.—Eric, I found a watch on the playground.
— You’d better go to the Lost and Found Office and __A___.
A. hand it in B. turn it down C. look it upUnit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
一、单词（英译汉）预习用
1.unexpected adj.______________
2. backpack n.______________
3. oversleep v.______________
4. block n.______________
5. worker n.______________
6. stare v.______________
7. disbelief n.______________
8.above prep._________ adv._____
9.burn v.______________
10.burning adj.______________
11.alive adj.______________
12.airport n.______________
13.till prep.&conj.______________ 14.west adv._________adj.__________n.________
15.cream n.______________
16.workday n.______________
17.pie n.______________
18.bean n.______________
19.market n.______________
20.fool n._________v._____
21.costume n.______________
22.embarrassed adj.______________
23.announce v.______________
24.spaghetti n.______________
25.hoax n.______________
26.discovery n.______________
27. lady n.______________
28.cancel v.______________
29.officer n.______________
30.believable adj.______________
31.disappear v.______________
32.embarrassing adj.______________
二、单词（汉译英）学后测试用
1.adj.出乎意料的;始料不及的______________
2.n.背包;旅行包_________________
3. v. (overslept, overslept)睡过头;睡得太久_________________
4.n.街区_________________
5.n.工作者;工人_________________
6.v.盯着看;凝视_________________
7.n.不信;怀疑_________________
8.prep.在...上面adv.在上面________________
9.v.(burnt,burnt;burned;burned)着火;燃烧_____
10.adj.着火的;燃烧的_________________
l1.adj.活着;有生气的_________________
12.n.机场_________________
13.prep.&conj.到;直到_________________
14.adv.向西;朝西adj向西的;西部的n西;西方______ 15.n.奶油;乳脂_________________
16.n.工作日_________________
17.n.果馅饼;果馅派_________________
18.n.豆;豆荚_________________
19.n.市场;集市_________________
20.n.蠢人;傻瓜v.愚弄_________________
21.n.(特定场合穿的)服装;装束_____________
22.adj.窘迫的;害羞的_________________
23.v.宣布;宣告_________________
24.n.意大利面条_________________
25.n.骗局;恶作剧_________________
26.n.发现;发觉_________________
27.n.女士;女子_________________
28.v.取消;终止_________________
29.n.军官;官员_________________
30.adj.可相信的;可信任的_________________
31.v.消失;不见_________________
32.adj.使人害羞的(难堪的或惭愧的)_________________
三、短语（英译汉）预习用
1. be full of_________________
2. by the time_________________
3. leave sth.in..._________________
4. walk into_________________
5. be late for class_________________
6. go off_________________
7. wake up_________________
8.put on_________________
9. rush out of_________________
10.give... a lift_________________
11. at least_________________
12. arrive at_________________
13. be about to do sth._________________
14.go up_________________
15.even though_________________
16. in line with_________________
17. stare at_________________
18. in disbelief_________________
19. take off_________________
20. wait in line_________________
21.show up_________________
22.find out_________________
23. by the end of_________________
24. get dressed_________________
25.stay up_________________
26.all night_________________
27.take place_________________
28. play tricks on_________________
29. all kinds of_________________
30.each other_________________
31. no more_________________
32.sell out_________________
33. lose weight_________________
34.end up doing_________________
35.get married_________________
36. run out of_________________
四、短语（汉译英）学后测试用
1.充满_________________
2.在......以前_________________
3.把某物忘在_________________
4.走进_________________
5.上课迟到_________________
6.响起_________________
7.醒来_________________
8.穿上_________________
9.冲出_________________
10.捎......一程_________________
11.至少_________________
12.到达_________________
13.正要做某事_________________
14.上升_________________
15.虽然_________________
16.与......成一排_________________
17.盯着看;凝视_________________
18.怀疑;难以置信地_________________
19.起飞_________________
20.排队等候_________________
21.赶到:露面_________________
22.查明;发现_________________
23.在(某时间点)以前_________________
24.穿好衣服_________________
25.熬夜_________________
26.整夜_________________
27.举行;发生_________________
28.捉弄._________________
29.各种_________________
30.互相_________________
31.不再_________________
32.卖光_________________
33.减肥_________________
34.以做结束_________________
35.结婚_________________
36.用光_________________
Section A教材要点精析
1.Life is full of the unexpected.
要点1 be full of... 的用法
用法分析 be full of... 充满……；装满……
be full of 相当于be filled with，强调状态。fill...with...“用……装满……”，强调动作。
Taking exercise makes you tired, but relaxed. A strong body helps you be full of confidence.
锻炼会让你累，但也会让你放松。一个强壮的身体有助于你充满信心。
Please fill the cup with water. I’ll put some flowers in it. 请给杯子加满水，我将放些花在里面。
【新题速递】1.请你看到自己的优势并对每件事情充满自信。(full)
Please see your advantages and _____________ confidence for everything.
要点2 unexpected 的用法
用法分析 unexpected / n k'spekt d/ adj. 出乎意料的；始料不及的
unexpected 由“un-(前缀) +expected(adj.) 预料的”构成。既可作定语也可作表语。
Life is full of unexpected surprises. 生活充满了意想不到的惊喜。
作定语
The announcement was not entirely unexpected. 这个通告并非完全出乎意料。
作表语
unexpected 的相关词：
expected adj. 预料的
expect v. 预料；期待 → expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事
expectedly adv.意料之中地
unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地
【新题速递】1.Although the match is moving in an _______________ (出乎意料的) direction, our team will finally win, I believe.
要点3 the unexpected 的用法
用法分析 the unexpected 出乎意料的事
①英语中有些形容词和定冠词the 连用，可表示一类人或事物，在句子中相当于名词。
the sick 病人 the young 年轻人 the old 老年人
We Chinese have the tradition of respecting the old. 我们中国人有尊老的传统。
②“the+ 形容词”作主语时，若表示具有共同特征的某一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；
若表示抽象概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
The beautiful isn’t always the same as the good. 美的东西不总是和好的东西一样。
拓展：形容词名词化，一般在前面加定冠词the，但若有连词and 连接(两个形容词往往是反义词) 并成对使用，the 通常省略。
It’s a book for young and old alike. 这本书老少皆宜。
敲黑板:
“the + 形容词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于它所表示的概念的单复数情况。
【新题速递】1.—What’s the most important tradition in a Chinese family
—We must care for _____ old.
an B. the C. /
2.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
为“助动词had+过去分词”结构，是过去完成时，它所表示的动作比句中另一个动作got up还要早，
即“过去的过去”。
要点4 by the time... 的用法
用法分析 by the time... 在……以前；当……时
by the time 引导时间状语从句，若从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。
The meeting had begun by the time I got there yesterday. 昨天我到那儿时，会议已经开始了。
By the time I got home, my parents had already cooked dinner. 我到家之前，我的父母已经做了晚饭。
【拓展延伸】be the time后的从句若用一般现在时，主句常用将来完成时。
By the time they get there, the train will have left. 他们到达那里之前，火车将已经离开。
拓展：by now 表示“到现在为止”，通常与现在完成时连用。
By now, I haven’t seen this film.到现在为止，我没有看过这部电影。
time 的其他相关短语：①in time 及时地
②at the same time 同时
③on time 按时
④all the time 一直
⑤at times 有时候
【新题速递】1.By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ______ for 10 minutes.
has been on B. had been on C. had stopped D. had begun
2.By the time I _______ up, my mother ________ to do volunteer work in our community.
