资源简介 (共44张PPT)第十一章 句子种类【复习要求】1.识记句子的种类及句子的类型。2.理解并掌握陈述句、疑问句(包括疑问句的种类)、祈使句和感叹句的结构。【知识要点】英语句子按其使用目的和用途可分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一、陈述句陈述句是用来描述、说明事实或表述说话人的看法的句子。陈述句有肯定式和否定式两种。其结构为“主语+谓语+……”,否定形式是在助动词、系动词或情态动词后加not。如:Tom is an 8-year-old boy.(肯定式)We don’t have any classes on weekends.(否定式)二、疑问句疑问句即用以提出问题的句子。英语中有四种疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。1.一般疑问句能用yes或no回答的疑问句称为一般疑问句。一般疑问句以系动词、助动词或情态动词提前为标志。如:—Are you a doctor —Yes,I am.(No,I am not.)—Do you usually get up at seven —Yes,I do.(No,I don’t.)2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由疑问代词what,who(m),whose,which或疑问副词when,where,how,why引导,同时与一般疑问句一样需要把系动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语前进行提问,需要具体的回答。但当疑问句在句子中作主语或修饰主语时,句子需要用陈述语序。如:—Who is singing in the next room —Jim.—谁在隔壁房间唱歌 —吉姆。—When are you leaving for Shanghai —I’m leaving next week.—你什么时候去上海 —我下星期去。3.选择疑问句选择疑问句提出两种答案供对方选择。选择疑问句以or为标志,并且需要直接回答问题。如:—Are you from the south or the north 你来自南方还是北方 —I’m from the south.我来自南方。—Shall we have the meeting this week or next week 我们是本周开会还是下周开会 —Next week,I think.我想是在下周。4.反义疑问句反义疑问句放在陈述句之后,对陈述句所述事实提出相反的疑问。反义疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问。陈述部分是肯定式,反义疑问句用否定式;反之陈述句部分是否定式,反义疑问句则用肯定式。用“Yes”或“No”回答。如:He smokes a lot,doesn’t he 他抽很多烟,不是吗 Linda isn’t a college student,is she 琳达不是大学生,对吗 注意:回答这类问题时,如果答语是肯定的,前面要用yes,否则用no。反义疑问句的答语中,英语和汉语翻译是不一致的。如:—They are not going out,are they —Yes,they are.(No,they aren’t.)—他们不打算出去,是不是 —不,他们打算出去。(是的,他们不打算出去。)三、祈使句祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子。在祈使句中通常省略作为主语的第二人称,谓语动词用动词原形。有些祈使句以let’s或let us开头,用于第一人称和第三人称的建议或请求。否定句的开头用Don’t。如:Copy this exercise in your notebook.把这个习题抄在你们的笔记本上。Don’t be afraid of making mistakes.不要怕犯错误。Let’s take the child to the park! 让我们带孩子去公园吧!四、感叹句感叹句用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末用“!”号。其结构为“感叹词what或how+被强调部分+……(其余部分与陈述句结构相同)+!”。what(多么)作定语,修饰名词。单数可数名词之前用what a(an),复数名词和不可数名词之前用what。what和what a(an)与所修饰的名词之间可以有形容词。how(多么)作状语,修饰形容词、副词或动词。如:What a place it is! 多好(糟)的地方啊!How foolish they are! 他们是多么傻啊!*含有there be结构的句子:there be结构的句子表示“某地、某时有或存在”这一概念。其否定句是在be后面加not;一般疑问句是把be提前;特殊疑问句的语序是:疑问词(+名词)+be+there 如:—How many boys are there in your class —There are not many.There’re only eight.【例题解析】( )1.Now you’ve already finished the work, you A.aren’t B.don’t C.didn’t D.haven’t【答案】 D【解析】 这是对反义疑问句的考查。you’ve是you have的缩写,是肯定形式,所以后面用其否定形式haven’t,即选D。( )2.—What is your father —He is . A.well B.fine C.a teacher D.working【答案】 C【解析】 特殊疑问句“what is sb. ”表示的是“某人的职业是什么 ”,所以答案是C。( )3. we are working to make our country more beautiful! A.How hard B.HowC.What hard D.What【答案】 A【解析】 该题考查的是感叹句。熟悉和掌握感叹句的结构和用法是答题的关键,本题空格处的词修饰谓语动词are working,应该用“how+形容词/副词+陈述句”的句型结构。答案是A。( )4.—Do you like tea or coffee — . A.Tea or coffee B.Yes.Thank youC.No.Thanks D.Coffee【答案】 D【解析】 本句所考查的是选择疑问句,注意该类题目在回答时不能用Yes或No来回答,应具体地回答,所以答案是D。【同步精练】( )1.—What’s your father — A.He is OK. B.He is fine.C.He is a doctor. D.He is at work.【答案】 C【解析】 该问句是询问职业,所以要选“他是医生”。( )2.—You don’t know French,do you —No,I don’t.A.不,我不懂。 B.是的,我懂。C.是的,我不懂。 D.不,我懂。【答案】 C【解析】对反义疑问句的否定回答。( )3.—Haven’t you written to Mike this week — A.Yes,I’m going to write.B.Not yet,but I’m going to write tomorrow.C.I’m sorry,but he knows I didn’t have enough time.D.Yes,I want to but didn’t have time.【答案】 B【解析】 对现在完成时态的一般疑问句的否定回答。( )4.—You have never seen an American film,have you — .How I wish I had had such a chance! A.Yes,I have B.Yes,I haven’tC.No,I have D.No,I haven’t【答案】 D【解析】 对现在完成时态的反义疑问句的否定回答。