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(共39张PPT)
第四章 冠词
【复习要求】
掌握冠词的基本用法。
【知识要点】
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。冠词有两种,定冠词和不定冠词,定冠词有the,不定冠词有 a,an。a用在辅音音素(即音标中的辅音而不是辅音字母)开头的单词之前,如:a useful book。an用在元音音素(即音标中的元音而不是元音字母)开头的单词之前。如:an examination。
一、不定冠词的用法
1.表示人或事物的某一类。如:
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr.Smith is an engineer.
2.指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:
A man is waiting for you.
3.表示“一个”,意为one。如:
I have a mouth and a nose.
4.用在某些固定词组中。如:
a little, a few, a lot,
in a hurry, in a minute, after a while,
have a cold, take a walk
二、定冠词的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,用于上文已提到的人或事物前。如:
the photo of the boy
I have a novel.The novel is interesting.
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如:
Listen to the tape carefully.
Open the door,please.
3.用在序数词、形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前。如:
This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.
I was the first to come to school.
4.用在某些形容词(或过去分词)之前,表示一类人。如:
the poor, the young, the wounded, the sick
5.表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:
the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky
6.用在江河、湖泊、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等之前。如:
the Yellow River,the Yangtze River,the West Lake
7.用在报刊,杂志的名词之前。如:
the China Daily,the Evening Paper,the Times
8.用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇”。如:
the Greens,the Whites,the Turners
9.用在乐器的名词前。如:
The little girl likes to play the violin(piano,guitar,etc).
10.用在逢十的数词复数之前。如:
in the 1970s
11.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:
the People’s Republic of China,the Great Wall,
the Summer Palace
12.用来加强特指意义,表示“最适合的”“最理想的”等意思。如:
He is the man for the job.
13.用在一些习惯用语中。如:
in the morning,by the way,at the age of,in the end
三、不用冠词的情况
1.专有名词、不可数名词(抽象名词和物质名词)前。如:
China,Tom,New York,love,air
2.名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定时。如:
my book,this factory,every person
3.在季节、月份、星期、节日等名词之前。如:
in winter,in May,on Tuesday,on National Day
4.泛指的名词复数,表示一类人或事物时。如:
They are teachers.
Cats are lovely animals.
5.在语言、学科、三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动等名词前。如:
learn English,have lunch,play football
6.用在称呼或表示官衔、职位的名词前及其在句中作主补或宾补时。如:
Chairman Hu,President Bush
We elected Jim group leader.
7.在成对使用的词组前。如:
day and night,husband and wife,face to face,knife and fork,
side by side
8.在某些固定词组中。如:
by air,on foot,at night,after school,at home,go to class,in fact,go to hospital
9.在“名词+as+主语+谓语,...”让步状语从句中。如:
Child as he is,he can write a letter.
【例题解析】
( )1.My parents often tell me to be honest boy today and useful man tomorrow.
A.an;a B.an;an C.a;an D.a;a
【答案】 A
【解析】 honest以元音音素[ ]开头,所以用an;useful以辅音音素[j]开头,所以用a。因此要根据音标而不是字母来判断。
( )2.We all made him captain of the team.
A.a B./ C.the D.an
【答案】 B
【解析】 表示官衔、职位的名词在句中作主补或宾补时,不用冠词。该句中captain of the team作宾语补足语。
( )3.Why should woman retire at age of fifty five
A.a;the B.a;an C.the;an D./;the
【答案】 A
【解析】 该题中a woman表示一类人,at the age of是习惯用语。
( )4.Paris is beautiful city,where you can see famous
Eiffel Tower.
A.the;a B.a;the C.a;/ D./;the
【答案】 B
【解析】 该题中a beautiful city表示“一个美丽的城市”,
“a”相当于one;the Eiffel Tower是由普通名词构成的专有名词,需用定冠词the。
【同步精练】
( )1.His father is going to have X ray check.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】 B
【解析】 “have a check” 是“做检查”的意思,在check 前有X ray修饰,因为X ray是以元音音素开头的单词,所以a改为an。
( )2.He is one of the best students in our class.We made him monitor last month.
A.an B.a C./ D.the
【答案】 C
【解析】表示官衔、职位的名词前不用冠词。
( )3.He is neither American nor Asian.He is Canadian.
A.an;an;a B.an;a;a C./;/;/ D./;an;a
【答案】 A
【解析】 American和Asian是以元音音素开头的单词,表示单数时,单词前用an;而Canadian是以辅音音素开头的单词,表示单数时,单词前用a。
( )4. is old country with long history.
A.The China;an;a B.The China;a;a
C.China;an;the D.China;an;a
【答案】 D
【解析】表示国家的名词前不用冠词。old 是元音音素开头的单词,修饰country时前面要用an;而在long history 前用不定冠词a。
( )5. Li Ping’s mother is teacher.She teaches English in middle school.
A./;a;/ B.The;a;a C./;a;a D./;an;the
【答案】 C
【解析】 Li Ping’s mother 前不用冠词,teacher前用不定冠词,
middle school 前也是用不定冠词。
( )6. elephant is bigger than horse.