A. woke; had gone B. wake; has gone C. woke; has gone D. wake; had gone
3.I overslept.
要点5 oversleep 的用法
用法分析 oversleep / v (r) 'sli p/ v. 睡过头；睡得太久 oversleep的过去式、过去分词均为overslept
oversleep 在此处作不及物动词，是由“over+sleep”构成的。
I shall probably oversleep as I am not used to getting up so early. 我很可能会睡过头，因为我不习惯起得这么早。
构词法记单词: 前缀over- 表示“太；过于；上面；外面；额外；上方”，常见词有：
overwork (使) 过度劳累 overcoat 长大衣
overage 超龄的 oversized 过大的
【新题速递】
1.Jack was late for class in the morning, because he ______________ (oversleep) .
4.When I ____ (get) home, I realized I ____(leave) my keys in the backpack.
要点6 leave 的用法
用法分析 leave v. 忘了带；丢下；让……处于(某种状态、某地等) (left，left)
leave 的具体用法：
leave+ 宾语+ 地点状语 把……忘在某地
leave sb. alone 把某人单独留下
Yesterday I left my schoolbag in the classroom. 昨天我把我的书包落在教室了。
Dad always makes sure it’s safe to leave me alone at home before he goes out.
爸爸出门前，总会确保把我一个人留在家里是安全的。
拓展：leave 与forget 都可表示“遗忘”，其区别如下：
leave 常与地点状语连用，表示将某物遗忘在某个地方。
forget 不与地点状语连用，表示忘记带某物。
Sorry. I forgot my English book. I left it at home. 对不起，我忘记带我的英语书了。我把它落在家里了。
【新题速递】1.1.I think I have _______ my key in the car.
A.forget B. left C.forgotten D.leave
2.I can’t find my keys. Maybe I _______ them at home this morning.
A.left B. forgot C.lost D.missed
5.My alarm clock didn’t go off !
要点7 go off 的用法(重点)
用法分析 go off (警报器等) 突然发出声响 动副短语，相当于ring。
I have set my alarm clock to go off at 7:00. 我已经把闹钟设置为七点响了。
拓展：go off 的其他词义：①离开 (机器) ②停止运行
③(食物、饮料) 变质，变坏 ④开火；爆炸
Many people went off to take a trip in Hainan during the Spring Festival. 春节期间很多人离开去海南旅行了。
In a smart home, the lights go on when you enter a room and they go off when you leave the room.
在智能家居中，当你进入房间时灯就会亮，当你离开房间时灯就会熄灭。
Meat goes off quickly in the hot weather. 肉在热天变坏得快。
The bomb went off in an abandoned factory. 炸弹在一个废弃的工厂里爆炸了。
含有off 的其他短语：①turn off 关闭(电源、灯光、设备等)
②take off(飞机等) 起飞；脱下(衣物)
③put off推迟(计划、会议等)
④cut off 切断(电源、水源、联系等)
⑤set off 出发
⑥fall off 跌落；减少；脱落
⑦pay off 付清(债务) ；取得成功；有回报
⑧show off 炫耀；卖弄
⑨get off 下车
【新题速递】1.Steve’s alarm didn’t ______, so he didn’t catch the train to Beijing in time.
A. put off B. go off
C. turn off D. get off
6.By the time I got back to school, the bell had rung. 我回到学校时，铃已经响了。
要点8 ring 的用法
用法分析 ring在此处作不及物动词，意为“（钟、铃等）鸣；响”，其过去式为 rang ，过去分词为 rung 。ring还可作及物动词，意为“按（铃）；敲（钟）”。
The doorbell is ringing. 门铃响了。
Just ring the bell if you need the nurse. 你如果需要护士，按一下铃就可以了。
拓展
①ring作动词，还可意为“打电话”。
I’ll ring you up tomorrow. 明天我会打电话给你。
②ring还可作名词，意为“环；圈；戒指”。
My mother lost her ring last week. 上周妈妈丢了她的戒指。
【新题速递】
1.My boss told me that Mr.Zhang (ring) me twice since lunchtime.
2.By the time the bell (ring),all the students had been back to the classroom.
7.How did the writer end up missing both events 作者最后如何躲过了这两件事？
要点9 end up 的用法
用法分析 end up意为“结束”，常用结构有：
At first I wanted to take a taxi, but I ended up walking here because of the heavy traffic. 起初我想乘出租车，但由于交通拥堵，我最终步行来到了这里。
The movie ends up with a beautiful song. 这部电影以一首优美动听的歌曲结束。
He worked very hard and ending up as an engineer. 他工作非常努力，最终成为了一名工程师。
【新题速递】
1.Because all the money had ran out,he ended up_______his vacation at home.
A.spending　 B.spend　 C.spent　 D.to spend
2.Many April Fool’s jokes may end up (be) not very funny.
8.I kept sleeping, and when I woke up it was already 8: 00 a.m.!
要点10 wake up 的用法
用法分析 wake up 醒来；唤醒 wake 的过去式为woke；过去分词为woken
①“醒来”，不及物动词短语，指自己醒来。后不接宾语。
The old usually wake up early. 老年人通常醒得早。
②“唤醒”，指把别人唤醒，动副结构短语，其宾语是代词时，代词放在wake 和up 中间。
The noise outside the room woke me up just now. 刚刚屋外的声音吵醒了我。
拓展：wake 的形容词形式是 awake，意为“醒着的”，在句中作表语。
Is she awake or asleep 她是醒着还是睡着？
If we wake up too late, our bodies might feel stuck between being asleep and being awake. That’s why sometimes we feel even more tired after oversleeping.
如果我们醒得太晚，我们的身体可能会感到困在睡眠和清醒之间。这就是为什么有时我们睡过头后会感到更累。
【新题速递】1.It was late. She opened the door quietly because she didn’t want to ______ her parents.
A. wake up B. cheer up C. get up D. take up
9.So I just quickly put on some clothes and rushed out of the door.
要点11 put on 的用法(高频)
用法分析 put on 穿上；戴上
后接表示衣服、鞋、帽子等的名词或代词作宾语，强调动作。反义短语为take off(摘掉；脱下) 。
Put on more clothes. It is cold outside in winter.多穿点衣服。冬天外面很冷。
put on 为动副短语，后接代词时，代词要放在put 与on 之间。
辨析: put on, dress, wear, have on 与be in
put on 强调动作，宾语是物，如：衣服、眼镜等。
dress 表示动作，宾语是人而不是物。
wear 强调状态，宾语是物，如：衣服、眼镜、饰品等。可用于进行时态。
have ...on 强调状态，宾语是物，不能用于进行时态。
be in 强调状态，后接表示颜色或衣物类的词，指穿什么(颜色的) 衣服。
拓展：put on 的其他常见用法：
(1) 发胖；增加(若干) 体重
Jenny put on 3 kilos during the Spring Festival. 珍妮在春节期间胖了3 公斤。
(2) 上演
They are going to put on a new play.他们将上演一出新戏。
知识积累:
turn on 打开
get on 上车
put on 穿上
depend on 依靠
【新题速递】1.When you ______ Mamianqun (horse-faced skirt) , you will sense the beauty of traditional Chinese clothing.
