资源简介 (共64张PPT)第五章 代词【复习要求】1.掌握人称代词的主格和宾格、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词和关系代词的基本用法。2.掌握it的用法,如作代词(指时间、距离、自然现象等)、作引导词以及在强调句中的用法。【知识要点】代词是代替名词的词或者代替起名词作用的短语和句子的词。英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词、相互代词和连接代词。一、人称代词人称代词分主格和宾格两种形式。见表:人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称数 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数主格 I we you you he,she,it they宾格 me us you you him,her,it them 1.人称代词作主语或表语时用主格或宾格,作宾语或介词宾语时用宾格。如:We all like to work with him.我们都愿意和他一起工作。Who is it It’s I.(但口语中常用宾格me.) 是谁 是我。They are anxious to hear from him soon.他们急切地想早些收到他的信。You have to tell them the news as soon as possible.你必须尽早告诉他们这消息。2.人称代词的性别与数量需与其所代指的人或事物,或者先行词保持一致。如:The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework on time.老师叫学生按时交作业。She told her son that he must come back before supper.她告诉她儿子必须在晚饭前回来。3.注意人称代词并列时的先后顺序(按照第二人称→第三人称→第一人称的前后顺序)。如:You and I should work together to reach our aim.你和我应该一起努力达到我们的目标。I know you and he are my best friends.我知道你和他是我最好的朋友。二、物主代词物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。见表:1.形容词性物主代词起到形容词的作用,只能作定语。如:our country我们的国家 your class你的班级her brother她的兄弟 his father他的父亲人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称数 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数形容词性 my our your your his,her,its their名词性 mine ours yours yours his,hers,its theirs2.名词性物主代词起到名词的作用,可作主语、表语、宾语等。如:Our office is on the first floor,and theirs is on the second floor.我们的办公室在第一层,他们的在第二层。(作主语)This book is hers and that book is yours.这本书是她的,那本书是你的。(作表语)I forgot to bring my book here.May I use yours 我忘了带书,能用你的吗 (作宾语)三、反身代词表示反射(指一个动作反射到该动作执行者本身)或者强调(即用来加强名词或代词的语气)的代词叫反身代词。它是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格加词尾self 或者selves构成。反身代词包括 myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves。1.反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性别和数上保持一致。如:He saw himself in the mirror.他在镜子里看见了自己。2.反身代词还可以用于名词或代词之后或句末,表示强调。如:I myself do it.那是我亲自做的。3.反身代词在句中可用作动词宾语、介词宾语、表语和同位语。如:The girl always buys herself a present for her birthday.这个女孩在生日的时候总会为自己买一份礼物。(作动词宾语)He thinks more of others than of himself.他关心别人多于关心自己。(作介词宾语)That poor boy was myself.那个可怜的男孩就是我本人。(作表语)You’d better ask your mother herself.你最好问你妈妈本人。(作同位语)四、指示代词指示代词包括this(这个),that(那个),these(这些),those(那些),such(这样)等。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。1.指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。如:I will do that.我愿意做那件事。(作宾语)This map is my brother’s.这张地图是我哥哥的。(作定语)These are my books.Those aren’t my books.这些是我的书。那些不是我的书。(作主语)No one likes such hot weather.没有人喜欢这么热的天气。(作定语)2.指示代词可指代前面说过的事或已完成的事。如:I have said that,but that doesn’t mean I will do it all myself.我是说了那样的话,但那并不意味着我将一个人做这件事。The price in the new store is the same as this one.新商店的价格和这儿的价格一样。五、疑问代词疑问代词一般放在疑问句的句首。疑问代词有主格who(谁),宾格whom(谁),whose(谁的),what(什么),which(哪个)。其中who,whom,whose只能指人,who 作主语,whom作宾语;what和which 可指人或者物。如:Who told you that 是谁告诉你那件事的 Whom are you talking about 你们在谈论谁 Whose books are these 这些是谁的书 What are you doing 你正在干什么 Which color do you like best 你最喜欢哪种颜色 六、不定代词不定代词是不指明所代替的任何特定名词或形容词的代词。不定代词包括one,some,any,all,both,none,either,neither,each,every,many,much,few,a few,little,a little,another,other,somebody,anything等。