A./;/ B.an;a C.An;a D.The;a
【答案】 C
【解析】 elephant 和 horse前都用不定冠词,表示事物的一类。elephant 是以元音音素开头的单词,所以要用an,又由于是在句首,所以第一个字母要大写。
( )7.We always have rice for lunch.
A./;/ B.the;/ C./;a D.the;the
【答案】 A
【解析】 rice是物质名词,属于不可数名词,它的前面不用冠词修饰;三餐的前面也不用冠词修饰。
( )8.Jack has unusual friend—a dog called Bob.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】 B
【解析】 friend是可数名词,没用复数前面就要加a;而unusual 是以元音音素开头的单词,修饰friend时,要用an。
( )9.It took me hour and half to finish
work.
A.a;a;a B.an;a;a C.an;a;the D.an;a;/
【答案】 C
【解析】 一个半小时”用 “an hour and a half” 或者是“one and a half hours”来表示;work前不能用不定冠词来修饰。
( )10. doctor told me to take medicine three times day and stay in bed,then I would be better soon.
A./;a;a;the B.A;the;the;/
C.The;/;a;/ D.A;/;a;/
【答案】 C
【解析】该句意思为:医生告诉我一日吃药三次,躺在床上,然后我很快就会好。doctor前要用定冠词,表示特指;medicine是不可数名词,前面不用冠词; day前要用不定冠词;stay in bed 是固定搭配,
bed前不用冠词。
( )11.She likes music.She is listening to music of film Tom and Jerry.
A./;/;a B./;the;the
C.the;the;the D.a;an;the
【答案】 B
【解析】第一个music前不用冠词,因为是抽象名词、不可数名词,表示泛指;第二个music前要用定冠词表示特指;film前也要用定冠词,指特定的这部电影。
( )12.Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1860.
A.a B.the C./ D.an
【答案】 C
【解析】 在表示官衔、职位的名词前不用冠词。
( )13.You are ill.You’d better go to hospital.
A./ B.the C.a D.an
【答案】 A
【解析】 go to hospital表示 “去医院看病”“住院”的意思;
go to the hospital是“去医院”的意思,主要强调“去”这个动作。
( )14.There is “u” and “s” in the word “use”.
A.a;a B.the;the C.an;a D.a;an
【答案】 D
【解析】字母 u虽然是元音字母,但发音是以辅音音素开头的;
字母 s 虽然是辅音字母,但发音是以元音音素开头。
( )15. Beijing is one of most beautiful cities in world.
A./;/;the B./;/;/
C.The;the;the D./;the;the
【答案】 D
【解析】 Beijing是地名,也是专有名词,不用冠词修饰;形容词最高级前要用定冠词修饰;in the world 是固定搭配。
( )16.We’ll wait for you at gate of school on National Day.
A.a;the;the B.the;the;/ C.the;a;/ D.a;a;/
【答案】 B
【解析】 “在校门口”表示特指,是指说话双方都知道的;一般以Day结尾的节日前不用冠词。
( )17. students in our school are mostly from south.
A.The;/ B.The;a C./;the D.The;the
【答案】 D
【解析】 in our school 修饰前面的名词students,表示特指,所以要用定冠词;英语中表示方位的名词前要用定冠词。
( )18.You should pay attention to pronunciation of word.
A.the;/ B.the;the C./;the D.the;a
【答案】 B
【解析】 “这个单词的发音”,发音和单词都是表示特指。
( )19.She is 18 year old girl.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】 B
【解析】 girl 是单数,要用冠词修饰,而“18”这个数字的英语发音是以元音音素开头,所以要用an修饰。
( )20.They had to take care of sick and wounded.
A.a B.the C.an D./
【答案】 B
【解析】 “the+形容词”表示一类人。
( )21.My sister and I usually go out for walk after supper.
A.a;/ B.a;the C./;/ D.the;/
【答案】 A
【解析】 go out for a walk是固定搭配;三餐前不用冠词。
( )22.She was playing violin while he was playing basketball.
A.a;/ B.the;/ C.a;an D./;/
【答案】 B
【解析】乐器名称前要用定冠词,而球类运动前不用冠词。
( )23. People’s Republic of China was founded on October 1st,1949.
A./;the;the B.The;the;/ C.The;/;/ D./;/;/
【答案】 C
【解析】 the People’s Republic of China是“中国”的全称;具体日期前不用冠词。
( )24. can’t live without water.
A.The fish;the B.Fish;a
C.The fish;/ D.Fish;/
【答案】 D
【解析】 fish 和water都属于物质名词,fish的单、复数同形,这里的water是泛指,且为不可数名词,所以前面不用冠词。
( )25. Greens are very friendly,and they usually have a party on Sundays.
A./;/ B.The;/ C.The;the D.the;the
【答案】 B
【解析】定冠词+姓氏的复数,表示“……夫妇”或“……一家人”;星期前不用冠词。
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