资源简介

(共50张PPT)
Unit 4 Sharing
Learning About Language
Teaching Objectives:
1. Review different types of phrases of previous lessons.
2. Correctly identify different phrases and state their functions.
Key and difficult points:
Key point：Grasp the main idea of the sentence and the additional information of the sentence by analysing different kind of phrases.
Difficult point：Enrich the content and variety of sentences by using phrases in order to improve students’ ability of reading comprehension and writing skills.
Part 1
Build up your vocabulary
Complete the word puzzle with words from the blog entries. Can you find the hidden message
Complete the word puzzle with words from the blog entries.
Can you find the hidden message
___a___ c ___r
___ ___ s___ r___ ___m
p___ p ___ ___l
f o___ e ___ ___ ____d
c___ ___ c___ s
s___c___ ___ d___ ___ ___
___o___ s i n ___
___a___ l
j___ m
k e___ ___ l e
c o___ ___ ___n
t___ ___ l ___t
___ ___ b b ___ ___
c ___ ___ r u ___
S
U
E
W
A
H
O
O
A
C
E
R
H
E
A
H
R
E
U
R
E
B
A
O
T
T
T
T
A
I
M
E
O
N
A
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Y
H
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Hidden message : sharing matters
What does Xu Yuan think of the country and experience Complete the passage with the words below.
lack secondary housing right drag kettle
She regrets not bringing a _________ to Ghana to boil the water she needs. Some of the medicine she has brought with her works better with hot water. But any discomfort is __________ to helping the needy, she believes. Xu enjoys her volunteer experience and considers it a good opportunity to_______ herself out of her comfort zone and to explore the world. “One of my dreams is to work in Africa and continue to help the disabled after I resign from my job. I think everyone deserves the __________to be happy, ” she said.
kettle
secondary
drag
right
Complete the passage below with the correct forms of the words in the box.
Food: jam，bacon，corn, leftover, sweets, potatoes, cabbage, carrot, honey, pork, beef, apple
High-tech: laptop, tablet, smartphone, computer, solar power generator, robot, 3D printer
Human body: knee, jaw, wrinkle, forehead, muscle, bone, eye, neck, finger, heart, lung, foot
School supplies: textbook, paper, rubber, pencil, notebook, pen, crayon, ruler, marker, bookshelf, glue, scissors
Cooking and eating:
saucer, kettle, pan, jar, grill, cup, spoon, fork, chopsticks, knife, bowl, plate
Part 2
复习短语
Identify the phrases in the following sentences and state their functions. Mark noun phrases as NP, verb phrases VP, adverbial phrases AdvP, adjective phrases AdjP, and prepositional phrases PrepP.
VP
NP
AdjP
VP
NP
VP
NP
AdvP
NP
NP
PrepP
PrepP
VP
NP
PrepP
PrepP
NP
AdvP
PrepP
PrepP
NP
VP
NP
VP
AdvP
PrepP
英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分,英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似。
短语概念
概念：是指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。
名词短语
构成：名词短语由名词与它的修饰语一起构成。名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,叫作前置定语;二是放在被修饰名词后面，叫作后置定语。
名词短语
前置定语包括：限定词、形容词(短语)和描述性名词
冠词(a/an/the)
指示代词(this/that/these/those 等)
指示代词 (this/that/these/those 等)
物主代词 (my/your/his/her/our/their等)
不定代词 (some/no/neither/both/every/other等)
数词(first/two/one third 等)
限定词主要包括：
名词短语
后置定语包括:定语从句、分词短语不定式或不定式短语、形容词短语和介词短语等。
限定词+形容词+描述性名词+中心名词+定语从句
the/ cute/ baby/ girl/ who is wearing a pink dress
限定词+形容词+描述性名词+中心名词+分词短语
the/ cute/ baby/ girl/ wearing a pink dress
限定词+形容词+描述性名词+中心名词+介词短语
the/ cute/ baby/ girl/ in a pink dress
限定词+形容词+名词+介词短语
the/ rapid/ development/ of China
名词短语作主语
The flower shop is just around the corner and you won't miss it. 花店就在拐角处,你一定会找到它的。
名词短语的句法功能:
I want to have a trip to Europe. 我想去欧洲旅行。
She has received a nice coffee cup as a gift.
她收到了一个漂亮的咖啡杯作为礼物。
在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
名词短语作宾语
Mathilde lost the fake diamond necklace belonging to her friend.