( )5.The students went to the Children’s Palace last Sunday, they A.don’t B.weren’tC.do D.didn’t【答案】 D【解析】一般过去时态的反义疑问句。陈述部分用肯定式,反问部分用否定式。( )6.Linda can speak French,can she A.nearly B.almost C.hardly D.hard【答案】 C【解析】情态动词的反义疑问句,反问部分用肯定式,陈述部分用否定式。( )7.—Will you have some more milk — ,I have had plenty. A.No,thanks B.Yes,thanksC.No,I don’t D.Yes,I do【答案】 A【解析】在表示请求、建议、邀请等的问句中,肯定回答就用Yes,please.否定回答就用No,thank you.( )8.—Do you like tea or coffee — . A.Thank you B.That’s fineC.Yes,I do D.Either will do【答案】 D【解析】在表示请求、建议、邀请等的问句中,肯定回答就用Yes,please.否定回答就用No,thank you.( )9.Don’t lose heart and try it again, A.will you B.shall weC.isn’t she D.aren’t you【答案】 A【解析】祈使句的反义疑问句,不管陈述部分是肯定还是否定,反问部分都用will you。( )10.Mike,clean the windows of the classroom this afternoon, A.do you B.will youC.didn’t you D.don’t you【答案】 B【解析】 祈使句的反义疑问句,不管陈述部分是肯定还是否定,反问部分都用will you。( )11.They made Smith President of the university, they A.wasn’t B.hadn’tC.weren’t D.didn’t【答案】 D【解析】一般过去时态的反义疑问句。( )12.Let’s go to the concert, A.will you B.shall weC.isn’t she D.aren’t you【答案】 B【解析】陈述部分开头为Let’s,反问部分为 shall we ( )13.The city has a population of 120,000 people, most of them speak English. A.but B.so C.and D.although【答案】 C【解析】 and连接两个并列句。( )14.There are two roads the town,which one shall we take A.led by B.leading toC.lead D.to lead to【答案】 B【解析】现在分词短语作定语,修饰roads。( )15. make any noise when your grandma is sleeping. A.Not B.Can’tC.Don’t D.Isn’t【答案】 C【解析】祈使句,“当奶奶在睡觉时,你不要发出噪音。”( )16.I’m sorry for having telephoned you before. A.not B.can’tC.don’t D.isn’t【答案】 A【解析】对动名词表否定,是在动名词前加not。( )17. quickly bad news travels! A.What B.What a C.What an D.How【答案】 D【解析】该题考查的是感叹句。感叹词修饰的是副词quickly,所以选How。( )18. delicious soup it was! A.What B.What a C.What an D.How【答案】 A【解析】该题感叹词修饰的是名词soup,所以选what。( )19. lovely Christmas presents! A.What B.What a C.What an D.How【答案】 A【解析】该题感叹词修饰的是名词presents,所以选what。( )20.I have read one of his novels a few of his plays. A.or B.as well as C.but D.while【答案】 B【解析】as well as 除了有 “和……一样好”的意思外,还有“也”“又”“除……之外(也)”的意思。该句意思为:我读过他的一本小说,还有几个剧本。( )21.Some are singing others are dancing. A.or B.for C.so D.while【答案】 D【解析】 while 用来表对比,“而”。( )22.There a book,a ruler and two pencils on the desk. A.is B.are C.have D.were【答案】 A【解析】There be 句型中be 动词用单数还是复数要根据紧跟在be 动词后的第一个主语来确定。( )23.We shall forget the advice of our teacher. A.always not B.not alwaysC.never D.forever not【答案】 C【解析】never 表示全部否定,“我们将永远不会忘记老师的建议”。( )24.—Are the bicycles in the garage —No,there in the garage. A.is nothing B.isn’t nothingC.aren’t nothing D.is anything【答案】 A【解析】该句中there be 句型的否定用There isn’t anything./There is nothing.。( )25.When her homework A.does Wendy usually do B.does Wendy usuallyC.Wendy usually does D.usually does Wendy【答案】 A【解析】 when 提问的特殊疑问句中要加助动词does,且后面要接动词原形。( )26.Where standing A.is they B.are theyC.do they D.does they【答案】 B【解析】现在进行时态的特殊疑问句。( )27. from London to Gatwick A.How long there is B.What a long wayC.What distance is there D.How far is it【答案】 D【解析】 How far is it from A to B 表示“从A到B有多远 ”。( )28.There is not much news in today’s paper, A.isn’t it B.are thereC.is there D.aren’t there【答案】 C【解析】 There be 句型的反义疑问句。陈述部分用否定的形式,反问部分要用肯定的形式;陈述部分谓语动词为单数,反问部分也用单数。( )29.Everything is ready for the party, A.isn’t it B.is itC.aren’t they D.doesn’t it【答案】 A【解析】复合不定代词 everything 作主语,要看作是第三人称单数,在反义疑问句中的反问部分要用代词it。陈述部分用肯定,反问部分要用否定。( )30.He’d done that before, A.wouldn’t he B.shouldn’t heC.hadn’t he D.didn’t he【答案】 C【解析】 句子中的’d done=had done。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览