A. turn on B. get on C. put on D. depend on
要点12 rush out of... 的用法
用法分析 rush out of... 冲出……
Henry rushed out of the room and disappeared in the rain. 亨利冲出了房间，消失在雨中。
拓展：
① rush 作动词，意为“急促；仓促行事”。rush to do sth. 意为“急于做某事；抢着做某事”。
People rushed to buy vegetables in the supermarket. 人们抢着买超市里的菜。
②rush 还可作名词，意为“仓促；匆忙；繁忙；高峰期”。
When you’re in a rush, it’s easier to make mistakes. 你在匆忙之中更容易犯错。
He went out early so that he could avoid the rush hour. 为了避开交通高峰时间，他很早就出门了。
rush 作名词的常用短语：①in a rush 仓促；匆忙
②rush hour(上下班时的) 交通高峰期
③in the rush hour 在交通高峰期
【新题速递】1.铃声一响学生们就冲出了教室。
The students ____ ____ ____ ___ _______ the classroom as soon as the bell rang.
10.Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
要点13 give sb. a lift 的用法
用法分析 give sb. a lift 捎某人一程
lift 在此处用作名词， 意为“搭便车”。同义短语有 give sb. a ride 或offer sb. a ride。
Cindy, would you mind giving me a lift to work tomorrow morning 辛迪，你介意明天早上载我去上班吗？
When your classmates are in trouble，remember to give them a hand. 当你的同学遇到困难时，记得帮助他们。
“give sb. a+ 名词”结构的其他常见短语：
①give sb. a hand 给某人帮助
②give sb. a ring 给某人打电话
③give sb. a lesson 给某人一个教训
④give sb. a chance 给某人一个机会
【新题速递】1.我的车坏了。你能让我搭个便车吗？
My car is broken. Could you please ________ ________ ________ ________
11.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.
要点14 be about to do sth. 的用法
用法分析 be about to do sth. 刚要做某事; 即将做某事
表示动作马上就要发生，在时间上指最近的将来。
不能与immediately，tomorrow 等表示将来的时间状语连用，
但可与when 构成be about to do sth. when... 句型，意为“刚要做某事，这时……”，when 意为“这时”
The train is about to leave. 火车马上就要开了。
We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived. 我们正要离开，这时杰里来了。
“将要做某事”的表达：①be going to do sth.
②be to do sth.
③will/shall do sth.
Hurry up! The plane is about to take off. 快点！飞机就要起飞了。
I was about to go to bed last night when there was a knock on the door. 昨天晚上我正要上床睡觉，这时有敲门声。
【新题速递】1.—Why were you late for school this morning, Tom
—I was about to go to school _______ it began to rain.
since B. while C. as D. when
2.—Did Mrs. Smith call you yesterday
—Yes. I was about_______for lunch when the telephone rang.
A. going out B. to going out C. to go out D.go out
要点15 decide to do sth. 的用法
用法分析 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 否定形式: decide not to do sth.
In order to make my life more colorful, I decide to take up a new hobby like painting or growing flowers when I am free.
为了让我的生活更加丰富多彩，我决定在我有空的时候培养一个新的爱好，比如画画或种花。
We decided not to go swimming because of the bad weather.由于天气不好我们决定不去游泳。
拓展：decide on 意为“决定; 选定”, 后接名词、代词或动词-ing。
Would you like to decide on another time 您要不要选定别的时间？
They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。
“决心做某事”的表达：① determine to do sth.
② make up one’s mind to do sth.
③ make a decision to do sth.
【新题速递】1.I’ve decided ________(stay) away from fried food and soft drinks since I had my medical exam.
2.The children decide_______their school yard this Friday afternoon.
A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned
12.I went to my favorite coffee place even though it was two blocks east from my office.
要点16 even though 的用法
用法分析 even though 即使，尽管
He went there alone even though he was a little frightened. 尽管他有点害怕，他还是独自去了那里。
even though不能与but连用。
even though为连词，引导让步状语从句。
辨析：even though 与even if
even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的, 主要用于引出不利于主句情况的信息, 相当于汉语的“尽管、虽然”。
even if 引导的从句往往是假设性的, 相当于汉语的“即使、纵然、就算、 哪怕”。
He went out even though it was raining. 尽管正在下雨，他还是出去了。
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。
I will have a try even though/if I may fail. 哪怕失败，我也要试一下。
在实际运用中even though和even if 可互换。
【新题速递】1.I will never forget that car accident _____ it happened so long ago.
A. until B. if C. even though
要点17 block 的用法
用法分析 block /bl k/, /blɑ k/ n. 街区
He walked around the block three times. 他绕着这个街区走了3 圈。
block 的其他词义：n.(方形平面) 大块；大楼
13.As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard a loud sound.
要点18 in line with 的用法
用法分析 in line with 与……成一排 常用在动词wait，stand 等之后。
in line 的其他常用搭配：①wait in line 排队等候
②cut in line 插队
③stand in a line 站成一排
They waited in line with their family to enter the amusement park. 他们和家人一起在队伍中等候进入游乐园。
We’re supposed to wait in line. 我们应该排队等候。
It’s impolite to cut in line while shopping. 购物时插队是不礼貌的。
They stood in a line and went into the library. 他们站成一排，进入了图书馆。
拓展：be in line with... 与……一致，吻合
His ideas on the problem are in line with mine. 他在这个问题上的见解与我的一致。
【新题速递】1.我们应该排队等候上地铁。
We should ______________ to get on the subway.
14.We stared in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building.
要点19 stare 的用法
用法分析 stare /ste /, /ster/ v. 盯着看; 凝视
stare 为不及物动词，后常接介词at，用来引出所注视的内容。
Every time you stare at your phone, you miss the chance to connect with another person.
每次你盯着手机(看时) ，你就错过了与他人(建立) 联系的机会。
辨析：stare 与look
stare 指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视, 有时含有无礼的意味。
look 指集中注意力看, 强调动作, 后接宾语时要加at, 也可单独使用, 以引起对方的注意。
It’s impolite to stare at others. 盯着别人是不礼貌的。
Please look at the picture. What can you see 请看图片。你能看到什么
拓展：stare 还可以作名词, 意为“凝视; 注视”。
She gave me a blank stare. 她面无表情地盯着我。
【新题速递】1.不要一直盯着别人看。
Don’t __________________ others all the time.
要点20 in disbelief 的用法
用法分析 in disbelief怀疑地，难以置信地
in disbelief 为固定短语，在句中作状语，常与stare at sb., shake one’s head 等搭配使用。
disbelief 是由否定前缀dis- 加belief 构成，是不可数名词，意为“不信；怀疑”。
Bill’s family stared at him in disbelief. 比尔的家人难以置信地盯着他。
“in+表示情感的名词”可用作状语，表示一种情感状态。常见的有：
①in anger 愤怒地
②in surprise 惊讶地
③in excitement 兴奋地
④in despair 绝望地
⑤in silence 沉默地
【新题速递】1.听到我的话，女孩一脸不信地停了下来。
Hearing my words, the girl stopped with a look of ___________ on her face.
2.The woman looked in 　 　　at the large pile of money on the table.