不定代词的具体用法如下:1.one 的用法(1)one可泛指“任何一个人”,其所有格形式为“one’s”,反身代词为“oneself”。One should not be too cruel to animals.人不应该对动物太残忍。It’s hard to do good all one’s life.一个人很难一辈子做好事。One should not be too proud of oneself.人不应该太骄傲。(2)one可代替前面提到的一个人或物,避免重复,复数形式是ones。如:Please pass me the dictionary,the one on your right.请递给我那本字典,你右边的那本。There are some old bikes outside and many new ones inside.外面有一些旧的自行车,里面有许多新的(自行车)。2.some,any不定代词some和 any具有名词和形容词的性质,既可指人,也可指物,通常修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。some 用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句或疑问句中。但在表示请求、要求、建议的疑问句中,可用some。如:He asked me some questions.他问了我一些问题。I can not give you any help.我不能给你任何帮助。Would you like some water 你要喝些水吗 Can you give me some paper 你能给我些纸吗 3.all,bothall代表或修饰两个以上的人或物,也可代表不可数名词,表示全体、所有。而both指两个人或物。all在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。both在句中作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。如:All of the students are present.所有的学生都到了。That’s all I want to say.这是我想说的一切。Both Lucy and Lily want to play the computer game.露西和莉莉都想玩这个电脑游戏。Both of them are from America.他们两个都来自美国。4.all,any,none这三个词的使用范围为三者或三者以上的人或物。all(所有的),any(任何一个),none(都不)。如:All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。I don’t like any of these flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。5.both,either,neither这三个词都是谈论两者时用的。both(两者都),either(两者中任何一个),neither(两者都不),在句子中作主语、宾语或定语。如:Both teachers are experienced,so you can send either to teach the new class.两个老师都有经验,因此你可以派任何一个人去教那个新班级。Both Peter and Tom have left.Neither has stayed here.彼得和汤姆都走了,两个人都没待在这儿。The two hats are too expensive.I will buy neither.这两顶帽子都很贵,我两顶都不买。6.every,each(1)every强调全体的概念,each强调个体概念。如:Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have one book.每个学生都可能有一本书。(2)every指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。(3)every只作形容词,不可单独使用,each可作代词或形容词。如:Every student has to take one.Each boy has to take one.Each of the boys has to take one.(4)every与not连用,表示部分否定,each和not连用表示全部否定。Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。Each man is not honest.每个人都不诚实。7.many,much这两个词的意思是:许多,大量。many只能修饰可数名词的复数,much修饰不可数名词。如:There are many people in the room.房间里有许多人。Much of the time was wasted.很多时间被浪费了。8.few,a few 和little,a little 的用法:(1)a few 和a little是一对用来表示数量的不定代词的固定词组。 意思为:少数,少量。具有肯定的意义。 A few修饰可数名词的复数形式,a little修饰不可数名词。如:I have a few friends here.我在这里有几个朋友。There is a little water in the bottle.瓶子里有一点儿水。(2)few和little 具有否定的意义,意思为:几乎一点儿都没有。few修饰可数名词,little修饰不可数名词。如:He has few friends and feels lonely.他没有什么朋友,觉得很孤独。There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有水了。9.another,other,the otheranother 表示三者或三者以上的“另一个,又一个”,other表示“另外的”,the other指“两者中的另一个”。如:The coat is too big.Please show me another.这外套太大了,请给我看另一件。Some people like playing football while others like watching football games.一些人喜欢踢足球,而另一些人喜欢看足球比赛。He has two sons.One is in the army,and the other is at college.他有两个儿子,一个在部队,另一个在上大学。七、关系代词who,whom,whose,as,that,which是关系代词,用来引导定语从句。它们在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语或表语,同时它们代表主句中被定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(即先行词)。1.who和whom 代表人,在定语从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,但在口语中常用who。