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英语之时态专项二
需要掌握的八种时态：
1.过去将来时 2. 过去完成进行时
3. 将来完成进行时 4. 将来完成时
5.过去将来完成时 6. 过去将来完成进行时
7.现在完成进行时 8.过去将来进行时
1.过去将来时
过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
would do 表预测
Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger. Many would become sick, due to the extreme cold and low air pressure, and a few would even lose their lives.（para 1）
be going to do 表计划打算安排
2） In 2011, words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette, who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world. （para 2）
③ be going to do 迹象表明会发生
3）With all the support, I believed that this class was going to be a success!
位移动词：go, come, leave, arrive, move, begin,start
was/were （about） to do
( 表示过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事情)
Practice:
1).She said that she _________(water) the flowers the next day, but she didn't.
2). He told me that he __________ (leave) tomorrow when I called him.
3). The bus driver told everybody to get ready because the bus _____________(start).
4). James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ___________(come) until yesterday.
2. 过去完成进行时
1). When he came to, he didn’t know how long he had been lying
there.他醒过来时，不知道自己在那里躺了多久。
2). It had been raining for three days when we arrived at the
village.
我们到达那个村庄时，已经连续下了三天雨。
由“had been doing”构成，表示过去的过去一直持续的动作。
过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别
1). I had studied French before I went to college.
我在上大学以前，已经学过法语。
)She had been swimming for the three hours before I came to see her.
我来看她之前，她已经游泳三个小时了。
过去完成时由“had done”构成，强调过去的过去完成的动作,过去完成进行时强调过去的过去一直持续的动作。
Practice:1). He came back at seven. He (wait) for her for two hours.他七点回来的。他已经等她两个小时了。
)He (just get) home when it began to rain.
他刚到家，就开始下雨了。
3). I (surf) online for two hours by the time she came to see me. 到她来看我的时候，我已经上网两个小时了。
小结
过去完成进行时由“ ”构成，表示过去的过去“ ”。
过去完成时由“ ”构成，表示过去的过去
“ ”。
将来完成进行时
定义：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要根据上下文而定。
例如：
到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作10年了。
（“工作”这个动作从现在开始一直延续到今年年底）
将来完成时的构成
shall / will + have been doing
1）shall + have done 只用于第一人称（I, we）
2）will + have done 用于所有人称
将来完成进行时的肯定句
主语 + shall / will + have been doing
将来完成进行时的否定句
主语 + shall / will + not + have been doing
将来完成进行时的一般疑问句
shall / will + 主语 + have been doing
将来完成进行时的用法
1）. 表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到现在
2）. 表示一个已经进行的动作到某一将来时刻仍在继续进行
3）.在下面这个句子中，will是情态助动词，有“大概”或“我想”的含义
Practice：1）. By the time you visit me at 2 p.m. tomorrow, the seminar _____ for a whole day, but I doubt it will be over.
A. will progress B. will have progressed
C. has been progressing D. will have been progressing
2）. --- Is Sarah still writing her thesis
--- Yes. By the end of the week, she _____ on it for three whole months.
A. will work B. will have worked
C. has been working D. will have been working
3）. By the time the famous pianist turns thirty, he _____ the piano for more than twenty years.
A. will have been playing B. will play
C. has been playing D. plays
4）. --- Will you take over at the next service area I want a short rest.
--- Sure. You _____ for over four hours by then.
A. have driven B. have been driving
C. will be driving D. will have been driving
5）. He _____ English for six years by the time he takes his exams.
A. had been studying B. was studying
C. will have been studying D. has been studying
4. 将来完成时
定义：表示在将来某一时间之前完成或一直持续的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响
例如：
我明天七点前能写完作业。
到下周五我就完成了。
将来完成时的构成
shall / will + have done
1）shall + have done 只用于第一人称（I, we）
2）will + have done 用于所有人称
将来完成时的肯定句
主语 + shall / will + have done
将来完成时的否定句
主语 + shall / will + not + have done
将来完成时的一般疑问句
shall / will + 主语 + have done
将来完成时的用法
1）. 表示在将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响
经常与“before+将来时间”或“by+将来时间”连用，也可以与before或by the time (that) 引导的现在时的从句连用。例如：
2）. 表示将来某一阶段内持续发生的动作
3）. 将来完成时常与表示完成意义的动词，如build（建立），complete（完成），finish（结束）等连用。在believe（相信），expect（期待），hope（希望），suppose（料想）等动作之后，也常用将来完成时。例如：
4）. 表示推测、设想，相当于“must have done”结构。翻译为“应该已经……”、“很有可能已经……”。例如：
5）. 在时间从句和条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时，表示将来某个时间已经完成的动作。例如：
Practice：1）. I want to pay a visit to my parents; I _____ in the foreign country for five months by next Sunday.
A. have been staying B. will have stayed
C. have stayed D. will be staying
2）. I’m finally going back to my motherland; I _____ in the foreign country for four years by next months.