玛蒂尔德丢失了属于她朋友的假钻石项链。
名词短语作表语
This is an exciting experience which will never be forgotten.
这是一次激动人心、难以忘怀的经历。
名词短语的句法功能:
We made Tom monitor of our class. 我们选汤姆当我们班的班长。
在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
名词短语作宾语补足语
What I really want is that beautiful evening dress.
我真正想要的就是那件漂亮的晚礼服。
冠词+形容词+名词
an exciting experience 一次激动人心的经历
a long history 一段悠久的历史
the broken window 破碎的窗玻璃
常见的名词短语
冠词+名词+介词+名词
apiece of bread 一块面包 a suit of clothes 一套衣服
a set of equipment 一套设备a piece of news 一条新闻
the book for children 儿童读物
the tickets for films 电影票
名词所有格短语
Tom's book 汤姆的书
a gift for Jims birthday 吉姆的生日礼物
today's newspaper 今天的报纸
the teachers’ office 老师的办公室
15 minutes’ ride/drive 十五分钟的路程/车程
常见的名词短语
名词+to 短语
the way to success 成功之道
the entrance to the cinema 电影院入口
名词+with短语
a man with good manners 有礼貌的男士
a girl with golden hair 金发的女孩
a house with furniture 有家具的房子
常见的名词短语
a man with thick glasses 戴厚眼镜的男士
a book with a green cover 绿皮书
a house with a big yard 带大院子的房子
名词作定语的名词短语
railway station火车站
shoe factory 鞋厂
petrol station 加油站
flower shop 花店
coffee cup 咖啡杯
water pipe 水管
常见的名词短语
glass cup 玻璃杯
evening dress 晚礼服
winter clothes 冬季服装
blood type 血型
paper flower 纸花
brick wall 砖墙
silk dress 丝绸连衣裙
概念：形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。
形容词短语
1. 形容词+形容词(两个或多个形容词由 and, but 等连词连接)
large and beautiful 又大又漂亮 young but clever 年纪小但聪明
tired but happy 累但快乐 thirsty and hungry 又渴又饿
2.副词+形容词(very, so, enough, quite, fairly, pretty等副词表示程度，副词enough 修饰形容词时，放在形容词后面)
very hot 非常热
awfully dirty 极其脏
pretty good 相当不错
quite big 相当大
long enough 足够长
extremely lazy
极其懒惰
fairly/pretty easy 相当简单
be+形容词+介词
be particular about
对······挑剔
be aware of 意识到
be rich in 富含……
be successful in
在·····方面成功
be addicted to 对····上瘾
形容词短语
be beneficial to 对....有益
be responsible for 对......负责
be fit/suitable for 适合·.....
be absent from不在,缺席
be familiar with 对.....·熟悉
1. 形容词短语作表语(与系动词构成系表结构,说明主语的性质、特征或状态)
The bridge is long and wide. 这座桥又长又宽
形容词短语的句法功能
The man was so lazy that no one was willing to hire him.
这个男人如此懒惰以至于没有人愿意雇用他。
The question is extremely difficult for him to answer.
这个问题对他来说太难回答了。
I think your answer is correct and proper.
我认为你的回答正确又恰当。
2. 形容词短语作定语(修饰名词或代词,说明其性质、特征或状态等)
You have a small but beautiful room. 你有个虽小但漂亮的房间。
形容词短语的句法功能
He is a worker worthy of praise. 他是个值得表扬的工人。
Exercise can make you healthy and energetic.
锻炼能使你健康有活力。
3.形容词短语作宾语补足语(说明宾语的性质、特征或状态)
2. 形容词短语作定语(修饰名词或代词,说明其性质、特征或状态等)
You have a small but beautiful room. 你有个虽小但漂亮的房间。
形容词短语的句法功能
He is a worker worthy of praise. 他是个值得表扬的工人。
Exercise can make you healthy and energetic.
锻炼能使你健康有活力。
3.形容词短语作宾语补足语(说明宾语的性质、特征或状态)
He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.
他在风雪中度过了七天,又冷又饿。
4. 形容词短语作状语(说明主语的性质、特征或状态)
概念：副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语。
副词短语
1. 副词+副词(两个或多个副词由 and, but 等连词连接)
again and again 一遍又一遍 quickly and correctly 快且准确
2. very/so/quite/fairly/pretty/extremely/much+副词(副词enough 修饰副词时，放在副词后面)
so/very/extremely fast 如此快/非常快/快极了
much quicker 快得多 quite/fairly/pretty well 相当好
fairly regularly 很有规律 clearly enough 足够清楚
1. 修饰动词
She's a clever girl, and has learnt the new skill very quickly.