如:The girl who is reading is my young sister.在看书的那位姑娘是我的妹妹。He is the teacher who/whom I visited last Sunday.他就是我在上个星期天去拜访过的那位老师。2.which代表事物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:He bought a house,which cost him a lot of money.他买了一套房子,花了他许多钱。Have you seen the house which he bought last month 你有见过他上个月买的那套房子吗 3.whose 表示“谁的”,在定语从句中作定语。如:The young lady whose daughter is singing is my English teacher.那位女儿正在唱歌的女士是我的英语老师。4.that代表人和物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。作宾语时,有时可以省略。如:The man that is talking with my father is my uncle.正在与我父亲交谈的那个男人是我的叔叔。The book (that) you are reading is written by a little girl.你正在读的那本书是个小姑娘写的。5.as 用于such...as...结构中。如:Such plant as you read in the newspaper is rare now.你在报纸上看到的这种植物现在已经罕见了。八、it的用法1.常用来指时间、天气、距离等。如:What time is it now It’s three o’clock.现在几点了 三点了。It’s a fine day,isn’t it 天气很好,不是吗 2.常用作形式宾语和形式主语,代替一个不定式短语、动名词短语或从句,或用于强调句中。如:I find it important to learn English well.(形式宾语) I find it necessary that you should wear glasses.(形式宾语) It is useful to learn more than one foreign language.(形式主语) It was impossible that he didn’t pass the examination.(形式主语) It took me two hours to finish writing the passage.(形式主语) It is no use quarrelling about the problem.(形式主语) It was in the street that I met him the other day.(强调句) 【例题解析】( )1.Excuse me,is this watch A.you B.your C.yours D.your’s【答案】 C【解析】 you充当主语或宾语,your是形容词性物主代词,只能用作定语。该题应选名词性物主代词yours.( )2.We must learn to look after . A.us B.myselfC.ourself D.ourselves【答案】 D【解析】 反身代词的人称和单复数形式应与主语保持一致。( )3.My grandmother is in her nineties,but she still does housework. A.little B.a little C.few D.a few【答案】 B【解析】 few和a few 修饰可数名词,few 表示否定意义,a few 表示肯定意义。little和a little 修饰不可数名词,little 表示否定意义,a little 表示肯定意义。( )4. is more popular among students,basketball or football A.Who B.Whom C.Which D.What【答案】 C【解析】 who和whom只能指人,which和what可以指物。该题是在固定的范围内进行选择,故用which。( )5.Was it in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon A.when B.that C.which D.what【答案】 B【解析】 这是一个强调句式“It is...that...”的疑问句,陈述语序是It was in 1969...that...,所以选B。【同步精练】( )1.Though it rained heavily, were still playing on the playground. A.they B.them C.their D.themselves【答案】 A【解析】 该题所缺的是主语,所以要选人称代词的主格。( )2. no need for us to discuss the problem again.It has been solved. A.It has B.There hasC.It is D.There is【答案】 D【解析】 There be 句型表示“(存在)有……”。句子中没有人称代词作主语时通常不用have/has,而用There be...。( )3.We are going to spend our holidays in the village my grandfather lives in. A.where B.when C.which D.there【答案】 C【解析】 该题考查定语从句,引导词在从句中充当介词in 的宾语。( )4. is 200 kilometres from here to the Natural Park.We have to go there by car. A.There B.It C.This D.The place【答案】 B【解析】 it在这里是代词,指代距离。( )5.Our room is big,but is bigger than . A.their;our B.their;oursC.theirs;ours D.theirs;our【答案】 C【解析】 该题考查名词性物主代词。第一个代词充当主语,第二个代词充当宾语。( )6. is the best season of the year A.When B.What C.Which D.What time【答案】 C【解析】 该题考查疑问代词的用法。句子意思:哪一个季节是一年中最好的 ( )7. has happened and did it A.Who;who B.What;whoC.What;what D.Who;what【答案】 B【解析】 该题考查疑问代词的用法。句子意思:发生了什么事 谁干的 ( )8. house is being repaired A.What B.Where C.Who D.Whose【答案】 D【解析】 该题考查疑问代词的用法。只有whose 后才能直接接名词,表示“谁的”。