A.disbelieve　 B.disbelief　 C.belief　 D.believes
要点21 above 的用法(重点)
用法分析 above / 'b v/ prep. 在……上面 adv. 在上面
The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上方飞行。
作介词
Put it on the shelf above. 把它放在上面的搁板上。
作副词
辨析：above, over 与on
词义 两物体之间的关系 反义词
above 在……上方 不接触, 不垂直 below
over 在……正上方 不接触, 垂直 under
on 在……上面 有接触面 beneath
Simon’s room is above mine and it’s on the fifth floor. 西蒙的房间在我的上面，它在五楼。
There are two bridges over the river. 河上有两座桥。
There is a cup on the table. 桌子上有个杯子。
拓展：above 作介词时，还可意为“超过”，表示数量、数目等方面超过，
还可以表示在质量、重要性等方面超过。
Porcelain is fired at a temperature above1, 200℃. 瓷器在1200℃ 以上的温度下烧制。
The famous translator is above others in learning English. 这位著名的翻译家在学习英语方面优于他人。
【新题速递】1.The moon was a the tall tree in the east.
2.—I like the weather in Kunming.It’s warm all year long.
—Yes. And the temperature stays 　 　　zero all the time.
A.at　 B.below　 C.around　 D.above
要点22 burning 的用法
用法分析 burning /'b (r) n / adj. 着火的；燃烧的
Teachers are often compared to burning candles.教师们经常被比作燃烧的蜡烛。
Another burnt cake! But I’ve read the instructions and followed the steps you told me.
又是一个烧焦的蛋糕！但我已经阅读了说明书，并遵循了你告诉我的步骤。
特别提醒：burning 正在燃烧的，强调正在进行 burned/burnt 烧完了的，强调已经过去
拓展：
①burn 作动词, 意为“着火; 燃烧”, 既可作及物动词, 也可作不及物动词。(burnt, burnt; burned; burned)
Take care not to burn your fingers. 注意别烧着指头。
②burn 还可作名词, 意为“烧伤”。
If the burn is serious，call 120 or go to the hospital at once. 如果烧伤严重，拨打120 或立即去医院。
burn 的常见短语：burn out 烧坏 burn down 烧毁
【新题速递】1.Soon many people ran out of the _____________ (burn) building.
15.I felt lucky to be alive.
要点23 alive 的用法
用法分析 alive / 'la v/ adj. 活着; 有生气的
构词法记单词: 许多动词变形容词常在词首加a-，常见的有：
① a + live = alive 活着
② a + sleep = asleep 睡着的
③ a + wake = awake 醒着的
alive 的常见表达：
① bring sth. alive 使某物变得活跃
② keep sb./sth. alive 使某人或某物活着/继续存在
The colorful pictures in the book bring the animals alive for young readers.
书中的彩色图片让动物们对年轻读者来说栩栩如生。
Regular exercise helps keep your body and mind alive and healthy.
定期锻炼有助于使你的身体和精神保持活力与健康。
辨析：alive, living, live 与lively
alive 意为“活着; 有生气的”, 修饰人或动植物, 可作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语, 但不作前置定语。反义词为dead。
living 意为“活着的”, 修饰人或物, 可作表语或前置定语。作表语时相当于alive。
live 作形容词时，意为“活的”，通常指物不指人，作前置定语。它还可意为“现场直播的”。此时读作/la v/
lively 意为“活泼的；生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的”，修饰人或物，常描述人及其行为或活动，可作表语或定语。
They managed to stay alive after the terrible earthquake. 在可怕的地震之后，他们设法活了下来。
Water is very important for all living things in the world. 水对世界上所有的生物都很重要。
There will be no live wild lives in the world if we don’t protect their living environment.
如果我们不保护其生存环境，世界上就不会有活的野生生物了。
We watched a live television broadcast of the World Cup final. 我们观看了世界杯决赛的电视现场直播。
Miss Wang always has a lot of ways to make her classes lively and interesting.
王老师总是有很多办法使她的课堂生动有趣。
【新题速递】1.1.Mr.Zhang has a strange way of making his classes and interesting.
A.lively B.live C.alive D.living
2.Life must go on since I was still .
A.alive B.lively C.live D.living
3.It’s a pity that few young people are willing to learn about iron painting, so we should try our best to keep it ______.
A. alive B. real C. secret D. fresh
4.We didn’t know whether the tree was dead or (live).
16.What bad luck!此句是what 引导的感叹句，what 后接名词，名词前加形容词bad。这里省略了主语和谓语。
用法分析 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子，通常由what 或how 引导。
感叹句的用法口诀：
感叹句很简单，what, how 放句前；
how 后跟形或副，what 后把名词连；
名词如果是单数，前面冠词a 或an；
主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见。
what 引导 感叹句 What+a/ an+ 形容词+ 可数名词单数(+ 主语+ 谓语) ！ What a beautiful season autumn is! 秋天是一个多么美丽的季节啊！
What+ 形容词+ 可数名词复数或不可数名词(+ 主语+ 谓语) ！ What valuable suggestions you gave me! 你给了我多么宝贵的建议啊！ What good news it is! 多好的消息啊！
how 引导 感叹句 How+ 形容词或副词(+主语+ 谓语) ！ How clean the classroom is! 教室多干净啊！
How+ 主语+ 谓语！ How time flies! 时光飞逝！
拓展：what 引导的感叹句可以与how 引导的感叹句进行同义句转换。
What an interesting movie it is! = How interesting the movie is! 多么有趣的电影啊！
【新题速递】
1.—______ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Caves!
—I’m glad you had a good time.
What B. How C. How a D. What a
2._____ amazing it is! The Shenzhou-17 members raise fish for the first time in the Tiangong space station.
A. What B. How C. What an
17.The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day.
要点24 till 的用法
用法分析 till /t l/ prep.& conj. 到; 直到
till 既作介词也作连词，相当于until，作连词时，引导时间状语从句，具体的用法有：
①用在肯定句中，句中(主句) 的谓语动词用延续性动词，表示该动作或状态一直持续到till/ until 所表示的时间为止。
I’ll wait till five o’clock. 我会等到五点。(介词)
I will keep studying till I understand the concept completely. 我将继续学习，直到我完全理解这个概念为止。(连词)
②用在否定句中，句中(主句) 的谓语动词用短暂性动词，表示该动作或状态直到till/ until 所表示的时间才发生。常用于not... till/until... 结构，意为“直到……才……”。
We didn’t leave the party until/till midnight.我们直到午夜才离开聚会。(介词)
We didn’t know the result till/until the match finished.(连词) 直到比赛结束我们才知道结果。
拓展：till 一般不用于句首，也不用在以not 开头的短语或从句里，而until 常用。
Until now I have always lived alone.直到现在我一直独自生活。
Not until 9:00 yesterday evening did we finish the work.直到昨晚9 点，我们才完成这项工作。
【新题速递】1.Don’t trouble trouble _______________ (直到) trouble troubles you.
2.You will never truly understand your parents’ great love ______ you grow up.
A. until B. if C. since D. as
3.—I must go home.
—If you must, at least wait 　　 the rain stops.
A. since B. as C. till D.before
4.We are leaving tomorrow. We won't be back _______ next Thursday.
A.after B.since C.until D.when
18.My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.
