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第十五章　倒装句
【复习要求】
理解并掌握最基本的倒装句的用法。
【知识要点】
英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫倒装结构。全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。倒装结构是英语中常见的现象,它主要用于以下几种场合:
1.There be句型中
There are many books on the desk.
2.here,there,now,then,in,out,ahead,up,down等开头的句子中
Here comes his mother.
Then came another problem.
Out went the students.
Ahead sat an old woman.
Away went the little girl to school.
3.表示地点的介词短语放在句首作状语时
From the house came a frightening cry.从房子里传出一阵吓人的哭声。
4.“only+副词(或介词短语或状语从句)”放在句首
Only in this way can we finish the work.
只有用这种方法我们才能完成工作。
Only then did I know the fact.直到那时,我才知道事实。
5.省略if的虚拟语气条件状语从句
Had you come earlier,you would have caught the first bus.
你早点来的话,你就赶上第一班公交车了。
Were I you,I would go.如果我是你,我就会去。
6.so(肯定句),nor,neither(否定句)位于句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一句中的主语。so用于肯定句,意思是“也一样”“也这样”;nor,neither用于否定句,表示“也不这样”“同样也不”。
He sings well,so does she.
他唱歌唱得好,她也一样。
You can’t do it,neither can I.
你不会做,我也不会。
7.形容词(或动词或名词)+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中
Try as he would,he couldn’t open the windows.
他试过多次了,却仍打不开窗户。
注:如果从句的表语是名词,放在句首时,其名词前不加任何冠词。
Child as he was,he knew how to do it.
他虽然是个小孩,但他知道怎样做这事。
8.never,hardly,seldom,little,not only,not until等放在句首时
Seldom do we go out.我们很少出去。
Not until her mother came back did she finish her housework.
直到她母亲回来,她才做好家务。
9.often,always,once,now and then,every other day,every two hours以及then等作状语的词放在句首时
Always does she ask me for help.她总是向我请求帮助。
10.在某些表示祝愿的句子中
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
中华人民共和国万岁!
May you be happy.祝你快乐。
11.so...that...句型中的so位于句首时
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
他害怕得很,动也不敢动。
【例题解析】
(　　)1.Only until his father was out of prison,　　　　to school.
A.can Charles go B.Charles can go
C.could Charles go D.Charles could go
【答案】　C
【解析】　副词only开头,后接一个时间状语从句时,从句按自然语序,而主句要用部分倒装语序,所以正确答案为C。
(　　)2.—I would never forget such an interesting party.
—　　　　.
A.Nor am I B.Neither would I
C.Same with I D.So do I
【答案】 　B
【解析】　本句的意思是“——我永远不会忘记如此有趣的晚会。——我也不会。”第一句中的动词是would,根据一致性的原则,应答句中也应用would,四个选项中只有B项有would,意思也符合题意。答案是B。
(　　)3.Be careful!　　　　.
A.The bus comes here B.Here comes the bus
C.The bus here comes D.Here the bus comes
【答案】　B
【解析】　在以here,there,in,out,up,now,then,down,away等词开头时,句子要完全倒装。
(　　)4.Not a single word 　　　　at yesterday’s party.
A.did she say B.she did say
C.she said D.said she
【答案】　A
【解析】　本句考查的是否定词放在句首时引起的倒装结构。意思是“在昨天的晚会上她一句话也没有说”。当否定词及半否定词放句首时,句子应采用部分倒装形式。
【同步精练】
(　　)1.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill 　　　　we all sat down to rest.
A.when B.then C.than D.until
【答案】 C
【解析】固定搭配 no sooner...than...,表示“一……就……”的意思。
(　　)2.We don’t need air conditioning,　　　　.
A.nor can we afford it B.and nor we can afford it
C.neither can afford it D.and we can neither afford it
【答案】 A
【解析】 前面句子表示否定的意思,后面的句子也是表示否定的意思要用neither/nor 开头,然后句子要倒装。
(　　)3.Only after finishing all the housework 　　　　a rest.
A.then I have B.did I have
C.I could have D.I had
【答案】 B
【解析】 only放在句首,句子要倒装,且是部分倒装。
(　　)4.　　　　do we go for picnics.
A.Certainly B.Sometimes
C.Seldom D.Once
【答案】 C
【解析】表示否定意义的词seldom 放在句首,句子才能部分倒装。
(　　)5.Her answer is not acceptable,and　　　　.
A.neither am I B.either is mine
C.neither is mine D.mine is neither
【答案】 C
【解析】 and 前的句子是否定的,and 后的句子表示“我的也是”要用neither,且倒装。
(　　)6.So fast 　　　　that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A.light travel B.travels the light
C.do light travel D.does light travel
【答案】 D
【解析】 so 放在句首,句子中要用部分倒装。
(　　)7.　　　　notebook and report that I promised you last year.
A.Here is the B.Here are the
C.Is here the D.Are here the
【答案】 B
【解析】 here 放在句首要倒装,主语是notebook and report,是复数。
(　　)8.Under the tree 　　　　of 8 years old.
A.sat a little boy B.did a little boy sit
C.a little boy was sitting D.a little boy sat
【答案】 A
【解析】 under the tree放在句首,句子要全部倒装。
(　　)9.Hardly 　　　　he got out of the court 　　　　the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.