( )9.We enjoyed at the party last Sunday. A.myselves B.ourselvesC.myself D.ourself【答案】 B【解析】 固定搭配,enjoy oneself是“过得开心”“玩得高兴”的意思。( )10. did he care about his own safety,though he was already in danger. A.So B.Only C.Little D.Not【答案】 C【解析】四个选项都可以用在倒装句中。但在该题中只能选little。So放在句首的前提条件是:前面要有个句子是肯定句,So后的句子表示“也是的”的意思时才可以。Only放在句首,要倒装时必须要接一个副词或一个介词短语或一个从句,后面的句子才可倒装。Not放在句首倒装时必须接名词或在前面加only或在后面加until,不能单独放在句首倒装。( )11.This blue suit looks better than the green . A./ B.one C.suits D.it【答案】 B【解析】 该题考查不定代词的用法。在该题中,one 代替单数suit,避免重复。( )12.He has one blue pen and two red . A.one’s B.those C.one D.ones【答案】 D【解析】 该题考查不定代词的用法。ones 代替复数pens,避免重复。( )13.There are shops on side of the street. of them do not close until 12 at night. A.both;All B.every;NoneC.either;Some D.other;Many【答案】 C【解析】 street只有两边,且side是单数,所以只能选either。( )14.The boy runs faster than in his class. A.any of the boy B.any boysC.any other boy D.all the boys【答案】 C【解析】 any other boy在本题中表示的是“班上除了他自己之外的任何男孩”。( )15.There is not meat in my bowl.There is chicken in it. A.some;any B.any;someC.any;any D.some;some【答案】 B【解析】 any用于否定句和疑问句,而some 用于肯定句中。( )16.He feels his duty to help others. A.that B.this C.it D.what【答案】 C【解析】该题考查的是it作形式宾语的用法。it是形式宾语,his duty是宾语补足语,不定式 to help others 是真正的宾语。( )17.Would you like more coffee A.little B.any C.some D.another【答案】 C【解析】 some一般用于肯定句中,但在表示请求、要求、建议的疑问句中也要用some 代替any。( )18.Listen to me.I have to tell you. A.anything new B.something newC.new something D.nothing new【答案】 B【解析】 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要放在复合不定代词后面,肯定句中用something。( )19.Mr.Smith has two sons. is a soldier, is a doctor. A.One;another B.One;otherC.This;the other D.One;the other【答案】 D【解析】 前面有明确的“两个”,表示“一个……另一个……”要用“one...the other...”的句型。( )20. of them has an English dictionary. A.Every B.All C.Both D.Each【答案】 D【解析】 谓语是单数,加上every 不能和of连用,只能选each。( )21.—Which would you like,a cup of tea or a glass of milk — ,thanks.I think I’ll just drink a glass of water. A.None B.Neither C.Both D.Either【答案】 B【解析】 对两者的否定用neither,对三者及以上的否定用 none。( )22.Whose turn is to clean the classroom A.that B.him C.it D.yours【答案】 C【解析】 考查句型“It is one’s turn to do sth.”的特殊疑问句形式。( )23.We should speak English as as possible. A.many B.much C.few D.lot【答案】 B【解析】 句子意思:我们应该尽可能多地说英语。( )24.I didn’t get any letters yesterday,but there were this morning. A.a little B.few C.little D.a few【答案】 D【解析】 letter是可数名词,且后半句的意思为:但是今天早上有几封(信)。 few 表示否定的意思,“几乎没有”,a few表示肯定的意思,“有几(个/封/本等)”。( )25.The film isn’t interesting at all. people like it. A.Few B.A little C.A few D.Little【答案】 A【解析】 people是可数名词,句子是表示否定的意思,所以选few。( )26. a pity I didn’t see you. A.That’s B.What’s C.It’s D.There’s【答案】 C【解析】 该题考查的是it 作形式主语。( )27.Hurry up! There is time left. A.few B.a few C.little D.a little【答案】 C【解析】 time是不可数名词,句子是表示否定的意思。( )28. is important for us to learn how to learn. A.That B.This C.what D.It【答案】 D【解析】 该题考查的是it 作形式主语。( )29.—When was Jazz was born in the United States —Around 1890.A.it that B.it C.time D.that【答案】 A【解析】 该题考查的是强调句型“It was...that...”的特殊疑问句的形式。( )30.The population of Shanghai is larger than of Hangzhou. A.one B.it C.that D.what【答案】 C【解析】该题考查指示代词的用法。在含有比较级的句子中,用that 代替被比较的名词单数或不可数名词,用those代替被比较的可数名词的复数。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览