A. have been staying B. will have stayed
C. have stayed D. will be staying
3）. Hopefully in 2030 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _____ communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
4）. By the time you get back from Canada, great changes _____ in this area.
A. will take place B. are to take place
C. would take place D. will have taken place
5）. By next October, our efforts _____ of great benefit to the populations of birds on the islands.
A. will be B. have been C. are going to be D. will have been
5.过去将来完成时
1）、表示从过去某一时间来看将来某时会已经完成的动作。
2）.用于虚拟语气中
若表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，此时条件从句的谓语用 had+过去分词，而主句谓语则通常用过去将来完成时.
当然，主句谓语也可根据情况使用“should (could, might)+have+过去分词”。
3）.“would + have + 过去分词”的情态用法
would后接完成式除用于构成过去将来完成时外，它还有其情态动词用法的一面。
Few men would have bared their soul to a woman as he had.
很少有男人能像他一样对一个女人敞开心扉。
肯定句（would have done)
I thought Sophia would have told you something.
否定句（would not have done)
I thought Sophia would not have told you something.
疑问句（would提前)
Would Sophia have told you something？
Yes, she would.
No, she wouldn’t.
过去将来完成时（被动）
结构：would have been + done
Practice：They _________(finish) the work yesterday, but it was raining hard.
过去将来完成进行时
1).过去将来完成进行时表动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。
I knew by that time he would have been working there for 30 years.
我知道到那时他他就在那儿工作满30年了。
2). 过去将来完成进行时往往用在间接引语中。
若主句为过去时态，则用于宾语从句中的间接引语为过去将来完成进行时。
She told me she would have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer.
她告诉我到那年夏天她在那所大学教书就满20年了。
3).在特定的语境中，有时过去将来完成进行时可用虚拟语气。
If Tom’s boy had not sat beside him in front I would have been sitting there.
因为汤姆的小儿子。要是汤姆的孩子没坐在前边,他的身旁的话，我就会坐在前面了。
4).过去将来完成进行时,有时其中的 would 也可能是情态动词，具有情态意义，表示推测或猜想等。
“What interesting job have you found ”She asked Tom,
he knew she would have been thinking about it.
“你找到什么有趣的工作啦 ”她问汤姆。他知道海伦一定会一直想这件事的。
肯定句（ would/should have been + doing)
否定句（ would/should not have been + doing)
疑问句（ would 提前)
一般很少用。
Would she have been teaching in that university for 20 years by that summer
Yes, she would. No, she wouldn’t.
结构：would/should have been being+ done
现在完成进行时
一、定义：1）.表示从过去某时间开始，某动作一直延续到现在（说话时刻或最近刚刚结束的动作）
a. —Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
—I __________________(paint) the living room.
b. —I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
—That’s nothing. I have been reading a novel.
2). 表示从过去某时间开始，某动作一直延续到现在（说话时刻），并可能继续下去
a. I ________________(wait) for her for an hour, but she hasn’t turned up yet.
b. He’s ill. He’s been lying in bed for two days.
二、结构
肯定：have / has been doing
否定：haven’t/hasn’t been doing
三、时间状语
现在完成进行时常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：all the time一直, this week这周, all night整晚, these few days这些天, for+一段时间 , since，recently最近 等。
eg. I have been living here since 2020.
eg. I have been reading the novel for two weeks and I should be finished in 3 days.
四、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1).现在完成时have/has been doing的动作不一定已经完成(强调动作的延续)， 而现在完成时have/has done表示动作已经完成（强调结果）。
2).现在完成时have/has been doing可以表示动作在重复， 而现在完成时have/has done不表示动作重复。
3).现在完成时have/has been doing带有感彩，可使表达显得生动， 而现在完成时have/has done只表明一个事实、一种影响或结果，不带感彩。
4).状态动词和非延续性动词（瞬间动词）不用于现在完成时have/has been doing， 而用现在完成时have/has done。
Exercise
(1) You should go to bed. You ___________________ (watch) TV for 5 hours.
(2) I _________________ (write) letters since 6 o'clock. When can I have a rest？
(3) I _________________ (look) for him everywhere. Where can he be
8.过去将来进行时
1).过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作，
也可以表计划中的事。它常和表示过去将来的时间状语连用，但时间状语亦可省略。
I never realized that some day I would be living in China.
2)、过去将来进行时主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。
They said they would be coming.
3).过去将来进行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作。
He said that he could not come because he would be having a meeting.
肯定句（would be + doing)
They said they would be coming.
否定句（would not be + doing)
They said they would not be coming.
疑问句（would提前)
Would they be coming
结构：would be being done
结构：would be being done
I would be cleaning my home when my father came back.
My home would be being cleaned when my father came back.
Practice:He would pay the rest as he ________(leave）France.