要点25 turn into 的用法
用法分析 turn into 变成
When ice melts, it turns into water. 冰融化后会变成水。
Solar panels take energy from the sun and turn it into electricity.太阳能电池板从太阳获取能量并将其转化为电能。
turn A into B 意为“把A 变成B”
辨析：turn into 与change into
turn into 既指形式上的改变, 也指状态上和本质上的改变。
change into 强调外在形式上的改变。
She turned into a successful businesswoman after years of hard work. 经过多年的努力，她变成了一位成功的女商人。
She is changing into her swimsuit for the beach. 她正在换泳衣准备去海边。
turn 构成的短语：
① turn on 打开
② turn up(把音量) 调高
③ turn in 上交
④ turn off 关掉
⑤ turn down(把音量) 调低；拒绝
⑥ turn over 翻身；翻转
⑦ turn left/ right 左转/右转
【新题速递】1.The Monkey King is not a normal monkey, he can ______ himself _____ different animals and objects.
A. turn; off B. turn; up C. turn; into
19.west
要点26 west 的用法
用法分析 west /west/ adv. 向西；朝西adj. 向西的；西部的 n. 西；西方
This room faces west. 这个房间朝西。
We have been planning to visit the west coast of France.我们一直计划着去游览法国西海岸。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
20.dead
要点27 dead 的用法
用法分析 dead /ded/ adj. 死的；失去生命的 在句中作定语或表语。 the dead 死者。
敲黑板: 表示“去世多长时间”要用“have/has been dead for + 时间段”或“died +时间段+ ago”。
We had come to a dead end in our research. 我们的研究工作已陷入绝境。
His father has been dead for two years. 他爸爸去世两年了。
Some festivals are held to honor the dead. 一些节日是为了纪念死者而举办的。
辨析：dead, die, death 与dying
dead 强调的是“死”的状态，意为“死的；失去生命的”，是形容词， 作表语或定语。反义词为alive，意为“活着的”。
die 强调的是“死”的动作，是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用。若和时间段连用，要用be dead。
death 名词，意为“死；死亡”。
dying die 的现在分词，也可用作形容词，表示“垂死的；临死的”，常用作定语或表语。
The dying old man lies in bed, thinking of his dead army comrade who died for the people’s liberation,
and he thinks it’s a worthy death.
这位奄奄一息的老人躺在床上，想起了为人民的解放而牺牲的战友, 并认为其死得其所。
【新题速递】1.Although the old tree in the yard is ______ now, I still miss the days when I grew up with it.
A. short B. pretty C. strong D. dead
21.The teacher collected the math homework.
要点28 collect 的用法
用法分析 collect /k 'lekt/ v. 收集 → collection n. 收藏品 → collector n. 收藏家；收藏者
My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China and the beginning of the traditional Chinese poetry.
《诗经》是中国最早的诗集，是中国传统诗歌的开端。
A famous collector will give us a talk. 一位著名的收藏家将给我们做一次演讲。
【新题速递】1.Linda likes to _____ pens and she has had all kinds of pens so far.
A. collect B. throw C. lose D. give
22.When she ____ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog.
要点29 forget to do sth. 的用法
用法分析 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
辨析：forget to do sth. 与forget doing sth.
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(事情未做) 。
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事情已做) 。
He was so excited that he forgot to introduce himself.
他太激动了以至于忘记介绍自己了。
Mary dances very well. I’ll never forget seeing her dance for the first time.
玛丽舞跳得很好。我永远也不会忘记第一次看她跳舞(的情景) 。
拓展：remember 为forget 的反义词, 它的用法与forget 相同。
remember to do sth. 记得要做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
【新题速递】1.To save energy, don’t forget ______ the light before you leave the room.
A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn off
23.Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he ____ the building.
要点30 get the chance to do sth. 的用法
用法分析 get the chance to do sth. 得到做某事的机会
get (have) a chance to do sth. =get (have) a chance of (doing) sth.得到做某事的机会，其中chance 作名词，意为“机会”。
含chance 的其他常见短语： lose a chance 失去机会
take a chance 冒险
by chance 偶然地
Li Ming hopes to get a chance to raise the national flag on the playground. 李明希望有机会在操场上升国旗。
If you work hard and believe in yourself, you can have a chance to succeed.
如果你努力工作并且相信自己，你就有机会成功。
24.By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already shown up. 我到达聚会时，其他所有人都已经赶到了。
要点31 show up 的用法
用法分析 show up意为“出现；露面” 是不及物动词短语，后面不跟宾语，相当于appear。
He didn’t show up at the party last night. 他没有出席昨晚的宴会。
【拓展延伸】show的其他常见短语：
show off ____炫耀_______ show sb. around __带某人参观__
show sb. sth=show sth to sb __向某人展示某物__
【新题速递】
1.—It’s everyone’s duty to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign.
—Sure. We should try to ______all the food that we’ve ordered.
A.give up B.eat up C.turn up D.show up
2.We were surprised that he didn't ______at his birthday party.
A. put up B. come out C. show around D. show up
25.By the end of the school day, ________
要点32 by the end of 的用法
用法分析 by the end of 在(某时间点) 以前
by the end of 与表示时间的名词连用, 通常根据by the end of 之后时间的不同, 句子选用相应的时态：
①接表示将来的时间, 句子用一般将来时。
By the end of next month, I will finish reading the book. 到下个月底, 我将读完这本书。
②接表示现在的时间，句子用现在完成时。
By the end of this week, my sister has learned five English songs. 到这周末，我妹妹已经学了五首英文歌曲。
③接表示过去的时间，句子用过去完成时。
By the end of last year, thousands of trees had been planted in this city.
到去年年底，这个城市有成千上万棵树已被种植。
辨析：by the end of, at the end of 与in the end
by the end of “在……之前”, 仅指时间。
at the end of “在……结束时；在……尽头”, 指时间或地点。 强调一段时间的结束点或某段路程的终止处。
in the end “最后；终于”, 位于句首或句末, 表示事情已结束。
By the end of last year, they had seen six English films. 到去年年底，他们已经看了六部英文电影。
My father always waits for me at the end of the road. 我父亲总是在路的尽头等我。
What decision did she make in the end 最后她做了什么决定？
【新题速递】
1.—打扰一下，我可以借这本书吗？ —当然可以，但你必须在这学期末还回来。
—Excuse me, can I borrow this book
—Sure, but you must return it ________ ________ ________ ________ this term.
单元语法讲练
语法精讲
过去完成时
一、语法概述
过去完成时由“助动词had（用于各种人称和数）+过去分词”构成，表示某动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
二、过去完成时的句式结构
肯定句 主语+had+过去分词+其他. Most of the guests had left when she arrived at the party.大多数客人在她到达聚会时已经离开了。
否定句 主语+hadn’t+过去分词+其他. By 9:00 yesterday evening, he hadn’t gotten home. 昨晚直到9点钟，他还没到家。
一般疑问句 及其答语 Had+主语+过去分词+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+had. 否定回答：No, 主语+hadn’t. —Had Simon finished his homework before he watched TV 在看电视之前西蒙完成他的作业了吗？ —Yes, he had.是的，他完成了。 No, he hadn’t. 不，他没有完成。
【即学即用】按要求完成句子，每空一词
1.Mike had learned five Chinese songs by the end of the term.(改为否定句)
Mike _____ _____ five Chinese songs by the end of the term.