她是个聪明的女孩,很快就学会了这项新技能。
副词短语的句法功能
He drives extremely carefully. 他开车非常小心。
The dress was rather too small for her.
这件连衣裙对她来说太小了。
2. 修饰形容词
副词短语在句中主要作状语,修饰动词、形容词或句子等。
very quickly修饰has learnt
extremely carefully修饰drives
rather too修饰 small
He is running much too fast in the match.
他在比赛中跑得太快了。
3. 修饰副词
much too修饰fast
概念：介词短语是介词和其他代词、名词或词组搭配构成的短语，主要用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系。
介词短语
1. at +n.
at a time 每次;逐一;依次 at all times 无论何时，一直
at length 长时间;最后;详尽地
at no time 从不，在任何时候都不
at one time一度;曾经
at random 随机地;任意地
at present 现在，目前
at times 时常 at risk处境危险
at a loss 困惑，不知所措
at any time 在任何时候
at birth 出生时
at first sight 乍一看,初看起来
at hand 近在手边
at work/play在工作/玩耍
介词短语
2. beyond + n.
beyond compare无与伦比
beyond expression 无法表达beyond measure 无可估量
beyond question 毫无疑问
beyond words 无法用语言表达
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond (ones) reach 够不到beyond control 难以控制beyond description 无法形容beyond expectation 出乎意料
3. by +n.
by means of 凭借 by reason of 因为，由于
by way of 经由
by accident 偶然
by chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
by force 用武力
by heart 单凭记忆,能背诵
不定式作表语常表示具体的、一次性的动作或将来的动作。
Her dream is to become a famous scientist.
她的梦想是成为一名著名科学家。
不定式的用法
作表语
Her aim is to win the championship in the upcoming competition. 她的目标是在即将到来的比赛中赢得冠军。
若主语是 aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish 等名词，不定式作表语是对主语内容的具体说明。
I have a report to write this afternoon.
今天下午我有一份报告要写。
不定式的用法
作定语
She has a lot of clothes to wash on weekends.
她周末有很多衣服要洗。
She bought a book to read during the long journey.
她买了一本书在长途旅行中阅读。
不定式作表语常表示具体的、一次性的动作或将来的动作。
不定式的用法
作定语
当被修饰的名词是"ability, chance, courage, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, reason, right"等时，常用不定式作定语，且不定式与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
She has the ability to finish this task independently.
她有独立完成这项任务的能力。
We have a good chance to visit the famous museum tomorrow.
我们明天有个很好的机会参观著名博物馆。
Her decision to study abroad surprised everyone.
她出国留学的决定让大家都很惊讶。
不定式的用法
作定语
当不定式修饰 “way, place, time” 等名词时，后面的介词常可省略。
This is the best way to solve the problem (in).
这是解决问题的最佳方法。
That is a wonderful place to spend our holiday (at).
那是个度假的好地方。
Do you have the right time to have a talk with me (at)
你有合适的时间和我聊聊吗？
不定式的用法
作状语
目的状语：不定式可位于句首、句末或句中作目的状语。为了强调目的，可在不定式前加 “in order to” 或 “so as to”，但 “so as to” 不能用于句首。
To get a better grade, he studied hard every night.
为了取得更好的成绩，他每晚都努力学习。
She went to the library to borrow some reference books. 她去图书馆借一些参考书。
In order to catch the first bus, he got up at 5 o'clock.
为了赶上第一班公交车，他五点就起床了。
不定式的用法
作状语
结果状语：常与 “only” 连用，表示意外的结果。
He worked hard day and night, only to fail in the exam.
他日夜努力学习，结果却考试不及格。
She ran all the way to the station, only to find the train had left. 她一路跑到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。
They hurried to the airport, only to be told the flight was cancelled.
他们匆忙赶到机场，结果却被告知航班取消了。
不定式的用法
作状语
原因状语：用于某些形容词后，说明产生某种情绪的原因。常见的形容词有 “happy, glad, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, excited” 等。
I'm happy to see my old friends again.
再次见到老朋友我很高兴。
She was excited to hear that she had won the first prize. 听到自己得了一等奖，她很兴奋。
We are sorry to hear about your loss.