A.had;when B.had;than
C.did;when D.has;than
【答案】 A
【解析】句型hardly...when...的意思是“一……就……”,主句中要用过去完成时,从句中要用一般过去时。hardly放在句首要倒装,主语放在had与过去分词之间。
(　　)10.Stop　　　　,there　　　　.
A.talking;the teacher comes
B.to talk;the teacher came
C.talking;comes the teacher
D.to talk;came the teacher
【答案】 C
【解析】 stop+to do“停下来去做其他事”,stop+doing “停止做某事”。There 放在句首,主语是名词,要用全部倒装。
(　　)11.Here 　　　　you want to see.
A.the manager comes B.comes the manager
C.comes a manager D.is coming a manager
【答案】 B
【解析】 here 放在句首,主语是名词,要全部倒装。
(　　)12.Barry can hardly drive a car,　　　　.
A.so can’t Molly B.can’t Molly either
C.Molly can’t too D.neither can Molly
【答案】 D
【解析】前面句子中hardly表示否定,后面句子中表示“某人也是”要用neither 或nor,且用倒装的形式。
(　　)13.　　　　for the leadership of the Party,we should not have succeeded.
A.Had not it been B.Had it not been
C.There was D.Is there
【答案】 B
【解析】主句中是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,从句中要用had+过去分词。在该题中将had提前,省略了if。
(　　)14.　　　　no air or water,there would be no life in the world.
A.Were there B.There are
C.There was D.Is there
【答案】 A
【解析】主句中是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句中要用动词的过去式。在该题中将were提前,省略了if。
(　　)15.Not only 　　　　study well but he also always helps others.
A.he does B.he did
C.does he D.did he
【答案】 C
【解析】 not only放在句首,句子要倒装,且是部分倒装。
(　　)16.—Can you tell me where my mother is
—Yes,of course,　　　　.
A.here your mother comes
B.here comes your mother
C.comes your mother here
D.your mother here comes
【答案】 B
【解析】 here 放在句首且句子主语是名词时要用全部倒装。
(　　)17.Not until he told me 　　　　what had happened to him.
A.realized I B.did I realize
C.I had realized D.had I realized
【答案】 B
【解析】 not until放在句首,主句要倒装,且是部分倒装。
(　　)18.—I want a pair of tennis shoes,please.
—　　　　.How do you like this pair
A.Here you are B.Here are you
C.You are here D.There are you
【答案】 A
【解析】 here放在句首,且句子主语不是名词而是代词时,不倒装。
(　　)19.Spring begins in March,then　　　　.
A.April and May come B.April is coming
C.come April and May D.is April coming
【答案】 C
【解析】 then放在句首,句子主语是名词时,要全部倒装。
(　　)20.Neither you nor　　　　 it.
A.I could do B.could I do
C.I were able to do D.was I able to do
【答案】 A
【解析】 neither...nor...后接名词或代词作主语时,不倒装。
(　　)21.All animals need air,　　　　.
A.so plants do B.so need plants
C.so do plants D.plants are so
【答案】 C
【解析】前面句子是肯定的,后面句子表示“……也是”要用 so,且全部倒装。
(　　)22.Not until Mr.Smith came to China 　　　　what kind of a country she is.
A.did he know B.he knew
C.he didn’t know D.he could know
【答案】 A
【解析】 not until放在句首,且until 后接了一个副词、介词短语或从句时,主句要倒装,且是部分倒装。
(　　)23.　　　　so busy,I should go with you.
A.Were I not B.Was I not
C.If I’m not D.Had I no
【答案】 A
【解析】主句中是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句中的谓语动词要用过去式。该题是将were提前,将if 省略。
(　　)24.I have tea for breakfast and so 　　　　my wife.
A.have B.has C.do D.does
【答案】 D
【解析】表示“……(人) 也是”时,so后要全部倒装。
(　　)25.Only then 　　　　what “revolution” meant.
A.I realize B.did I realize
C.I did realize D.do I realize
【答案】 B
【解析】 only放在句首,后接副词、介词短语或从句时,主句中要用部分倒装。
(　　)26.Only in that way 　　　　English well.
A.we can learn B.we will learn
C.can we learn D.can learn we
【答案】 C
【解析】 only放在句首,后接副词、介词短语或从句时,主句中要用部分倒装。
(　　)27.　　　　an electric light over the desk.
A.It is B.There is
C.It has D.There has
【答案】 B
【解析】 there be句型表示“(存在)有……”。
(　　)28.　　　　,he still goes on writing and reading.
A.As is he old B.Old as he is
C.As old he is D.Old but he is
【答案】 B
【解析】 as引导让步状语从句时,一定要将形容词、副词或名词放在它的前面。as在这里是“尽管”“虽然”的意思。
(　　)29.Now 　　　　your turn to keep guard.
A.there is B.is going
C.comes D.has come
【答案】 C
【解析】 now 在句首,主语是名词时,句子要全部倒装。
(　　)30.Not once 　　　　his view of life.
A.he mentioned that B.did he mention
C.he mentioned D.does he mentioned
【答案】 B
【解析】 not 是表示否定意义的词,放在句首,句子要用部分倒装。

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