2.By the time you arrived, they had finished the project.(对画线部分提问)
______ _______ they done by the time you arrived
3.He had lived in the town for six years before I moved here.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ _______ he lived in the town before you moved here
三、过去完成时的用法
1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，常与by、before等构成的表示时间的短语连用。
在表示过去某一动作或状态的句子中，常出现与完成时态连用的词，如：already, yet, since, for, ever, never 及表次数的词，此时句子常用过去完成时。
By the time I went outside, the rain had already stopped. 我走到外面时，雨已经停了。
He threw it into the sea before he realized what he had done. 在他意识到他所做的事情之前，他已经把它扔进了海里。
常用在said、told、knew、heard、realized等后面的宾语从句中。
过去完成时经常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作发生
He said that he had worked in that factory for ten years. 他说他已经在那家工厂工作了十年。
I suddenly realized that I had left my ID card at home. 我突然意识到我把身份证忘在家里了。
3.在含有when、before等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果从句的时态为一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。
The concert had ended when she arrived there. 当她到达那里时，音乐会已经结束了。
She had learned English before she came to America. 她来美国之前学过英文。
4.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，只有和过去的某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到，因此可通过分析语境来确定时态。
I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
我昨天在街上碰见了吉姆，自从他去北京以后，我们彼此就没有见过面。
I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。
【即学即用】
1.She________5,000 English words by the time she was 15.
A.had learned　 B.has learned　 C.learned　 D.learns
2.When she________at school,she realized she_________her homework at home.
A.arrived;left　 B.had arrived;had left C.had arrived;left　 D.arrived;had left
3.Since we began to use the Internet, our lives________a lot.
A.change B.had changed C.will change D.have changed
4.Tom found that the train _______ when he ________ at the station.
A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived
5.By the time the bell　　 (ring), all the students had been back to the classroom.
6.By the time Linda got up, her father had already　 　 (get) in the shower.
7.By 9 o’clock last night, we　 (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship.
四、不用过去完成时的几种情况
1.句中有yesterday、last year、in 1990、three years ago等明确表示过去的时间状语时，常用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。
He said his grandpa died in 1999. 他说他的爷爷是1999年去世的。
Freddie bought a bicycle three days ago. 弗雷迪三天前买了一辆自行车。
2.叙述过去连续发生的两件及两件以上的事情时，虽然时间上有先后之别，但仍用一般过去时。
They decided to stay there, so they built their house and got married. 他们决定留在那儿，所以他们建了房子，并结了婚。
3.在包含before、after、when、until、as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，如果主句的动作和从句的动作紧接着发生，那么主、从句均使用一般过去时。
Where did you study before you came here 你来这儿之前在哪儿学习？
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下就拿出了英语书。
语法小测
一、单项选择
1.—Did you see Tom at the airport
—No. His plane by the time I there.
A. has taken off; got B. took off; had got C. took off; got D. had taken off; got
2.She said she the story already.
A. has read B. read C. will read D. had read
3.When I got to the train station, the train _______ for ten minutes.
A.had left B.had been away C.has left D.has been away
4. By the time the police got to the super market, the thief _______.
A.went B.have gone C.has gone D.had gone
5.—Did you catch the first subway this morning
—No, I didn't. It had started moving _______ I could get on it.
A.before B.since C.after D.as soon as
6.When she ______ up, she realized that she________.
A. woke up; has overslept B. woke up; had overslept
C. wake up; had overslept D.wake up; has overslept
7.Mr. Black _______his keys in the office, so he had to wait until his wife ________ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; comes
8.—Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday
—Because I _____ it before.
A. see B. have seen C. had seen D.saw
9.How long _____ the film ________ when you got to the cinema
A. has; been on B. had; been on C. had; begun D.has; begun
10.—Why didn't you give the wallet to the man at once
—Because he _______before I realized it was his.
A. had been disappeared B. has disappeared C. had disappeared D. has been disappeared
11.By the time I _______up, my brother________ in the shower. I had to wait for him.
A.wake; got B.woke; has gotten C.woke; had gotten D.wake; has gotten
12.They were surprised to find that the flower _______ before they arrived.
A.had come out B.came out C.was coming out D.would come out
13.She had written a number of books _______ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
14.They _______ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
15.The train from Beijing ______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Before we arrived at the party, Mr. Brown ____________ (leave) the room.
2.By the time I _______(walk) into the store,someone had bought the jeans I wanted.
3.We _________(paint) the house before we moved in.
4.Tom said he _____________(read) the book twice.
5.My mother _____________(come) back from the market when I ________(get) up.
6.I had turned off all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
7.They _______________(study) the map of the country before they left.
8.By the time I got there yesterday , the meeting ________________(begin).
Section B教材要点精析
1.fool
要点1 fool 的用法
用法分析 fool /fu l/ n. 蠢人; 傻瓜 v. 愚弄
①作名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”。
Are you trying to make a fool of me 你是在捉弄我吗？
②作动词，意为“欺骗；愚弄”。fool sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事。
Don’t be fooled into thinking they’re going to change anything. 别上当受骗，以为他们打算作出任何改变。
拓展：fool 对应的形容词为foolish，意思为“愚蠢的；傻的”。
It’s foolish of you to give up your friendship. 你放弃你们的友谊是愚蠢的。
The fool does think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool.
愚者自以为聪明，智者则以愚者自居。【谚】
【新题速递】
1.I felt like a f __ when I realized my mistake.
2.embarrassed
要点2 embarrassed 的用法
用法分析 embarrassed / m'b r st/ adj. 窘迫的；害羞的
embarrassed 常用来表达人的主观感受，在句中作表语。常与介词about 或at 连用，表示“因……而感到窘迫”。
Li Ming felt embarrassed at his own behavior. 李铭对自己的行为感到尴尬。
拓展：embarrassed 的相关词：
embarrass v. 使尴尬→ embarrass sb. 使某人尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 修饰事或物，在句中作定语或表语。
embarrassment n. 尴尬
Today is an embarrassing day. Everyone smiled at me. That made me embarrassed. Soon I realized that I had worn my jacket inside out. What an embarrassment!
今天是令人尴尬的一天。所有人都冲着我笑。那让我很尴尬。不久，我意识到自己把夹克衫穿反了。真尴尬啊！
【新题速递】
1.At that moment everyone stared at me in disbelief. You can’t imagine how _____ I was.
A. relaxed B. bored
C. embarrassed D. outgoing
2.Don’t mention it,OK It’s the most________thing in my life!
A.embarrassed　 B.embarrassing C.happy D.exciting
3.My most 　　 moment was trying to introduce a person whose name I couldn't remember. Every time this kind of thing happens, I feel 　　　 .
A.embarrassing; embarrassing B.embarrassing; embarrassed
C.embarrassed; embarrassed D.embarrassed; embarrassing
4.He felt __________________(embarrass) when he heard the __________________ (embarrass) news.
3.get dressed
要点3 get dressed 的用法
用法分析 get dressed 穿上衣服
get dressed 相当于put on clothes。
It’s 6 a. m. You have to hurry up and get dressed. 现在是早上六点。你得快点穿好衣服。
The man is dressed in a black sports suit today. 这个男人今天穿着黑色的运动套装。
【新题速递】
1.I took a quick shower and got ________________ (dress) .