Practice:
翻译句子
你打电话前，我一直在看书。
到达目的地之前，他开车一直很快。
__________________________________________________________________________
单项选择题
1. George promise he _____ all the domestic chores by the time his parents are back this evening.
A. will finish B. has finished C. will be finishing D. will have finished
2. It is reported that by the end of this month the output of cars in this factory _____ by about 10%.
A. will be rising B. has been rising C. has risen D. will have risen
3. By the time you have completed the essential training, you _____ exposed to virtually every new feature of the course.
A. will have been B. will be C. would have been D. would be
用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world __________ (lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity.
2.For the past two years, Gordon's students ____________________ (study) ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution (解决方案)．
Is it likely that scientists _______________ (discover) a cure cancer by the year 2040
4.In the last few years, China ______________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
5. I hope Jack’s health _______________ (improve) greatly by the time we go back to school this September.
6. My train arrives in Shanghai at 10 this morning. The plane I would like to take from there __________ (leave) by then.
7. --- I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.
--- I know. By next month, he ____________ (save) enough for a used one.
8.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _____________________ (reach) so far by the two sides.
一、单句语法填空
1.—Were you surprised by the ending of the film
—No, I__________ (read) the book, so I already knew the story.
2. This coastal area (name) a national wildlife reserve last year.
3. I walked slowly through the market, where people __________(sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
4. Up to now, the program ________ (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
5. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they __________ (do) for me.
6.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.
7. When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
8. Progress (be) so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
9. If their marketing plans succeed, they (increase) their sales by 20 percent.
10. The moment I got home, I found I (leave) my jacket on the playground.
语法填空：Volunteer travel involves taking a trip 1 all or part of the purpose is to participate in an arranged service opportunity helping others. Usually, these trips are arranged by church organizations, human interest groups, 2 non-profits.
Charitable interests often go far beyond national boundaries and sometimes, donating money is not enough 3 (satisfy) the need to help. Volunteer travel is a way to combine a visit to a new location 4 meaningful work that has a direct impact on communities in other parts of the world.
This type of travel has been 5 option for many years. 6 (historic), church groups made up a large part of this market. Once a year a religious organization would organize a trip to another country. The primary purpose of the trip was very specific. For example, it would be to help build a school, dig wells or engage in hundreds of other 7 (project) that would impact those less fortunate.
As international travel becomes by far 8 (easy), volunteering in other countries has become as accessible as browsing a website and signing up. Instead of 9 (travel) with a group that is organized at the volunteers home base, the volunteer may join a group that gathers at the worksite from all over the world. This sort of volunteer travel 10 (refer) to as voluntourism or vacanteerism from time to time.
完型填空
Ginger the dog doesn't have a bad life at the animal shelter where she's lived for almost four years. She's 41 by staff and volunteers, and she spends a(n) 42 amount of time outside the shelter-including long walks through the woods and trips to McDonald's, where she enjoys a plain cheeseburger.
“She's our little princess,” Pat Ingersoll, director at Responsible Pet Care (RPC) told HuffPost. But after more than 1,450 days, Ginger needs a 43 of her own.
Ginger has gone viral after a Facebook post detailing how long she's been 44 a master. The post includes a photo of Ginger appearing to look at the camera with 45 eyes, wearing a sign that says, “I have been in the shelter for 1,456 days. Please 46 Me.”
“She was brought to us as a stray（流浪狗）in 2017，” the Facebook post reads．“She needs the perfect home, not just any home.” Ingersoll said that it's been difficult finding the right one for Ginger because she has some 47 needs that should be satisfied by a 48 family.
Ginger is outgoing and likes sticking by. However, she has 49 with resource guarding-meaning she can become 50 and possessive of objects like her food bowl and toys. For that reason, RPC doesn't consider her a good 51 for families with small children, · or any children who may not be 52 enough to recognize when they need to leave Ginger alone.
Ingersoll 53 noted that Ginger has never bitten anyone, and RPC wants to make sure it stays that way. “Because she is such a unique and loving dog, we don't want to put her in a situation where she can 54 ,”she said.
While RPC is willing to consider non-locals, any potential adopter will have to agree to a home 55 by the shelter. “We would love nothing more than for her to have her own family right now,” said Ingersoll.
41.A. ignored B. deserted C. adored D. kept
42.A. fair B. tiny C. accurate D. equal
43.A. shelter B. bowl C. toy D. home
44.A. leaving for B. looking for C. staring at D. wondering at
45.A. worried B. tired C. begging D. disbelieving
46.A. Feed B. Adopt C. Hug D. Entertain
47.A. great B. desperate C. specific D. common
48.A. working B. travelling C. royal D. potential
49.A.fun B. issues C. agreements D. contact
50.A. defensive B. creative C. inactive D. attentive
51.A.fit B. deal C. boost D. service
52.A. patient B. mature C. confident D. extraordinary
53.A. firmly B. cheerfully C. disappointedly D. humbly
54.A. obey B. survive C. fail D. explore
55.A. update B. stay C. loan D. check

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