听到你的损失，我们很难过。
不定式的用法
作宾语补足语
一些动词如 “advise, beg, cause, command, enable, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, persuade, remind, teach, urge” 等后常接不定式作宾语补足语，构成 “动词 + 宾语 + 不定式” 结构。
The teacher advised the students to read more English stories. 老师建议学生多读英语故事。
He begged his mother to buy him a new toy.
他恳求妈妈给他买一个新玩具。
The coach commanded the players to run faster.
教练命令队员们跑得更快些。
不定式的用法
作宾语补足语
使役动词 “let, make, have” 和感官动词 “see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel” 等后接不带 “to” 的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上 “to”。
Let him go home now.（让他现在回家。）→He was let to go home by us.（他被我们允许回家。） We made the little boy cry.（我们把小男孩弄哭了。）→The little boy was made to cry by us.（小男孩被我们弄哭了。） I saw her enter the classroom.（我看见她走进教室。）→She was seen to enter the classroom.（有人看见她走进教室。）
Part 4
不定式的时态和语态
不定式的一般式
表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。
I want to go shopping this afternoon.
我今天下午想去购物。
He hopes to visit his grandparents next week.
他希望下周去看望祖父母。
They plan to start the project tomorrow.
他们计划明天启动项目。
不定式的进行式
表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行，强调动作正在进行。
She seems to be dancing in the room now.
她现在好像正在房间里跳舞。
The students appear to be discussing an interesting topic.
学生们似乎正在讨论一个有趣的话题。
He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.
妈妈进来时他假装正在看书。
不定式的完成式
表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。
He is said to have studied abroad for five years.
据说他已经在国外学习了五年。
They are believed to have finished the work ahead of time.
人们认为他们已经提前完成了工作。
She seems to have known the truth already.
她似乎已经知道真相了。
不定式的被动式
当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，要用被动式。
The problem needs to be solved as soon as possible.
这个问题需要尽快解决。
The letter is to be sent by express mail.
这封信要用特快专递寄出。
The work is expected to be completed in two weeks.
这项工作预计两周内完成。
不定式的否定形式
在不定式前加 “not” 构成否定形式。
Tell him not to play computer games too late.
告诉他不要玩电脑游戏到太晚。
The teacher asked us not to make noise in class.
老师要求我们在课堂上不要吵闹。
My parents told me not to trust strangers easily.
我父母告诉我不要轻易相信陌生人。
省略 “to” 的不定式
（一）在"had better, would rather, rather than, why not"等结构后，用省略"to"的不定式。
You'd better stay at home during the storm.
暴风雨期间你最好待在家里。
（二）当两个或多个不定式由"and, or, but"等连接时，第二个及后面的不定式常省略"to"。
You'd better stay at home during the storm.
暴风雨期间你最好待在家里。
省略 “to” 的不定式
（三）在"let, make, have"等使役动词和"see, watch, hear, feel, notice"等感官动词后作宾语补足语时，省略"to"，但在被动语态中要加上"to"。
Let them do it by themselves. 让他们自己做这件事。
→They were let to do it by themselves.
他们被允许自己做这件事。
We heard her sing a beautiful song. 我们听到她唱了一首动听的歌。
→She was heard to sing a beautiful song.
有人听到她唱了一首动听的歌。
Part 6
Exercise
Complete the passage with the phrases below in their proper forms.
China has offered ___________________________ to many countries in its Belt and Road Initiative. In the Congo, many ______________ have been transformed into _____________________ since then. Trains run _________________ Europe from China, and to China from Europe, bringing new jobs and opportunities to both ends. Chinese healthcare workers have also been sent to provide aid to places __________________________. Despite all the difficulties involved in this project, these efforts have been greeted with ____________ support from the locals.
a large amount of investment
dusty tracks
beautiful modern roads
straight towards
with dangerous diseases
a chorus of
Imagine you are an editor of a volunteer website. Add phrases to the following advertisement to make it more exciting.
Imagine you are an editor of a volunteer website. Add phrases to the following advertisement to make it more exciting.
In order to ease suffering in Guinea from a lack of doctors and good healthcare advice, volunteers with a heart to help others are needed to provide healthcare information to people in rural villages. As a volunteer, you will be responsible for organizing lectures, preparing posters, and visiting schools and families throughout the southern part of the nation. There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable memories for the rest of your life. The programme will last for one year or more, depending on your performance You need to be over 18 and able to communicate well both in spoken and written English (or in French). You don't need but you should be friendly and to have overseas experience, outgoing with a wonderful smile.
SEE YOU NEXT TIME

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