4.stayed up all night
要点4 stay up 的用法 (高频)
用法分析 stay up 熬夜 stay up 不能用于被动语态。
stay up 为不及物动词短语, 后不接宾语。stay up late 熬夜到很晚。
To finish the order, all the stuff stayed up late. 为了完成订单，全体人员熬夜到很晚。
拓展：stay up doing sth. “熬夜做某事”。
My mother often stays up working. 我妈妈经常熬夜工作。
stay 的相关短语有：
① stay at home 待在家里
② stay out 待在外面
③ stay away from 远离
④ stay calm 保持冷静
⑤ stay with...同……待在一起
⑥ stay behind 留下来
【新题速递】
1.尽管你对这部电视剧感兴趣，但是你最好不要熬夜看。
Although you are interested in this TV drama，you’d better not _____________ ______________ late to watch it.
4.the other kids showed up
要点4 the other 的用法
用法分析 the other 其余的
① the other + 复数名词，意为“其余的……”。特指某范围内剩余的全部。
The other students are working as volunteers at the old people’s home. 其他学生正在养老院做志愿者。
② the other + 单数名词，(两者中的) 另一个，表示特指。
We came to the other side of the road. 我们来到路对面。
拓展：other 还可作代词，常用于one... the other... 结构，表示两者中的“一个……另一个……”。
He has two computers. One is used for studying, and the other is used for working.
他有两台电脑。一台用于学习，另一台用于工作。
other 的其他常见搭配：
on the other hand 另一方面
in other words 换句话说
辨析：the other, another, other, others 与the others
the other 特指“两者中的另一个”, 常与one搭配构成one... the other... 一个……另一个……。
another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”, 后接单数名词。
other 泛指“别的; 其他的”, 后常接复数名词或不可数名词。
others 泛指“其他的人或物”, 后不接名词。结构：some... others... 一些……另一些……。
the others 特指“某一范围内的另外的人或物”。结构：some... the others... 一些……其余的……
【新题速递】
1.—I can’t find my shoes. Where are they, Mom
—Oh, one is under the bed, and _______ is behind the door.
A. the other B. others C. another
5.April Fool’s Day is a celebration （that takes place in different countries around the world.）
句子分析 先行词 ↓ 从句谓语 状语
引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，代指先行词a celebration
(1) that 引导的定语从句
Do you know the girl that comes from China 你认识那个来自中国的女孩吗？
that指人，作定语从句的主语
I lost the pen that my mother bought for me on my birthday. 我丢了生日那天我妈妈给我买的钢笔。
that 指物，作定语从句的宾语
that 引导定语从句时常常在定语从句中作主语或宾语，that 指人或物。
拓展：that 也可以引导宾语从句，但that 在宾语从句中不作任何句子成分，仅起连接作用，无意义。
Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference. 记住每个人都可以做一些事情来产生影响。
【新题速递】
1.— I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer.
—Me neither. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
A. when B. who C. that
要点5 take place 的用法
用法分析 take place 举行 take place 的主语不能是人，其后不接宾语，不能用于被动语态。
The Olympic Games take place every four years. 奥林匹克运动会每四年举办一次。
拓展：take place 还可意为“发生”，与happen 的区别如下：
take place 表示事先安排或有准备的事情或活动的发生，无被动语态。
happen 往往表示偶然的、没预料的事情的发生，无被动语态。
Great changes have taken place there and my hometown has become more and more beautiful.
那里发生了巨大的变化并且我的家乡变得越来越漂亮了。
The traffic accident happened at 4:00 on Monday afternoon.
这起交通事故发生在周一下午四点。
【新题速递】1.越野比赛通常在各种天气条件下进行，无论炎热还是寒冷。
Cross-country races usually __________ __________ in all weather conditions, hot or cold.
6.One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti.
要点6 announce 的用法
用法分析 announce / 'na ns/ v. 宣布；宣告
announce 后面接名词或宾语从句，侧重“宣布”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻类的消息。
They have announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper. 他们已在报纸上宣布了他们结婚的日期。
The radio announcer said it was nine o’clock. 电台播音员报时九点整。
The president will make an important announcement. 总统将要发表一项重要公告。
announce 的词形变化：
announcer n. 播音员，节目主持人
announcement n. 通告，公告，布告
【新题速递】1.—Which team will enter the final of the basketball competition
—No one can know the result until it ______________________ (宣告) tomorrow morning.
6....all of the spaghetti across the country had been sold out.
要点6 sell out 的用法
用法分析 sell out 卖光, 售完
“动词+out”短语： put out 扑灭
leave out 遗漏 blow out 被(风等) 吹灭
give out 分发 bring out 使显现
find out 查明；弄清楚 work out 计算出；解决
是“动词+ 副词”结构短语，后接人称代词作宾语时，人称代词应放在sell 与out 之间；
后接名词作宾语时，名词既可位于两者之间，又可以位于out 之后。
These books are very popular. We’ve sold them out. 这些书很受欢迎，我们已经把它们卖完了。
The tickets to the concert were sold out within hours. 演唱会的门票在几小时之内被卖光了。
【新题速递】1.今天上午，这家商店的所有面包都被卖光了。
All the bread in this store ______________________ this morning.
7.In another famous trick a TV show in England reported the discovery of special water.
要点7 discovery 的用法
用法分析 discovery /d 'sk v ri/ n. 发现；发觉
discovery 既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。其后常接of 短语或that引导的同位语从句。
discovery的常用短语有：
① the discovery of... ……的发现
② make a discovery 有发现
The first Nobel Prize was presented to a German scientist for the discovery of rays.
第一个诺贝尔奖被授予了一位德国科学家，因为射线的发现。
Our teacher told us an exciting discovery that there are many kinds of animals in the deep sea.
我们老师告诉我们一个令人兴奋的发现：深海里有许多种类的动物。
拓展：discovery 的词形变化：
discover v. 发现
discoverer n. 发现者
Everyone wanted to meet the discoverer who discovered the new island. 每一个人都想见一下那个新岛屿的发现者。
辨析：discover 与invent
discover 指第一次发现，原本存在，只是过去不被人知道。
invent 意为“发明”，指创造或发明出原来不存在的新事物。
【新题速递】1.The d ________________ of ancient objects while digging can tell us a lot about the history.
8.He asked her to marry him.
要点8 marry 的用法
用法分析 marry /'m ri/ v. 嫁；结婚；把……嫁给
When did Rick ask you to marry him 里克什么时候向你求婚的？
The mother married her daughter to a gentleman. 这位母亲把女儿嫁给了一位绅士。
marry 的常见用法：
① marry sb. 嫁给某人，与某人结婚
② marry A to B 把A 嫁给B
特别提醒：marry 和get married 为短暂性动词(短语) ，当表示“结婚一段时间”时要用be married。
拓展：get married 结婚 get/be married to sb. 与某人结婚
Tony and Jane got married many years ago. = Tony married Jane many years ago.
= Jane got married to Tony many years ago. 很多年前托尼和简就结婚了。
How long have the couple been married 那对夫妇结婚多长时间了？
Jane has been married to Tony for many years. 简和托尼结婚很多年了。
【新题速递】1.Cathy’s parents got married twenty-five years ago. (改为同义句)
Cathy’s parents __________________ married for twenty-five years.
9.The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was canceled.
要点9 cancel 的用法
用法分析 cancel /'k nsl/ v. 取消；终止
cancel 为及物动词, 主语多是人, 后接名词或代词作宾语, 也可用于被动结构。
The customer called to cancel the order. 这位顾客打电话来取消订单。
Hard work will cancel out all your shortcomings. 努力学习将会抵消你所有的短板。
Our sports meeting will be canceled if the rain doesn’t stop. 如果雨不停，我们的运动会将被取消。
cancel 的常用短语：① cancel the order 取消订单
② cancel out 抵消
③ the cancel button of the keyboard 键盘的取消按钮
【新题速递】1.My brother’s flight was _______________________ (取消) because of the bad weather.
10.In that month in 1938, actor Orson Welles announced on his radio program that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth.
要点10 land 的用法
用法分析 land /l nd/ v. 着陆；降落
land 在此处用作不及物动词，意为“着陆；降落”，反义词组为take off，意为“起飞”。
Be careful! The plane is going to land on the airport. 小心点! 飞机马上要降落于飞机场了。
拓展：
(1) land 还可作及物动词，意为“使着陆，使降落”。
The pilot landed the plane safely. 飞行员使飞机安全着陆。
(2) land 还可作不可数名词，意为“陆地；大地”。
The elephant is the biggest animal on land. 大象是陆地上最大的动物。
Are you going by land or by sea 你是从陆地上走还是从海上走？
Generally speaking, a plane can only land on land, not on the sea. 一般来说，飞机只能降落在陆地上，不能在海上。
land 作名词的常用搭配：by land 陆路
on land 陆地上
【新题速递】1.To our great joy, the astronauts of the Shenzhou-17 crew (乘组) l__________ safely back to the earth as planned in April, 2024.
11.Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country.
要点11 hundreds of 的用法
用法分析 hundreds of 数百的，成百上千的
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. Hundreds of visitors come here on weekends.
我们的家乡变得越来越美丽。周末有成百上千的游客来这里。
类似的短语还有: thousands of 数以千计的
millions of 数以百万计的
billions of 数以十亿计的
拓展：hundred(百) ，thousand(千) ，million(百万) ，billion(十亿) 等数词的用法：
基数词+hundred/ thousand/million/... hundred/thousand等用单数形式，且不可与of连用 这两种情况后都跟可数名词的复数形式，作主语时，其后的谓语动词均用复数形式
hundreds/thousands/ millions/...of 前面不可加具体的数词，hundred/thousand等要用复数形式，且of不可省略
(1) 当前面有具体数字修饰，表示确切数目时，其后不加-s，也不和of连用。
five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千
(2) 若表示一个不确切的数目，即模糊数目，前面没有具体数字，其后要加-s，而且须与of 连用。
hundreds of students 数百名学生
速记小法: hundred，thousand，million，billion 的用法：
-s，of 不分家，遇到数字全拿下。
模糊数字两有(有-s，有of) ，
具体数字两无(无-s，无of) 。
【新题速递】1.Two ______ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ______ it.
A．hundreds; to buy B．hundreds; buy C．hundred; to buy
12.Why did the supermarkets run out of spaghetti one April Fool’s Day
要点12 run out of 的用法
用法分析 run out of 用完；耗尽
辨析：run out of 与 run out
run out of 用完； 耗尽 是及物动词短语，其主语通常是人，其后可直接跟宾语。
run out 用完； 耗尽 是不及物动词短语，其主语通常是time、money 等无生命的事物。其后不接宾语。
I’ve run out of all my paper. Can you lend some to me 我所有的纸都用完了。你能借我一些吗？
Time is running out. 时间不多了。
Don’t run out of hope, for it is the last thing you should ever lose.不要失去希望，因为它是你最不应该失去的东西。
13.Which of these stories is the most believable
要点13 believable 的用法
用法分析 believable /b 'li v bl/ adj. 可相信的；可信任的
believable 由believe(v. 相信) 去e + -able(形容词后缀) 构成。其比较级为more believable，最高级为most believable。
This book is full of believable and interesting characters. 这本书里充满了可信且有趣的角色。
构词法记单词: -able 是形容词后缀，表示“可……的；能……的；具有……性质的”。
类似的形容词有：comfortable 使人舒服的
reasonable 有理由的
valuable 宝贵的
格言谚语记单词: Truths are always believable.真理总是可信的。
拓展：believable 的相关词：believe v. 相信
belief n. 信心；信念
unbelievable adj. 难以相信的；难以置信的
You can believe in the young man. He is believable. 你可以相信这个年轻人。他是可信的。
It’s unbelievable that he did it by himself. 他自己做了那件事，真是令人难以置信。
【新题速递】1.I don’t think some online dictionaries are b________ . There are many incorrect usages that can make us confused.
14.By the time people ________ (find out) the story was not true, all the spaghetti in the supermarkets ________ (disappear) .
要点14 disappear 的用法
用法分析 disappear /d s 'p / v. 消失；不见
disappear 为不及物动词，一般指具体、有形的事物突然或逐渐不见，强调“看不见了”“不存在了” 的结果。
disappear的相关词：disappearance n. 消失
appear v. 出现
appearance n. 出现
The sun disappeared behind the clouds. 太阳消失在云后。
The mystery of her disappearance was never solved. 她的失踪之谜一直没有解开。
When the night falls, the stars appear. 夜幕降临时，星星出现了。
【新题速递】1.Although more people are trying e-books, I believe paper books will not ______.
A. disappear B. increase
C. develop D. spread
15.As I was heading ______, I saw a huge truck in the middle of the road.
要点15 in the middle of... 的用法
用法分析 in the middle of... 在……中间 既指时间也指地点
We have lunch at school in the middle of the day.我们中午在学校吃午饭。
Do you know the man who is standing in the middle of the hall 你认识那位站在大厅中间的男士吗？
辨析：middle 与center
middle 指“空间、时间或过程的两端间等距离的部分”；也指“中等程度”。
center 只用于空间, 可指圆和球体的中心；也可用于比喻意义, 指某个场合或学术、工农、政治、经济中心。
与middle 相关的其他短语： the Middle Ages 中世纪
middle school students 中学生
middle age 中年
The table is in the middle of the living room. 桌子在客厅的中间。
Beijing is the political, economic and cultural center of China. 北京是中国的政治、经济和文化中心。
【新题速递】1.A policeman is standing ________________________ (在……中间) the road directing the traffic.
16.However, I ______ the road that led to the mall.
要点16 lead 的用法
用法分析 lead /li d/ v. 通向；引路；导致 (lead-led-led)
lead 的一词多义：①通向
②引领；带路 → lead one’s way 带路；领路
③导致
④领导；指挥
⑤过（某种生活）→ lead a/an... life 过一种……的生活
Please tell me what place the road leads to. 请告诉我这条路通向什么地方。
The guide led us through the forest. 导游带领我们穿过森林。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
Who is going to lead our band 谁来指挥我们的乐队？
Now all the old people lead a happy life. 现在所有的老人们都过着愉快的生活。
【新题速递】1.Electrical appliances（电器）can ___________（导致） a fire, so check them often to make sure they are working properly.
17.Why didn’t you hand in your science homework
要点17 hand in 的用法
用法分析 hand in 上交 动副结构短语
You must hand in all the materials before next Friday. 你必须在下周五之前上交所有材料。
When picking up someone else’s lost things, we are supposed to hand them in.
捡到别人丢失的物品时，我们应该把它们上交。
Could you help me hand out the papers 你能帮助我分发试卷吗？
与hand 相关的其他短语：①hand out 分发
②hand over 移交
③by hand 手工
④give... a hand 帮助 ……
【新题速递】1.—Eric, I found a watch on the playground.
— You’d better go to the Lost and Found Office and _____.
A. hand it in B. turn it down C. look it up

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